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The Cultural Revolution and the Mao Personality Cult
Bard College Bard Digital Commons History - Master of Arts in Teaching Master of Arts in Teaching Spring 2018 'Long Live Chairman Mao!' The Cultural Revolution and the Mao Personality Cult Angelica Maldonado Bard College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/history_mat Part of the Asian History Commons, Asian Studies Commons, Chinese Studies Commons, Curriculum and Instruction Commons, and the Secondary Education Commons Recommended Citation Maldonado, Angelica, "'Long Live Chairman Mao!' The Cultural Revolution and the Mao Personality Cult" (2018). History - Master of Arts in Teaching. 1. https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/history_mat/1 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Master of Arts in Teaching at Bard Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in History - Master of Arts in Teaching by an authorized administrator of Bard Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ‘Long Live Chairman Mao!’ The Cultural Revolution and the Mao Personality Cult By Angelica Maldonado Bard Masters of Arts in Teaching Academic Research Project January 26, 2018 Maldonado 2 Table of Contents I. Synthesis Essay…………………………………………………………..3 II. Primary documents and headnotes……………………………………….28 a. Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung b. Chairman Mao badges c. Chairman Mao swims across the Yangzi d. Bombard the Headquarters e. Mao Pop Art III. Textbook critique…………………………………………………………33 IV. New textbook entry………………………………………………………37 V. Bibliography……………………………………………………………...40 Maldonado 3 "Had Mao died in 1956, his achievements would have been immortal. Had he died in 1966, he would still have been a great man. But he died in 1976. Alas, what can one say?"1 - Chen Yun Despite his celebrated status as a founding father, war hero, and poet, Mao Zedong is often placed within the pantheon of totalitarian leaders, amongst the ranks of Mussolini, Stalin, and Hitler. -
Ur-Fascism and Neo-Fascism
The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development Volume 5 Issue 1 The Journal of International Relations, Article 2 Peace Studies, and Development 2019 Ur-Fascism and Neo-Fascism Andrew Johnson Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.arcadia.edu/agsjournal Recommended Citation Andrew Johnson (2019) "Ur-Fascism and Neo-Fascism," The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development: Vol. 5 : Iss. 1 , Article 2. Available at: https://scholarworks.arcadia.edu/agsjournal/vol5/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@Arcadia. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@Arcadia. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Journal of International Relations, Peace and Development Studies A publication by Arcadia University and the American Graduate School in Paris Ur-Fascism and Neo-Fascism Andrew Johnson Abstract: Fascism was once a momentous and imperative subject of study, but as the memory of atrocity faded there has been a lessening of stakes and a forgetting of its previous import. The election of Donald J. Trump, along with the Brexit referendum, growing support for economic nationalism, and a global rise of authoritarian populists, has revitalized the “fascism question,” both by scholars and the general public. The reemergence (and electoral successes) of far-right ideological partisans threatens the neoliberal consensus, challenging received wisdom within political science. The dominant approach within international political economy failed to predict escalating political opposition to global capitalism. A prescient exception is the heterodox scholar William Robinson, who had warned his readers of emergent 21st century fascism. -
The American Media During the Rwandan Genocide of 1994
University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2013 Too Few Voices, Too Many Distractions, Too Little Concern, Too Little Understanding: The American Media During The Rwandan Genocide Of 1994 Skip-Thomas Parrish University of Central Florida Part of the History Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Parrish, Skip-Thomas, "Too Few Voices, Too Many Distractions, Too Little Concern, Too Little Understanding: The American Media During The Rwandan Genocide Of 1994" (2013). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 2874. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/2874 TOO FEW VOICES; TOO MANY DISTRACTIONS; TOO LITTLE UNDERSTANDING: THE AMERICAN MEDIA DURING THE RWANDAN GENOCIDE OF 1994 by SKIP-THOMAS PARRISH B.A. University of Central Florida, 2002 A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History in the College of Arts and Humanities at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Fall Term 2013 ABSTRACT Too Few Voices; Too Many Distractions; Too Little Understanding: the American Media During the Rwandan Genocide of 1994 Upwards of one million people died during the Genocide, Civil War, and Refugee Crisis in Rwanda and surrounding nations, during one of the fastest Genocides to occur in modern history. -
Public Discourse and the Economy of Racialization in the Workplace Terry Smith
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law American University Law Review Volume 57 | Issue 3 Article 1 2008 Speaking Against Norms: Public Discourse and the Economy of Racialization in the Workplace Terry Smith Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/aulr Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, and the Labor and Employment Law Commons Recommended Citation Smith, Terry. “Speaking Against Norms: Public Discourse and the Economy of Racialization in the Workplace.” American University Law Review 57, no.3 (February, 2008): 523- 584. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in American University Law Review by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Speaking Against Norms: Public Discourse and the Economy of Racialization in the Workplace Abstract Free speech controversies erupt from reactions to outlier voices, and these voices are often those of subordinated citizens such as racial minorities. Employing the tools of narrative, interviews with litigants and subjects, and interdisciplinary analysis of case law, Professor Terry Smith probes whether the social inequality of government employees of color affects the rigor of the First Amendment protection afforded their speech. Professor Smith argues that all public sector employees lack sufficient protection because their speech typically does not receive the highest constitutional scrutiny and because of the Supreme Court's recent decision in Garcetti v. -
A Comparative Study of the Assyrian and Guatemalan Genocides
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones 5-1-2015 A Comparative Study of the Assyrian and Guatemalan Genocides Bernadette Mary Lazar University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the Islamic World and Near East History Commons, Latin American Studies Commons, Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons, Peace and Conflict Studies Commons, and the Political Science Commons Repository Citation Lazar, Bernadette Mary, "A Comparative Study of the Assyrian and Guatemalan Genocides" (2015). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 2373. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/7645938 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ASSYRIAN AND GUATEMALAN GENOCIDES By Bernadette M. Lazar Bachelor of Arts - Political Science University of Nevada, Las Vegas 2010 A thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts - Political Science Department of Political Science College of Liberal Arts The Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas May 2015 We recommend the thesis prepared under our supervision by Bernadette M. -
Gulag Vs. Laogai
GULAG VS. LAOGAI THE FUNCTION OF FORCED LABOUR CAMPS IN THE SOVIET UNION AND CHINA Sanne Deckwitz (3443639) MA International Relations in Historical Perspective Utrecht University Supervisor: Prof. dr. B.G.J. de Graaff Second Reader: Dr. L. van de Grift January 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Abbreviations and Acronyms.................................................................................................. ii Maps…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… iii Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 1 Chapter 1: Historical overview of the gulag…………………………………………………………... 6 1.1 Origins of the gulag, 1918-1929…………………………………………………………… 6 1.2 Stalin’s gulag, 1929-1953…………………………………………………………………….. 9 1.3 The gulag after Stalin, 1953-1992………………………………………………………… 14 Chapter 2: Historical overview of the laogai………………………………………………………….. 17 2.1 Origins of the laogai, 1927-1949…………………………………………………………... 18 2.2 The laogai during the Mao Era, 1949-1976…………………………………………… 20 2.3 The laogai after Mao, 1976-present……………………………………………………… 26 Chapter 3: The political function of the gulag and the laogai………………………………….. 29 3.1 Rule by the vanguard party of the proletariat……………………………………….. 29 3.2 Classicide: eliminating external enemies………………………………………………. 32 3.3 Fracticide: eliminating internal enemies………………………………………………. 34 3.4 China’s capitalist communism……………………………………………………………… 37 Chapter 4: The economical function of the gulag and the laogai ...............………………….. 40 4.1 Fulfilling the economic goals of socialism……………………………………………... 41 4.2 -
Sleepwalker: Arendt, Thoughtlessness, and the Question of Little Eichmanns
SLEEPWALKER: ARENDT, THOUGHTLESSNESS, AND THE QUESTION OF LITTLE EICHMANNS Larry Busk “There are no dangerous thoughts; thinking itself is dangerous.”1 “Thinking…is political by implication”2 In 2005, a gale of controversy erupted over an essay penned by Ward Churchill, professor of ethnic studies at The University of Colorado, entitled “Some People Push Back: Reflections on the Justice of Roosting Chickens.” The essay, written on September 11th 2001 and expanded into a book in 2003, concerns the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center. In it, Churchill argues that the attacks are best understood as a predictable response to American imperial practices; its title is a reference to Malcolm X’s comment after the assassination of JFK—“the chickens have finally come home to roost.”3 The (delayed)4 controversy was not centered specifically around these claims, however. Reactions to the essay focused exclusively on a single passage in which Churchill characterizes some of the victims of 9/11 as “little Eichmanns,” referring to the convicted Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann, and, implicitly, to Hannah Arendt’s 1963 work Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil (the term “little Eichmann” is borrowed from John Zerzan,5 though its attribution to the WTC victims is original). In fact, as Fritch et al. point out,6 virtually no commentator quoted anything from the piece except these two words. The outrage and calumny that followed the exposure of the essay flowed directly 1 Hannah Arendt, “Thinking and Moral Considerations,” in Social Research 38, no. 3 (1971), 435. 2 Arendt, The Life of the Mind (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1977), 192. -
Ing September 11: Ward Churchill, Frame Contestation, and Media Hegemony Erika G
Grand Valley State University ScholarWorks@GVSU Peer Reviewed Articles Political Science and International Relations 4-2008 Imag(in)ing September 11: Ward Churchill, Frame Contestation, and Media Hegemony Erika G. King Grand Valley State University, [email protected] Mary deYoung Grand Valley State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/pls_articles Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation King, Erika G. and deYoung, Mary, "Imag(in)ing September 11: Ward Churchill, Frame Contestation, and Media Hegemony" (2008). Peer Reviewed Articles. 5. https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/pls_articles/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Political Science and International Relations at ScholarWorks@GVSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Peer Reviewed Articles by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@GVSU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Journal of Communication Inquiry Volume 32 Number 2 April 2008 123-139 ©2008 Sage Publications Imag(in)ing September 11 10.1177/0196859907311670 http://jci.sagepub.com Ward Churchill, Frame Contestation, hosted at and Media Hegemony http://online.sagepub.com Erika G. King Mary deYoung Grand Valley State University This study analyzes the Denver Post’s reportage on the frame contest between the dom- inant narrative of the September 11 terrorist attacks set out by President Bush and a challenge to that narrative in an Internet essay by Professor Ward Churchill. The authors find that by refusing to interrogate Churchill’s sociopolitical argument, reduc- ing it to the offensive rhetorical trope “little Eichmanns” he used to describe the victims of the attacks, and pillorying Churchill as a person and scholar, the Post assured his counterframe would not achieve parity with the dominant frame. -
Classicide in Communist China
Comparative Civilizations Review Volume 67 Number 67 Fall 2012 Article 11 10-1-2012 Classicide in Communist China Harry Wu Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ccr Recommended Citation Wu, Harry (2012) "Classicide in Communist China," Comparative Civilizations Review: Vol. 67 : No. 67 , Article 11. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ccr/vol67/iss67/11 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Comparative Civilizations Review by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Wu: Classicide in Communist China 102 Number 67, Fall 2012 Classicide in Communist China Harry Wu Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, China has known only one form of government: the authoritarian communism of Mao Zedong. Although China has undergone 30 years of major social and economic transitions, from a political standpoint, the fundamental system of dictatorship established by Mao Zedong has not changed. Why? Because China’s leaders are deeply afraid of falling from power and allowing real freedom, democracy, and human rights to flourish. The Party of Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao is the party of Mao Zedong. We cannot just forget the crimes committed against humanity over the course of its 60-year history. The world rightfully remembers the tragedy of the Holocaust where around 20 million were killed. But many in the West do not realize that genocide has taken place on an even greater scale in the People’s Republic of China. -
Middle Class Anxiety in “Wang-Ho and the Burial Robe” Malcolm Lamb Brigham Young University, [email protected]
Brigham Young University Masthead Logo BYU ScholarsArchive Modernist Short Story Project English Winter 2019 Middle Class Anxiety in “Wang-Ho and the Burial Robe” Malcolm Lamb Brigham Young University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/mssp Part of the Literature in English, British Isles Commons Recommended Citation Lamb, Malcolm, "Middle Class Anxiety in “Wang-Ho and the Burial Robe”" (2019). Modernist Short Story Project. 12. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/mssp/12 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the English at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Modernist Short Story Project by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Lamb 1 Malcolm Lamb Professor Watts English 376 22 April 2019 Middle Class Anxiety in “Wang-Ho and the Burial Robe” “Wang-Ho and the Burial Robe” was published by The London Mercury in 1918 and would later be included as the seventh story in Ernest Bramah’s 1922 fantasy anthology, Kai Lung’s Golden Hours. Though published in a well-respected journal alongside the likes of Virginia Woolf and Siegfried Sassoon, “Wang-Ho and the Burial Robe” has little in common with the modernist trends of the early twentieth century. The story features no stream of consciousness, experimentation in new styles, epiphany, commentary on sexuality or gender, evocative imagery, reference to the Great War, or religious symbolism. In fact, it seems safe to suppose that Woolf would have handed Bramah the disdainful label of “materialist” had his name been of enough consequence within respected literary circles to warrant her attention. -
Adolf Eichmann: Understanding Evil in Form and Content
H UMAN R IGHTS & H UMAN W ELFARE Adolf Eichmann: Understanding Evil in Form and Content By Matthew S. Weinert Criminal Case 40/61, the Trial of Adolf Eichmann by Harry Mulisch. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005. Forty-four years after his execution, the “man in the glass booth” reappeared on the world stage. In early June 2006, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) released previously classified documents detailing that as early as 1958 it had knowledge of Adolf Eichmann’s whereabouts in Argentina (Shane 2006). Following the lead of the West German government, which passed along its information on Eichmann (he was living under the pseudonym Ricardo Klement), the CIA avoided capturing him presumably to avoid the embarrassing scenario that Eichmann would name ex-Nazis who both held positions in the Adenauer government and who were employed by the spy agencies of multiple governments including the US, the USSR, Britain, West Germany, and France (Kempster 2001). On May 11, 1960, Israeli secret agents kidnapped Adolf Eichmann on the streets of Buenos Aires and, nine days later, transported him to Jerusalem to face trial for crimes against the Jewish people, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. Eichmann’s reappearance must strike the reader as somewhat ironic, somewhat irksome, and somewhat prophetic: for this man who was simultaneously construed as the devil incarnate and recognized as so extraordinarily ordinary that he was easily forgotten by the media and the public both during his trial and soon after his execution, foretold at the gallows that “we shall all meet again” (Arendt 1964: 252). -
The Onset of Genocide/Politicide: Considering External Variables
The onset of genocide/politicide: considering external variables. A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Political Science of the College of Arts and Sciences by Erika Alejandra García González B.A., International Relations, ITESM, Campus Monterrey, 2005 July 2015 Committee Chair: Richard J. Harknett, Ph.D. i Abstract By using case-studies as method of analysis, the dissertation analyzes the impact external variables can have at the onset of genocide and politicides. While a majority of studies focus on internal conditions when analyzing these events, the basic premise of this dissertation states that to understand why genocide and politicide occur it is important to assess the role of external variables as well as the interaction between them and the internal variables. The dissertation builds upon Harff’s (2003) statistical model of genocide/politicide, which tested internal variables as predictors of genocide or politicide events. The model, however, misclassified 26% of the cases. The cases included in the dissertation, Iraq, Indonesia and East Timor, were selected because they have at least two events with one accurately predicted and another not predicted by Harff’s model. The dissertation used a modified version of Stoett’s (2004) classification of state involvement to assess the role of external variables at the onset of these crimes: effects of colonialism at state creation, direct assistance, and indirect support. By using case-studies it was possible to observe the interaction between the external and internal variables and how those dynamics worked at the onset of genocide and politicide, allowing to observe how external variables influenced, constituted and created the events and which ones had a larger impact.