blue goose PASSPORT

THIRD EDITION | 2016

blue goose PASSPORT

THIRD EDITION | 2016

The first edition of the Blue Goose Passport was produced by Lee and Marvin Cook, operating as Wilderness Graphics, Inc., with assistance from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. ISBN 978-0-9671292-1-1 Contents Introduction...... 1 How To Use This Passport...... 4 Get Involved...... 5 Refuges Alabama...... 7 Alaska...... 11 Arizona...... 18 Arkansas...... 22 California...... 27 Colorado...... 41 Connecticut...... 45 Delaware...... 45 Florida...... 46 Georgia...... 56 Hawaii and Pacific Islands...... 60 Idaho...... 69 Illinois...... 73 Indiana...... 78 Iowa...... 80 Kansas...... 84 Kentucky...... 86 Louisiana...... 87 Maine...... 96 Maryland...... 100 Massachusetts...... 102 Michigan...... 107 Minnesota...... 112 Mississippi...... 121 Missouri...... 127 Montana...... 130 Nebraska...... 142 Nevada...... 145 New Hampshire...... 149 New Jersey...... 151 New Mexico...... 153 New York...... 157 North Carolina...... 162 North Dakota...... 167 Ohio...... 194 Oklahoma...... 195 Oregon...... 199 Pennsylvania...... 206 Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands...... 208 Rhode Island...... 211 South Carolina...... 213 South Dakota...... 216 Tennessee...... 222 Texas...... 225 Utah...... 233 Vermont...... 235 Virginia...... 237 Washington...... 242 West Virginia...... 255 Wisconsin...... 257 Wyoming...... 262 Regional Offices...... 266 NWR Map...... 268 Introduction

When President Theodore Roosevelt established the first national wildlife refuge in 1903, he began a system that has become the nation’s premier network of public lands dedicated to the conservation of wildlife and wildlife habitat.

Managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service within the Department of the Interior, national wildlife refuges belong to the American people.

The mission of the National Paul Krogel, the nation’s first National Wildlife Refuge Wildlife Refuge System manager. is to administer a national network of lands and waters for the conservation, management and, where appropriate, restoration of the fish, wildlife, and plant resources and their habitats within the United States for the benefit of present and future generations of Americans.

With more than 560 units and 150 million acres, the System represents a diverse sampling of the country’s natural ecological communities.

1 More than 47 million people annually visit national wildlife refuges and participate in world-class recreation: birding and other wildlife-watching, fishing and hunting, photography, hiking, canoeing and kayaking, environmental education and more. National wildlife refuges generate millions of dollars in economic benefit, and protect the natural resources that are the foundation of America’s strength.

There is at least one wildlife refuge in each state and U.S. Territory. About 500 national wildlife refuges are open to the public; most charge no entry fee. More than 100 wildlife refuges are within an easy drive of cities. Each refuge was established for its importance to wildlife. Be sure to check with the refuge staff to learn about current regulations and which activities are permitted.

Many refuges are along the nation’s flyways and great places for new and veteran birders. These places provide critical habitat for waterfowl and songbirds to breed, rest, and feed along their seasonal migration routes.

2 Refuges also play a vital role in the survival of endangered plants and animals. In addition to maintaining the natural landscape for wildlife, refuges are restoring native habitats into productive places for wildlife and people.

At the same time, national wildlife refuges protect important pieces of the nation’s cultural history, including archaeological and historic sites. These range from the homes of North America’s earliest native peoples to historic places and structures.

You will see the Blue Goose icon on the boundary signs around most refuges. Former Biological Survey Chief and Pulitzer Prize-winning political cartoonist J.N. “Ding” Darling created what has become the beloved symbol of the Refuge System.

You can gain admittance to those refuges that charge entry fees by purchasing a Duck Stamp, which supports wetlands acquisition; a Golden Eagle Pass, which also admits you to National Parks; or by paying the daily entrance fee at the refuge fee station. Visiting a hatchery is fun and educational; many have exhibits and aquariums.

3 How To Use the Blue Goose Passport

The Blue Goose Passport is designed to record your visits to national wildlife refuges. All refuges open to the public are in the Passport, as are National Fish Hatcheries. For the most up-to-date information, find national wildlife refuges online.

Some refuges are administered from offices in nearby towns and do not have an office or visitor facility at the refuge. Some refuges may not have a provision to stamp or cancel your passport. If you visit after hours or at unstaffed locations, simply record the date of your visit to keep a record of your travels.

National fish hatcheries are also managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Hatcheries are interesting places to visit. Many offer special exhibits and aquariums, where you can learn about endangered species and fisheries conservation. Recreational fishing opportunities are also available.

Refuges and hatcheries are listed alphabetically within their state. Refuges with offices or visitor facilities usually have a space to stamp your passport. For sites closed to the public, use the stamp area for your own notes.

4 Get Involved!

If you value your wildlife resources, you can get actively involved. Many refuges and hatcheries have volunteer programs. From hands-on work with biological projects to maintenance, field work and environmental education activities, volunteering is worthwhile and appreciated.

You can also join cooperating associations and Friends groups to support refuges or fish hatcheries. Find a Friends organization online: fws.gov/refuges/friends/find.html

Information Online

National Wildlife Refuge System fws.gov/refuges

National Fish Hatcheries fws.gov/fisheries

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service fws.gov

5 Refuges by State

Abbreviations

National Fish Hatcheries (NFH)—are leaders in sustaining fisheries and have a key role in restoration of fishery resources and preservation of endangered species.

Waterfowl Production Areas (WPA)—are composed of small natural wetlands and grasslands that provide breeding, resting and nesting habitat for millions of waterfowl, shorebirds, grassland birds and other wildlife. They offer recreational opportunities.

Wildlife Management Areas (WMA)—part of the Refuge System, are lands set aside for wildlife and offer varied recreation.

Wetland Management Districts (WMD)—manage one or more Waterfowl Production Areas and offer varied recreation.

6 ALABAMA

Bon Secour STAMP ■■Established 1980 ■■Migratory Birds, Endangered Species ■■Gulf Shores, Alabama This coastal Alabama refuge provides stopover habitat for migratory birds and homes for endangered species such as the Alabama beach mouse.

Cahaba River STAMP ■■Established 2002 ■■Endangered Species, Rare Habitats ■■West Blocton, Alabama The refuge protects a unique and diverse 3-mile stretch of the beautiful Cahaba River. It is located 5 miles east of West Blocton. Cahaba lilies flower May through June.

7 ALABAMA

Choctaw STAMP ■■Established 1964 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Jackson, Alabama The entire refuge is flooded at times, so the best way to see it is by boat. / Closed to public

Eufaula STAMP ■■Established 1964 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Eufaula, Alabama Lake Eufaula provides the centerpiece of the refuge’s natural beauty.

Fern Cave STAMP ■■Established 1981 ■■Endangered Species ■■Paint Rock, Alabama Located on the western slope of Nat Mountain, the refuge is home to the largest wintering colony of gray bats in the U.S. The cave itself is closed to the public.

8 ALABAMA

Key Cave STAMP ■■Established 1997 ■■Endangered Species ■■Florence, Alabama The refuge protects the only known population of the endangered Alabama cavefish.

Mountain Longleaf STAMP ■■Established 2003 ■■Migratory Birds, Habitat Protection ■■Ft. McClellan, Alabama The refuge protects rare fire- adapted mountain longleaf pine forests covering high mountain ridges at the southern end of the Blue Ridge Mountains.

Sauta Cave STAMP ■■Established 1978 ■■Endangered Species ■■Scottsboro, Alabama In summer, visitors can see huge flights of bats at dusk. Contact Wheeler NWR for details.

9 ALABAMA

Watercress Darter STAMP ■■Established 1980 ■■Endangered Species ■■Bessemer, Alabama The refuge protects one of the last remaining populations of watercress darters.

Wheeler STAMP ■■Established 1938 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Decatur, Alabama The refuge provides a winter haven for large concentrations of ducks and geese.

10 ALASKA

Alaska Maritime STAMP ■■Established 1980 ■■Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats ■■Homer, Alaska The largest marine bird refuge in the world, it is home to 40 million nesting seabirds.

Alaska Peninsula STAMP ■■Established 1980 ■■Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats ■■King Salmon, Alaska With an abundant supply of salmon, berries, and carrion, the refuge provides prime habitat for a large population of Alaska brown bears.

Arctic STAMP ■■Established 1960 ■■Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats ■■Fairbanks, Alaska The northernmost refuge, it is home to the great Porcupine Caribou Herd. Winter is long and severe; summer is brief and intense. 11 ALASKA

Becharof STAMP ■■Established 1980 ■■Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats ■■King Salmon, Alaska The refuge provides important habitat for the Alaska Peninsula Caribou herd, one of thirteen major herds within Alaska.

Innoko STAMP ■■Established 1980 ■■Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats ■■McGrath, Alaska Remote even by Alaskan standards, the refuge is an important waterfowl area as host to thousands of geese, ducks, loons, and swans. It also provides habitat for moose, wolves, and bears.

12 ALASKA

Izembek STAMP ■■Established 1960 ■■Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats ■■Cold Bay, Alaska The refuge protects one of the largest eelgrass beds on earth, making it one of North America’s premier waterfowl and shorebird staging areas.

Kanuti STAMP ■■Established 1980 ■■Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats ■■c/o Fairbanks, Alaska Straddling the Arctic Circle, the refuge habitat is typical of an Alaskan boreal forest.

Kenai STAMP ■■Established 1941 ■■Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats ■■Soldotna, Alaska Often called “Alaska in Miniature,” this refuge contains all of Alaska’s habitat types: tundra, mountains, wetlands, and forest. 13 ALASKA

Kodiak STAMP ■■Established 1941 ■■Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats ■■Kodiak, Alaska The refuge preserves the habitat of the Kodiak bear and is home to three times as many bears as all the grizzlies living in the other 49 states.

Koyukuk STAMP ■■Established 1980 ■■Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats ■■Galena, Alaska The 3.5-million-acre refuge encompasses the extensive floodplain of the Koyukuk River, which is vital to moose, waterfowl, and fish species such as salmon and whitefish.

14 ALASKA

Nowitna STAMP ■■Established 1980 ■■Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats ■■Galena, Alaska The 2-million-acre refuge encompasses the floodplain of the nationally designated wild and scenic Nowitna River, which is vital to moose, waterfowl, and fish species such as sheefish.

Selawik STAMP ■■Established 1980 ■■Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats ■■Kotzebue, Alaska Straddling the Arctic Circle, the refuge is a showcase of estuaries, river deltas, and tundra hills.

15 ALASKA

Tetlin STAMP ■■Established 1980 ■■Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats ■■Tok, Alaska The refuge provides habitat for 143 nesting species of birds including trumpeter swans. Many large mammals, such as moose, bear, sheep, caribou, and wolves, are also found here.

Togiak STAMP ■■Established 1980 ■■Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats ■■Dillingham, Alaska The refuge encompasses a variety of landscapes, including tundra, lakes, rivers, wetlands, mountains, and rugged seacliffs and beaches.

16 ALASKA

Yukon Delta STAMP ■■Established 1980 ■■Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats ■■Bethel, Alaska The refuge is the largest in the system, with a history dating back to 1909.

Yukon Flats STAMP ■■Established 1980 ■■Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats ■■c/o Fairbanks, Alaska The refuge has one of the highest densities of nesting waterfowl in North America.

17 ARIZONA

Alchesay-Williams STAMP Creek NFH ■■Alchesay Unit established 1959; Williams Creek Unit established mid-1930s ■■Pinetop, Arizona Alchesay and Williams Creek National Fish Hatchery Complex raises five species of trout for stocking Indian waters in Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado. The Williams Creek Unit is known for its leading role in the recovery of the threatened Apache trout, a rare trout native only to Arizona.

Bill Williams River STAMP ■■Established 1941 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Parker, Arizona The refuge protects the largest native stand of cottonwood/ willow remaining along the lower Colorado River.

18 ARIZONA

Buenos Aires STAMP ■■Established 1985 ■■Endangered Species/Wildlife ■■Sasabe, Arizona Six endangered species and numerous southwest specialty birds and wildlife are sheltered by the refuge’s extensive grasslands, cottonwood-lined streams, and rare desert wetlands.

Cabeza Prieta STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Desert Bighorn Sheep, Sonoran Pronghorn ■■Ajo, Arizona Originally established to assist in the recovery of the desert bighorn sheep, the refuge is now working for recovery of the endangered Sonoran pronghorn. It contains the largest refuge wilderness area in the contiguous U.S.

Cibola STAMP ■■Established 1964 ■■Migratory Birds, Reclamation ■■Cibola, Arizona The refuge is comprised of river bottomland surrounded by a small fringe of desert ridges and washes. 19 ARIZONA

Havasu STAMP ■■Established 1941 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Lake Havisu City, Arizona The refuge was created when Parker Dam was built, to provide habitat and protect wildlife resources.

Imperial STAMP ■■Established 1941 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Yuma, Arizona The refuge encompasses a ribbon of wetland and riparian habitat that winds through the desert along the lower Colorado River.

Kofa STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Desert Bighorn Sheep ■■Yuma, Arizona Consisting of 665,400 acres of pristine desert habitat, the refuge hosts one of the nation’s largest desert bighorn sheep herds.

20 ARIZONA

Leslie Canyon STAMP ■■Established 1988 ■■Endangered Species ■■Douglas, Arizona The refuge protects riparian wetland for endangered fish, frogs, and plants and provides important habitat for neotropical birds and rare invertebrates.

San Bernardino STAMP ■■Established 1982 ■■Endangered Species ■■Douglas, Arizona The refuge protects wetlands for native fish, manages riparian areas for neotropical birds, and provides access to the historic 1884 John Slaughter Ranch.

Willow Beach STAMP NFH ■■Willow Beach, Arizona

21 ARKANSAS

Bald Knob STAMP ■■Established 1993 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Bald Knob, Arkansas The Cache/Lower White River ecosystem is the single most important wintering area for mallards.

Big Lake STAMP ■■Established 1915 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Manila, Arkansas The refuge protects a remnant portion of Mississippi Delta forested habitat— invaluable habitat for more than 200 species of migratory birds.

Cache River STAMP ■■Established 1993 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Augusta, Arkansas The Cache/Lower White River ecosystem is the single most important wintering area for mallards. In 2005, the thought-to-be-extinct ivory-billed woodpecker was rediscovered on the refuge.

22 ARKANSAS

Felsenthal STAMP ■■Established 1970 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Crossett, Arkansas The refuge has the world’s largest green-tree reservoir. Mature pine stands are managed for the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker.

Greers Ferry STAMP NFH ■■Established 1965 ■■Heber Springs, Arkansas The hatchery produces almost a million rainbow trout for trout waters located in Arkansas and eastern Oklahoma.

Holla Bend STAMP ■■Established 1957 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Dardanelle, Arkansas Wintering ducks, geese, and eagles attract thousands of visitors in fall and winter.

23 ARKANSAS

Logan Cave STAMP ■■Established 1989 ■■Endangered Species Closed to public

Mammoth Spring STAMP NFH ■■Established 1903 ■■Mammoth Spring, Arkansas Built in the Ozark foothills in northeast Arkansas, the hatchery is one of the oldest in the U.S. Its location was chosen because of easy access to the railroad and the availability of cool gravity-flow water from one of the world’s largest springs.

Norfork NFH STAMP ■■Established 1957 ■■Mountain Home, Arkansas The hatchery produces one-fifth of all the rainbow trout stocked by the National Fish Hatchery System—1.8 million each year— with a tremendous economic impact.

24 ARKANSAS

Oakwood Unit STAMP ■■Established 1990 ■■FmHA Transfer The unit is currently being reforested to hardwoods. / Closed to public

Overflow STAMP ■■Established 1980 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Wilmot, Arkansas Bottomland hardwood and agriculture fields are habitat for wintering waterfowl.

Pond Creek STAMP ■■Established 1994 ■■Arkansas Land Exchange Act ■■DeQueen, Arkansas Rivers, oxbow lakes, and sloughs provide habitat for diverse wildlife species.

25 ARKANSAS

Wapanocca STAMP ■■Established 1961 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Turrell, Arkansas Varied habitats attract a wide variety of spring migrant songbirds. Large numbers of waterfowl overwinter on the 600-acre Wapanocca Lake.

White River STAMP ■■Established 1935 ■■Migratory Birds ■■DeWitt, Arkansas The refuge hosts the largest concentration of wintering mallards in the Mississippi Flyway.

26 CALIFORNIA

Antioch Dunes STAMP ■■Established 1980 ■■Endangered Species Closed to public

Bitter Creek STAMP ■■Established 1985 ■■Endangered Species ■■(Ventura, California) The refuge encompasses a variety of habitats, including open grasslands, which are valuable condor foraging areas, juniper brushland, oak savanna, and pinyon pine/juniper/oak communities. / Closed to public

Blue Ridge STAMP ■■Established 1982 ■■Endangered Species ■■(Ventura, California) The 897-acre refuge was established to provide critical roosting habitat for the California condor. It also serves to complement the condor’s historical foraging area. / Closed to public

27 CALIFORNIA

Butte Sink WMA STAMP ■■Established 1980 ■■Migratory Birds Closed to public

Castle Rock STAMP ■■Established 1980 ■■Endangered Species ■■Crescent City, California Covering about 14 acres, this offshore refuge is known for having the second-largest nesting seabird colony south of Alaska. It is also home to harbor seals, northern elephant seals, California sea lions, and Stellar’s sea lions. The refuge is closed to the public but can be viewed from the mainland. / Closed to public

Clear Lake STAMP ■■Established 1911 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Tulelake, California The refuge preserves archaeo- logical resources and nesting areas for white pelicans and sage grouse. It is closed to all public access except for limited waterfowl and pronghorn antelope hunting in season. 28 CALIFORNIA

Coachella Valley STAMP ■■Established 1985 ■■Endangered Species Closed to public

Coleman NFH STAMP ■■Established 1942 ■■Anderson, California

Colusa STAMP ■■Established 1944 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Colusa, California The 4,626-acre refuge of seasonal marshes, permanent pools, and uplands can be seen from the graveled auto tour route.

29 CALIFORNIA

Delevan STAMP ■■Established 1962 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Delevan, California

Don Edwards San STAMP Francisco Bay ■■Established 1974 ■■Endangered Species, Migratory Birds ■■Fremont, California This island of wildlife in an urban sea is a winter home to almost 1 million migratory birds.

Ellicott Slough STAMP ■■Established 1975 ■■Endangered Species Closed to public

30 CALIFORNIA

Farallon STAMP ■■Established 1909 ■■Migratory Birds Closed to public

Grasslands WMA STAMP ■■Established 1979 ■■Migratory Birds. Wetlands Conservation ■■Los Banos, California Viewable from public highways in the vicinity, the wildlife management area supports the largest remaining block of wetlands in the Central Valley. It consists of private lands interspersed with public lands and provides important habitat for migratory waterfowl, wading birds, and shorebirds.

Guadalupe-Nipomo STAMP Dunes ■■Established 2000 ■■Endangered Species ■■Guadalupe, California The refuge protects coastal dune ecosystems through partnerships to restore and enhance coastal dune habitats. 31 CALIFORNIA

Hopper Mountain STAMP ■■Established 1974 ■■Endangered Species ■■Ventura, California The refuge preserves critical foraging and roosting habitat for the endangered California condor and serves as a buffer to the Sespe Condor Sanctuary in the Los Padres National Forest. / Closed to public

Humboldt Bay STAMP ■■Established 1971 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Eureka, California The refuge preserves seasonal and estuarine wetlands and a rare dune ecosystem with endangered plants. Large concentrations of migratory waterfowl, shorebirds, and raptors occur November through April.

Kern STAMP ■■Established 1960 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Delano, California

32 CALIFORNIA

Livingston Stone STAMP NFH ■■Shasta Lake, California

Lower Klamath STAMP ■■Established 1908 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Tulelake, California This is the nation’s first refuge established for waterfowl.

Marin Islands STAMP ■■Established 1992 ■■Protection of Fish and Wildlife Resources The refuge supports the largest heron and egret rookery on San Francisco Bay. / Closed to public

33 CALIFORNIA

Merced STAMP ■■Established 1951 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Merced, California

Modoc STAMP ■■Established 1960 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Alturas, California

North Central STAMP Valley WMA ■■Established 1991 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Willows, California Closed to public

34 CALIFORNIA

Pixley STAMP ■■Established 1959 ■■Endangered Species, Migratory Birds ■■Pixley, California Thousands of sandhill cranes use this refuge each winter.

Sacramento STAMP ■■Established 1937 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Willows, California The Sacramento Valley is the most important wintering area for waterfowl using the Pacific Flyway.

STAMP Sacramento River ■■Established 1989 ■■Chico, California ■■Endangered Species

35 CALIFORNIA

Salinas River STAMP ■■Established 1973 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Castroville, California

San Diego STAMP ■■Established 1996 ■■Endangered Species ■■Chula Vista, California The refuge supports a rich diversity of native habitats and wildlife.

San Diego Bay STAMP ■■Established 1988 ■■Light-footed Clapper Rail ■■Chula Vista, California San Diego Bay’s historical coastal saltmarsh and mudflats are preserved within the refuge.

36 CALIFORNIA

San Joaquin River STAMP ■■Established 1987 ■■Endangered Species, Migratory Birds ■■Los Banos, California

San Luis STAMP ■■Established 1967 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Los Banos, California

San Pablo Bay STAMP ■■Established 1974 ■■Migratory Birds, Endangered Species ■■Petaluma, California The refuge encompasses tidal marsh mudflats and open bays at the north end of San Francisco Bay.

37 CALIFORNIA

Seal Beach STAMP ■■Established 1972 ■■Endangered Species ■■Seal Beach, California This relatively pristine tidal salt marsh habitat, protected by the U.S Navy, supports over 200 species of resident and migratory birds.

Sonny Bono Salton Sea STAMP ■■Established 1930 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Calipatria, California The refuge shelters the most diverse array of bird species found on any refuge in the West.

Stone Lakes STAMP ■■Established 1994 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Elk Grove, California The refuge protects Central Valley habitats along the Pacific Flyway.

38 CALIFORNIA

Sutter STAMP ■■Established 1945 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Yuba City, California

Sweetwater Marsh STAMP ■■Established 1988 ■■Endangered Species ■■Imperial Beach, California Chula Vista Nature Center, built and staffed by the city, interprets the refuge’s marsh and bay habitats and its endangered species.

Tijuana Slough STAMP ■■Established 1980 ■■Endangered Species ■■Imperial Beach, California The urban refuge is home to six endangered or threatened birds and one endangered plant.

39 CALIFORNIA

Tulare Basin STAMP WMA ■■Established 2010 ■■Wetland conservation ■■Delano, California Tulare Basin wetlands protect habitat for migratory waterfowl, land and shorebirds along the Pacific Flyway.

Tule Lake STAMP ■■Established 1928 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Tulelake, California This refuge together with others in the Klamath Basin hosts up to 80 percent of Pacific Flyway waterfowl during spring and fall migrations.

Willow Creek- STAMP Lurline WMA ■■Established 1985 ■■Migratory Birds Closed to public

40 COLORADO

Alamosa STAMP ■■Established 1963 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Alamosa, Colorado The refuge encompasses 12,000 acres of floodplain wetlands and riparian habitat along the Rio Grande that is important to water birds, songbirds, raptors, deer and elk.

Arapaho STAMP ■■Established 1967 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Walden, Colorado The highest refuge outside Alaska at 8,100 feet, it has an average of only 30 consecutive frost-free days each year.

Baca STAMP ■■Established 2004 ■■Habitat Management Closed to public

41 COLORADO

Browns Park STAMP ■■Established 1965 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Maybell, Colorado The refuge combines abundant wildlife with solitude, scenery, and Old West history.

Colorado River STAMP WMA ■■Established 1999 ■■Endangered fish species ■■Randlett, Utah Critical habitat and periodic flooding here protect the Colorado pikeminnow, the razorback sucker and the humpback and bonytailed chub—all endangered species.

Hotchkiss NFH ■■Established 1967 ■■Hotchkiss, Colorado

42 COLORADO

Leadville NFH STAMP ■■Established 1889 ■■Leadville, Colorado

Monte Vista STAMP ■■Established 1952 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Monte Vista, Colorado The refuge has some of the most productive duck production areas in North America.

Rocky Flats STAMP ■■Established 2007 ■■Restore and preserve native ecosystems ■■Commerce City, Colorado Opening planned 2017. Look for prairie falcons, deer, elk, coyotes, songbirds and the federally threatened Prebel’s meadow jumping mouse.

43 COLORADO

Rocky Mountain STAMP Arsenal ■■Established 1989 ■■Environmental Education, Endangered Species ■■Commerce City, Colorado The front range and Denver skyline are a dramatic backdrop to the shortgrass prairie.

Sangre de Cristo STAMP Conservation Area ■■Established 2012 ■■Migratory birds ■■Alamosa, New Mexico The headwaters of the Rio Grande River create wetlands and wildlife habitat in this high desert mountain valley.

Two Ponds STAMP ■■Established 1992 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Arvada, Colorado This urban refuge located near Denver covers approximately 72 acres. It supports over 100 different species of birds.

44 CONNECTICUT

Stewart B. STAMP McKinney ■■Established 1972 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Westbrook, Connecticut The refuge is comprised of 10 different units that stretch across 70 miles of Connecticut coastline. These diverse areas provide important habitat for many species of wading birds, shorebirds, songbirds, and terns, including the endangered roseate tern.

DELAWARE

Bombay Hook STAMP ■■Established 1937 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Smyrna, Delaware The auto-tour route provides views of saltmarsh, upland, forested, and freshwater habitats protected and managed for large numbers of migratory waterfowl and shorebirds.

45 FLORIDA

Archie Carr STAMP ■■Established 1991 ■■Endangered Species ■■Melbourne Beach, Florida The refuge was established in memory of Dr. Archie Carr to protect the most important loggerhead sea turtle nesting beaches in North America. It is the only sea turtle refuge in the U.S.

Arthur R. Marshall STAMP Loxahatchee ■■Established 1951 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Boynton Beach, Florida The refuge protects the last remaining 221 square miles of the legendary northern Everglades.

Caloosahatchee STAMP ■■Established 1920 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Ft. Myers, Florida

46 FLORIDA

Cedar Keys STAMP ■■Established 1929 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Cedar Key, Florida

Chassahowitzka STAMP ■■Established 1941 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Crystal River, Florida The refuge serves as an important breeding and feeding ground for marine life with its mix of saltwater bays, estuaries, brackish marshes, and fringe of hardwood swamp.

Crocodile Lake STAMP ■■Established 1980 ■■Endangered Species ■■Key Largo, Florida Closed to public

47 FLORIDA

Crystal River STAMP ■■Established 1983 ■■Endangered Species ■■Crystal River, Florida The refuge supports the largest concentration of manatees in a natural spring area.

Egmont Key STAMP ■■Established 1974 ■■Nesting Brown Pelicans ■■St. Petersburg, Florida Walking trails allow visitors access to maritime forests and a glimpse of the past.

Everglades STAMP Headwaters National Wildlife Refuge and Conservation Area ■■Established 2012 ■■Endangered Species ■■Vero Beach, Florida Protecting the headwaters of the Everglades safeguards much of the Florida water supply and conserves a prime hotspot for biological diversity. / Closed to public 48 FLORIDA

Florida Panther STAMP ■■Established 1989 ■■Endangered Species ■■Naples, Florida This is the only refuge specifically established to provide habitat for the endangered Florida panther. / Closed to public

Great White Heron STAMP ■■Established 1938 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Lower Florida Keys

Hobe Sound STAMP ■■Established 1969 ■■Donated by concerned residents ■■Hobe Sound, FL The refuge was acquired in an effort to protect the diminishing manatee and sea turtle populations found in the Intracoastal Waterway.

49 FLORIDA

Island Bay STAMP ■■Established 1908 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Punta Gorda, Florida

J.N. “Ding” Darling STAMP ■■Established 1945 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Sanibel, Florida During winter months, over 230 species of migratory birds take refuge here.

Key West STAMP ■■Established 1908 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Key West, Florida The refuge consists of mangrove islands with beaches that are critical nesting habitat for endangered sea turtles.

50 FLORIDA

Lake Wales Ridge STAMP ■■Established 1993 ■■Endangered Plants Closed to public

Lake Woodruff STAMP ■■Established 1964 ■■Migratory Birds ■■DeLeon Springs, Florida The public use area offers up to 6 miles of hiking and bicycling, and a 20-foot observation tower where spectacular numbers of wading birds can be seen.

Lower Suwannee STAMP ■■Established 1979 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Chiefland, Florida The floodplains of the Suwannee River and associated wetlands and forests provide nesting sites for swallow-tailed kites and other migratory birds.

51 FLORIDA

Matlacha Pass STAMP ■■Established 1908 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Ft. Myers, Florida The refuge encompasses 23 islands in the waters of Charlotte Harbor estuary.

Merritt Island STAMP ■■Established 1963 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Titusville, Florida Blessed with a favorable coastal location, subtropical climate, and diverse habitats, the refuge supports over 500 species of wildlife.

National Key STAMP Deer Refuge ■■Established 1957 ■■Endangered Species ■■Big Pine Key, Florida The refuge protects the only population of endangered Key deer and a portion of globally threatened hardwood hammock and pine rockland forest.

52 FLORIDA

Passage Key STAMP ■■Established 1905 ■■Migratory Birds Closed to public

Pelican Island STAMP ■■Established 1903 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Sebastian, Florida America’s first national wildlife refuge, it was established by President Theodore Roosevelt to protect pelicans and other birds from feather hunters.

Pine Island STAMP ■■Established 1908 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Pine Island Sound, Florida The refuge consists of 17 islands densely forested with red and black mangroves. These islands provide important nesting and roosting sites for colonial birds, particularly brown pelicans.

53 FLORIDA

Pinellas STAMP ■■Established 1951 ■■Migratory Birds Closed to public

St. Johns STAMP ■■Established 1971 ■■Endangered Species Closed to public

St. Marks STAMP ■■Established 1931 ■■Migratory Birds ■■St. Marks, Florida One of the oldest units in the National Wildlife Refuge System, this oasis for wildlife and native plant species includes nearly 70,000 acres, covering 40 miles of Florida’s Gulf Coast.

54 FLORIDA

St. Vincent STAMP ■■Established 1968 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Apalachicola, Florida The natural barrier island is a new home for endangered red wolves.

Ten Thousand STAMP Islands ■■Established 1996 ■■Protection of Unique Ecosystem ■■Goodland, Florida Best accessed by boat, canoe, or kayak, this refuge is noted for its beautiful scenery and good fishing.

Welaka NFH STAMP ■■Established 1926 ■■Welaka, Florida The only national fish hatchery in the state of Florida, it produces and distributes 5 million fish annually for the restoration and recovery of imperiled species.

55 GEORGIA

Banks Lake STAMP ■■Established 1980 ■■Endangered Species ■■Lakeland, Georgia The refuge has a natural pocosin, or sink, of ancient geologic origin. It is accessed primarily by boat, and fishing for largemouth bass and other sportfish is the most popular activity.

Blackbeard Island STAMP ■■Established 1924 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Blackbeard Island, Georgia The refuge includes national wilderness and a trail network for hikers and bicyclers.

Bond Swamp STAMP ■■Established 1989 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Macon, Georgia The refuge protects the forested wetland ecosystem of the Ocmulgee River floodplain and provides excellent wintering habitat for waterfowl.

56 GEORGIA

Chattahoochee STAMP Forest NFH ■■Established 1938 ■■Suches, Georgia Nestled in foothills of the southern Appalachians, this rural hatchery produces 1 million trout each year and sponsors an annual fishing festival.

Harris Neck STAMP ■■Established 1962 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Townsend, Georgia The refuge has an auto tour for easy access and a trail network for hikers and bicyclers.

Okefenokee STAMP ■■Established 1936 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Folkston, Georgia The largest refuge, containing the third-largest wilderness area east of the Mississippi River, has an extensive canoe trail system.

57 GEORGIA

Piedmont STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Round Oak, Georgia The refuge was created to reclaim unproductive, eroded farmland and restore it to productive wildlife habitat.

Savannah STAMP ■■Established 1927 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Savannah, Georgia The refuge includes freshwater marshes, tidal rivers and creeks, and bottomland hardwoods. More than half the refuge acreage is located in South Carolina.

Warm Springs STAMP NFH ■■Established 1898 ■■Warm Springs, Georgia The public-use area includes an aquarium, display pools, pavilion, carnivorous plant display, American alligators, nature trail, and watchable wildlife.

58 GEORGIA

Wassaw STAMP ■■Established 1969 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Wassaw Island, Georgia The coastal barrier island refuge is the most pristine of all the Golden Isles of Georgia.

Wolf Island STAMP ■■Established 1930 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Wolf Island, Georgia The refuge is a national wilderness area. Surrounding waters are open to the public, while all upland areas are closed. / Closed to public

59 HAWAII AND PACIFIC ISLANDS

Hawaii and Pacific STAMP Islands Many Hawaiian and Pacific Island refuges are inaccessible or restricted to public access and are administered by an urban office in Honolulu. Before trying to visit these refuges, you should call the refuge office for more information.

Baker Island STAMP ■■Established 1936 ■■Migratory Seabirds Closed to public

Guam STAMP ■■Established 1993 ■■Endangered Species ■■Dededo, Guam The Ritidian Point area offers opportunities to explore beaches, coral reefs, and native forest. Most refuge land is an overlay of military land and closed to the public.

60 HAWAII AND PACIFIC ISLANDS

Hakalau Forest STAMP ■■Established 1985 ■■Endangered Species ■■Hilo, Hawaii The refuge is the only one in the country set aside to protect and manage endangered forest birds and their rain forest habitat.

Hanalei STAMP ■■Established 1972 ■■Endangered Species ■■Kilauea, Kauai, Hawaii In order to protect endangered wildlife, the refuge is closed to the public but can be viewed from the Hanalei Valley Overlook. / Closed to public

Hawaiian Islands STAMP ■■Established 1909 ■■Refuge and Breeding Ground for Native Birds The refuge consists of an 800- mile chain of islands, reefs, and atolls providing nesting sites for thousands of seabirds and hundreds of green sea turtles.

61 HAWAII AND PACIFIC ISLANDS

Howland Island STAMP ■■Established 1936 ■■Migratory Seabirds Closed to public

Huleia STAMP ■■Established 1972 ■■Endangered Species ■■Kilauea, Kauai, Hawaii Closed to public

James Campbell STAMP ■■Established 1976 ■■Endangered Species ■■Haleiwa, Hawaii The refuge’s impounded wetlands are premier recovery areas for four endangered Hawaiian waterbirds.

62 HAWAII AND PACIFIC ISLANDS

Jarvis Island STAMP ■■Established 1936 ■■Migratory Seabirds Closed to public

Johnston Atoll STAMP ■■Established 1926 ■■Native Birds The refuge is cooperatively managed by the Defense Nuclear Agency. Its employees monitor the marine reef environment and manage habitat for seabirds and shorebirds. / Closed to public

Kakahaia STAMP ■■Established 1977 ■■Endangered Species ■■Kihei, Maui, Hawaii Hawaiian coot, or ´alae ke´oke´o, is written about in Hawaiian mythology. This endangered waterbird nests and forages in wetlands here.

63 HAWAII AND PACIFIC ISLANDS

Kealia Pond STAMP ■■Established 1992 ■■Endangered Species ■■Kihei, Maui, Hawaii The Hawaiian stilt, or ´ae´o, is one of the three endangered waterbird species that nests and forages in the wetlands here. The refuge hosts a diversity of shorebirds and waterfowl during fall migration.

Kilauea Point STAMP ■■Established 1985 ■■Migratory Seabirds ■■Kilauea, Kauai, Hawaii The Point is where the land meets the sea and people meet seabirds! Visitors can view the historic lighthouse; seven species of seabirds; the endangered Hawaiian goose, or nene; and whales.

STAMP Kingman Reef ■■Established 2001 ■■Endangered Species Closed to public

64 HAWAII AND PACIFIC ISLANDS

Mariana Arc of Fire STAMP ■■Established 2009 The 21 submerged volcanic features along the Mariana Ridge were designated as the volcano unit of the Marianas Trench Marine National Monument. The refuge supports unusual life forms in some of the harshest conditions imaginable, including highly acidic and boiling water. / Closed to public

Mariana Trench STAMP ■■Established 2009 The Mariana Trench contains some of the deepest known points in the global ocean. The Mariana Trench is also recognized by the international scientific community as the oldest place geologically on the floor of any ocean on earth. Due to its inaccessibility, the region is virtually unexplored. / Closed to public

65 HAWAII AND PACIFIC ISLANDS

Midway Atoll STAMP ■■Established 1988 ■■Native Species ■■Midway Island Fifteen seabird species, including 70 percent of the world’s Laysan albatross, nest here.

Oahu Forest STAMP ■■Established 2000 ■■Endangered Species ■■Haleiwa, Hawaii The native rain forest community within the refuge supports 20 species of endangered plants and animals. / Closed to public

Palmyra Atoll STAMP ■■Established 2001 ■■Endangered Species Closed to public

66 HAWAII AND PACIFIC ISLANDS

Pearl Harbor STAMP ■■Established 1972 ■■Endangered Species ■■Haleiwa, Hawaii The refuge is a premier recovery area for four endangered Hawaiian waterbirds and the largest remnant stand of endangered Ewa hinahina. / Closed to public

Rose Atoll STAMP ■■Established 1973 ■■Unique Fish and Wildlife Conservation Surrounded by a rose-colored coral reef, the atoll is the southernmost refuge in the National Wildlife Refuge System. Closed to public

67 HAWAII AND PACIFIC ISLANDS

Wake Atoll STAMP ■■Established 2009 Wake Atoll is a National Historic Landmark because of its role in World War II. Possibly the oldest living atoll in the world, the atoll provides important seabird and migratory shorebird habitat, as well as 100 species of coral and coral reefs that support large populations of fishes. Wake Atoll is part of the largest marine reserve in the world, the Pacific Remote Islands National Marine Monument. / Closed to public

68 IDAHO

Bear Lake STAMP ■■Established 1968 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Montpelier, Idaho An 18,000-acre marsh, the refuge is home to large populations of Canada geese, ducks, sandhill cranes, and white-faced ibis.

Camas STAMP ■■Established 1937 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Hamer, Idaho The refuge is an important migration and breeding area for migratory birds, including trumpeter swans, sandhill cranes, and songbirds.

Deer Flat STAMP ■■Established 1909 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Nampa, Idaho The refuge’s Lake Lowell and Snake River Island sectors provide watery oases for resident and migratory wildlife, including spectacular concentrations of wintering waterfowl.

69 IDAHO

Dworshak NFH STAMP ■■Ahsahka, Idaho The hatchery was built to mitigate the loss of steelhead trout in the North Fork of the Clearwater River and its tributaries as a result of the construction of Dworshak Dam.

Grays Lake STAMP ■■Established 1965 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Soda Springs, Idaho The refuge has one of the highest nesting densities of greater sandhill cranes and may be the largest hardstem bulrush marsh in North America.

Hagerman NFH STAMP ■■Hagerman, Idaho Over 1.2 million steelhead and 130,000 rainbow trout are produced annually to mitigate for fish and wildlife losses caused by the construction of dams.

70 IDAHO

Kooskia NFH STAMP ■■Kooskia, Idaho The hatchery was established to rear spring chinook salmon for release into the Clearwater River basin.

Kootenai STAMP ■■Established 1964 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Bonners Ferry, Idaho Over 300 different species of wildlife can be found on the refuge, indicating the richness and diversity this area holds.

Minidoka STAMP ■■Established 1909 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Rupert, Idaho The refuge has one of two white pelican nesting colonies found in Idaho. The Oregon Trail passed through what is now refuge land.

71 IDAHO

Oxford Slough WPA STAMP ■■Established 1985 ■■Migratory Birds, Waterfowl Production ■■Swan Lake, Idaho The WPA produces one duck nest per acre; provides safe haven for colonial nesting birds, like white-faced ibis and Franklin gulls; and is used by migrating greater sandhill cranes during spring and fall migrations.

72 ILLINOIS

Chautauqua STAMP ■■Established 1936 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Havana, Illinois Located along the Illinois River, the refuge covers 4,480 acres of bottomland forest, floodplain wetlands, and backwater lake habitat.

Crab Orchard STAMP ■■Established 1947 ■■Wildlife, Agriculture, Recreation, Industry ■■Marion, Illinois Located in the center of the Mississippi Flyway, the refuge landscape includes three man-made lakes, hardwood and pine forests, croplands, grasslands, wetlands, rolling hills, and rugged terrain.

Cypress Creek STAMP ■■Established 1990 ■■Wetlands, Migratory Birds ■■Ullin, Illinois The refuge protects 15,000 acres along the Cache River in southern Illinois. Cypress swamps provide homes for a diversity of birds, river otters, bobcats, and more. 73 ILLINOIS

Emiquon STAMP ■■Established 1993 ■■Wetlands Restoration ■■Havana, Illinois When completely restored, the refuge will comprise 11,122 acres of upland and bottomland forest, prairie, backwater lake, seasonal wetland, and marsh habitat.

Hackmatack STAMP ■■Established 2012 ■■Grasslands, Wet Prairies, Natural Streams ■■Thomson, Illinois When this refuge opens, look for several species of raptors, including bald eagles, as well as Blanding’s turtles. This refuge serves the greater Chicago metropolitan area. / Closed to public

74 ILLINOIS

Kankakee National STAMP Wildlife Refuge and Conservation Area ■■Established 2016 ■■Wetland/Grassland Habitat ■■Iroquois County, Illinois Expect to enjoy hunting, birdwatching and photography when this refuge opens. It was established with a donation of land from the Friends of the Kankakee, a river created by a catastrophic flood 14,000 years ago.

Meredosia STAMP ■■Established 1973 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Meredosia, Illinois As a functioning floodplain wetland complex, the refuge plays a vital role in perpetuating biological diversity in the Illinois River floodplain.

75 ILLINOIS

Middle Mississippi STAMP ■■Established 2000 ■■Migratory Birds, Fish ■■Rockwood, Illinois This stretch of the Middle Mississippi River is not regulated by a lock and dam system. Major habitat types include bottomland hardwood forest, seasonal wetlands, and backwater sloughs.

Two Rivers STAMP ■■Established 1958 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Brussels, Illinois Located at the confluence of the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers, the refuge provides critical habitat and sanctuary for birds migrating along the Mississippi Flyway. This area was formerly known as the Brussels District of the Mark Twain National Wildlife Refuge.

76 ILLINOIS

Upper Mississippi STAMP River Wildlife & Fish Refuge (Savanna District) ■■Established 1924 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Thomson, Illinois The 64,000-acre district includes a mosaic of upland and bottomland habitats and stretches along 80 miles of the Mississippi River. The refuge lies within four states: Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa and Illinois.

77 INDIANA

Big Oaks STAMP ■■Established 2000 ■■Fish and Wildlife, Endangered Species ■■Madison, Indiana The refuge contains the largest unfragmented forest block in southeastern Indiana and some of the largest grassland areas found within the region. Over 200 species of birds and 46 mammal species are found here.

Muscatatuck STAMP ■■Established 1966 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Seymour, Indiana Wildlife abounds at the refuge, attracted by wetland and forest nesting habitat. Over 280 species of birds have been seen here.

78 INDIANA

Patoka River STAMP National Wildlife Refuge and Management Area ■■Established 1994 ■■Wetland Preservation, Migratory Birds, Endangered Species ■■Oakland City, Indiana

The refuge includes 30 miles of the Patoka River and 19 miles of river oxbows in southwest Indiana. It represents one of the most significant bottomland hardwood forests in the Midwest and provides important habitat for migratory birds.

79 IOWA

DeSoto STAMP ■■Established 1959 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Missouri Valley, Iowa Visitors enjoy wildlife viewing in prairie, forest, and wetland habitat; recreation on DeSoto Lake; and the exhibition of the cargo from the 1865 steamboat Bertrand.

Driftless Area STAMP ■■Established 1989 ■■Endangered Species ■■McGregor, Iowa The refuge’s unique algific talus (cold air, loose rock) slopes remain cold throughout the year, providing a glacial relict environment for rare and endangered plants and animals.

80 IOWA

Iowa Wildlife STAMP Management District ■■Established 1979 ■■Waterfowl Production ■■Prairie City, Iowa Spread across 17 counties, approximately 20,000 acres of waterfowl production areas provide valuable habitat for waterfowl and other wildlife of the prairie pothole region.

Neal Smith STAMP ■■Established 1990 ■■Ecosystem Reconstruction ■■Prairie City, Iowa Farmed for 150 years, the refuge is being restored to the tallgrass prairie and savanna habitats that bison, elk, and other animals once called home. Visitor opportunities include an auto tour through a 740-acre bison/elk enclosure.

81 IOWA

Port Louisa STAMP ■■Established 1958 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Prairie City, Iowa The refuge protects over 10,000 acres along the Mississippi River. Fluctuations in water level are managed to mimic those that occur naturally. This program allows the best conditions for the aquatic plant growth that supports migratory birds.

Union Slough STAMP ■■Established 1938 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Titonka, Iowa Extending along Union Slough and Buffalo Creek, the refuge’s 3,300 acres of uplands and wetlands are managed for waterfowl and other migratory birds.

82 IOWA

Upper Mississippi STAMP River National Wildlife & Fish Refuge (McGregor District) ■■Established 1924 ■■Migratory Birds ■■McGregor, Iowa The McGregor District stretches along 100 miles of the Mississippi River where visitors can view bald eagles, tundra swans, songbirds, and more.

83 KANSAS

Flint Hills STAMP ■■Established 1966 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Hartford, Kansas The refuge lies in the broad, flat Neosho River Valley, a native tallgrass prairie region with natural scenic beauty.

Flint Hills Legacy STAMP Conservation Area ■■Established 2011 ■■Tallgrass prairie ■■Hartford, Kansas Only 4 percent of the once vast tallgrass prairie in eastern Kansas remains. Private landowners are partners in this effort to maintain prairie wildlife habitat. Open for self-guided walks, staff-led programs, hunting and fishing.

Kirwin STAMP ■■Established 1954 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Kirwin, Kansas The first national wildlife refuge in Kansas, its habitats include rolling hills, prairie, and riparian communities. 84 KANSAS

Marais des Cygnes STAMP ■■Established 1992 ■■Protect Bottomland Hardwood Forest ■■Pleasanton, Kansas The refuge protects one of the largest high-quality bottomland hardwood forests in Kansas. It is named after the Marais des Cygnes River which runs through the middle of the refuge.

Quivira STAMP ■■Established 1955 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Stafford, Kansas The refuge has two large salt marshes, which attract birds common to both eastern and western North America.

85 KENTUCKY

Clarks River STAMP ■■Established 1997 ■■Wetland Resources, Migratory Birds ■■Benton, Kentucky The refuge contains bottomland hardwood forests associated with one of the few remaining rivers in the region that has not been dammed or channelized. The intact forests provide critical habitat for migrating waterfowl and songbirds.

Wolf Creek NFH STAMP ■■Established 1975 ■■Jamestown, Kentucky The station produces approximately 1 million rainbow and brown trout annually and works in the recovery of several endangered species. It is home to the first and only visitor/environmental education center of its kind in the Southeast.

86 LOUISIANA

Atchafalaya STAMP ■■Established 1986 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Krotz Springs, Louisiana The refuge forms part of the nation’s largest complex of forested wetlands, the Atchafalaya Basin. This basin is one of the most productive wildlife areas in North America.

Bayou Cocodrie STAMP ■■Established 1990 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Ferriday, Louisiana The refuge includes some of the least-disturbed bottomland hardwood forest in the Southeast and significantly contributes to the biological diversity in the region.

Bayou Sauvage STAMP ■■Established 1990 ■■Migratory Birds ■■New Orleans, Louisiana The refuge’s 23,000 acres of marshes and woodlands, within the city limits of New Orleans, make it the nation’s largest urban wildlife refuge. 87 LOUISIANA

Bayou Teche STAMP ■■Established 2001 ■■Wetland Resources, Black Bear ■■New Orleans, Louisiana The primary purpose of this wetland refuge is to preserve and manage habitat for the threatened Louisiana black bear.

Big Branch Marsh STAMP ■■Established 1994 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Lacombe, Louisiana Pine savannas, bayous, and marshes represent one of the largest undeveloped natural areas in the New Orleans metropolitan area.

Black Bayou Lake STAMP ■■Established 1997 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Monroe, Louisiana Pristine wetlands with flora and fauna characteristic of southern swamps can be found at this semi-urban refuge.

88 LOUISIANA

Bogue Chitto STAMP ■■Established 1989 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Slidell, Louisiana The mixed bottomland hardwoods and cypress-tupelo brakes harbor a tremendous variety of wildlife.

Breton STAMP ■■Established 1904 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Breton Islands, Louisiana In 2005, Hurricane Katrina substantially impacted the island refuge, reducing it in size and eliminating much of the colonial bird nest habitats for which it was founded.

Cameron Prairie STAMP ■■Established 1988 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Sweetlake, Louisiana The visitor center boardwalks, 3-mile Pintail Wildlife Drive, and 1-mile walking trail allow visitors to see many wildlife, bird, and plant species.

89 LOUISIANA

Catahoula STAMP ■■Established 1958 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Rhinehart, Louisiana With scenic bottomland hardwood forests and bayous, the refuge is a wintering area for large concentrations of waterfowl.

Cat Island STAMP ■■Established 2000 ■■Migratory Birds ■■St. Francisville, Louisiana The 9,500-acre refuge is made up of forested wetland habitats and is home to a diverse array of wildlife species. It floods most years and is home to the National Champion Bald Cypress Tree.

D’Arbonne STAMP ■■Established 1975 ■■Migratory Birds ■■West Monroe, Louisiana The 17,421-acre refuge contains extensive bottomland hardwood forests which typically flood from November to June, attracting thousands of waterfowl.

90 LOUISIANA

Delta STAMP ■■Established 1935 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Venice, Louisiana The refuge provides wintering habitat for up to 300,000 waterfowl and is also an important stopover for neotropical migrants.

Grand Cote STAMP ■■Established 1989 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Marksville, Louisiana The 6,000-acre refuge was established to provide habitat for northern pintails and other wintering waterfowl but also is home to many other wildlife species.

Handy Brake STAMP ■■Established 1989 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Bastrop, Louisiana The refuge is home to resident wood ducks and wintering waterfowl.

91 LOUISIANA

Lacassine STAMP ■■Established 1937 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Lake Arthur, Louisiana Located at the southern end of the Mississippi and Central Flyways, Lacassine supports one of the largest concentrations of wintering waterfowl.

Lake Ophelia STAMP ■■Established 1988 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Marksville, Louisiana The 18,000-acre refuge is a mix of bottomland hardwood forests, open fields, and croplands, crisscrossed with bayous, streams, and its most prominent water body, the 350-acre Lake Ophelia.

Mandalay STAMP ■■Established 1996 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Houma, Louisiana Blue-winged teal are abundant at the refuge during the fall and winter.

92 LOUISIANA

Natchitoches STAMP NFH ■■Established 1931 ■■Fisheries Recreation & Recovery ■■Natchitoches, Louisiana The only federal hatchery in Louisiana, it provides fish for recreation, restoration, and recovery work in a five-state area.

Red River STAMP ■■Established 2002 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Shreveport/Bossier City, Louisiana Existing within one of the most highly altered landscapes in Louisiana, the refuge provides essential habitat for thousands of migratory birds annually.

93 LOUISIANA

Sabine STAMP ■■Established 1937 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Hackberry, Louisiana The 1.5-mile Wetland Walkway and 1-mile Blue Goose Trail allow visitors to see various wildlife, bird, and plant species.

Shell Keys STAMP ■■Established 1907 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Marsh Island, Louisiana The refuge consists of a small string of sand and shell islands that have nearly disappeared due to an eroding shoreline.

Tensas River STAMP ■■Established 1980 ■■Protect Bottomland Hardwood Forest Habitat ■■Tallulah, Louisiana “The Tensas” is one of the largest continuous blocks of bottomland hardwood forest remaining in the Mississippi River Delta.

94 LOUISIANA

Upper Ouachita STAMP ■■Established 1978 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Haile, Louisiana The 34,000-acre refuge contains bottomland hardwood forests and the largest bottomland forest restoration project.

95 MAINE

Aroostook STAMP ■■Established 1998 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Limestone, Maine The refuge provides valuable wildlife habitat in an area of Maine dominated by agriculture.

Carlton Pond WPA STAMP ■■Established 1965 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Troy, Maine The 1,055-acre area protects a large freshwater wetland. Many species of waterfowl visit the pond, including state-endangered black terns.

Craig Brook STAMP NFH ■■Established 1889 ■■East Orland, Maine The primary purpose for which the hatchery was established, and still operates today, is to restore Atlantic salmon.

96 MAINE

Cross Island STAMP ■■Established 1980 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Cutler, Maine

Franklin Island STAMP ■■Established 1973 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Muscongas Bay, Maine

Green Lake NFH STAMP ■■Established 1973 ■■Ellsworth, Maine The hatchery is a large-scale, cold-water, enhancement facility whose primary mission is to provide smolts and parr for Gulf of Maine rivers.

97 MAINE

Moosehorn STAMP ■■Established 1937 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Ellsworth, Maine The refuge serves as a breeding area and migration stop for waterfowl, wading birds, and shorebirds.

Petit Manan STAMP ■■Established 1974 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Milbridge, Maine The refuge manages coastal and island habitats with an emphasis on colonial nesting seabirds.

Pond Island STAMP ■■Established 1972 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Kennebec River, Maine

98 MAINE

Rachel Carson STAMP ■■Established 1966 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Wells, Maine The 5,300-acre refuge protects critical coastal wetlands and provides important migrating and wintering habitat for waterfowl and other migratory birds.

Seal Island STAMP ■■Established 1972 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Seal Island, Maine Closed to public

Sunkhaze Meadows STAMP ■■Established 1988 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Wetlands ■■Milford, Maine The 11,270-acre refuge protects a “raised dome” peatland and its native plants and wildlife.

99 MARYLAND

Blackwater STAMP ■■Established 1933 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Cambridge, Maryland The chief wintering area for Canada geese using the Atlantic Flyway, the refuge is a haven for two of our nation’s threatened or endangered species.

Eastern Neck STAMP ■■Established 1962 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Rock Hall, Maryland The refuge is a major staging area for thousands of tundra swans during the fall and spring migrations.

100 MARYLAND

Martin STAMP ■■Established 1954 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Smith Island, Maryland The refuge’s tidal marsh, coves, and creeks form an important stopover and wintering area for thousands of migratory waterfowl and nesting habitat for various wildlife species. / Closed to public

Patuxent Research STAMP Refuge ■■Established 1936 ■■Wildlife Research ■■Laurel, Maryland The only refuge established to support wildlife research, it is home to the National Wildlife Visitor Center and offers a variety of recreational and educational opportunities at two public entrances.

Susquehanna STAMP ■■Established 1942 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Harford County, Maryland Closed to public

101 MASSACHUSETTS

Assabet STAMP ■■Established 2001 ■■Migratory birds ■■Sudbury, Massachusetts Wetlands are prime areas for wildlife activity; hike trails near the pond to see songbirds and raptors. Hunting and fishing are also available.

Berkshire NFH ■■Established 1914 ■■Hartsville, New Marlboro, Massachusetts Originally the hatchery supplied trout species to surrounding states. Now run by volunteers, the hatchery also raises Atlantic salmon and is an environmental education facility.

Great Meadows STAMP ■■Established 1994 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Sudbury, Massachusetts Located just 20 miles from Boston, bordering seven historically significant towns, the refuge provides valuable wetland habitat.

102 MASSACHUSETTS

Mashpee STAMP ■■Established 1995 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Mashpee and Falmouth, Massachusetts Managed through a unique partnership of federal, state, and private conservation groups, this Cape Cod refuge is closed to public access. There are public areas on several partner properties. / Closed to public

Massasoit STAMP ■■Established 1983 ■■Conserve Plymouth Redbelly Turtle ■■Plymouth, Massachusetts The refuge provides critical habitat for the Plymouth redbelly turtle. / Closed to public

103 MASSACHUSETTS

Monomoy STAMP ■■Established 1944 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Chatham, Massachusetts Numerous waterfowl, shorebirds, and colonial seabird and waterbird species nest at the refuge. Fall shorebird migrations are renowned. Grey and harbor seals are present in great numbers.

Nantucket STAMP ■■Established 1973 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Nantucket Island, Massachusetts Endangered piping plovers and other shorebirds find refuge in the barrier beach habitat located at the tip of Great Point on Nantucket Island.

Nomans Land Island STAMP ■■Established 1975 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Nomans Land Island, Massachusetts Closed to public

104 MASSACHUSETTS

North Attleboro STAMP NFH ■■Nantucket Island, Massachusetts The hatchery supports Atlantic salmon restoration programs in southern New England.

Oxbow STAMP ■■Established 1973 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Harvard, Massachusetts Freshwater marshes and oxbow ponds provide valuable habitat for waterfowl, game birds, and endangered and threatened species.

Parker River STAMP ■■Established 1942 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Newburyport, Massachusetts The refuge is considered one of the top 10 birding areas in the country with more than 300 species recorded.

105 MASSACHUSETTS

Richard Cronin STAMP National Salmon Station ■■Established 1982 ■■Sunderland, Massachusetts

Silvio O. Conte STAMP National Fish & Wildlife Refuge ■■Established 1997 ■■Conserve Biodiversity ■■Turners Falls, Massachusetts The watershed-based refuge conserves biodiversity on a land- scape scale through land acquisition, outreach and education, and working with landowners and partners in four states. It utilizes multiple lands, education centers, and offices.

Thacher Island STAMP ■■Established 1972 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Thacher Island, Massachusetts The refuge currently serves as a nesting area for herring and great black-backed gulls and a resting and refueling stopover site for songbirds and other migrants. Seals, waterfowl, loons, grebes, and cormorants can be seen offshore. 106 MICHIGAN

Detroit River STAMP International Wildlife Refuge ■■Established 2001 ■■Habitat Protection and Restoration ■■Grosse Ile, Michigan The refuge is North America’s first international wildlife refuge and includes islands, coastal wetlands, marshes, shoals, and shoreline along the Detroit River and Lake Erie.

Harbor Island STAMP ■■Established 1983 ■■Unique Habitat Protection ■■Grosse Ile, Michigan The 695-acre horseshoe-shaped island that constitutes the refuge hosts a variety of undeveloped habitats and a diverse population of wildlife.

107 MICHIGAN

Huron STAMP ■■Established 1905 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Lake Superior, Michigan Only West Huron Island, part of the eight-island, 147-acre refuge, is open to the public for hiking and nature study.

Jordan River STAMP NFH ■■Established 1962 ■■Elmira, Michigan The entire production of the hatchery is dedicated to stocking lake trout in the Great Lakes, primarily lakes Michigan and Huron. The long-term goal is to establish a self-sustaining lake trout population.

108 MICHIGAN

Kirtland’s Warbler STAMP WMA ■■Established 1980 ■■Endangered Species ■■Seney, Michigan The area is comprised of 125 individual tracts of land and is managed in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources for the world’s rarest warbler.

Michigan WMD STAMP ■■Established 1980 ■■Migratory Birds ■■East Lansing, Michigan More than 60 species of birds have been observed, including 10 species of waterfowl. The District consists of a 14-county area.

Michigan Islands STAMP ■■Established 1943 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Lakes Michigan and Huron, Michigan These eight refuge islands provide habitat for migratory and colonial nesting birds and are closed to the public. / Closed to public 109 MICHIGAN

Pendills Creek STAMP NFH ■■Established 1951 ■■Lake Trout Restoration ■■Chippewa, Michigan The hatchery produces lake trout as part of the Great Lakes Restoration Program. The hatchery also has an environmental education program.

Seney STAMP ■■Established 1935 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Seney, Michigan The refuge’s 95,212 acres are home to over 200 species of birds and a variety of mammals, amphibians, reptiles, fish, and invertebrates.

Shiawassee STAMP ■■Established 1953 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Saginaw, Michigan Four rivers converge on the refuge, supporting diverse habitats that make it an excellent spot for viewing waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, songbirds, and raptors.

110 MICHIGAN

Sullivan Creek STAMP NFH ■■Established 1951 ■■Lake Trout Restoration ■■Brimley, Michigan The hatchery maintains lake trout broodstock.

111 MINNESOTA

Agassiz STAMP ■■Established 1937 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Middle River, Minnesota The refuge lies in the aspen parkland ecosystem of northwestern Minnesota, with a diversity of habitats that support over 280 bird species and 49 mammal species, including moose and wolves.

Big Stone WMD STAMP ■■Established 1995 ■■Migratory birds ■■Odessa, Minnesota The refuge is open for hunting, fishing and wildlife viewing.

Crane Meadows STAMP ■■Established 1992 ■■Habitat Protection ■■Little Falls, Minnesota Visit this site to observe sandhill cranes and many species of migratory birds. The refuge’s focus is preserving a large, natural wetland complex as well as areas of tallgrass prairie and oak savanna.

112 MINNESOTA

Detroit Lakes WMD STAMP ■■Established 1962 ■■Migratory Birds, Waterfowl Production ■■Detroit Lakes, Minnesota More than 160 waterfowl production areas protect more that 41,000 acres in Minnesota’s prairie pothole region. Management is focused on native plant community restoration.

Fergus Falls WMD STAMP ■■Established 1962 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Fergus Falls, Minnesota Spread across four counties, the district covers 44,000 acres. Visit one of the 218 waterfowl production areas and experience the prairie pothole ecosystem or enjoy an educational program at the Prairie Wetlands Learning Center.

113 MINNESOTA

Glacial Ridge STAMP ■■Established 2004 ■■Prairie Restoration, Migratory Birds ■■Erskine, Minnesota Established through a partnership of 30 organizations, the 2,300-acre refuge will eventually cover 35,000 acres, representing the largest tallgrass prairie restoration project in U.S. history.

Hamden Slough STAMP ■■Established 1989 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Audubon, Minnesota This refuge was selected as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by the National Audubon Society, one of eight such areas in Minnesota. Near the office, visitors can view the restored 26 acres of wildflowers.

114 MINNESOTA

Litchfield WMD STAMP ■■Established 1978 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Litchfield, Minnesota Covering seven counties, this management district comprises more than 33,000 acres of USFWS-owned land with 150+ waterfowl production areas, including marsh, prairie, transition, and woodland habitats.

Mille Lacs STAMP ■■Established 1915 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Mille Lacs County, Minnesota The nation’s smallest refuge is less than an acre but includes one of Minnesota’s four common tern breeding colonies. / Closed to public

115 MINNESOTA

Minnesota Valley STAMP WMD ■■Established in 1988 ■■Waterfowl production ■■Carver, Minnesota All waterfowl production areas are open to fishing and hunting, typically for waterfowl, deer, pheasant and turkey. A Young Waterfowlers Program teaches ethics and skills of waterfowl hunting. Native prairie wildflowers, butterflies, dragonflies and frogs are commonly seen.

Morris WMD STAMP ■■Established 1964 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Morris, Minnesota Located in Minnesota’s prairie pothole region, the refuge is a popular migration route for waterfowl and nongame birds and provides critical nesting habitat.

116 MINNESOTA

Northern Tallgrass STAMP Prairie ■■Established 2000 ■■Native Prairie Preservation ■■Odessa, Minnesota This unique refuge consists of small parcels set aside to preserve, restore, and manage a portion of the remaining northern tallgrass prairie habitat throughout western Minnesota and northwestern Iowa.

Rice Lake STAMP ■■Established 1935 ■■Migratory Birds ■■McGregor, Minnesota The abundant wild rice crop at Rice Lake attracts over 100,000 waterfowl every autumn, leading to the refuge being designated a Globally Important Bird Area.

Rydell STAMP ■■Established 1992 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Erskine, Minnesota Located in a unique fire-shield area of the prairie pothole region, the refuge supports a diversity of habitat types which can be enjoyed along 7 miles of accessible trails. 117 MINNESOTA

Sherburne STAMP ■■Established 1965 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Zimmerman, Minnesota The refuge is a mosaic of oak savanna with prairie openings and wetlands. It is home to bald eagles, sandhill cranes, Blanding’s turtles, river otters, and more.

Tamarac STAMP ■■ Established 1938 ■■ Migratory birds ■■ Rochert, Minnesota Coniferous forests meet tall grass prairie in this refuge established as a breeding ground for migratory birds and other wildlife. The refuge is open for hunting, fishing, wildlife viewing and hiking.

118 MINNESOTA

Tamarac WMD STAMP ■■Established 1994 ■■Enhance wildlife habitat ■■Rochert, Minnesota Tamarac Wetland Management District is made up of private land partnerships and conservation easements so there are currently no on-site opportunities for visitor activities. There are public programs at Tamarac National Wildlife Refuge. / Closed to public

Upper Mississippi STAMP River Wildlife & Fish Refuge (Winona District) ■■Established 1924 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Winona, Minnesota The refuge contains a vast diversity of habitat types, including wooded river bottomland, backwater marshes, open water, and numerous sloughs and channels.

119 MINNESOTA

Windom WMD STAMP ■■Established 1990 ■■Migratory Birds, Waterfowl Production ■■Windom, Minnesota Covering 12 counties with over 60 units, the management district provides critical nesting habitat for waterfowl and nongame birds throughout the prairie pothole region.

120 MISSISSIPPI

Coldwater River STAMP ■■Established 1991 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Crowder, Mississippi The refuge includes a diversity of habitats ranging from old fields reforested with native hardwoods to 25 ponds managed for shorebirds, waterfowl, and marsh birds.

Dahomey STAMP ■■Established 1991 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Boyle, Mississippi An island of forested wetlands in a sea of agricultural land, the refuge contains over 8,000 acres of contiguous bottomland hardwood forest.

Grand Bay STAMP ■■Established 1992 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Pascagoula, Mississippi The refuge protects one of the largest remaining areas of the rare Gulf Coast savanna.

121 MISSISSIPPI

Hillside STAMP ■■Established 1975 ■■Conserve Wildlife Habitat ■■Lexington, Mississippi The refuge is noted for its diversity of wildlife, especially bird species which utilize the bluff hills and bottomland hardwoods.

Holt Collier STAMP ■■Established 2004 ■■Omnibus Bill of 2004 ■■Darlove, Mississippi Located strategically in the Mississippi Flyway, the refuge provides habitat for more than 250 songbirds, wading birds, waterfowl and raptor species.

Mathews Brake STAMP ■■Established 1980 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Sidon, Mississippi, Lexington, Mississippi The refuge is noted for its waterfowl populations and its fishery.

122 MISSISSIPPI

Mississippi STAMP Sandhill Crane ■■Established 1975 ■■Endangered Species ■■Gautier, Mississippi The refuge is the only home of the endangered Mississippi sandhill crane and its unique wet pine savanna habitat.

Morgan Brake STAMP ■■Established 1977 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Cruger, Mississippi The refuge is noted for its large waterfowl populations, bird species diversity, and resident wildlife populations.

Noxubee STAMP ■■Established 1940 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Brooksville, Mississippi Encompassing 48,000 acres, the refuge is noted for its red- cockaded woodpeckers and a variety of forested habitats.

123 MISSISSIPPI

Panther Swamp STAMP ■■Established 1978 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Yazoo City, Mississippi The refuge is noted for its large waterfowl populations, resident game, and its numerous sloughs and wetlands.

Private John Allen STAMP NFH ■■Established 1901 ■■Tupelo, Mississippi The hatchery has been actively involved with fisheries conservation and restoration for over 100 years.

124 MISSISSIPPI

St. Catherine Creek STAMP ■■Established 1990 ■■Migratory Birds, Endangered Species ■■Natchez, Mississippi This 25,000-acre refuge is adjacent to the Mississippi River and experiences seasonal flooding during late winter and early spring. It is noted for wading birds, including wood storks, and shorebirds in summer and fall. Hiking trails are available year-round.

Tallahatchie STAMP ■■Established 1991 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Holcomb, Mississippi The refuge attracts large concentrations of waterfowl in the winter and a high diversity of wading birds and shorebirds in the spring, summer, and fall.

Theodore Roosevelt STAMP ■■Established 2004 ■■Omnibus Bill of 2004 ■■Rolling Fork, Mississippi Closed to public

125 MISSISSIPPI

Yazoo STAMP ■■Established 1936 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Greenville, Mississippi The refuge is noted for its large waterfowl populations, including significant resident wood duck numbers, and its variety of resident wildlife, comprising a healthy population of American alligators.

126 MISSOURI

Big Muddy National STAMP Fish and Wildlife Refuge ■■Established 1994 ■■Fish and Wildlife Resources ■■Columbia, Missouri The refuge is a string of habitat pearls in the lower Missouri River Valley that benefits floodplain-dependent fish and wildlife.

Clarence Cannon STAMP ■■Established 1964 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Annada, Missouri Located along the “mighty” Mississippi River, over 2,200 acres of managed refuge wetlands provide vital habitat for waterfowl, shorebirds, marsh and wading birds, and eagles.

Great River STAMP ■■Established 1958 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Annada, Missouri Located along the “mighty” Mississippi River, the managed wetlands and forests of the refuge are vital to hundreds of species of birds nesting or migrating along this “great” river. 127 MISSOURI

Loess Bluffs STAMP ■■Established 1935 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Mound City, Missouri

Time is measured at this refuge, located in the Missouri River Basin, by the annual migration of ducks, geese, and bald eagles. Public access to the refuge is restricted to the auto tour route and hiking trails.

Mingo STAMP ■■Established 1945 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Puxico, Missouri The refuge is managed to conserve 21,592 acres for migratory waterfowl and native populations of wildlife with 7,730 acres designated as wilderness.

Neosho NFH STAMP ■■Established 1888 ■■Neosho, Missouri The hatchery is the oldest operating national fish hatchery in the U.S.

128 MISSOURI

Ozark Cavefish STAMP ■■Established 1991 ■■Endangered Species ■■Lawrence County, Missouri

This 40-acre refuge provides critical habitat for declining populations of the threatened Ozark cavefish, endangered gray bat, and the brindle cave crayfish. / Closed to public

Pilot Knob STAMP ■■Established 1987 ■■Critical Habitat ■■Iron County, Missouri The refuge is managed to conserve iron mine shafts, which are critical habitat for the federally endangered Indiana bat and gray bat. / Closed to public

Swan Lake STAMP ■■Established 1937 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Sumner, Missouri The refuge wetlands support large numbers of waterfowl in spring and fall. Shorebirds, bald eagles, white pelicans, and white-tailed deer are common sightings. 129 MONTANA

Benton Lake STAMP ■■Established 1929 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Great Falls, Montana

Benton Lake WMD STAMP ■■Established 1974 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Great Falls, Montana

Black Coulee STAMP ■■Established 1938 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Harlem, Montana

130 MONTANA

Bowdoin STAMP ■■Established 1936 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Malta, Montana A 15-mile auto tour route takes visitors close to both water units and the native prairie.

Bowdoin WMD STAMP ■■Established 1973 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Malta, Montana

Charles M. Russell STAMP ■■Established 1936 ■■Resident Wildlife ■■Lewistown, Montana One million acres of the Missouri River connect with prairie, forest, and riparian wildlands.

131 MONTANA

Charles M. Russell STAMP WMD ■■Established 1979 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Lewistown, Montana

Creedman Coulee STAMP ■■Established 1941 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Havre, Montana

Creston NFH STAMP ■■Established 1936 ■■Creston, Montana Open to the public, Creston NFH welcomes visitors for a close- up view of the fish production process.

132 MONTANA

Ennis NFH STAMP ■■Established 1931 ■■Ennis, Montana Open to the public, Ennis NFH welcomes visitors for a close- up view of the fish production process.

Grass Lake STAMP ■■Established 1942 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Rapelje, Montana

Hailstone STAMP ■■Established 1942 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Rapelje, Montana

133 MONTANA

Hewitt Lake STAMP ■■Established 1938 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Malta, Montana Set aside as a protected area for migratory birds and other wildlife, the refuge consists of a small shallow lake, which is dry on occasion.

Lake Mason STAMP ■■Established 1941 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Roundup, Montana

Lake Thibadeau STAMP ■■Established 1937 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Havre, Montana

134 MONTANA

Lamesteer STAMP ■■Established 1942 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Wibaux, Montana Closed to public

Lee Metcalf STAMP ■■Established 1963 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Stevensville, Montana This 2,800-acre refuge manages the majority of Bitterroot Valley wetlands. Stevensville, its headquarters, was the first settlement in Montana and part of the passage Lewis and Clark took through the area.

Lost Trail STAMP ■■Established 1999 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Marion, Montana The refuge consists of prairie grassland surrounded by conifer forests and is home to elk and moose. Grizzly bears and wolves live in the area. Hunting opportunities are available.

135 MONTANA

Medicine Lake STAMP ■■Established 1935 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Medicine Lake, Montana Part of the prairie pothole region, this refuge supports large flocks of waterfowl during spring and fall migration. Many remain to nest and produce ducklings.

National Bison STAMP Range ■■Established 1908 ■■Bison ■■Moiese, Montana The refuge is home to a herd of 370 to 500 bison and other representative wildlife on 18,700 acres of native Palouse prairie.

Ninepipe STAMP ■■Established 1921 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Charlo, Montana A Montana Watchable Wildlife Site, the refuge is an excellent area to view waterfowl and other bird species. It also offers beautiful reflections of the local Mission Mountains. 136 MONTANA

Northeast Montana STAMP WMD ■■Established 1968 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Medicine Lake, Montana The district includes 45 Waterfowl Production Areas that are managed for nesting waterfowl and other migratory birds. It encompasses 12,000 acres of glaciated prairie wetlands and grasslands.

Northwest Montana STAMP WMD, Flathead ■■Established 1970 ■■Waterfowl Production/Wetland Preservation ■■Marion, Montana Thousands of waterfowl use these wetlands in the spring and fall for feeding and resting during long migratory flights. Open for hunting, fishing, environmental education and wildlife observation—especially photography.

137 MONTANA

Northwest Montana STAMP WMD, Lake ■■Established 1974 ■■Waterfowl Production/Wetland Preservation ■■Lake County, Montana Thousands of waterfowl use these wetlands in the spring and fall for feeding and resting during long migratory flights. Open for hunting, fishing, environmental education and wildlife observation—especially photography.

Northwest Montana STAMP WMD ■■Established 1970 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Moiese, Montana (southern units) ■■Marion, Montana (northern units) The district has 14 units consisting of glacier potholes, river, lake shore, and grasslands. It is open for waterfowl hunting.

138 MONTANA

Pablo STAMP ■■Established 1921 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Pablo, Montana The refuge is an excellent area to view waterfowl and other bird species.

Red Rock Lakes STAMP ■■Established 1935 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Lakeview, Montana The largest natural wetland system in the Greater Yellowstone Area, it provides refuge to thousands of migratory birds, including the trumpeter swan, and to native fish and moose.

Rocky Mountain STAMP Front Conservation Area ■■Established 2006 ■■Protect unique ecosystem ■■Great Falls, Montana Almost every wildlife species found during the Lewis and Clark expedition in 1806 can be found here now. / Closed to public

139 MONTANA

Swan River STAMP ■■Established 1973 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Swan Lake, Montana The refuge lies within a habitat corridor for grizzly bears, in the floodplain of the Swan River, above Swan Lake. It also serves as a sanctuary for migratory birds.

Swan Valley STAMP Conservation Area ■■Established 2012 ■■Protect coniferous forest ecosystem ■■Great Falls, Montana In addition to grizzly bears and gray wolves, the conservation area provides habitat for the harlequin duck, loon, grebe, greater sandhill crane and peregrine falcon. / Closed to public

140 MONTANA

UL Bend STAMP ■■Established 1969 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Phillips County, Montana

War Horse STAMP ■■Established 1959 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Winnett, Montana

141 NEBRASKA

Boyer Chute STAMP ■■Established 1996 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Ft. Calhoun, Nebraska Visitors enjoy trails and wildlife viewing.

Crescent Lake STAMP ■■Established 1931 ■■Migratory Birds and Wildlife ■■Oshkosh, Nebraska The 45,849-acre refuge and breeding ground for birds and wildlife is largely grasslands dotted with hundreds of permanent, semipermanent, and temporary wetlands.

Fort Niobrara STAMP ■■Established 1912 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Valentine, Nebraska The sandhills prairie meets the woodlands of the Niobrara River.

142 NEBRASKA

John W. and STAMP Louise Seier ■■Established 1999 ■■Benefit Migratory and Resident Wildlife ■■Rock County, Nebraska The refuge lies among the sandhills of Nebraska. / Closed to public

North Platte STAMP ■■Established 1916 ■■Native Birds ■■Scottsbluff, Nebraska The 2,722-acre refuge is a sanctuary and breeding ground for native birds.

Rainwater Basin STAMP WMD ■■Established 1963 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Kearney, Nebraska With 61 Waterfowl Productions Areas in 14 counties, this is one of the most important stopover areas for waterfowl. Two to 3 million geese and 7 to 9 million ducks use the area for a few weeks in spring. 143 NEBRASKA

Valentine STAMP ■■Established 1935 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Valentine, Nebraska The large expanse of sandhills prairie is home to both prairie chickens and sharp-tailed grouse.

144 NEVADA

Anaho Island STAMP ■■Established 1913 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Anaho Island, Nevada The refuge is a rocky island that rises from the waters of Pyramid Lake in Washoe County, Nevada. / Closed to public

Ash Meadows STAMP ■■Established 1984 ■■Endangered Species ■■Amargosa Valley, Nevada The refuge is a unique desert oasis comprised of thermal springs and wetlands restored for the benefit of species found nowhere else in the world.

Desert STAMP ■■Established 1936 ■■Endangered Species ■■Las Vegas, Nevada As the largest refuge in the contiguous United States, it provides and maintains high- quality, intact habitat for desert bighorn sheep.

145 NEVADA

Fallon STAMP ■■Established 1931 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Fallon, Nevada The refuge comprises over 15,000 acres of playa and wetland habitat.

Lahontan NFH STAMP ■■Established 1967 ■■Gardnerville, Nevada The hatchery produces Lahontan cutthroat trout.

Moapa Valley STAMP ■■Established 1979 ■■Endangered Species ■■Clark County, Nevada Cooperative conservation efforts are being employed for recovery of the endangered Moapa dace, a small fish found nowhere else in the world. / Closed to public

146 NEVADA

Pahranagat STAMP ■■Established 1963 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Alamo, Nevada Pahranagat, “valley of shining waters,” provides a treasure of natural resources, cultural connections, and habitat for migratory birds, wildlife, and people in the Great Basin Desert.

Ruby Lake STAMP ■■Established 1938 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Ruby Valley, Nevada The refuge lies on the flank of Nevada’s scenic Ruby Mountains. A pristine marsh provides essential habitat for nesting and migrating birds and native wildlife.

147 NEVADA

Sheldon STAMP ■■Established 1931 ■■Refuge and Breeding Ground for Wildlife ■■Denio, Nevada A massive expanse of high desert habitat, the refuge is home to pronghorn antelope, bighorn sheep, and a wide variety of other wildlife.

Stillwater STAMP ■■Established 1948 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Fallon, Nevada Diverse wetland habitat on the refuge attracts waterfowl and hundreds of thousands of shorebirds, such as long-billed dowitcher, black-necked stilt, and American avocet.

148 NEW HAMPSHIRE

Great Bay STAMP ■■Established 1992 ■■Endangered Species ■■Newington, New Hampshire Located on a former Air Force base, the refuge provides wintering habitat for bald eagles and black ducks, and wetlands and uplands for migrating and breeding birds.

John Hay STAMP ■■Established 1987 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Newbury, New Hampshire Recommended as a National Historic Site, the refuge includes the former estate of John Hay. Its habitat consists of undeveloped shoreline along Lake Sunapee.

Lake Umbagog STAMP ■■Established 1992 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Errol, New Hampshire A northern forest refuge of New Hampshire and Maine, it provides long-term conservation of important wetland/upland habitats for wildlife, migratory birds, and protected species. 149 NEW HAMPSHIRE

Nashua NFH STAMP ■■Nashua, New Hampshire The hatchery supports Atlantic salmon and other fish restoration efforts in the Merrimack River and other rivers in New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island.

Wapack STAMP ■■Established 1972 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Peterborough, New Hampshire The refuge is a noted hawk migration area and includes a segment of the 21-mile Wapack Trail.

150 NEW JERSEY

Cape May STAMP ■■Established 1989 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Cape May, New Jersey The refuge’s beach, grasslands, and forested habitat are important to thousands of migrating shorebirds, songbirds, and raptors.

Edwin B. Forsythe STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Oceanville, New Jersey Look for spectacular concentrations of migratory waterbirds at the refuge, as they rest and feast in a variety of habitats managed to meet their needs.

Great Swamp STAMP ■■Established 1960 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Basking Ridge, New Jersey Swamp woodland, hardwood ridges, cattail marshes, and grassland typify this 7,700-acre refuge.

151 NEW JERSEY

Supawna Meadows STAMP ■■Established 1974 ■■Migrating Birds ■■Pennsville, New Jersey Eighty percent of the refuge is brackish tidal marsh, which is important as a foraging site for thousands of wading birds, wintering waterfowl, and migrating shorebirds.

Wallkill River STAMP ■■Established 1990 ■■Migratory Birds, Biodiversity ■■Sussex, New Jersey The refuge serves as a rest stop for migrating birds and as breeding habitat for grassland birds, neotropical migrants, and wood ducks.

152 NEW MEXICO

Bitter Lake STAMP ■■Established 1937 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Roswell, New Mexico A variety of aquatic habitats provide a refuge and breeding ground for migratory birds, endangered species, and other wildlife in the Pecos River Valley.

Bosque del Apache STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Socorro, New Mexico The refuge serves as a wintering area for thousands of sandhill cranes, snow geese, and ducks. It is also a migratory stopover for songbirds, shorebirds, and wading birds in spring and fall.

Dexter NFH STAMP ■■Established 1931 ■■Dexter, New Mexico Originally established as a facility to raise fish for game, this hatchery now houses and protects endangered fish species.

153 NEW MEXICO

Grulla STAMP ■■Established 1969 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Arch, New Mexico When sufficient water is present, large concentrations of sandhill cranes and a variety of migratory birds can be observed in the large saline lake bed.

Las Vegas STAMP ■■Established 1965 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Las Vegas, New Mexico The refuge sits at the base of the Sangre de Cristo Mountain Range and on the edge of the Great Plains.

Maxwell STAMP ■■Established 1965 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Maxwell, New Mexico The refuge serves as a haven and breeding ground for migratory birds and other resident wildlife.

154 NEW MEXICO

Mora NFH ■■Mora, New Mexico The hatchery is dedicated to the restoration and recovery of the endangered Gila trout, a fish found only in the upper headwaters of the Gila River.

San Andres STAMP ■■Established 1941 ■■Desert Bighorn Sheep ■■Las Cruces, New Mexico Beautiful Chihuahuan desert with minimal human disturbance, the refuge has very steep, rocky desert mountain terrain. / Closed to public

Sevilleta STAMP ■■Established 1973 ■■Habitat Restoration and Preservation ■■Socorro, New Mexico The refuge is a premier living laboratory for resident wildlife, endangered species, and ecological research.

155 NEW MEXICO

Valle de Oro STAMP ■■Established 2012 ■■Wildlife protection in urban environment ■■Albuquerque, New Mexico This urban jewel provides nature trails for wildlife observation and photography, environmental education, special events and celebrations. The refuge offers spectacular vistas of the Sandi Mountains, Vulcan volcano tubes and the lush Rio Grande bosque.

156 NEW YORK

Amagansett STAMP ■■Established 1968 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Amagansett, New York The 36-acre refuge on Long Island is of special significance in the protection and management of fragile shore habitat and wildlife. Many rare plants, including several orchids, occur on the refuge.

Conscience Point STAMP ■■Established 1971 ■■Migratory Birds ■■North Sea, New York Due to its coastal location, the refuge is heavily used by migratory songbirds, shorebirds, and raptors. It also supports endangered and threatened species. / Closed to public

157 NEW YORK

Elizabeth A. Morton STAMP ■■Established 1954 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Sag Harbor, New York The refuge boasts exceptionally diverse habitats, including bay beach, a brackish pond, a freshwater pond, kettle holes, tidal flats, salt marsh, freshwater marsh, shrub, grasslands, maritime oak forest, and red cedar.

Iroquois STAMP ■■Established 1958 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Alabama, New York The refuge is managed as a resting, nesting, feeding, and staging area for migratory waterfowl.

Montezuma STAMP ■■Established 1938 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Seneca Falls, New York The refuge is the site of the first bald eagle hacking program. It attracts thousands of waterfowl and waterbirds during migration.

158 NEW YORK

Oyster Bay STAMP ■■Established 1968 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Oyster Bay, New York The refuge consists of high- quality marine habitats that support a variety of aquatic- dependent wildlife.

Seatuck STAMP ■■Established 1968 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Islip, New York Closed to public The refuge is an oasis for many species of migratory birds and waterfowl, viewable from the highway.

159 NEW YORK

Shawangunk STAMP Grasslands ■■Established 1999 ■■Migratory birds and wintering raptors ■■Wallkill, New York The premier location in southern New York for nesting grassland birds, the refuge is managed for species that require large open grassland habitat to breed, such as the grasshopper and savannah sparrow, the upland sandpiper and the eastern meadowlark. The refuge is open to seasonal deer hunting.

Target Rock STAMP ■■Established 1967 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Huntington, New York The refuge’s forests come alive each spring with the arrival of migrating warblers.

160 NEW YORK

Wertheim STAMP ■■Established 1947 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Shirley, New York The refuge supports eight federal and/or New York State protected species and contains one of the last undeveloped estuary systems remaining on Long Island.

161 NORTH CAROLINA

Alligator River STAMP ■■Established 1984 ■■Unique Wetland Type, Migratory Birds ■■Manteo, North Carolina The refuge is known for pocosin wetlands, black bears, paddling trails, a variety of migratory birds, including waterfowl, marsh birds and songbirds, and the re-establishment of the red wolf.

Cedar Island STAMP ■■Established 1964 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Cedar Island, North Carolina Expansive marshes, longleaf pine forests, and sand beaches provide a wide variety of wildlife habitats. A number of species of rail, including the rare black rail, nest on the refuge.

Currituck STAMP ■■Established 1984 ■■Migratory Birds The beach, dune, maritime forest, and marsh habitats of the refuge provide a variety of wildlife- oriented recreational opportu- nities, such as birding, surf fishing, and nature photography. 162 NORTH CAROLINA

Edenton NFH STAMP ■■Established 1898 ■■Edenton, North Carolina The hatchery produces warm- water fish species for Virginia, the Carolinas, and the Atlantic Coast. It has a public aquarium, 36 ponds, and a wetland boardwalk.

Mackay Island STAMP ■■Established 1960 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Knotts Island, North Carolina One of the largest, contiguous brackish-water marshes in North Carolina supporting a variety of wildlife of the marsh ecosystem.

Mattamuskeet STAMP ■■Established 1934 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Swan Quarter, North Carolina The refuge’s main feature is the shallow 40,000-acre Lake Mattamuskeet, the largest natural lake in North Carolina. Over 100,000 waterfowl, including thousands of tundra swans, winter on the refuge. 163 NORTH CAROLINA

Mountain Bogs STAMP ■■Established 2015 ■■Preserve Mountain Bog Habitat ■■Round Oak, Georgia The refuge conserves one of North America’s rarest habitats – southern Appalachian Mountain bogs. Today only a fraction of the bog acreage remains to support such endangered species as the bog turtle, green pitcher and mountain sweet pitcher plants, swamp pink and bunched arrowhead. / Closed to public

Pea Island STAMP ■■Established 1937 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Hatteras Island, North Carolina Wildlife enthusiasts love this birder’s paradise, especially during the spectacular fall migration. However, Pea Island is for the birds year-round.

164 NORTH CAROLINA

Pee Dee STAMP ■■Established 1963 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Wadesboro, North Carolina The refuge supports a broad range of wildlife species, including over 180 birds, 49 amphibians and reptiles, 28 mammals, and 20 fish.

Pocosin Lakes STAMP ■■Established 1990 ■■Migratory Birds, Unique Ecosystem ■■Columbia, North Carolina The refuge provides a rich haven for migratory birds, the recently reintroduced red wolf, and resident wildlife.

165 NORTH CAROLINA

Roanoke River STAMP ■■Established 1989 ■■Migratory Birds, Anadromous Fish ■■Corolla, North Carolina ■■Windsor, North Carolina The refuge is part of a 92,000- acre protected area along the Roanoke River involving varied ownerships. It is home to the largest inland heron rookery in the state, as well as to a diversity of fish species, including anadromous fish.

Swanquarter STAMP ■■Established 1932 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Swan Quarter, North Carolina The refuge is comprised of large expanses of marsh and islands in Pamlico Sound. Forester’s, common, and royal tern nest on the islands. A 1,000-ft. pier is available for fishing and wildlife viewing.

166 NORTH DAKOTA

Why does North Dakota have so many refuges? The prairie pothole region is incredibly productive as a place for waterfowl nesting. Each spring, rain fills depressions to create temporary wetlands just long enough for ducks to produce a new brood of ducklings. After the summer, they are ready to migrate south for the winter. North Dakota’s refuges and production areas are managed to sustain migratory waterfowl. Lots of other resident tallgrass prairie wildlife prosper as a result. Most of these refuges have no facilities for visitors, as they are closed to public use.

Appert Lake STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Hazelton, North Dakota Closed to public

Ardoch STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Ardoch, North Dakota Closed to public

167 NORTH DAKOTA

Arrowwood STAMP ■■Established 1935 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Pingree, North Dakota The refuge lies on a main migration corridor in the Central Flyway and is an important stopover for many species of migratory birds.

Arrowwood WMD STAMP ■■Established 1961 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Pingree, North Dakota Waterfowl Production Areas offer many opportunities for wildlife observation, hiking, hunting, photography, winter sports, and education and interpretation.

Audubon STAMP ■■Established 1956 ■■Migratory Birds, Endangered Species ■■Coleharbor, North Dakota The refuge played a large part in the giant Canada goose restoration program. Thousands of waterfowl and shorebirds and hundreds of sandhill cranes pass through the refuge during spring and fall migration. 168 NORTH DAKOTA

Audubon WMD STAMP ■■Established 1962 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Coleharbor, North Dakota Located in the prairie pothole region, these grasslands and wetlands in McLean, Ward, and Sheridan counties provide a sanctuary for waterfowl and other migratory birds.

Bone Hill Creek STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Jud, North Dakota Closed to public

Brumba STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Perth, North Dakota Closed to public

169 NORTH DAKOTA

Buffalo Lake STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Umbarger, North Dakota Closed to public

Camp Lake STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■McLean County, North Dakota Closed to public

Canfield Lake STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Regan, North Dakota Closed to public

170 NORTH DAKOTA

Chase Lake STAMP ■■Established 1908 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Woodworth, North Dakota The refuge supports the largest nesting colony of white pelicans in North America.

Chase Lake WMD STAMP ■■Established 1960 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Woodworth, North Dakota Over 82,000 wetland and grassland acres are protected in the district.

Cottonwood Lake STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Upham, North Dakota Closed to public

171 NORTH DAKOTA

Crosby WMD STAMP ■■Established 1962 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Crosby, North Dakota The management district is located in a three-county area of northwestern North Dakota and includes 96 Waterfowl Production Areas, covering 19,000 acres.

Dakota Grassland STAMP Conservation Area ■■Established 2011 ■■Protect wetland and grassland habitat ■■Coleharbor, North Dakota This area provides opportunities for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to work with private landowners to accelerate conservation of native prairie in the Prairie Pothole region, critical to supporting migratory birds. / Closed to public

Dakota Lake STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Ludden, North Dakota Closed to public

172 NORTH DAKOTA

Des Lacs STAMP ■■Established 1935 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Kenmare, North Dakota French for “of the lakes,” Des Lacs is a 26-mile river valley with three natural lakes.

Devils Lake WMD STAMP ■■Established 1962 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Devils Lake, North Dakota Located in the heart of the prairie pothole region, the district provides nesting and feeding habitats for waterfowl in spring and summer.

Florence Lake STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Wing, North Dakota The refuge attracts significant numbers of waterfowl during the fall migration. It is also an important migratory bird production area.

173 NORTH DAKOTA

Garrison Dam STAMP NFH ■■Established 1957 ■■Riverdale, North Dakota Open to the public, the hatchery welcomes visitors for a close- up view of the fish production process.

Halfway Lake STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Medina, North Dakota Closed to public

Hiddenwood STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Ryder, North Dakota Closed to public

174 NORTH DAKOTA

Hobart Lake STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Valley City, North Dakota Closed to public

Hutchinson Lake STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Tuttle, North Dakota Closed to public

J. Clark Salyer STAMP ■■Established 1935 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Upham, North Dakota This large, diverse refuge is a major production and migration area for waterfowl and other migratory birds.

175 NORTH DAKOTA

J. Clark Salyer STAMP WMD ■■Established 1962 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Upham, North Dakota This large district along the Canadian border in north-central North Dakota contains diverse habitat for a wide variety of bird species.

Johnson Lake STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■McHenry, North Dakota Closed to public

Kellys Slough STAMP ■■Established 1936 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Grand Forks, North Dakota A short trail system near the main observation platform is the only public access to the refuge.

176 NORTH DAKOTA

Kulm WMD STAMP ■■Established 1971 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Kulm, North Dakota Located in the heart of the prairie pothole region, the district includes part of the Missouri Coteau, an area of extremely high waterfowl production.

Lake Alice STAMP ■■Established 1935 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Starkweather, North Dakota The refuge is a major waterfowl concentration point during migration, as well as a significant breeding area for wetland wildlife.

Lake George STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Crystal Springs, North Dakota Closed to public

177 NORTH DAKOTA

Lake Ilo STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Dunn Center, North Dakota Lake Ilo is the centerpiece of this 4,034-acre refuge in Dunn County. Prairie, wetlands, and planted trees attract abundant wildlife, and the lake provides recreational opportunities.

Lake Nettie STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■McLean County, North Dakota Closed to public

Lake Otis STAMP ■■Established 1935 ■■Migratory Birds ■■McLean County, North Dakota Closed to public

178 NORTH DAKOTA

Lake Patricia STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Wetland Preservation/ Waterfowl Protection ■■Dunn Center, North Dakota In the heart of the Prairie Pothole region, this refuge consists of easements on privately owned land. Landowners work with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to provide food, shelter and nesting sites for waterfowl and other birds. / Closed to public

Lake Zahl STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Zahl, North Dakota Mixed grass native prairie and semipermanent wetlands are home to both waterfowl and a variety of prairie passerines.

Lambs Lake STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Nelson County, North Dakota Closed to public

179 NORTH DAKOTA

Little Goose STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Niagara, North Dakota Closed to public

Long Lake STAMP ■■Established 1932 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Moffit, North Dakota Designated as a Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network Site and a Globally Important Bird Area, the refuge is recognized as one of the nation’s “Top 10” birding hot spots.

Long Lake WMD STAMP ■■Established 1958 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Moffit, North Dakota The district encompasses three counties in south-central North Dakota, an area famed for its wealth of waterfowl-producing potholes and native prairie grasslands.

180 NORTH DAKOTA

Lords Lake STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Rolette, North Dakota Closed to public

Lost Lake STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■McLean County, North Dakota Closed to public

Lostwood STAMP ■■Established 1935 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Kenmare, North Dakota The refuge has some of the best waterfowl production and nesting habitat for piping plover in the lower 48 states.

181 NORTH DAKOTA

Lostwood WMD STAMP ■■Established 1962 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Kenmare, North Dakota

Maple River STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Ellendale, North Dakota Some waterfowl production areas on the refuge are open to hunting, wildlife observation, and photography. / Closed to public

McLean STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■McLean County, North Dakota Closed to public

182 NORTH DAKOTA

North Dakota STAMP WMA ■■Established 2000 ■■Prairie preservation ■■Lewiston, North Dakota This area was established to protect the last remaining blocks of native, mixed-grass prairie in the Cocteau, a hilly area along the Missouri River. / Closed to public

Pleasant Lake STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Pleasant Lake, North Dakota Closed to public

Pretty Rock STAMP ■■Established 1941 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Grant County, North Dakota Closed to public

183 NORTH DAKOTA

Rabb Lake STAMP ■■Established 1937 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Rolette, North Dakota Closed to public

Rock Lake STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Rock Lake, North Dakota Closed to public

Rose Lake STAMP ■■Established 1935 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Lakota, North Dakota Closed to public

184 NORTH DAKOTA

School Section Lake STAMP ■■Migratory Birds ■■Rolette County, North Dakota Closed to public

Shell Lake STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Stanley, North Dakota Closed to public

Sheyenne Lake STAMP ■■Established 1935 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Sheridan County, North Dakota Closed to public

185 NORTH DAKOTA

Sibley Lake STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Binford, North Dakota Closed to public

Silver Lake STAMP ■■Established 1937 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Church’s Ferry, North Dakota Closed to public

Slade STAMP ■■Established 1942 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Dawson, North Dakota The refuge is comprised of 3,000 acres of gently rolling hills dotted with numerous lakes and marshes formed by glacial action.

186 NORTH DAKOTA

Snyder Lake STAMP ■■Established 1941 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Egeland, North Dakota Closed to public

Springwater STAMP ■■Established 1941 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Linton, North Dakota Closed to public

Stewart Lake STAMP ■■Established 1941 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Slope County, North Dakota Closed to public

187 NORTH DAKOTA

Stoney Slough STAMP ■■Established 1941 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Litchville, North Dakota Closed to public

Storm Lake STAMP ■■Established 1941 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Milnor, North Dakota Closed to public

Stump Lake STAMP ■■Established 1905 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Tolna, North Dakota Closed to public

188 NORTH DAKOTA

Sullys Hill National STAMP Game Preserve ■■Established 1921 ■■Big Game, Migratory Birds ■■Fort Totten, North Dakota Forest scenery, bison, elk, deer, numerous birds, and a prairie dog observation tower are the top attractions at the refuge.

Sunburst Lake STAMP ■■Established 1941 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Linton, North Dakota Closed to public

Tewaukon STAMP ■■Established 1945 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Cayuga, North Dakota Located in the prairie pothole region, the refuge is noted for production of waterfowl.

189 NORTH DAKOTA

Tewaukon WMD STAMP ■■Established 1960 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Ransom, Richland, and Sargent Counties, North Dakota

Tomahawk STAMP ■■Established 1941 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Rogers, North Dakota Closed to public

Upper Souris STAMP ■■Established 1935 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Foxholm, North Dakota The refuge is an excellent example of northern mixed grass prairie and riparian landscapes with species characteristic of an Upper Midwest glaciated river valley.

190 NORTH DAKOTA

Valley City NFH STAMP ■■Established 1938 ■■Valley City, North Dakota Fish reared at this hatchery are used as stock for the Missouri River Dam development project, national wildlife refuges, Indian waters, and the state programs of North Dakota.

Valley City WMD STAMP ■■Established 1971 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Valley City, North Dakota The Sheyenne River Valley offers a unique wildlife observation opportunity.

White Lake STAMP ■■Established 1941 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Slope County, North Dakota Closed to public

191 NORTH DAKOTA

Wild Rice Lake STAMP ■■Established 1945 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Cayuga, North Dakota Closed to public

Willow Lake STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Dunseith, North Dakota Closed to public

Wintering River STAMP ■■Established 1941 ■■Migratory Birds ■■McHenry County, North Dakota Closed to public

192 NORTH DAKOTA

Wood Lake STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Tokio, North Dakota Closed to public

193 OHIO

Cedar Point STAMP ■■Established 1964 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Oregon, Ohio The refuge’s 2000-acre marsh provides a resting spot for thousands of migrating waterfowl each year. Most of the refuge is closed to the public; however, a fishing area is open from June–August.

Ottawa STAMP ■■Established 1961 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Oak Harbor, Ohio The refuge provides many wildlife viewing opportunities, including bald eagles, migratory songbirds, shorebirds, and waterfowl.

West Sister Island STAMP ■■Established 1937 ■■Heron Rookery ■■Lake Erie, Ohio This 83-acre island is a wilderness area and the site of the largest colonial wading bird colony in the U.S. Great Lakes. / Closed to public

194 OKLAHOMA

Deep Fork STAMP ■■Established 1993 ■■Migratory Birds, Bottomland Hardwoods ■■Okmulgee, Oklahoma The refuge protects bottomland hardwood forest and emergent wetland habitat along the Deep Fork River.

Little River STAMP ■■Established 1987 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Broken Bow, Oklahoma The refuge protects and preserves the largest remaining tract of bottomland hardwood forest habitat in the state, which supports migratory waterfowl and resident wildlife.

Optima STAMP ■■Established 1975 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Hardesty, Oklahoma The refuge provides important breeding and nesting habitat for a variety of neotropical songbirds and raptors.

195 OKLAHOMA

Ozark Plateau STAMP ■■Established 1985 ■■Endangered Species ■■Vian, Oklahoma The refuge was established to protect and aid in the recovery of federally listed endangered and threatened Ozark cave-dwelling species and to protect stands of Ozark forest essential to migratory birds. / Closed to public

Salt Plains STAMP ■■Established 1930 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Jet, Oklahoma The selenite crystal, with its unique hourglass formation, is found only at Salt Plains, drawing visitors from around the world to unearth their own treasure.

Sequoyah STAMP ■■Established 1970 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Vian, Oklahoma The refuge provides wintering habitat for thousands of ducks and geese and is a favorite destination for hunting, fishing, and birdwatching enthusiasts.

196 OKLAHOMA

Tishomingo STAMP ■■Established 1946 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Tishomingo, Oklahoma Autumn offers views of the southbound flights of migratory birds, as well as the spectacle of migrating monarch butterflies that cling to the willows near Cumberland Pool on their way to wintering grounds in Mexico.

Tishomingo NFH STAMP ■■Tishomingo, Oklahoma The hatchery works toward evaluating and restoring important fishery resources, including paddlefish, alligator gar, and leopard darter.

Washita STAMP ■■Established 1961 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Butler, Oklahoma In addition to abundant resident wildlife, up to 100,000 migratory geese winter at the refuge.

197 OKLAHOMA

Wichita Mountains STAMP Wildlife Refuge ■■Established 1901 ■■Wildlife Conservation ■■Indiahoma, Oklahoma Free-roaming bison, elk, longhorn, deer, and turkey inhabit this grassland prairie ecosystem.

198 OREGON

Ankeny STAMP ■■Established 1965 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Jefferson, Oregon The refuge provides high-quality wintering habitat for Canada geese and other waterfowl.

Bandon Marsh STAMP ■■Established 1981 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Bandon, Oregon This refuge protects mudflats, forested wetlands, and salt marsh along the Coquille River estuary and is important to migratory shorebirds, waterfowl, amphibians, and anadromous fish.

Baskett Slough STAMP ■■Established 1965 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Dallas, Oregon Large concentrations of geese, swans, and ducks spend winter on this refuge, located in Oregon’s Willamette Valley.

199 OREGON

Bear Valley STAMP ■■Established 1978 ■■Endangered Species ■■Klamath County, Oregon Up to 300 bald eagles use the refuge as a night roost in winter.

Cape Meares STAMP ■■Established 1938 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Newport, Oregon This 138-acre headland protects old growth Sitka spruce and western hemlock forest. Accessible observation decks provide views of whales, seabirds, peregrine falcons, and bald eagles.

Cold Springs STAMP ■■Established 1909 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Hermiston, Oregon The 3,117-acre refuge with its tree-lined reservoir and mix of habitats serves as an important wintering area for migratory waterfowl.

200 OREGON

Eagle Creek NFH STAMP ■■Established 1956 ■■Estacada, Oregon The hatchery rears and releases anadromous salmon to support commercial, sport, ocean, and river fisheries and to restore salmonids in watersheds in which they have become extinct.

Hart Mountain STAMP National Antelope Refuge ■■Established 1936 ■■Pronghorn Antelope ■■Plush, Oregon The steep mountain face of the refuge is home to bighorn sheep, while the gently sloped eastern portions are favored by pronghorn antelope and sage grouse.

Klamath Marsh STAMP ■■Established 1958 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Sand Creek, Oregon The refuge preserves natural marsh for breeding and migratory waterbirds. 201 OREGON

Malheur STAMP ■■Established 1908 ■■Native Bird Preservation and Breeding Grounds ■■Princeton, Oregon An oasis in the desert, the refuge is famous for its tremendous diversity and spectacular concentrations of wildlife.

McKay Creek STAMP ■■Established 1927 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Pendleton, Oregon The refuge is a large reservoir at the foot of the Blue Mountains in arid northeastern Oregon.

Nestucca Bay STAMP ■■Established 1991 ■■Endangered Species, Migratory Birds ■■Pacific City, Oregon The managed pastures, wooded uplands, salt marsh, wetlands, and sphagnum bogs are important to wintering Aleutian cackling geese, dusky Canada geese, juvenile salmonids, and amphibians. / Closed to public

202 OREGON

Oregon Islands STAMP ■■Established 1935 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Newport, Oregon Comprised of 1,853 rocks and islands and two headlands, this refuge and wilderness area protects habitat for 13 seabird species and four pinniped species. / Closed to public (Wildlife viewing at Coquille Point)

Siletz Bay STAMP ■■Established 1991 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Lincoln City, Oregon The estuarine refuge protects salt marsh, tidal sloughs, mudflats, and coniferous forest for shorebirds, waterfowl, and anadromous fish. / Closed to public

Three Arch Rocks STAMP ■■Established 1907 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Oceanside, Oregon The oldest refuge west of the Mississippi supports breeding populations of threatened Steller sea lions and Oregon’s largest nesting colonies of tufted puffins and common murres. The refuge can be viewed from Cape Meares Refuge or Oceanside State Park. / Closed to public 203 OREGON

Tualatin River STAMP ■■Established 1992 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Sherwood, Oregon The refuge preserves, protects, and restores floodplain habitats within the metropolitan area of Portland. Look for migratory waterfowl in winter and migratory songbirds in spring.

Umatilla STAMP ■■Established 1969 ■■Habitat Mitigation ■■Umatilla, Oregon A large mule deer herd and concentrations of wintering waterfowl are found on the refuge.

Upper Klamath STAMP ■■Established 1928 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Klamath Falls, Oregon The refuge maintains natural habitats for marsh breeding and migratory birds.

204 OREGON

Wapato Lake STAMP ■■Established 2013 ■■Protect/Restore Lake and Marsh Habitat ■■Sherwood, Oregon Hundreds of tundra swans visit Wapato Lake in the winter. Swallows, bats and hawks race through the summer air. / Closed to public

Warm Springs STAMP NFH ■■Established 1966 ■■Warm Springs, Oregon The hatchery programs include stocking and monitoring Chinook salmon.

William L. Finley STAMP ■■Established 1964 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Corvallis, Oregon The refuge is restoring native oak savanna and wet prairie habitats.

205 PENNSYLVANIA

Allegheny NFH STAMP ■■Warren, Pennsylvania

Cherry Valley STAMP ■■Established 2010 ■■Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania The Cherry Creek valley in northeastern Pennsylvania is rich in natural resources and wildlife diversity. Friends of Cherry Valley advocated for the establishment of the refuge and now host an annual Cherry Valley Day. The refuge is open for hiking, hunting and wildlife observation.

Erie STAMP ■■Established 1959 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Guys Mills, Pennsylvania Over 230 species of birds, 47 species of mammals, and 37 species of amphibians and reptiles are found on the refuge.

206 PENNSYLVANIA

John Heinz at STAMP Tinicum ■■Established 1972 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Environmental education is a major focus for the urban refuge.

207 PUERTO RICO & THE VIRGIN ISLANDS

Buck Island STAMP ■■Established 1969 ■■Migratory Birds ■■St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands The refuge is characterized by a thorn scrub habitat with rocky coastline. The waters surrounding it contain reefs and a shipwreck that attract large numbers of snorkelers, divers, and boaters.

Cabo Rojo STAMP ■■Established 1974 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Boqueron, Puerto Rico Birders may observe endangered yellow-shouldered blackbirds and several tropical species.

Culebra STAMP ■■Established 1909 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Culebra Island, Puerto Rico Thirteen species of seabirds, numbering more than 50,000, find their way to the refuge every year to breed and care for their young. Three species of sea turtles use the waters surrounding the island and nest on refuge beaches. 208 PUERTO RICO & THE VIRGIN ISLANDS

Desecheo STAMP ■■Established 1976 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Desecheo Island, Puerto Rico Closed to public

Green Cay STAMP ■■Established 1977 ■■Endangered Species ■■St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands The 14-acre refuge was established to protect the natural population of the endangered St. Croix ground lizard, as well as to preserve bird nesting habitat.

Laguna Cartagena STAMP ■■Established 1989 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Boqueron, Puerto Rico The refuge is an important freshwater habitat for migrating and aquatic birds in Puerto Rico.

209 PUERTO RICO & THE VIRGIN ISLANDS

Navassa Island STAMP ■■Established 1999 ■■Coral Reef Ecosystems, Marine Environment ■■Navassa Island Closed to public

Sandy Point STAMP ■■Established 1984 ■■Migratory Birds ■■St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands Sandy beach, deep nearshore water, and lack of fringing reef provide ideal conditions and nesting habitat for leatherback sea turtles.

Vieques STAMP ■■Established 2001(West), 2003 (East) ■■Wildlife, Endangered Species ■■Vieques Island, Puerto Rico Hot sands along its undeveloped beaches make the refuge an ideal nesting site for leatherback, hawksbill, and green sea turtles.

210 RHODE ISLAND

Block Island STAMP ■■Established 1973 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Block Island, Rhode Island The refuge is most noted for the more than 70 species of migratory songbirds that visit the area each fall. Located in the Atlantic Flyway, it is a stopover for many young, inexperienced songbirds that “overfly” the mainland on their migration south.

John H. Chafee at STAMP Pettaquamscutt Cove ■■Established 1988 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Narragansett/South Kingstown, Rhode Island The 317-acre refuge provides habitat for the largest black duck population in the state. It contains expansive saltmarsh habitats and adjacent uplands.

211 RHODE ISLAND

Ninigret STAMP ■■Established 1970 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Charlestown, Rhode Island From salt marshes, kettle ponds, freshwater wetlands, maritime shrublands, and forests dominated by oak or maple, habitat is varied and plentiful.

Sachuest Point STAMP ■■Established 1970 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Middletown, Rhode Island The refuge is known for its fantastic saltwater fishing and the presence of the largest winter population of harlequin ducks on the East Coast.

Trustom Pond STAMP ■■Established 1974 ■■Migratory Birds ■■South Kingstown, Rhode Island The refuge protects Rhode Island’s only undeveloped salt pond. It also serves as home to the threatened piping plover and several other rare species, including osprey, least terns, and the state’s only population of Fowler’s toad. 212 SOUTH CAROLINA

Bears Bluff NFH STAMP ■■Established 1981 ■■Wadmalaw Island, South Carolina Located on the banks of the N. Edisto River, the hatchery tank-cultures the endangered shortnose sturgeon for research purposes and pond-raises red drum for stock enhancement.

Cape Romain STAMP ■■Established 1932 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Awendaw, South Carolina By furnishing habitat for a great variety of birds and other wildlife, the refuge has become one of the most important wildlife areas on the Atlantic Coast.

Carolina Sandhills STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■McBee, South Carolina Visitors to the refuge may observe some of the 100+ family groups of endangered red-cockaded woodpeckers.

213 SOUTH CAROLINA

Ernest F. Hollings STAMP ACE Basin ■■Established 1990 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Hollywood, South Carolina Located at the confluence of the Ashepoo, Combahee, and Edisto Rivers, the refuge encompasses 12,000 acres of managed wetlands, bottomland hardwoods, and upland forests.

Orangeburg NFH STAMP ■■Established 1911 ■■Orangeburg, South Carolina The hatchery raises between 3 to 4 million striped bass yearly.

Pinckney Island STAMP ■■Established 1975 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Pinckney Island, South Carolina A trail network enhances wildlife observation for hikers and bicyclers.

214 SOUTH CAROLINA

Santee STAMP ■■Established 1941 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Summerton, South Carolina Although established for migratory waterfowl, the refuge also provides habitat for a variety of other migratory and native species.

Tybee STAMP ■■Established 1938 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Oyster Bed Island, South Carolina Closed to public

Waccamaw STAMP ■■Established 1997 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Georgetown, South Carolina Visitors can see historic rice fields along with other wetland habitats, including blackwater forested wetlands and tidal freshwater wetlands.

215 SOUTH DAKOTA

Bear Butte STAMP ■■Established 1937 ■■Migratory birds ■■Sturgis, South Dakota The region is sacred to Native Americans of the plains. Bear Butte was an important landmark and religious site for plains Indian tribes, who call the butte Mato Paha, or Bear Mountain. Bear Butte Lake is on the refuge; the butte itself is not. A trail to the summit is in Bear Butte State Park.

Dakota Tallgrass STAMP Prairie WMA ■■Established 2000 ■■Habitat Protection ■■Waubay, South Dakota This management area is a network of perpetual easements preserving high-quality tallgrass prairie habitat and its associated wildlife throughout 32 counties in eastern North and South Dakota. / Closed to public

216 SOUTH DAKOTA

D.C. Booth Historic STAMP NFH ■■Established 1896 ■■Spearfish, South Dakota The hatchery is one of the oldest operating hatcheries in the country dedicated to fish culture and resource management. The Von Bayer Museum of Fish Culture is located at the hatchery.

Gavins Point STAMP NFH ■■Established 1961 ■■Yankton, South Dakota The hatchery raises cold, cool, and warm water fish, as well as paddlefish and endangered pallid sturgeon.

Huron WMD STAMP ■■Established 1992 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Huron, South Dakota Sixty-two tracts of land are managed as waterfowl production areas in this 8-county district.

217 SOUTH DAKOTA

Karl E. Mundt STAMP ■■Established 1975 ■■Endangered Species ■■Lake Andes, South Dakota The refuge protects wintering and nesting bald eagles and rare Missouri River bottomland habitat. / Closed to public

Lacreek STAMP ■■Established 1935 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Martin, South Dakota Wetlands and meadows at the base of the sandhills provide abundant habitat for migratory and resident species.

218 SOUTH DAKOTA

Lacreek WMD STAMP ■■Established 1935 ■■Migratory birds ■■Martin, South Dakota Thousands of ducks and geese migrate through the refuge during spring and fall, along with trumpeter swans, whooping cranes, bald eagles and other raptors. In late spring/summer, it is possible to view a white pelican breeding colony along the Pelican Island Trail. There is also an auto tour route, fishing and hunting.

Lake Andes STAMP ■■Established 1936 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Lake Andes, South Dakota The refuge supports a very high density of nesting ducks and a broad spectrum of wildlife found in the prairie pothole region of North America.

219 SOUTH DAKOTA

Lake Andes WMD STAMP ■■Established 1963 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Lake Andes, South Dakota The wetland management district protects land for hunting and wildlife observation as well as habitat important to our nation’s waterfowl population.

Madison WMD STAMP ■■Established 1962 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Madison, South Dakota The district is managed to benefit endangered species, migratory birds, and other wildlife.

Sand Lake STAMP ■■Established 1935 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Columbia, South Dakota The refuge has 21,498 acres of prime wildlife habitat, including open lakes and wetlands, grasslands, woodlands, and croplands.

220 SOUTH DAKOTA

Sand Lake WMD STAMP ■■Established 1961 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Columbia, South Dakota This district is the largest Wetland Management District in the country, comprised of 162 waterfowl production areas totaling 45,000 acres.

Waubay STAMP ■■Established 1935 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Waubay, South Dakota The central location of the refuge within North America gives visitors the chance to see a mix of eastern, western, northern, and southern species.

Waubay WMD STAMP ■■Established 1959 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Waubay, South Dakota Located within six counties in northeastern South Dakota, the district includes more than 300 waterfowl production areas.

221 TENNESSEE

Chickasaw STAMP ■■Established 1985 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Ripley, Tennessee The refuge provides habitat for migratory birds and resident wildlife in western Tennessee.

Cross Creeks STAMP ■■Established 1962 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Dover, Tennessee Lying along the Cumberland River, the refuge supports 650 species of plants and 480 species of birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians.

Dale Hollow STAMP NFH ■■Established 1965 ■■Celina, Tennessee The hatchery produces rainbow, brown, lake, and brook trout for mitigation of federal water development projects constructed in Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama.

222 TENNESSEE

Erwin National STAMP NFH ■■Established 1894 ■■Erwin, Tennessee The hatchery produces 10 million disease-free eggs annually for federal, state, and tribal hatcheries to support their fishery management efforts.

Hatchie STAMP ■■Established 1964 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Brownsville, Tennessee The refuge preserves 9,400 acres of bottomland hardwoods along the scenic Hatchie River.

Lake Isom STAMP ■■Established 1938 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Union City, Tennessee Bountiful waterfowl and fishery resources make the lake a haven for both nesting and wintering bald eagles.

223 TENNESSEE

Lower Hatchie STAMP ■■Established 1980 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Henning, Tennessee Wildlife and fisheries thrive in the refuge’s almost pristine watershed ecosystems.

Reelfoot STAMP ■■Established 1941 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Union City, Tennessee The Canada goose, an abundant winter visitor to the refuge, normally reaches populations of 50,000–100,000 during January.

Tennessee STAMP ■■Established 1945 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Paris, Tennessee Superimposed on the lands and waters of Kentucky Lake, the refuge is a TVA impoundment.

224 TEXAS

Anahuac STAMP ■■Established 1963 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Anahuac, Texas Bordering East Bay on the upper Texas coast, the refuge contains important coastal wetland, prairie, and woodland habitats for a diversity of wildlife.

Aransas STAMP ■■Established 1937 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Austwell, Texas The refuge’s 115,670 acres of habitat for native and endangered species provide a winter home for the only natural wild flock of endangered whooping cranes.

Attwater Prairie STAMP Chicken ■■Established 1972 ■■Endangered Species ■■Eagle Lake, Texas The refuge is home to one of the last populations of the critically endangered Attwater’s prairie chicken.

225 TEXAS

Balcones STAMP Canyonlands ■■Established 1992 ■■Endangered Species ■■Marble Falls, Texas The refuge is home to two endangered songbirds. The golden-cheeked warbler, a true Texas native, nests only in central Texas.

Big Boggy STAMP ■■Established 1983 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Brazoria, Texas The coastal marsh refuge provides habitat for migratory waterbirds. / Closed to public

Brazoria STAMP ■■Established 1966 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Brazoria, Texas The refuge’s 5,000 acres of native bluestem prairie represent some of the last coastal prairie in Texas.

226 TEXAS

Buffalo Lake STAMP ■■Established 1959 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Umbarger, Texas In the spring and fall, both western and eastern bird species pass through the refuge. With over 350 species on the bird list, an exciting observation is always possible.

Caddo Lake STAMP ■■Established 2004 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Karnack, Texas The refuge contains high- quality forested communities and wetlands of international importance, which provide habitat for an abundance of resident and migratory wildlife. / Closed to public

Hagerman STAMP ■■Established 1946 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Sherman, Texas A birdwatcher’s paradise, the refuge is a resting place for migrating waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and white pelicans. 227 TEXAS

Inks Dam NFH STAMP ■■Burnet, Texas The hatchery plays a pivotal role in restoring Gulf Coast striped bass and paddlefish.

Laguna Atascosa STAMP ■■Established 1946 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Rio Hondo, Texas The refuge has the only known breeding population of endangered ocelots in the U.S., the highest number of recorded bird species of all national wildlife refuges, and is a popular site for viewing butterflies, with many uncommon to rare species seen each season.

Little Sandy STAMP ■■Established 1986 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Wood County, Texas The refuge contains the best pristine old-growth bottomland hardwood forest in the state of Texas. / Closed to public

228 TEXAS

Lower Rio Grande STAMP Valley ■■Established 1979 ■■Migratory Birds, Endangered Species ■■Alamo, Texas The refuge protects biodiversity along the most southern stretch of the Rio Grande.

Matagorda Island STAMP ■■Established 1971 ■■Migratory Birds, Endangered Species ■■Matagorda Island, Texas

McFaddin STAMP ■■Established 1980 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Sabine Pass, Texas Located along the Gulf of Mexico, the refuge provides wintering habitat for thousands of ducks and geese.

229 TEXAS

Moody STAMP ■■Established 1961 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Anahuac, Texas Closed to public

Muleshoe STAMP ■■Established 1935 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Muleshoe, Texas As the oldest refuge in Texas, its native shortgrass prairie is representative of pre-agricultural development.

Neches River STAMP ■■Established 2006 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Palestine, Texas The biologically diverse bottomland hardwood forest provides important habitat for migratory birds and resident wildlife species. / Closed to public

230 TEXAS

San Bernard STAMP ■■Established 1968 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Brazoria, Texas Coastal marsh and bottomland hardwoods provide habitat for 29 million migratory neotropical songbirds.

San Marcos STAMP NFH ■■San Marcos, Texas The hatchery works to raise endangered species, such as the fountain darter, Texas wild rice, and two species of salamanders.

Santa Ana STAMP ■■Established 1943 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Alamo, Texas The refuge is a world-class destination for birders and butterfly enthusiasts who come to view the last vestige of natural riparian habitat in deep South Texas.

231 TEXAS

Texas Point STAMP ■■Established 1979 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Sabine Pass, Texas The refuge provides wintering habitat for thousands of waterfowl and stopover habitat for migrating songbirds.

Trinity River STAMP ■■Established 1994 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Liberty, Texas Situated along the lower Trinity River, this bottomland hardwood refuge is used during migration or nesting by nearly 50 percent of the neotropical migratory bird species.

Uvalde NFH STAMP ■■Uvalde, Texas With reconstruction of the hatchery, new technology is now in place for raising endangered species like the Devils River minnow.

232 UTAH

Bear River Migratory STAMP Bird Refuge ■■Established 1928 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Brigham City, Utah The refuge hosts some of the country’s largest breeding colonies of American avocet and white-faced ibis. Fifty thousand tundra swans stage here in the fall.

Fish Springs STAMP ■■Established 1959 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Dugway, Utah 276 species have been observed here. The refuge is a reintroduction site for the threatened least chub.

Jones Hole NFH STAMP ■■Established 1956 ■■Vernal, Utah The hatchery provides management and production of rainbow, brown, and brook trout for the Upper Colorado River system.

233 UTAH

Ouray NFH STAMP ■■Established 1996 ■■Vernal, Utah Located on the Ouray NWR, the hatchery’s primary emphasis is to assist in the recovery of four endangered Colorado River fish.

Ouray STAMP ■■Established 1960 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Vernal, Utah A scenic and diverse desert refuge, it provides habitat for 14 species of waterfowl, songbirds, deer, pronghorn, and two endangered fish species.

234 VERMONT

Missisquoi STAMP ■■Established 1943 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Swanton, Vermont The refuge provides important feeding, resting, and breeding habitat for migratory birds, especially waterfowl, in the northern Lake Champlain section of the Atlantic Flyway.

Pittsford NFH STAMP ■■Established 1906 ■■North Chittenden, Vermont The hatchery rears and restocks species such as Atlantic salmon, lake trout, and lake sturgeon.

235 VERMONT

Silvio O. Conte STAMP National Fish and Wildlife Refuge (Nulhegan Basin Division) ■■Established 1999 ■■Protect and Enhance Diversity of Connecticut River Watershed ■■Island Pond, Vermont Several tracts of land for this refuge are located in Vermont, including 26,000 acres in Essex County.

White River NFH STAMP ■■Dedicated 1984 ■■Bethel, Vermont The hatchery has a visitor center with displays dramatizing its work in restoring the once-thriving Atlantic salmon to its natural habitat.

236 VIRGINIA

Back Bay STAMP ■■Established 1938 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Virginia Beach, Virginia Situated around a coastal barrier- type spit, the refuge serves as a wintering area for migratory birds.

Chincoteague STAMP ■■Established 1943 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Chincoteague, Virginia The refuge provides habitat for over 300 species of birds as well as other native plants and animals associated with a barrier island ecosystem.

Eastern Shore of STAMP Virginia ■■Established 1984 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Cape Charles, Virginia Thousands of hawks and songbirds migrate through the refuge.

237 VIRGINIA

Elizabeth Hartwell STAMP Mason Neck ■■Established 1969 ■■Endangered Species ■■Lorton, Virginia This was the first refuge established for the protection of the then-endangered bald eagle.

Featherstone STAMP ■■Established 1979 ■■Wetland Protection ■■Woodbridge, Virginia Closed to public The refuge is closed but can be viewed from Occoquan Bay NWR.

Fisherman Island STAMP ■■Established 1969 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Fisherman Island, Virginia Closed to public Terns, pelicans, osprey, peregrine falcons, and other species nest on the island refuge. It is also a major stopover for fall migrants.

238 VIRGINIA

Great Dismal Swamp STAMP ■■Established 1974 ■■Protect/Preserve Unique Ecosystem ■■Suffolk, Virginia Altered by people over the past two centuries, the refuge’s forested wetlands are managed to restore the diversity that once existed here.

Harrison Lake STAMP NFH ■■Established 1935 ■■Migratory fish ■■Charles City, Virginia Aquaculture typically takes place inside buildings, but outside there are opportunities for fishing, boating, hiking, wildlife-watching and picnicking.

James River STAMP ■■Established 1991 ■■Endangered Species ■■Prince George, Virginia The refuge encompasses 4,200 acres of forest and wetland habitats along the James River.

239 VIRGINIA

Nansemond STAMP ■■Established 1973 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Suffolk County, Virginia Closed to public

Occoquan Bay STAMP ■■Established 1973 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Woodbridge, Virginia Acquired from the Army, the refuge is managed to provide grassland and tidal marsh habitat for migratory birds.

Plum Tree Island STAMP ■■Established 1972 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Poquoson, Virginia The refuge is a former bombing range. / Closed to public

240 VIRGINIA

Presquile STAMP ■■Established 1953 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Hopewell, Virginia This 1,329-acre island in the James River is an important component in the network of refuges on and around Chesapeake Bay, the nation’s largest estuary.

Rappahannock STAMP River Valley ■■Established 1996 ■■Migratory Birds, Endangered Species ■■Warsaw, Virginia The refuge is Virginia’s largest wintering roost for bald eagles. Shorebirds, songbirds, raptors, and marsh birds rely on the refuge’s habitat during spring and fall migration.

Wallops Island STAMP ■■Established 1971 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Wattsville, Virginia

241 WASHINGTON

Carson NFH ■■Established 1937 ■■Carson, Washington The hatchery rears spring Chinook salmon to help the species’ recovery in the lower Columbia River.

Columbia STAMP ■■Established 1944 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Othello, Washington Located in the famous Channeled Scablands, the refuge provides spring migration stopover to 15,000 sandhill cranes and wintering habitat to over 100,000 waterfowl.

Conboy Lake STAMP ■■Established 1965 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Glenwood, Washington

242 WASHINGTON

Copalis STAMP ■■Established 1907 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Grays Harbor County, Washington This string of rocks and islands is important for nesting colonial seabirds. Wildlife may be seen from nearby beaches. / Closed to public

Dungeness STAMP ■■Established 1915 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Sequim, Washington Nutrient-rich waters and tideflats support extensive eelgrass beds, feeding and resting areas for waterfowl, shorebirds, and seabirds.

Entiat NFH STAMP ■■Established 1938 ■■Entiat, Washington Rainbow trout and Chinook salmon are reared at the hatchery.

243 WASHINGTON

Flattery Rocks STAMP ■■Established 1907 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Clallam County, Washington Closed to public This string of rocks and islands is important for nesting colonial birds. Wildlife may be seen from nearby beaches.

Franz Lake STAMP ■■Established 1990 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Skamania, Washington The refuge provides one of the few remaining off-channel wetlands along the Columbia River and offers wapato as food for wintering tundra swans. The refuge may be viewed from an overlook located along State Highway 14.

Grays Harbor STAMP ■■Established 1990 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Hoquiam, Washington Up to half a million shorebirds feed and rest on refuge mudflats during spring migration.

244 WASHINGTON

Hanford Reach STAMP National Monument/ Saddle Mountain ■■Established 1971 ■■Monument 2000, Habitat Protection ■■Richland, Washington The monument/refuge protects the last of the free-flowing Columbia River and the remaining shrub-steppe habitat and its dependent wildlife species.

Julia Butler Hansen STAMP Refuge for the Columbian White- tailed Deer ■■Established 1972 ■■Endangered Species ■■Cathlamet, Washington The refuge protects the Lower Columbia River population of Columbian white-tailed deer, an endangered species found only along this river and the Umpqua River.

245 WASHINGTON

Leavenworth STAMP NFH ■■Established 1938 ■■Leavenworth, Washington The hatchery is helping reestablish spring Chinook salmon, coho salmon, and steelhead trout populations in the Columbia River.

Lewis and Clark STAMP ■■Established 1972 ■■Protect Fish Habitat ■■Cathlamet, Washington Modern day explorers visit this refuge to experience its wilderness, enjoying a landscape and wildlife little changed since Meriwether Lewis and William Clark visited more than 200 years ago. Wild salmon, Sitka spruce and migratory birds thrive here. Boating, fishing, hunting and hiking are available.

246 WASHINGTON

Little Pend Oreille STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Colville, Washington Located on the west slope of the Selkirk Mountain Range, the refuge is the only mountainous, mixed-conifer forest refuge in the contiguous United States.

Little White Salmon STAMP NFH ■■Established 1896 ■■Cook, Washington In an underwater viewing area, Chinook and coho salmon can be seen spawning in the river below the hatchery.

Makah NFH STAMP ■■Established 1976 ■■Neah Bay, Washington The hatchery raises Chinook and coho salmon and steelhead, successfully restoring runs depleted by environmental changes and overfishing.

247 WASHINGTON

McNary STAMP ■■Established 1956 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Burbank, Washington Located near the confluence of the Columbia and Snake Rivers, the refuge habitat includes impounded wetlands, islands, cropland, and shrub-steppe grasslands.

Nisqually STAMP ■■Established 1974 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Olympia, Washington Located at the mouth of the Nisqually River, the refuge protects the Nisqually Delta estuary where the river meets Puget Sound. It provides important habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, waterbirds, and salmonids.

248 WASHINGTON

Pierce STAMP ■■Established 1983 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Stevenson, Washington The refuge protects and manages freshwater wetlands, riparian forest, oak and oak-conifer woodlands, and grasslands. It can be viewed from adjacent Beacon Rock State Park or the trails of the City of North Bonneville, Washington. / Closed to public

Protection Island STAMP ■■Established 1988 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Jefferson County, Washington The refuge protects nesting habitat for the majority of the seabird population of Puget Sound. Private boat tours around the island are available from nearby marinas. / Closed to public

Quilcene NFH STAMP ■■Established 1909 ■■Quilcene, Washington The hatchery raises coho salmon for release and provides coho salmon eggs and fingerlings for tribal programs.

249 WASHINGTON

Quinault NFH STAMP ■■Established 1964 ■■Humptulips, Washington One of the few fish hatcheries to rear four species of fish, coho salmon, fall Chinook salmon, chum salmon, and winter-run steelhead.

Quillayute Needles STAMP ■■Established 1907 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Jefferson County, Washington This string of rocks and islands is important for nesting colonial birds. Wildlife may be seen from nearby beaches. / Closed to public

Ridgefield STAMP ■■Established 1965 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Ridgefield, Washington The refuge offers excellent opportunities for wildlife observation, photography, natural/cultural resource interpretation, and waterfowl hunting.

250 WASHINGTON

Saddle Mountain STAMP ■■Established 1971 ■■Protect Riparian and Shrub- steppe Habitat ■■Burbank, Washington This refuge is part of the Hanford Reach National Monument. The western half of the Wahluke Unit (Saddle Mountain National Wildlife Refuge) is currently closed to general public access. The eastern half is open to public use year-round for boating, fishing, hunting and hiking.

San Juan Islands STAMP ■■Established 1914 ■■Migratory Birds ■■San Juan County, Washington Eighty-three rocks, reefs, and islands within the San Juan Island archipelago support marine mammals and nesting seabirds.

251 WASHINGTON

Spring Creek STAMP NFH ■■Established 1901 ■■Underwood, Washington The hatchery raises more than 15 million tule fall Chinook salmon annually.

Steigerwald Lake STAMP ■■Established 1987 ■■Mitigation for Second Powerhouse at Bonneville Dam/Columbia River ■■Washougal, Washington The refuge protects and manages Steigerwald Lake and associated wetlands, riparian forest, pasture, and oak forest.

Toppenish STAMP ■■Established 1964 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Toppenish, Washington The 1,978-acre refuge is an important resting and feeding area for waterfowl and other migratory birds.

252 WASHINGTON

Turnbull STAMP ■■Established 1937 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Cheney, Washington Located in the Channeled Scablands of eastern Washington, the refuge provides unique habitat for waterfowl, other migratory birds, coyotes, deer, elk, and moose.

Willapa STAMP ■■Established 1937 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Ilwaco, Washington The refuge protects vital tidelands, salmon streams, old growth forest, and sand dunes for several endangered and threatened species. Both ADA facilities and backcountry experiences are provided for visitors.

Willard NFH STAMP ■■Established 1952 ■■Cook, Washington The hatchery raises coho salmon. Closed to public

253 WASHINGTON

Winthrop NFH STAMP ■■Established 1940 ■■Winthrop, Washington The hatchery is helping reestablish spring Chinook salmon, coho salmon, and steelhead trout populations in the Columbia River.

254 WEST VIRGINIA

Canaan Valley STAMP ■■Established 1994 ■■Migratory Birds, Endangered Species, Wetlands ■■Davis, West Virginia At 3,200 feet, the refuge is located in the highest valley east of the Rockies. It is an important area for the American woodcock.

Ohio River Island STAMP ■■Established 1990 ■■Migratory Birds, Endangered Freshwater Mussels ■■Parkersburg, West Virginia Forty species of native freshwater mussels, including the federally endangered fanshell and pink mucket, live on the refuge.

255 WEST VIRGINIA

Ohio River Islands STAMP ■■Established 1990 ■■Protect Wildlife Native to the Ohio River Floodplain ■■Williamstown, West Virginia Most of the refuge is accessible only by boat. The refuge includes 22 islands and four mainland tracts, including four islands in Pennsylvania and Kentucky. Migratory birds and endangered freshwater mussels are among the most important wildlife on the refuge. The refuge is open to hunting, fishing and wildlife observation.

White Sulphur STAMP Springs NFH ■■Established 1900 ■■White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia The hatchery produces millions of rainbow trout eggs and raises freshwater mussels to help improve wild populations.

256 WISCONSIN

Fox River STAMP ■■Established 1980 ■■Endangered Species ■■Marquette County, Wisconsin Established primarily to preserve areas along the Fox River that differ significantly from other habitats in the region, the refuge hosts more than 300 sandhill cranes during the fall migration. / Closed to public

Genoa NFH STAMP ■■Established 1932 ■■Genoa, Wisconsin The hatchery’s programs center around the recovery of threatened and endangered aquatic species, such as Higgins eye pearly mussel, lake sturgeon, and coaster brook trout.

Gravel Island STAMP ■■Established 1913 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Door County, Wisconsin The refuge is comprised of Gravel and Spider Islands in Lake Michigan, which support colonial nesting birds. 257 WISCONSIN

Green Bay STAMP ■■Established 1912 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Door County, Wisconsin The refuge is situated on 2-acre Hog Island in Lake Michigan and supports nesting colonies of herring gulls, double-crested cormorants, and a few red-breasted mergansers. / Closed to public

Horicon STAMP ■■Established 1941 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Mayville, Wisconsin The refuge includes Horicon Marsh which, at 32,000 acres, is the largest freshwater cattail marsh in the U.S.

Iron River NFH STAMP ■■Established 1981 ■■Lake Trout and Coaster Brook Trout Restoration ■■Iron River, Wisconsin The hatchery provides lake trout and coaster brook trout of various sizes for population restoration in the Great Lakes.

258 WISCONSIN

Leopold WMD STAMP ■■Established 1993 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Portage, Wisconsin Named after wildlife conservationist Aldo Leopold, the district manages over 12,000 acres of waterfowl production areas in 17 counties of southeastern Wisconsin.

Necedah STAMP ■■Established 1939 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Necedah, Wisconsin The refuge is home to bald eagles, whooping cranes, Blanding’s turtles, timber wolves, and the world’s largest population of federally endangered Karner blue butterflies.

259 WISCONSIN

St. Croix WMD STAMP ■■Established 1992 ■■Migratory Birds ■■New Richmond, Wisconsin The district manages 41 waterfowl production areas totaling 7,500 acres in St. Croix, Polk, and Dunn counties. Management is focused on prairie and wetland habitat.

Trempealeau STAMP ■■Established 1936 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Trempealeau, Wisconsin Situated in a unique geological formation called a driftless, the refuge is an isolated backwater of rolling sand prairies adjacent to the Upper Mississippi River.

260 WISCONSIN

Upper Mississippi STAMP River Wildlife & Fish Refuge (LaCrosse District) ■■Established 1924 ■■Migratory Birds ■■LaCrosse, Wisconsin The refuge includes open water, backwater marshes and sloughs, upland prairies, and bottomland hardwood forests. It offers exceptional fishing and hunting, as well as premier opportunities for wildlife viewing and photography.

Whittlesey Creek STAMP ■■Established 1999 ■■Fish and Wildlife Conservation ■■Ashland, Wisconsin Called the “Little Refuge on the Big Lake,” the refuge is part of a large wetland complex on Lake Superior. It is working to restore habitat to benefit migratory birds and fish.

261 WYOMING

Bamforth STAMP ■■Established 1932 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Albany County, Wyoming Closed to public

Cokeville Meadows STAMP ■■Established 1993 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Cokeville, Wyoming Closed to public

Hutton Lake STAMP ■■Established 1932 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Laramie, Wyoming

262 WYOMING

Jackson NFH STAMP ■■Established 1950 ■■Jackson, Wyoming (on National Elk Refuge) Located on National Elk Refuge, the hatchery rears Snake River cutthroat and lake trout.

Mortenson Lake STAMP ■■Established 1993 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Laramie, Wyoming The refuge supports the last known breeding population of the endangered Wyoming toad. / Closed to public

National Elk Refuge STAMP ■■Established 1912 ■■Big Game ■■Jackson, Wyoming The refuge is home to the world’s largest wintering concentration of elk.

263 WYOMING

Pathfinder STAMP ■■Established 1936 ■■Migratory Birds ■■Alcova, Wyoming

Saratoga NFH STAMP ■■Established 1911 ■■Saratoga, Wyoming Broodstock trout species reared at the hatchery include lake, brown, and rainbow trout. The hatchery also assists in the Wyoming toad recovery program.

Seedskadee STAMP ■■Established 1965 ■■Mitigation ■■Green River, Wyoming The refuge was established as mitigation for the creation of the Fontenelle Reservoir. It protects a mosaic of riparian, wetland, and upland shrub habitats along 36 miles of the Green River.

264 265 Regional Offices The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service works out of its Headquarters in metropolitan Washington, DC, and eight regional offices.

Region 1 Pacific Region U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 911 N.E. 11th Avenue East Federal Complex Portland, OR 97232-4181 (HI, ID, OR, WA)

Region 2 Southwest Region U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 500 Gold Avenue, S.W. P.O. Box 1306 Albuquerque, NM 87103 (AZ, NM, OK, TX)

Region 3 Great Lakes–Big Rivers Region U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 5600 American Blvd. Suite 990 Bloomington, MN 55437-1458 (IA, IL, IN, MI, MN, MO, OH, WI)

Region 4 Southeast Region U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1875 Century Boulevard, 3rd Floor Atlanta, GA 30345 (AL, AR, FL, GA, KY, LA, MS, NC, PR, SC, TN)

Region 5 Northeast Region 300 Westgate Center Drive Hadley, MA 01035-9589 (CT, DE, MA, MD, ME, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, VA, VT, WV) 266 Region 6 Mountain-Prairie Region U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service P.O. Box 25486 Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 (CO, KS, MT, ND, NE, SD, UT, WY)

Region 7 Alaska Region Fish and Wildlife Service 1011 E. Tudor Road Anchorage, AK 99503-6199 (AK)

Region 8 Pacific Southwest Region U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2800 Cottage Way Sacramento, CA 95825 (CA, NV, Klamath Basin)

Headquarters Director U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1849 C Street, NW, MIA 3012 Washington, DC 20240

National Wildlife Refuge System 5275 Leesburg Pike Falls Church , VA 22041 For more information about the Fish and Wildlife Service call: 1-800-344-WILD Fish and Wildlife Service website: National Wildlife Refuge System Website:

267 Pacfic Islands

National Wildlife Refuge

Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands Hawaii Navassa Alaska Island

Original base map from Tibor G. Toth (TOTHGRAPHIX.COM) Produced in the Division of Realty, Washington D.C. 2015

268 Pacfic Islands

National Wildlife Refuge

Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands Hawaii Navassa Alaska Island

Original base map from Tibor G. Toth (TOTHGRAPHIX.COM) Produced in the Division of Realty, Washington D.C. 2015

269

Item FW 8003