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Call: 800-272-8727 | Online: www.livetrap.com Inside This Issue

John Seyjagat, Executive Director 2 Book Review: Canids of the World 17

Chair’s Message, Dr. Barbara Baker 3 “Um, I’m Done, Thanks”: Offering End of Choice 18

The Dangerous Animal Escape Tabletop Drill or How Note from a Small Town: Or How I Found Four Post- 20 Playing Dungeons and Dragons Can Make Your Zoo 4 cards Safer Paul Leland Breese, 1922-2018 25 African Penguins: The Cold Truth 8 New Accredited and Re-Accredited Facilities 26 What Makes an AMP? Animal Managment Plans - The Why, What, and How to Achieve Enduring 10 Births and Hatchings 28 ZAA Species Populations Member Updates 28 Trumpeter Swan Release: Returning Swans to the Wild 13 Legislative Corner 32 Preparing for a Baby: Training One Female Mandrill 14 for a Pole Syringe Injection Calender of Events 34 Global Conservation Policy at CITES Standing Com- 16 mittee 70 ZAA Commercial Members 36

Advertisers Index 38

p. 13

Board of Directors p. 8 Dr. Barbara Baker, chair Dr. Peter Brewer Jim Fouts Holly Hunt, vicechair Dr. Pat Condy Vanessa Roer Dr. Eric Trager, secretary Judy Domaszek Marcia Woodard Kayte Hogan, treasurer Michael Fouraker

Executive Director: John Seyjagat

Advisor to the Board: Jim Fowler Federal ChiefAffairs Administrative Consulting: Frank Officer: Vitello, Kristi Vitello de Spain Consulting Front cover: Gerenuk, Litocranius walleri, in Samburu National Reserve, National Legislative Affairs Director: Alan Smith p. 27 Kenya. Dr. Mark P. Davis Zoological Association of America Back cover: White rhinoceros, Ceratotherium s. simum. Dr. Mark P. Davis PO Box 511275, Punta Gorda, FL 33951-1275 The opinions expressed in articles published in the ZAA Newsletter & Journal are not necessar- (941) 621-2021 v fax (941) 621-6571 ily the opinions of the ZAA. They are published in order that you, the reader, may experience [email protected] v www.zaa.org views and thoughts from others. ZAA does not endorse the advertisers. ZAA Journal 1 John Seyjagat, Executive Director

ow! What a conference. The Zoological Association of America 13th Annual Conference was hosted by W - Essex County Turtle Back Zoo, West Orange, New Jersey, on November 8-11. The conference was sup ported by 27 vendors and welcomed 206 attendees. Conference attendees came from far and wide. There were attendees from Pakistan, Czech Republic, Jamaica, Mexico and Canada. The preconference tour was hosted by Six Flags Great Adventure and Safari and visited by 167 attendees. The keynote speaker was Dr. Thomas Hildebrandt, Head of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany. He spoke on The Northern White Rhino – A Lesson on How Humans Aid Extinction or a Positive Example of Advanced Conservation Program. There were 24 oral presentations and a one-on-one office day with USDA Chief Administrator Bernadette Juarez. SeveralZoo Day awards was hosted were handed by Turtle out Back to our Zoo well-deserving and featured members. several workshops The Education and Award behind-the-scenes of Excellence tours.went Workshops included Chemical Immobilization, Fire Hose Enrichment and TBZ Bee Pollinators.

to Six Flags Great Adventure and Safari for their programs Six Flags Wild Encounters, Silver Safari and Safari Off- Road Adventure. The Significant Propagation Long Term Commitment to a Single Species went to Tanganyika- Wildlife Park for Clouded Leopards and to Pittsburgh Zoo and PPG Aquarium for Amur Tiger. The Comprehen sive Immersion Exhibit Award went to Pittsburgh Zoo and PPG Aquarium for Jungle Odyssey. The Insitu Conser vation Award went to Myrtle Beach Safari for their support of Soraya Station and the Sumatran Tiger. our attendeesThe 13th annual and congratulate ZAA conference this year’s was a award great success.winners. I wish to thank our host Turtle Back Zoo, our Sponsor Mazuri, our vendors, our conference committee and the many volunteers who assisted. I also wish to thank all-

This year’s conference was all about building capacity. Building capacity comes from growing the asso ciation, bringing science to our operation, embracing public perception and forming alliances. ZAA is 13 years- cess.old and As growing.members Today of the ZAA ZAA, has it anis yourindividual job to membership troll the industry, of 521 bewith ambassadors 60 accredited and facilities, recruit 23new commercial members members and 19 conservation partners. Growing the association is key to our development, longevity and suc the country. Bringing science to the organization is achieved through our Animal Managed Programs (AMPs), to the organization. Greater membership gives us a louder voice and a broader base of representation across

conservation and education. ZAA presently has four AMPs and is looking at developing others. Our AMPs are supported by conservation enhancements and education. ZAA is in partnership with several NGOs and supports the conservation of species in peril and their habitats. Developing an AMP requires a candidate species with 20 or more animals, reliable individual animal records, participation by at least four institutions and a champion. ZAA is embracing and engaging public perception. Public perception is the main driver of the zoo detractor and- anti-zoo movement. You, our members, are the best to tell your stories. You are the expert and trusted voice for ofanimals wild animals and their and welfare. the need Zoos for are their important existence. facilitators We need ofwildlife, the opportunities and wildlife for needs that us.human-animal Forming alliances connec is criticaltion that to creates the survival a lifelong of the connection zoological andindustry. bond. The This industry connection is under instills attack passion, by the stewardship animal rights and movements. awareness

ZAA cannot fight this fight alone. ZAA needs partners, capital and leverage. ZAA is partnering with several like- minded organizations to form a unified front in the defense of all zoos and aquariums. ZAA is also widening its coverage to meet representation on local legislative wildlife issues. Support the ZAA. It is your organization!

ZAA Journal 2 Chair’s Message Dr. Barbara Baker

A s your newly elected Chair of the ZAA Board, let me tell you that I am honored and humbled to have been given this role. I believe ZAA is at an exciting, pivotal point in its young history. We have an opportunity to work together to continue to evolve and improve our animal care and animal welfare, education programs, and conservation efforts. If we work together, we can grow our organization into an association like no other in the US. That is something BIG! - ZAA is unique in the variety of facilities within the organization, which is a great thing. I can’t wait to visit, meet, and learn about all of them. In my humble opinion, ZAA can be an organization that wel comes all who want to work together to improve, evolve, and grow in all facets of our operations. Every time I visit a zoo or aquarium, regardless of the size or location, I learn something new! Let me take a moment to introduce myself, as I am relatively new to ZAA (three years) and have not had an opportunity to meet many of you. I’m from a small farming town in North Carolina, attended NC- State University (go Wolfpack), then on to Auburn University (War Eagle!) for my veterinarian degree. I was a zoo veterinarian for over eight years with the Lincoln Park Zoo and Riverbanks Zoo before join ing the Pittsburgh Zoo, where I’ve been blessed to lead a great team for the past 28 years. Being a zoo director is a job somebody’s got to do, so why not a down to earth animal person? I’m also Mom (my proudest accomplishment) to seven great kids, six of whom joined our family through older child adoption. But that’s another long story... As I’ve said many times, Pittsburgh did not join ZAA to take over the organization, but rather to help, when asked, in any way we can. I should be more careful in what I say though; you never know what will happen when you volunteer! I will admit, I was not expecting to find myself as elected Chair of our- great organization when I offered to get involved. Too funny! One of the things we can’t lose sight of is that this is a membership organization, and we must al ways be concerned about the membership’s opinions. We heard many of these at the recent national conference, and I’m proud to say the board responded immediately, instituting a new policy requiring a membership comment period on policy changes. This is working very well so far, as we are getting many comments on a recent policy change. So what can you do? Get involved, sign up for a committee. Encourage others in your facility to join. Attend the mid-year meeting and workshops in Austin this March. Work with the Animal Management- Programs. Make presentations, network, and meet new colleagues at the national conference. We have an exciting course set through the strategic plan, and I believe it is a good, solid, energizing one. Recog nize there will be growingHave a pains great and day, missteps, but as long as we are moving forward, we will get there!

ZAA Journal 3 The Dangerous Animal Escape Tabletop Drill or How Playing Dungeons and Dragons Can Make Your Zoo Safer by Ken Kaemmerer, Pittsburgh Zoo & PPG Aquarium et me make clear from the outset that an actual dangerous - L dom results involving zoo and emergency staff that must use conducted in my youth, I developed a tabletop drill with ran- animal escape is no “game.” All zoological facilities that- hold dangerous animals should prepare for the nightmarish- their protocols, knowledge and a little luck to contain a simu scenario of a dangerous animal’s escape from its primary con lated escaped dangerous animal. tainment. There are a number of published articles (Kaem merer, 2000; Kaemmerer and Piwonka, 2001; Kaemmerer BACKGROUND and Piwonka 2007; Piwonka and Kaemmerer, 2007) as well as- One of the keys to this drill is a large map (e.g. 24” x 36”) unpublished protocols, easily obtained with a little searching, of the grounds of the zoological organization, complete with all if you are looking for examples and recommendations to im dangerousexhibits and animals. buildings, There exhibit should barriers, be a legend interior for and all perimeterthe differ- prove preparations at your facility. You should conduct regular fence lines, pathways, roads, gates and locations of designated bedrills made with in your order staff to to make train, your as well institution as practice, safer. your There’s protocols no so as to see what improvements, training or changes need to beent hung features on a plus wall compass when not directions in use for noted.the time If oflaminated, a real emer the- anxious over whether they might make a mistake, but drills are map can even be marked up with erasable markers. It can also- question that real drills get the adrenaline flowing and staff ers and resources for necessary actions. learn from their mistakes. Sometimes it can be beneficial for gency to help orient and direct staff and emergency respond intended to enable staff to become familiar with protocols and- which The utilize Dangerous dice to Animalrandomly Tabletop select fromDrill differentis planned categories and run staff to “walk through” the procedures by gathering in a meet- using a system borrowed from tabletop role-playing games- ing room to participate in a drill scenario and to discuss the various permutations and options for actions. This is some in order to introduce the unpredictability of an “escaped” ani conducttimes referred a drill into aas warm a “tabletop” room around drill. aWinter table andmonths, allow when staff mal to the drill participants. The tabletop drill “leader” runs tooutdoor think activitiesthrough the slow actions down, they can bemight an especially take before good they time have to the scenario utilizing a large map of the zoo with all important canfeatures be custom-made identified. Markers or found to atrepresent craft stores, different game species, stores oras well as each participant and/or vehicles or other resources, to do it “live.” So, based upon an “academic” leisure activity I

ZAA Journal 4 - ent-sided dice can be found in game stores or online. Time increments even fabric stores where different types of buttons are sold. The differ fromare decided about 30 at minutesthe onset, to anusually hour 2,in 3,length. or 4 minutesSituational to eitherevent cardsspeed up or slow down the scenario; thus, the overall average drill can last theare drawnrelevant every dice fewrolls time and incrementsreading of eventor “turns” cards, to the allow drill for leader minor complications to be considered and reacted to. Based on results of - asks each participant: “Where are you, what are you doing and why?”After Major any complicationsdrill or real event, may a be debriefing added, such meeting as multiple should anibe mals escaped, first aid required and so on. - held with participants. Notes and a summary should be writ discussions.ten and archived. The summaryDuring the should Tabletop include Drill onenames person and canroles be asked to take notes of the participants and actions to facilitate- of every participant, plus a timeline of the animal’s and re sponders’ actions along with identifying what went well and- what needs improvement. For the latter, needed actions should be identified with assigned person(s) and dead actionslines. If for all theof this future. is done, then the drill will have served its purpose for training and resulting in written proactive

To start the scenario a 12-sided dice is rolled to ran- BEGINNING THE TABLETOP DRILL - • - domly select one of twelve dangerous animal spe 10cies or (unless 16-sided that dice was can pre-determined). be utilized. However, if an institu tion has fewer or more species to be chosen from, then a 6, 8, asked: • figureSecondly, who choose would thenormally day of be the at weekwork (unlesson that daythat utilizing was pre- a • At each turn participants are determined), on which the escape would occur, so you can • Where would they be at the time given? figure6-sided who dice would (pick onenormally day to be exclude). at what location at that time, • How they would react, or what they would do? • The time of day can be predetermined or selected, so you can • Where they would go? categories• Why, and by diceany otherrolls. pertinent questions. and 6-sided where eachdice for participant early morning, places late his/her morning, marker noon on lunch the • The First,escaped the animal’s animal movementsis determined are determinedto be either on walking, several map,hour, by rolling early afternoon,dice with either: late afternoon, night time or • 8 or 12-sided dice to determine the hour • Second, its direction is determined utilizing eight com- Once the first two categories are determined, the scenario running or not moving (Stop) utilizing a 6-sided dice. • • Third, if walking or running, the distance traveled is de- • passtermined points through (e.g. N, a NE, 10-sided E, etc.) dicewith roll. an 8-sided Distance dice. can be begins with a Dangerous forAnimal the animal. Escape being called and the • in feet or yards determined in advance. escaped animal moving from its exhibit, utilizing a marker Every few turns (e.g. 2, 3, or 4 turns determined in ad- - - • mentsThe scenario (eg. every progresses 3 minutes, in • determinedpredetermined in advance) time incre or vance) an event card is drawn from a deck with par ticular events interjected such as, “visitor appears 50 ft. from animal” or “animal disappears” or ”media shows “turns.” up 200 ft. away and starts filming” and other random events. Participants are asked what they would do whenits presented movement with and these direction events. are determined by the • If an event card shows “animal disappears,” then

tabletop drill leader for several turns (e.g. 2-3 turns predetermined in advance) without revealing this determinedto the participants, by the 6-sidedand its markerdice and removed. may be multi- • The distance moved by the disappeared animal is ZAA Journal 5 plied (e.g. 2X movement – determined in advance), Tabletop Drill

Each situational event can be written on one side of small cards, similar to

- tomizedboard game to each cards. institution. Multiple Thecopies deck of ofeach cards situational is randomly event shuffled can also at be the made, start particularly “Animal Disappears” and/or additional events, which can be cus

and then one is pulled and read by a participant in a predetermined order (e.g. every 2-4 “turns”). When the cards are read, then the simulated emergency “leader” and “responders,” as well as other participants, are asked, “Where are you, what are you doing, and why?” Situation Event Cards Samples

• DrillVisitor Leader) appears 50 feet from escaped animal • Animal disappears (for X time increments TBD by Emergency Team member who was called from • homeMedia arrives shows upat the200 zoo feet away and starts filming •

• Animal charges nearest person • Unknown Police patrolmen approach you to Stagingdiscuss howArea they can help • Police show up at designated Emergency

• Ambulance shows up at back gate - • site)Animal direction walks as (or last runs) movement an additional X feet (e.g. 40-80 feet) in same (or oppo- crements TBD by Drill Leader) • Veterinary dart rifle jams (for X time in Animal suddenly relocates to nearest • A hard rain starts pouring down • focusperimeter fence and starts pacing • VisitorsCatering/Gift nearby staff startwalk intovideoing area of and resist being evacuated to a • Emergency vehicle you are in safe place - • crements TBD by Drill Lead- er)quits working (for X time in -

• Non-emergency staff ap proach to help

ZAA Journal 6 -

and No active matter discussion how the on drill how ends, they partici would pants usually have had serious thought- though the subject of the drill is a serious work together to resolve the escape. Al

matter, the participants might even have livea little drill “fun.” or in Hopefully the event itof provides a real animal them some basic training to perform well in a

escape.

but remember that three of the Tabletop drill at Pittsburgh Zoo photographs courtesy of Paul Selvaggio

means the animal did not move andsix is categories in hiding. labeledDirection “Stop” is de- termined by the 8-sided dice. - - • Again, at each turn all the par Afterticipants several are turns asked the the new afore lo- cationmentioned of the questions. animal is revealed •

as it “reappears” and its marker is replaced. Generally, the drill scenario ends when TO END OR CONTINUE - • - ever,the animal if in the is scenario “captured” it is by believed being anes that thetized with a tranquillizer dart. How

the animalanimal representsmight be ashot danger with to a human lethal or other life per the zoo’s protocols, then or designated dart-trained staff member weapon. When either the veterinarian - shoots an anesthetic dart to tranquilize destroythe animal the foranimal, capture, then or a 6-sideda lethal diceweap is ons-trained person shoots a weapon to Literature Cited - chance).rolled to determine if they “hit” with the intended result or they “missed” (50% Kaemmerer, K. 2000. After the Accident – Safety Improvements for Staff at the Dallas Zoo. AZA An over and the total scenario and reactions nual Conference Proceedings, Orlando, FL, pp. 251-255. • areIf the reviewed animal isand “hit,” discussed. then the scenario is Kaemmerer, K and Piwonka, N. 2001. Dallas Zoo’s Animal Escape Procedures; Capture Equipment and Weapons Team Training. AZA Annual Conference Proceedings, St. Louis, MO, pp. 367-376 - Kaemmerer, K and Piwonka, N. 2007. Developing a Program for Dangerous Animal Emergencies: • If the shot taken by dart or weapon is Procedures for Animal Escape, Unauthorized Person in with Animals, and Unified Command Sys - directiona “miss,” thenutilizing the thescenario related continues dice. tem. Animal Keepers’ Forum 34(11/12): 506-512. with the animal moving in a particular Piwonka, N. and Kaemmerer, K. 2007. Developing a Weapons Team for Dangerous Animal Emergen cies: Organization and Training. Animal Keepers’ Forum 34(11/12): 480-487. ZAA Journal 7 African Penguins: The Cold Truth by Katy Massey, Corporate Conservation Coordinator, Virginia Safari Park Sphe- Wniscus demersus - e have lost 99% of the world’s African penguin, - , population since 1920, an estimat ed decline of 90 birds per week. African Penguins may be currentcome extinct rate continues in the next as 15 estimated, years. In 2010,they will the beIUCN extinct added in theAfrican wild penguin by 2030. to A thevariety Endangered of threats Species over time List, have and slowly if the

- ganeroded with the egg once collectors. stable penguin The green-tinged, population. fish smelling The first negative impact on penguin population be 13 million eggs were removed from the wild. (Cott, 1953) eggs were considered a delicacy up until the 1960’s; over useThe insecond fertilizer. problem Guano facing layers penguins were 13-20was guano feet collectors.thick, and Guano is a nutrient-rich bird dropping, sought after for its penguins burrowed into the guano layer to form nests. The burrowed nests kept them insulated from heat and cold African penguin entwined in fishing line. Dyer Island Conservation Trust and protected from predators.- The breeding islands are nowators, barren and occasional rocks, and flooding. the penguins have to nest in shallow pits, exposed to the sun, pred- “The greatest threat to our planet in. The same thing happens to Current day African pen is the belief that someone the African penguin; they lose guin population concerns are their waterproofing, become oil spills, finding food, and else will save it.” they make it to shore, they try waterlogged and can drown. If aspollution. the size Oil of youris bad thumb news canfor Robert Swan oil, and become ill. (Barham, causepenguins; harm. a spot When of oil you as smallcut a to preen the oil off, ingesting 2007) Finding food has be- Underhill, Crawford, Leshoro, hole in a wetsuit, water seeps come increasingly difficult due to over-fishing of sardines

and anchovies, forcing penguins to travel greater distances for food. The birds exert more energy and are exposed to more predators. (Sherley, Underhill, Barham, Barham, Coetzee, Crawford, Dyer, Leshoro, Upfold, 2013) Pollution has been on the rise with an estimated 14 billion pounds mostof trash destructive dumped intoitem the found ocean among each theyear. debris Trash iscan mono float- filamentthousands fishing of miles line. and Penguins contaminate and other pristine wildlife areas. become The

diving.heavily entangledAnimals become with the exhausted, line wrapping and if around are not the rescued, body, theyflippers, will anddrown. feet, (Ryan, preventing 2015) the bird from swimming or

- Saving the African penguin is an aggressive global team effort. Participation is needed from scientists, zo Animalologists Management and everyday Program citizens. (AMP) In the to United save this States, amaz the- Zoological Association of America (ZAA) has developed an foothills of the Blue Ridge mountains at the Virginia Sa- ing species. One of these team members is located in the

fari Park. Bird enthusiast and park owner, Eric Mogensen, learned about the plight of African penguins and joined Installing artificial nests for African penguin, Spheniscus demersus. Dyer Island Conser- the efforts to save them. In the summer of 2016, the new vation Trust Virginia Safari Park penguin colony made its public debut. ZAA Journal 8 - ing environmental education. artificial nests, supplying fishing line recycle bins, and provid- lions of dollars to make a difference in conservation. The real- It is a common misconception that you have to have mil

ity is, every little bit helps. For example, it only takes $36 to sponsorThe Virginiaa penguin Safari nest. Park, Other Metro ways Richmond to help areZoo, organizing Tanganyika a Wildlifelocal beach Park, clean-up LEO ZCC, day, Hemker recycling Park and & Zoo,raising Wildlife awareness. World Zoo -

and Wildwood Wildlife Park work together to develop sustain- able captive penguin populations as an insurance policy for the rapidly declining penguin populations of the wild. Support terming zoos conservation. involved with wild programs such as DICT provides guests an educational opportunity and contributes to long--

“The greatest threat to our planet is the belief that some one else will save it.” -Robert Swan. Every individual makes a difference; together we can change the world. References -

Barham P.J., Underhill L.G., Crawford R.J.M., Leshoro T.M. 2007. Breeding Suc cess of African penguins Speniscus demersus cleaned and released after the Treasure oil spill at Robben Island, Western Cape, South Africa. Emu Journal. Vol. 107: 7-13. CSIRO Publishing, Carlton, Victoria, Australia - Cott H.B. 1953. The Exploitation Of Wild Birds For Their Eggs. IBIS Journal. African penguins, Spheniscus demersus, at Virginia Safari Park. Virginia Safari bridgeshire, England Vol. 95, Issue 4: 643-675. British Ornithologists’ Union, Peterborough, Cam Park - als. Marine Pollution Bulletin. Vol. 135: 159-164. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Neth- Ryan,erlands P.G. 2018. Entanglement of birds in plastics and other synthetic materi The large naturalistic exhibit, equipped with a swimming pool, allows the penguins to feel right at home. In February, 2018, chick, hatched at the Virginia Safari Park. Sherley R.B., Underhill L.G., Barham B.J., Barham P.J., Coetzee hard workGeneral paid Curator off when Sarah ‘Winter,’ Friedel the oversees first African the penguinVirginia J.C., Crawford R.J.M., Dyer B.M., Leshoro T.M., Upfold L. 2013. Influence of local and regional prey availability on breeding performance of African penguins - Spheniscus demersus. Marine Ecology Progress Series. Vol. 473: 291-301. Safari Park’s Penguin Program and says, “The -most commonly Inter-Research Science Center, Luhe, Bavaria, Germany asked question is about the lack of ice in the exhibit.” Most peo ple are surprised to learn that only a few spe cies of penguin live as far south as Antarctica. successfullyThe penguins hatched seem to this be enjoyingfall. Animal the Virginiaambas- weather and three more penguin chicks have sadors like these help zoos play an important firsthand.role in instilling a passion for wildlife in future generations who see these aquatic acrobats

Not only do these penguins raise awareness, but they also help raise funds to support programs in the wild through the Dyer- Island Conservation Trust (DICT), located on the southern tip of Africa. This is a critically im portant eco-system; home to breeding colonies for a wide range of seabirds, Cape fur seals,- cilityGreat calledWhite Sharks,the African various Penguin dolphin and and Seabird whale Sanctuaryspecies. The (APSS.) DICT builtThis afacility world-class is able rehab to care fa the wild. The ZAA’s African Penguin Manage- for displaced birds and release them back into- ment Program supports DICT efforts organiz Baby African penguins, Spheniscus demersus, hatched at Virginia Safari Park. Virginia Safari Park ing beach clean-up days, installing over 2,000 ZAA Journal 9 What Makes an AMP? Animal Management Plans - The Why, What, and How to Achieve Enduring ZAA Species Populations by Ken Kaemmerer, Chair, AMP/Conservation Committee

Animal Management Plans, why does ZAA need them? detail-oriented, she/he needs to be a great communicator with While I’m dating myself, back when I started my zoo career- every owner or holder of that species, as well as a detective to and zoos wanted new animal species to exhibit or new animals try to figure out what happened to those specimens that “went to replace or add to existing exhibits, the directors and/or cu missing” from incomplete records or suddenly appeared with- they’rerators would unavailable, simply then dial aup Mulligatawny, (rotary phones Seersucker back then) or a exotic Lunk little or no background. Is a studbook the same as an animal animal dealers and say, “I want a Fizza-ma-Wizza-ma-Dill or if management plan? No, but it is the basis of any animal man agement plan. Without a well-documented studbook by a will do.” Then perhaps months later, depending on the size of thorough studbook keeper, we won’t be able to begin to plan the beast and the continent far away, the phone would ring and- and produce a knowledgeable and effective breeding plan to inga voice those would bygone say, days “Please the pickearth up was your much Gherkins greener, at thethe dockwild ensure a future population. of the next boat, train or plane on this auspicious day.” Dur numbers So what’s of genetically next to createdifferent an males AMP? and I woulddifferent say females that you of - have to have a minimum number of specimens with enough- animals more plentiful and the need to maintain “sustainable” andpopulations it’s become of species obvious in that our the care earth was is but less a green,thought the of wildlife “futur reproductive age and capacity, along with the interest of hold ists.” But, as we know, the future arrives like a pie in the face,- ers to work together to mix and match as needed. I’ve had the experience from participating in or observing Species Survival less plentiful, more regulations have been enacted and scien withPlans interest (SSP) of and the collaboration Association offrom Zoos small and numbers Aquariums but (AZA) good tists and common sense have said, “We need to manage wisely for over 20 years and have seen species populations grow what we’ve got.” In other words, if we cannot come together to include all of our animal specimens of a particular species managed reproduction into sizable populations. Likewise, I’ve- into a healthy, reproducing “population” that is self-sustaining seen populations that started with good intentions but shrink into the future, then eventually people will only be able to view or be “managed to extinction within AZA” because of poor re those animal species in video, books or Wikipedia. production or lack of interest and spaces. So while numbers and genetics are vitally important, in my opinion the key to What makes up an AMP? - advocatelong lasting for populationsthe AMP. is a collective interest to sustain the So the first step in that regard is to reach agreement with- population. That requires a leader, a “species champion”, to- triesparticipating first came institutions into use with to assemble domestics records such as on horses, each specicattle andmen dogs they ashold far intoback a as “studbook”. the early 1800’s, Studbooks when or it breedwas just regis be- An effective species champion, aka the AMP Species Man- bandry,ager, needs etc., to but be who someone also can who communicate “knows” the and species listen – to natural other history characteristics, behavior, reproduction, captive hus ofginning each sireto be and understood dam back thatto the certain start oftraits the couldline or be what passed we on to offspring and that it was important to know the lineage- hatched,call a “founder.” its dam and A studbook sire if known, needs and information the location(s) on each where liv ing specimen, including minimally the date it was born or it has lived, along with any unique identifying characteristics, whether congenital or added later, such as a physical marking, tag, band, subcutaneous chip, etc. Very complete studbooks may contain information on living or deceased specimens of- siblemany to institutions, the first male especially and female those founders sires and that dams came of out current of the wild.specimens This formsas far the back basis through for a genetic generations lineage and which time becomes as pos - book to record every birth or incoming animal, even if it didn’t vitally important to a managed plan. It is important for a stud survive, as well as when and where (from and/or to) it was- transferred. A population manager then may be able to use the- studbook data and ascertain important traits key to future re productive planning. A “studbook keeper” is the records man Cheetah cubs, Acinonyx jubatus, at Metro Richmond Zoo. Metro Richmond Zoo ZAAager forJournal the species 10 or breed of a studbook, and besides being Abridged Forms

Proposal for New Animal Management Plan and/or Application to Become New AMP Species Manager/Studbook Keeper 1. 2. Proposed Taxa (Common and Genus/Species Scientific Name) Availability within ZAA Institutions (Participation in AMP is voluntary for all or some of member’s animals) • Total Numbers at this Date (males/females/unknown; or give best estimate) • At how many institutions? • Names of Confirmed Interested Participating Institutions (Did you contact?) • Numbers out of Total that Interested Participating Institutions will designate for AMP • Of these numbers how many males/females are capable of reproduction? 3. • Estimate of Genetic Founders or Founder Lineages - explain 4. • Does taxa occur in other associations or in private and are there managed population programs? Conservation Status of Taxa – Identify status if available, including USFWS, IUCN and CITES 5. Geographic Range and Status in the Wild, Husbandry/Veterinary Expertise with Taxa (Established/Fair/ Limited) Consider medical, nutritional, social, etc. Explain - nessReproductive of biology, Factors habitat, – relativeconservation, ease of etc. breeding or contracepting; with starting numbers are there sufficient 6. reproductively viable animals? Exhibit and Education Value - Visitor appeal and potential to educate aware-

Links to in situ Conservation Organization Programs – Since participation in AMP’s may involve annual do nations to approved conservation NGO’s, please describe and provide a web link to potential organizations

Are you applying as the AMP Species Manager - Yes / No AMPAre you Committee applying Chair as the AMP Studbook Keeper - Yes / No Do you have access to ZIMS Yes / No - If no, discuss potential options with ZAA Chief Administrative Officer or

Please attach a resume/C.V. Describe below your background and experience relative to this or similar taxa.

Statements of Commitment and Support for AMP Species Manager and/or Studbook Keeper

ZAA Animal Management Plan Species Managers and Studbook Keepers and their supporting institutions must be willing and able to devote the necessary resources to oversee and manage a ZAA Animal Management Plan and/or its Studbook. - These duties and responsibilities can include, but are not limited, to the following: • Ensuring that all ZAA holding facilities for this species identify an Institutional Representative with contact infor mation who will represent the institution’s interests including which specimens will be part of this AMP • Communication with participating ZAA institutions or individuals through their designated representative • Communication with AMP Committee and ZAA executives on status and/or questions in a timely manner • Communication with designated genetics and population advisor for breeding and transfer masterplans • AMPCommunication related tasks with species specialists, research investigators, conservation organizations and others as needed • Being allowed time and necessary resources (e.g. computer, telephone) within routine work schedule to accomplish - • As Species Manager ensuring that participating ZAA institutions and their representatives are provided an updated toAMP the policy designated and that conservation they understand NGO for their the commitment AMP to communicate and provide species records data and rel evant information (e.g. births, deaths, transfers, changes in reproductive status, etc.) and to provide annual support

The ZAA institutional CEO/Director is encouraged to allocate funding and resources to allow the AMP Species Manager or Studbook Keeper to periodically travel to professional meetings, related training workshops or as needed to promote completion of AMP tasks. I (Name of Applicant) have read and agree to perform the duties and responsibilities as described above.

ZAA Journal 11 - holders and persuade all interested to collaborate for the ben How to propose a new AMP? - efit of the population and all holders. The champion needs to So a champion needs to convince at least three institutions rely on the studbook keeper (if they are not one and the same) to add specimens from their collections totaling at least 20 vi for details on the specimens, but they also need to work with able specimens with minimally five unrelated genetic lines to and take input from other holders on their individual interests propose a new AMP. - for holding, exhibiting and breeding. The person needs to be- Below this article is an abridged AMP Species Proposal- able to market or “sell” the importance of this species to more form that will include information on the species and wild sta institutions so as to develop more spaces and locations to ex- Committeetus, the interest to evaluate. in and need This forform a program,also asks thefor numbersnumbers, andge pand the population. Eventually the champion should develop- netic lines and holders, plus enough information for the AMP a committee of like-minded individuals to develop goals to ed - ucate the public, link with conservationists to solve issues en- names of holders that will allow specimens into the AMP as lationdangering dynamics. the species, Ability and to effectivelyidentify research communicate, issues for ability better to well as how many are reproductively viable. The form addi animal welfare, husbandry, improved survivability and popu cantionally be one requests and the information same). We from will the ask champion for recommendations applicant for forthe oneAMP or Species more conservation Manager as non-governmentalwell as a studbook organizations keeper (they listen and relate, and knowledgeable in the species – these are the traits of a good champion. - Did I mention numbers? What’s the minimum needed to (NGO) to monetarily support and link with and reasons why. start an AMP? While I don’t have a degree in population ge- Finally, the applicant(s) will need to fill out the additional form- netics, my experience with SSP’s suggests that we should start for “Statements of Commitment and Support for AMP Species with a minimum of 20 specimens of reproductive age and vi- Manager and Studbook Keeper”. This form outlines expecta ability, meaning that all have a theoretical chance to reproduce. tions of the applicant as well as the supporting institution’s breedingHowever, (e.g.if some sterilization), of those specimens then you youreally can don’t identify have are 20 bevi- CEO/Director and must have signatures from both. Currently yond reproductive age or have physical deterrents to normal the AMP Committee is composed of six ZAA members (2019 – Karen Vacco, John Gramieri, Gavin Livingston, Jim Andelin, able specimens. Yes, artificial reproductive technologies can John Wortman, Ken Kaemmerer) plus Executive Director John harvest semen or eggs, but that’s an unlikely selling point for Seyjagat, who will evaluate proposals for new AMP’s, species an AMP except in extreme cases. managers and/or studbook keepers. The AMP Committee will- What about genetics, or in other words, founder lines? then take the applications and forms to discuss and evaluate;- How many founders are required for a population to mitigate further information may be requested. If approved, a spe- the effects of inbreeding, genetic drift, etc.? That answer can tion.cies manager and a studbook keeper for that AMP will be an vary, depending on whether you’re talking about mammals, nounced,While and we work currently will begin have for AMP’s a future for sustainable Cheetahs, populaAfrican birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and so on. Obviously, the- more diversity you have, the better, but I’ve known of an SSP - population that had only three founders that with careful plan black-footed penguins, Mandrills and Schmidt’s guenons (aka- ning and breeding still built up a sizable population. In a case Redtail monkeys) and we expect the number of AMP’s to rap like that, the hope and plan should be to eventually bring new weidly want increase and as need there enthusiastic is a definite and need committed to manage volunteers our ZAA spe to founders into the population, whether they are unrelated from cies populations to be enduring and sustainable. In addition the wild or from a captive line in private hands or imported At the 2019 ZAA Midyear Meeting March 29-30 at Austin Sa- from another zoo population. Eventually, no matter how big- vannahparticipate in Texas, in these the programs AMP Committee and assist will them be conducting to be successful. busi- a managed population gets and how many effective founders it has, the population will lose genetic diversity or heterozy for the Cheetah AMP and the African Penguin AMP. We will gosity over generations if there aren’t some means to “bring ness and holding breeding and transfer masterplan sessions- in new blood”. So back to the question for a new AMP of how- vincingmany founder argument. lines should be represented – I’ll say five and if have the participation of a small population and genetics ad- you propose less than that, then you will have to make a con- visor along with a number of participating AMP members to- create scientifically based masterplans. This will be an oppor of threeWhat institutions is the minimum wanting number to collaborate of holders on for an aAMP. new speZAA tunity for members to observe the process and better under cies AMP? Again, while more is better, I’ll suggest a minimum stand the science and input from AMP members in developing - a collaborative masterplan. policy allows an institution to decide for itself if it wants to For further questions on proposing a new AMP, becoming include all its specimens in an AMP or only some of its speci a species manager and/or studbook keeper and for a full email- includedmens or none in the at studbook all. If there (even is a if ZAA already studbook included for inthat an species AZA or template for the required forms, feel free to email Kristi de internationalrepresenting allstudbook), ZAA institutions, even if the then institution all specimens decides should not beto Seyjagat,Spain, Chief ZAA Administrative Executive Director Officer ([email protected]). ([email protected]), Ken Kaem merer, AMP Chair ([email protected]) or John vitalinclude information some or any on themof those already in an isAMP. crucial Why? to understandingBecause in the future those specimens might enter the AMP, and having the their relatedness to others in the population. ZAA Journal 12 Trumpeter Swan Release: Returning Swans to the Wild by Betsey Brewer, Southwick’s Zoo - the country in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s. By the 1930’s E a nationwide survey found only 69 swans existing in the con- .A.R.T.H. Ltd, the non-profit arm of Southwick’s Zoo, is excit - ed to announce a new conservation program coordinated- life Refuge in southwest Montana. Coordinated efforts among with the Trumpeter Swan Society. statetinental natural US, all resources occurring agencies in the Red and Rock zoological Lakes Nationalfacilities Wildto es- The AZA and SSP Coordinator for Trumpeter Swans, Cyg- nus buccinators, and the Trumpeter Swan Society contacted to be brought back from the brink of extinction. However, there Southwick’s Zoo, wanting to genetically test the zoo’s trumpet tablish captive breeding programs allowed trumpeter swans er swans to determine if they are Rocky Mountain Population- themselves due to human disturbance. stock. Due to rules governing migratory populations of birds, are still areas where native populations struggle to sustain- whichonly swans is native that to are the purebred Greater Yellowstone RMP (Rocky area. Mountain Popula tion) stock can be released or repatriated into this population According to the Iowa DNR, “until 1998, the last wild nest - ing trumpeter swan in Iowa occurred in 1883 on the Twin With the help of Southwick’s Zoo’s veterinarian, Dr. Peter Lakes Wildlife Area southwest of Belmond, Iowa, in Hancock- Brewer, blood samples were drawn from the zoo’s adult breed County.” By participating in this restoration program, these ing pair of trumpeter swans. While waiting for the results on- swans will be making an important contribution towards in the blood samples, hoping for a matched genotype, there was creasing native populations in Iowa. a coordinated effort with David Hoffman at the Iowa Depart ment of Natural Resources to ship three cygnets which were hatched at Southwick’s Zoo in the spring. This repatriation- program does not require a specific genotype. Requirements for the repatriation program included coor dinating with zookeepers, scheduling health exams, obtaining permits and other documentation as well as planning travel arrangements. After all documentation was completed, three- wick’scygnets Zoo were and shipped E.A.R.T.H. from by PeterBoston Brewer, to Des DVM, Moines Betsey on October Brewer Bethel,3, 2018. Lauren This project Culley, required Samantha a jointRussak, effort and by Duane staff atLong. South The swans arrived safely in Des Moines and were then transported to Laurie Severe Pond in Nora Springs, Iowa. This 18-acre fenced area will be their temporary home for some months while they adjust to the new landscape and hone their survival skills. There is plenty of natural aquatic food, but the swans will also receive supplemental food over the winter months. These swans, as well as others in the program, will be released in southern Iowa next spring. Unregulated hunting and wetland drainage caused a huge decline in the native trumpeter swan populations throughout

Trumpeter swans are considered a- flagship species for waterfowl and- nectwetlands. with their These local restorationenvironment proand allowgrams for give organizations the public a chance like E.A.R.T.H. to con -

Ltd and Southwick’s Zoo to partici pate in conservation efforts which help sustain and strengthen native wildlife populations. Photo above: Trumpeter swan cygnets, Cygnus buccinator, at Southwick’s Zoo. Southwick’s Zoo Photo left: Trumpeter swan parents and cyg- nets, Cygnus buccinator. Southwick’s Zoo Background: Temporary site for the swans. David Hoffman, Iowa Department of Natural Resources. ZAA Journal 13 Preparing for a Baby: Training One Female Mandrill for a Pole Syringe Injection by Stephanie Dosch, Tanganyika Wildlife Park

E - the hand over, knuckle side to her. Once the trained behavior leven-year-old mandrill “M’Bili” is pregnant and will be wassignal established, was a flat we open needed hand, to palm ensure towards she was her, willingthen turning to ex- having a baby very soon; however, there is a problem. Un hibit the behavior in various locations around her night house. fortunately, M’Bili has not proven to be the best mom in the past, resulting in failed attempts of mother raising her own- offspring. It is always preferred for primate mothers to raise- Anticipating she would stay higher on her platforms once she their offspring, with hand-raising employed only as a last re- had her baby, we trained for presentations not only at ground- sort.ductive Mother-raised family member. primates Every havenew fewermom hashealth a learning risks and curve, de level but in multiple spots where we would have access to her velop the necessary behavior and social skills to become a pro on her upper benches. We wanted to ensure she was not pi wantedgeonholed to avoidinto performing making her the fearful presentation and hesitant behavior when inasked one webut decidedin M’Bili’s to case,sedate she M’Bili has not after shown giving improvement birth, allowing with us her to location only, making any other spot out of the ordinary. We handsuccessive rear theoffspring. baby during For the its safety more of fragile the baby months. she is Thecarrying, final - to perform the behavior in an unusual location. To help ensure M’Bili would be confident in performing the behavior asked plan was to reintegrate the baby with the family unit. This de- of her when she saw a pole syringe, we used a practice pole. tionate,pended notwelcoming only on thesigns health towards and agethe ofbaby the onceoffspring visual but intro also- It was lighter, easier to handle, and adaptable, depending on provided the adult members of the group were showing affec how quickly she became comfortable when it was introduced. When the practice pole was presented, M’bili became hesitant ductions started. To help M’Bili with the process, we devised a to perform the rump presentation. We started with the pole training plan for safe sedation which would greatly reduce the- just lying next to us as we did our training; slowly we started physical and physiological stress of the process. forasking the forinjection. the behavior One month with theaway pole from in ourher hand,due date, continuing we in- Mandrills naturally turn their rumps as a sign of submis until we could have the pole level to her back hip and ready sion. This was the perfect behavior to use, considering we- wanted to use a pole syringe for her injection, and the back troduced the actual pole. M’Bili noticed the difference, but it hip is the best spot for less discomfort to M’Bili. This submis onlyTraining took a couple was coming of training along sessions well, but for inher order to be for completely M’Bili to sive behavior was “caught” and continually maintained with comfortable with the new pole. consistent,positive reinforcement; we used a hand fruit signal is her with favorite the cue training word. Thetreat. hand We was born, we removed the fruit from her nightly diet and in- used the cue word “Butt”, and once the behavior became more still have an incentive to come to her keepers after her baby

Photo left: Mandrill, Man- drillus sphinx, “M’Bili”, pre- senting her rump on cue. Stephanie Dosch Photo right: Beginning sy- ringe pole introduction with “M’Bili. Stephanie Dosch

ZAA Journal 14 Even though M’Bili did not perform the full behavior we trained for, I do consider the plan we made for her a success heron multiple fruit and levels. hand Shefeeding was herdesensitized was a great to theadded syringe incentive. pole, Anyboth time visually she andbecame when hesitant it was aboutphysically staying close close to her.to me Pulling or if

to stay. That allowed me to closely watch the wellbeing of her she moved away, I could use that as a positive reward for her

baby. Lastly and most importantly, good training requires a- good relationship with the animal. M’Bili and I worked on our relationshipenough for me enough to sit soright that next when to herthis and day her came, new and baby as withner onlyvous fencingas any new between mother us. is expected to be, she felt comfortable

“M’Bili” allowing the syringe pole next to her. Stephanie Dosch stead handfed all of it to her. We began a month before she was due, hoping she realized that she was only going to receive her momsfruit, her generally favorite actpart, differently if she came once to the their keeper baby working arrives, withand her. We felt this was an important step, knowing that all new came.there wasDuring no waymorning to predict checks how we she found would M’Bili act. had given birth to herSo, baby did our the months night before of training or in paythe offearly in themorning. end? The We dayob- served her behavior and watched to make sure her new off- - spring had the opportunity to nurse, gathering the good colos trum her mom produced. However, it did not take long for us to see her aggressive patterns with her offspring had already begun. We were fully prepared to execute the plan we trained for if M’Bili would allow it. As her lead trainer, I noticed she had chosen a top bench in a corner where we had trained multiple- times, so I knew we could gain access to her from the opposite side. As we approached her, it was great to see she wasn’t flee ing from her keeper. Instead, she sat right in the corner next to me, allowing me to sit on the opposite side of the fence. I asked M’Bili for her rump presentation, but I could see her conflicted feeling between paying attention to her baby and behaving as I fruitwanted. for herAfter to several stay close attempts to me ofand asking slowly for worked her to presentthe syringe her rump, it was clear we needed to change game plans. I offered- pole through the squares of the fencing. Since she was accus Postive results are the best - mom and baby are doing very well. Stephanie Dosch broughttomed to to seeing the nursery. the pole, We with closely some monitored patience andM’Bili the as right she cameopportunity, out of the I administered sedation. We theare sedative.very much Her looking baby forwardwas safely to seeing M’Bili’s little girl grow and develop. In the future we will start the process of reintegrating her back into her family unit.

ZAA Journal 15 Global Conservation Policy at CITES Standing Committee 70 by Sarah Conley, Conservation Coordinator, International Elephant Foundation at the forefront of all our minds. While your days may be filled withIn the cleaning animal world,enclosures the conservation and designing of new species kinds and of behaviorhabitat is- al enrichment, your ultimate goal is to teach others to care and therefore take action to preserve animals and the environment- for future generations. It is with this concept in mind that the International Elephant Foundation (IEF) attended and partici- pated in the 70th Meeting of the Standing Committee (SC 70)- sianof the Federation. Convention on International Trade of Endangered Spe cies SCof Fauna 70 was and the Flora last (CITES) meeting this before past Octoberthe next in full Sochi, gather Rus- as the Conference of the Parties (CoP), which is to be held in ing of all the signatory countries to the CITES treaty, known 70th Meeting of the CITES Standing Committee. Sarah Conley Sri Lanka in 2019. In the CoPs, formal changes and additions to the CITES appendices are adopted, and recommendations from the Standing Committee are approved or denied. Due- compliance instead of exiting the process, but in the end, it was to the proximity to the next CoP, SC 70 took a different tone recommended to allow Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Thailand and thatand pacewould by run focusing between on Standingresolving Committee all issues during meetings. the Whilemeet the Philippines to exit. - noting asitself large instead in attendance of forming as SCindividual 69, SC 70 issue was workingstill a very groups large Much of the country evaluations related to NIAP are based meeting. Besides the 19 members of the Standing Committee on CITES programs like the Elephant Trade Information Sys- tem (ETIS) and the Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants- - (MIKE). According to preliminary MIKE reports, illegal el and over 50 observer nations, the room was mostly populated ephant killing is slightly down in Africa but regionally increas by non-voting observers. These ran the gamut from Intergov ing in central Africa. A full MIKE analysis is due at the next CoP. Associationernmental Organizationsof Traditional likeMedicine, IUCN andFender the Guitars, World CustomsCF Mar- The discussion on live Asian elephant trade brought up the tinOrganization Guitars, and to America’s business/corporate Fur Resources interests Council. like A significant the China need to address the increasing trade in body parts and skin. number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) were in Therefore it was decided to expand the language regarding - live elephant trade by adding “trade in parts and derivatives - of Asian elephants” to the Resolution Conf. 10.10 (Rev. CoP17) attendance, including the Animal Welfare Institute, Annamiti on trade in elephant specimens and the monitoring of illegal- cus, Born Free Foundation, Born Free USA, Cheetah Conserva killing of elephants as adopted at CoP17, Johannesburg, 2016. tion Fund, David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation, Defenders of Besides elephants, SC 70 addressed a number of press- Wildlife, Elephant Family, Environmental Investigation Agency, ing issues. Trade from the Democratic Republic of the Congo- Global Eye, Humane Society International, International Fund (DRC) in African grey parrots and stockpiled pangolin speci offor zoo Animal related Welfare, organizations Sea Shepherd, in attendance, TRAFFIC, including World the Wildlife Asso- mens was suspended until DRC proved compliance with previ- Fund, and Safari Club International. There were also a number ous CITES decrees about sustainability. Commercial fishing of- - sei whales by Japan was robustly discussed, with Japan assert ciation of Zoos and Aquariums, European Association of Zoos ing that specimens were not harvested primarily for commer Societyand Aquaria, of London. San Diego Zoo Global, Wildlife Conservation Soci cial use. Nevertheless, Japan agreed to cease taking sei whales ety, World Association of Zoos and Aquariums, and Zoological- and pursue immediate action to ensure they were not being internationalused primarily trade for commercialon marine turtles purposes. (including Although the Hawksbill intended As seems to be the way for all elephant-related issues, any to be ready for SC 70, a proposed study on the legal and illegal thing to do with elephants was hotly debated at this meeting.- The National Ivory Action Plan (NIAP) process was established turtle) had not been completed, so the issue was rolled over to for parties of “primary concern” or those who have been impli Asianthe next big CoP, cats upsetting was also some discussed. conservation There groups.were a number of cated in the illegal trade of ivory. CITES requires NIAP nations The conservation of and the illegal demand for parts of to develop strategies to curb illegal ivory trade and related activities within their countries. There are currently 22 NIAP- calls for reviews of captive tiger breeding facilities in Asia as parties, but some have “substantially achieved” their plans and there is speculation that these facilities are supplying parts have thus requested to exit the NIAP process which they con- and specimens for illegal trade. All parties were encouraged to entsider and punitive. indicated Robust a significant discussion reduction ensued in on the whether illegal thetrade data in biguse catthe trade.best practices Similarly, previously a discussion identified of African in CITES lions decisions drew at- presented by individual NIAP Parties was complete, transpar to help guide law enforcement action to address illegal Asian as a driving force. ZAAivory. Journal It was suggested16 by others that a country achieving the tention to the illegal trade in lion parts, citing demand in Asia goals of its NIAP should prompt the party to revisit and ensure Even though the work had largely been done in commit- - - ics of their choice. On the last day a lunchtime event listed as - tions and parties can host smaller gatherings on special top ingtees from and oneworking country groups to another prior to was SC again70, the a hotissue button of “appro issue. priate and acceptable destinations” for live species when mov showed“WAZA Zoos video and footage Aquariums and slides Protecting highlighting CITES-Listed zoological Species”, contri- was presented by EAZA, SDZG, WCS, AZA, and WAZA. Speakers- The working group, in which IEF participated, had offered a can gray wolf, California Condor, Scarlett Macaw, Burmese Star set of non-binding guidelines complete with species-specific butions to CITES-listed Appendix 1 species, such as the Mexi- guidelines for rhinos and elephants as to what constitutes an needs,“acceptable veterinary destination.” and husbandry These guidelines care, and covered even behavioraltopics like fundedTortoise, by and animals African in humangray parrot. care was The stressed importance to make of teach those housing space and size requirements, substrate types, dietary ing the public about conservation work enabled, inspired, and- informationenrichment. to While allow not easy specifically access to theelaborated guidelines. on yet, Most it reawas- in attendanceShortly after at CITES last year’s aware SC of 69 the meeting, impact zoologicalJohn Scanlon, organi the determined there would be a CITES-built webpage with this zations have on wild populations and research. - sonable parties were happy with this solution, but there were itSecretary was done General so shortly of CITES, thereafter. announced Coming his from resignation. decades workScan- others who took it as an opportunity to attack the concept of- lon’s replacement was not announced during this meeting, but animals in captivity, particularly outside of a species’ natural- - range. Niger and Burkina Faso asserted that for African spe- ing at the United Nations in various capacities, including at the cies, no destination outside of Africa is “acceptable” and ani UN Environment headquarters in Nairobi and the UN Econom- mals in human care are kept in “conditions that lead to trau ic Commission for Europe, Environmental Economist Ivonne ma” for elephants. The nations of Gabon, Nigeria, Uganda, and Higuero has been selected for the position. She seems commit Senegal concurred, with Senegal offering a very impassioned- ted to “Agenda 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals” intervention in agreement, focusing on the “ethics of captivity.” of the CITES treaty and ready to lead. A coalition of organizations including the Animal Welfare In While it may seem inconsequential to what we members ofstitute, the materials Born Free, from HSI, Niger Species and Survival Burkina Network, Faso and Annamiticus, against any of ZAA do each and every day by providing the best care for our and the David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation spoke up in favor animals, global conservation policy has a direct impact today - as well as in the future. We have a responsibility to the animals live trade of African elephants. AZA, EAZA, WAZA, WCS, ZSL, we love to serve as the experts on the international stage to and San Diego Zoo Global offered a group statement support ourhelp industry, guide policy. and ultimately If we choose our toanimals not become will suffer. involved in the ing the guidelines of the working group and indicating they are national and international development of policy, our work, available as experts to help, but avoiding commenting on the- anti-captivity part of the discussion. For more information about CITES: https://www.cites. CITES meetings also feature side events where organiza org/

Book Review: Canids of the World by Rick Hahn, Catoctin Wildlife Park Jose’ R. Castello’ has created another fine book to follow in the - A bonus is that range maps for each subspecies are added path of his Bovids of the World: Antelopes, Gazelles, Cattle, to augment the concise information under “distribution”. Goats, Sheep and Relatives in the Field Guide se glossary At the endof terms. of the Finally,book there the arefield several guide pages ends 2018.ries printed by Princeton University Press. $20 of twenty-six canine skulls and a three-page in softThoroughly cover; $80 researched in hard coverand illustrated from Amazon with with eleven pages of references going back to Edward Cope in 1889! worldmore thanand 600their color related photos forms, of “13this generais the ultiand- The only thing that I would change in this the 37 extant species” of the wild canines of the book is the size of the print. (Does this mean- subject. that my eye sight is failing? Not necessarily.) It mate photographic-encyclopedic work on this could just be a decision on the part of the pub coverage of its subject matter, it also fills in oth- lishers so that they could sell this encyclopedic- In addition to its thorough photographic- book at a price point that would garner a larger audience if they kept it under 332 pages. Per- er blanks for each species, including: other com sonally, I would have preferred that this book conservationmon names, taxonomy, status and similarfinally, thespecies names (if ofany), the information,was coffee table but size.if there I’d werepay the such price. a book, In sum this reproduction, behavior, distribution, habitat, wouldmation, be I it.hesitate to call this the bible of canid ZAA Journal 17 many people who supplied photos for his book. “Um, I’m Done, Thanks”: Offering End of Session Choice by LynnLee Schmidt, Curator Birds and Mammals, Downtown Aquarium Denver Abstract

- A primary reinforcer is anything that occurs naturally and reinforcer,doesn’t require because learning having or aassociation choice is anto beadvantage inherently to effecone’s survival.tive. The Althoughability to animalchoose trainers has been would postulated like to asbelieve a primary their presence in a training session is in itself wildly reinforcing, it is- nitiesmore importantsuch as choice. for the trainer to read the animal’s behaviors and ensure they are providing positive reinforcementLontra opportu ca- nadensis, In the case of a North American river otter, - cated that at ending the Downtown a session mightAquarium be more Denver, reinforcing cues and than signals the including aggression, wandering, avoidance, and escape indi Above and below: “Olive”, North American river otter, Lontra canadensis, per- forming a variety of behaviors during meet and greets. LynnLee Schmidt food associated with it. Trainers placed a visual marker in the ing the number of train- area during sessions, and if the otter touched the shape, the- ers, creating more variety session ended. After the introduction of the shape labeled “end- troductionsof session,” aggression,with our male latency, otter, wandering,so either otter avoidance, could choose and es to during sessions, and of- cape were all reduced. The shape was even generalized to in feringto keep a variety her interested of rein- choice are necessary to continue the evolution of animal train- forcement items. These ing.end the introduction. Both creative options and the addition of changes weren’t suffi- ciently reinforcing. Problem

Trainers wondered if Lontra In canadensis 2016, the . Downtown Olive was rescued Aquarium in Florida Denver by acquired Owl’s Nest an endingIdentified the Solution session could Sanctuary.eight-week-old She was orphaned deemed North unreleasable American because river she otter was pup, im- be more reinforcing than around the clock care from trainers and the curatorial team. been tested with a dol- printed. She arrived at the aquarium in March and received- food. This hypothesis had - (West, 2016). Their dol- Since she was imprinted, she was identified as a suitable can phin at Dolphin Quest didateDuring for training these meet as an and animal greets ambassador, and other training and she sessions, partici a variety of reinforcers, one of which was ending the session. pated in meet and greet sessions with the public. phin could choose among Aggression towards guests and trainers decreased when this butOlive on performed occasion she a variety would ofleave behaviors. the session, Most bite of thethe timetrainer’s she The dolphin could select a certain shape placed near his pool. shoes,voluntarily grab completedthe trainer’s all legs, of theand behaviors refuse to go without to her incident, crate to end of session (EOS), but over time his aggression and EOS - choiceoption werewas available. nearly eliminated. At first the dolphin opted most often for - end the session. Trainers grouped behaviors into three catego- - alize,ries: bites, we identified precursors behaviors to aggression, Olive andexhibited frustration when (Table she was 1). This is just one example supporting the concept that hav- moreSince likelyaggression to be andaggressive frustration or if canshe seemedbe difficult frustrated. to operation Frus- vivaling control is a basic over biological the environment need, control is in itself fits primarilythe definition reinforc of a tration behaviors ing. If control allows an individual to ensure survival, and sur Table 1: Frustration and Aggression often occurred Based on Olive’s behavior, we decided that in some cases Precursors to Aggression before aggres- herprimary control reinforcer of session (Harris, timing G. wasSusta, more F., 2016). reinforcing than food. Nibbling on trainer hands, shoes, or legs - • • Grabing legs or shoes with paws sion precursors- ownBased sessions. on a continuation of the previously listed frustration be Frustration• Encroaching Behaviors on the trainer’s space lengingor in response behav to- haviors, trainers created an option to allow Olive to end her Leaving sessions to swim iors.requests for chal We at- • How Trainers Implemented the Solution • Interacting with toys During every session, trainers placed a square plastic • Avoiding proximity to trainer of solutions, in- Wandering room shape in the area, either protected contact or free contact. The • LeavingPositioning stimulus body tocontrol inhibit requested behavior cludingtempted adecreas variety- • protocol: ZAA• Journal 18 1) Place the shape in the same position in every session. - sion, the session ends. interest in selecting EOS. 3)2) EndIf she the touches session the as shapeyou normally at any pointwould: during the ses ity and novelty in the first couple of months contributed to her- i. Free contact outside of enclosure - crate her and reinforce her in crate introductions. In addition Shortly to decreasing after EOS aggression was started, and we frustration began intro be- ductionshaviors, thewith EOS Olive option and one also of contributedthe male otters. to successful We left the otter EOS of food and exit enclosure ii. Free contact inside of enclosure - leave 3-5 pieces to end, she could select EOS. During the second introduction, option in the reserve area, so if Olive wanted the introduction iii. Protected contact - push 3-5 pieces of food under- and step away everythe male introduction touched the after shape. that. We Our closed introductions the gate andwere separated safe and Even the trainers required a few weeks of training to re successful,the two otters. and Hethe caught otters onwere quickly able toand exercise selected some EOS control to end memberResults to place the shape in the area. over those encounters. Conclusion object.Olive touched Her seventh the end selection of session of (EOS) EOS occurred shape in eachafter of a thefew first in- This case study demonstrates that offering your animals three sessions. Perhaps she was merely investigating the new of aggression and frustration behaviors. Trainers believed her EOScorrect choice responses, was intentional. which historically Over the increasedcourse of the likelihoodnext year, yourcontrol animal’s over their behavior environment so you can has be the sure potential that you’re of reducing offering most EOS selections occurred during sessions in which a new choiceaggression over andthings frustration the animal behaviors. finds reinforcing. It’s important We are to in read the behavior was being worked, when there were many distrac- - vation was low. process of brainstorming how we can offer these options to tions and competing reinforcers, and when Olive’s food moti otherReferences species in our care and apply them to other situations. Harris, G. Susta, F. 2016. Awareness of Control as a Primary Reinforcer. Sound- Table 2 shows that for the year prior to implementing the- - EOS option, trainers experienced an average of 4.3 bites per- ings. Volume 41, Number 3. IMATA. month. During the year following implementation, they expe West, N. 2016. Designing Environmental Influence Through Alternative Re rienced 0.2 bites per month (t-test p=0.004). Precursors to ag sponse Training (ART). IMATA conference proceedings gression also decreased from 3.4 precursors per month to 0.4 (t-test p=0.012). Behaviors that were identified as frustration fell from 9.8 to 6.1 per month; however, they did not change significantly (t-test p=0.152). Table 2: Frequency of behaviors prior to and after implementation of EOS AverageBefore EOSnumber perAfter month EOS Aggression 4.35 0.20 T-test0.004 p value Precursor to 3.41 0.40 0.012 aggression Wandering 9.82 6.10 0.152

- As shown in figure 1, selection of EOS spiked during the first month we introduced the shape; during this period she se lected EOS 17 times. In the second month she selected EOS 9- times. In the following months her selection decreased to an average of 2 Figuretimes per month.1 - EOS The Selectiontrainers believe that curios 10 9 8 6 4 4 3 4 2

EOS Choice 1 1 1 2 0 0

Plastic square used as end of session shape. LynnLee Schmidt ZAA Journal 19 Notes from a Small Town: Or How I Found Four Postcards by Ken Kawata

W - hat is “fine and worthy”? Zoo-going is one of the nation’s director in the Southwest I brought up the subject of this town, favorite pastimes. The public’s image of zoos, it might be everyand his now reaction and thenwas “Iyou did may not knowfind a it hidden has a zoo.” gem. But That in my is theex noted, is largely a product by the popular news media, namely magicperience, of zoo-going. if you step in little unknown zoos with an open mind, television and daily newspapers. And it is usually large zoos- in major population centers that enjoy a prominent status, town zoo. Just as the above-mentioned large zoo in the Mid- thanks to the national publicity. Those zoos host sizeable col west At this any zoo rate, stays out anonymous. of curiosity we paid a visit to this little lections of crowd pleasers including “status symbol” animals A lush, mixed deciduous forest greets the visitor to the such as the giant panda and the koala. The general impression is that those with a high profile receive the society’s stamp of approval as fine and worthy institutions. Yet the large zoos park. There is no admission fee. At the entrance we find out Overshadowedbelong to a minority by the in largerterms ofcousins statistics; they the receive majority less of media zoos that each visitor is expected to open a door-sized metal gate in any nation are small zoos in smaller population centers. cut into the chainlink perimeter fence, and to close it behind most enthusiastic zoo-goers. floodthem Floridaby dropping and California a rod into coming the slot. this Obviously way, single-file, this zoo trying is not visibility, and thus tend to slip through the fingers of even the geared for out-of-state tourists. Imagine waves of tourists that the less marketable majority in the zoo world, not fine or wor- And that raises the question. Are those small collections, communityto get into this is to zoo! chat More with aptlya hotel this concierge is a community-based or wait staff at aand lo- - community-supported zoo. One way to feel “the pulse” of the thy? Absolutely not, in my opinion. The size, annual budget, visitor attendance and prominence (or lack thereof) of public cal eatery. At a downtown restaurant I ask a waitress about the ity of a zoo have little to do with the quality of the zoo. (More zoo. Immediately she names most prominent species there, sizeon the or qualitythe largeness issue in of a the moment.) city in which To put it it is another located. way, Bigger the adding, “A new otter exhibit will open soon”. excellence of a zoo is by no means in direct proportion to its is not always better. An example: When wife Jean and I visited one large city zoo in the Midwest, I soon began to shake my headA in Midwestern disapproval contrast. and we We could were not again wait in to the hit Midwest, the exit gate this (that particular zoo remains nameless). time in the northern part, some five years later, July 2018 to be exact. Even with a population of only 12,000 this town is blessed with two internationally famed, unique institutions in them,ornithology not well and known entertainment even within business. the circle It soof seasonedhappens thatzoo the town also has a small zoo, completely overshadowed by Each visitor is expected to open and close the door-sized metal gate. Ken Kawata people. Recently when I was chatting with a well-known zoo

cubsMunicipal arrived outpost? in 1926. From Such a every birth indicationof a zoo may this be zoo termed is a municipal operation. It had a modest start when two bear

“happenstance” (animals often arrived unexpectedly, not- ment,as a part issued of a bymaster an administrative plan) as opposed body to (Kawata,“constitutional”, 2014). Withinor a zoo a built circle by ofa structured us old-timers plan (zoo based dinosaurs on a mission would state be -

more fitting) we used to call city-run zoos “the park de partment zoos”. That implies that people who operate- swimming pools, soccer fields, golf courses and such also manage the zoo. In our collective mind a zoo is a living mu- ciesseum of of such sorts, an but entity. not just a park with animals. We thought ourAnother hands view should from not the be dinosaurs’ tied with circlerigid bureaucraticis that a zoo ispoli of-

ten a stepchild of a city government. We know because we Lush, mature deciduous trees provide plenty of shade. Ken Kawata worked in that outpost of the city system: that the word ZAA Journal 20 zoo begins with a “z”, at the bottom of the alphabet (and the priority list for budget and personnel). Or should it wrong. Also, generalization must be taken carefully. Certainly be? This is not to say such a system is good or bad, or right or That indicates, probably, they receive special care. Soon we find a small prairie dog town which has no visual guidanceour recollections of scientific do not and imply cultural that authorities. all municipal But zoos enough belong for barrier between the public and animals, but that seems like- recollectionsin a lesser category, for now compared and back withto a littlezoos town.operated How under does the its and exception. Because of the “hard” barrier such as the wire fence this zoo is by no means a photographers’ paradise, mak The sky is clear blue in this Midwestern town, good for ing prairie dogs exceptional. Another exception is gray wolves zoo fare? intoon the a building other side so ofsmoothly the zoo forgrounds, servicing in an the open exhibit enclosure yard. Thatwell mature trees, extends on a level land as visitors casually stroll shaded with trees. As I watch, keepers are shifting two wolves fromzooing. one Well-manicured exhibit to the other grassy under landscape, abundant interspersed sunshine. with For - is a surprise to me. In my experience, gray wolves tend to be suspicious and will not easily let you lock them into small in (ora moment 8 F) degrees. I forget that this is a country of mercilessly harsh newdoor everyconfinement. time you visitIn fact, a zoo, many large zoos or small,do not in shift any themcountry.) into winter;First the large average mammals low temperature that catch inour January attention is minus are farm22 C a building. (That’s an example that you can learn something- - llamas. Nearby stand caged barred owl and great horned owl. all, theSigns collection of a growing consists zoo of are winter-hardy everywhere, (nearly such as all, the anyway) upcom stock, such as donkey and goat and on the exotic department, ing opening of the North American river otter exhibit. Over black bear and Canada lynx, in enclosures well furnished with zoos in regions known for harsh winter. That may not nec- Soon we come to crowd-pleasers, brown capuchins, American mammals and birds, a common practice for small municipal- nored because it takes a climate-controlled building to main- climbing apparatus, logs and rocks. Glass partition is used in essarily mean that amphibians and reptiles are purposely ig andsome unlabeled areas. Then animals I note are, that unfortunately, a cockatiel is fairlylabeled common as chukar in zoospartridge. around But the I shouldworld. not be so picky, picky since mislabeled tain them year round, a costly proposition. I might add that - animals are plainly visible in this zoo, instead of staying inside the building or behind furniture. (This depends on the way Memorable swan. Stepping back three decades for a mo exhibits are set up. Lynx, for example, often rests or sleeps ment, when I first visited this zoo I was mildly shocked to find a during the day. Here the opening of its sleeping box faces the tundra swan. This is because zoos typically keep a pair of mute thepublic, like) so that the cananimal block is visiblethe view, while and sleeping large sizes in a of secure enclosures spot.) swans or black swans, both easily bred in captivity. So that And that is despite the “furniture” (rocks, logs, trees and swan left an impression, and when we were planning to visit - the zoo I was hoping to see it again. Sure enough, in a large surethat allowdimensions: inhabitants gray towolf, stay 70 far x 60from m visitors.in addition I am to aa poor15 x ityard would with have a pond, been in here a mixed-species for at least three exhibit decades, with four almost female the guesser of distance and size, but here are examples of enclo world’swhite-tailed longevity deer, recordI find a tundra swan! If it is the same bird 15 m holding pen; American black bear, 50 x 50 m; lynx, 30 x Alas, it was not 20 m; capuchin, 10 x 10 for the species. m. Again, I could be way- - off. Educational graphic ardmeant Weigl to be.of Frankfurt Later I Somepanels signs and signsacknowledge accom made an inquiry to Rich donorspany these while enclosures.others ex- on animal longevity re- Zoo, Germany, an expert animals in a tell-it-like-it- - isplain manner. background For instance, of the cordcords and in captivity.found out the He one sign says this animal following:checked with this ZIMS tundra re is a hybrid while another, swan, Snowflake, is a fe- a tail of this wolf was bit- male and arrived there ten off by another wolf. on 4 October 2004 from - a rehabilitation Center in that state, and she Such Exorcizing a refreshing of apa is around 14 years old proach! - (email, 1 August 2018). sion is that this zoo has Continuing on birds, cage. My overall impres- snowy owls, a male ment in three decades. and a female, are a bit made quite an improve

animalLet me bringhusbandry up, at and this wire-meshof a surprise. cage They but arein exhibits.point, a perspectiveThere are com on- ahoused building, not behind in a simple glass mon zoo exhibit features and wire-mesh barriers. The tundra swan, Cygnus columbianus, almost led me to think sie is a long-time resident. Ken Kawata that are absent in this ZAA Journal 21 its do not even begin to remind me of the real savanna habitat, be it in Botswana or in Tanzania. zoo. One is the moat and the other, large-scale mixed species- exhibits. Those features are so widespread in other zoos, that they become all the more conspicuous in this zoo by their ab (2009): And The here high is somethinginjury rate, theincluding typical fatalities, zoo visitor on large has neverwad- sence. Here most animals are in single-species housing, old- ersheard (cranes, of, the storks, disturbing flamingos) reality caused reported by mammals by Catherine in the same King style cages (with a few exceptions such as the gray wolf). As many know, “cage” is a politically incorrect term. By “caging” its animals this zoo could be targeted for criticism, particularly “naturalistic” exhibits. As for the marketing department, the by those well-oiled big city animal advocate groups that tend exhibit is a successful formula, but it is built upon heaps of to take up an anti-captivity position. injured and dead birds. In terms of the welfare of individual It might be noted, however, that ALL zoo animals are in birds it is a failure. Robbed of an opportunity to breed, they chainlink-fencedcaptivity regardless yard. of the But mode the of the barrier, whether they are used as short-term ornamental fillers. In the 1960s a large animal,are in an the expensively inhabitant, landscaped hardly good-looking garden or in a number of crowned cranes of both species was imported to the- cares about the method of con- U.S. Cranes are long-living birds.- You have to wonder what hap the human beholder: Chaining of “In every good zoo the animal pened to them. Did they con finement. It is all in the eye of does not feel itself in any way cranestribute we to see breeding today in programs zoos are in zoos? How many crowned an elephant reminds the public a prisioner, but - as in the wild At any rate, the core of ex- Bars,of slavery chainlink and likewisefence and “behind wire- - it feels more like a tenant or hibittheir designprogeny? boils down to fabri- bars” is reminiscent of prison. - owner of a piece of land...” cation of illusions, just as in the- (Formesh a are more “hard” detailed barriers, discussion an un Prof. Heini Hediger said for now. Let me get off the ofpopular cages seeeyesore Kawata, in today’s 2012.) zoos. ater productions. But enough- - ness of cages. Animal lovers soap box and return to the busi- Of moat and the “natural moat,istic”. dry One or way wet to(water-filled), circumvent who despise cages are so preoc- such barriers is to put a concrete tioncupied to the with life the of the container content (the animal).cage), while They paying should little view atten the between animals and the public,- situation through another lens. wide and deep enough to keep The cage reduces the chance for animals from jumping, swim orming bears or without climbing any out. hard It maybar- what it offers. be visually pleasing to see lions escape, but that is only a part of the animal further away from For the sake of discussion, let rier. A moat, however, keeps us takeAnimals a look as propertyat another owners. view-

Boththe public, animals not and to mention visitors thatcould it and former director of several fallpresents into it. a Animalspotential can death also trap.hide Prof. Heini Hediger, former director, Zurich Zoo, Switzerland. Dr. Christian Schmidt Swisspoint aboutzoos Prof.the cage. Heini Zoologist Hediger - - against unwanted contacts with animals of the same or differ- ablethemselves for this in zoo. the moat. Besides the moat is expensive to con theorized that “the cage may mean to the animal a protection struct and takes up so much space, certainly not recommend- historyent species.” is littered (1964). with Hard incidents, physical many barriers of them keep fatal out for vandals the in- Those who criticize cages may in turn praise large, “eco- (humans, or animals of a different species) and predators. Zoo logical,” “immersive” and “naturalistic” mixed-species exhibits, usually behind a moat. The typical example is the African sa habitants, by human intruders or packs of stray dogs. Dangers vanna, ubiquitous in zoos across the world. In a beautifully are not limited to the ground level. Imagine being ducks and landscaped yard zebras, a variety of antelopes such as gazelle, Cagespheasants guard in anthe open inhabitants enclosure from during most the trajectories night, how theycast areby impala, wildebeest and eland are exhibited with birds such as- heartlessvulnerable visitors to the from deadly rocks, great lit horned cigarettes owls. to junk Another food. point: And mals.storks and cranes. It is a treat to the visitors’ eye. Well, that - is the human side of the coin; on the other side reside the ani- it comes as no surprise that, unlike open enclosures cages pro In truth, such an exhibit contains a highly abnormal con- vide climbing apparatus for primates and parrots. ritorycentration or home of animals range inof termseach animal. of space Have and time. you ever In short watched they Continuing on Hediger: “In every good zoo the animal does beautifulare jammed crowned into a littlecranes pit, closely just a tinyin such fraction an exhibit, of an in how situ terun- not feel itself in any way a prisoner, but—as in the wild—it - feels more like the tenant or owner of a piece of land; it should - feel like occupier of a territory, the possessor, that is, of the unit comfortable they are and conscious of the surrounding, espe of space to which the animal instinctively lays claim.” (1970). ZAA Journal 22 cially the approaching large mammals? Besides, those exhib What if a pair of crowned cranes were to be transferred from zoo visitors whose concern solely focuses on animals and a large, open, mixed species African savanna enclosure into a theysingle-species can carry housingon daily unit,life away a cage? from All danger. of a sudden Now backthe birds into exhibits. In actuality a zoo is a workplace, a specialized- find themselves in a property to defend as their own, in which type it may be, and a workplace is inseparable from a host of people challenges. Please be reminded that zoo prob the zoo as an operational entity. lems are not animal problems, but people problems. A zoo A quality zoo? Earlier, we discussed the size of zoos. At- is not an animal lovers’ utopia as some zoo-goers naively- this juncture, let us move on to the subject of the quality of a assume. Some zoos maintain esprit de corps intact with a zoo. Much has been talked about the mission, purpose, objec positive outlook; at the least, employees do not mind com- tive and goal for a zoo. These are the essential parameters in ing to work every morning. At the other end of spectrum discussion on the quality of a given zoo. A common opinion lies a zoo which represents a slippery slope toward a bot- across the zoo world would almost automatically point out- tomless pit of employee morale. Imagine a young soul fresh that, the barometer for the quality of a zoo is the commitment- outThis of human college dimension campus with can aeasily degree affect and welfare an unrealistic of animals ex and corresponding achievements in the field of wildlife con inpectation, the zoo’s suddenly collection. thrown into a toxic work environment! servation. In short, that will lead to the notion that the mod ---Maintain animals that are well cared for with their re- ern zoo is expected to become a Noah’s Ark for endangered - yearsspecies. to come.That is an amiable task, and zoos have accomplished quite a bit in this endeavor, and the task will continue in the thecords zoo’s meticulously animal data chronicled. are the basis The for importance science. All ofthe impec state- cable record keeping cannot be over-emphasized, because The challenging goals aside, let me step back for a moment if basic and original information on the animals is missing and take a different angle to review the quality of a zoo. First of-the-art computer technology would become worthless off, let us peel off all the motto, slogan, cooperative breeding - programs and technological advancements of the modern zoo from the zoo’s operational foundation. As for information,- into bare minimum components. Then examine that which is the most important step begins with observations by ani left there: What constitutes the backbones of a zoo? Opinions- tomal state keepers. that theThe most information essential is nutrientthen manually for the document animal is tance.will differ, A zoo of iscourse. to: In my view three integral elements that ed. The key word here is observation. It is no exaggeration make a zoo will surface, not necessarily in the order---Provide of impor a worthwhile yet the keepers’ eye, and that the degree of success in animal comfortable husbandry is in direct proportion to the number of keepers’- work environ- footprints in and around the animal enclosure. - ment for em- ---Offer an enjoyable and learning experience for the visi tors. In our urban society, a zoo may provide the only con is a vital fac- notact reason with liveto exist. wild That animals is the for starting the populace. gate for theThe modern critical tor,ployees. yet often This zoo,point and is that its task without is immense: a healthy To animal introduce collection, wild animal a zoo haslife overlooked by well-meaning the threat by increasing human encroachment into their to the citizenry so that they will help to save animals from

North American river otter exhibit is nearing completion. Ken Kawata ZAA Journal 23 Nevertheless, for a trial let us start with the staff. Keepers -I watched had clean uniform and appeared friendly (although that does not provide an insight into the nature of the work place). As for the animals, here follows a second opinion by- rian,a professional. also took a look I found at this out zoo that while James he Alexander,was in town. a retired When visitingsealion trainera zoo Jim of turnsthe Saint a critical Louis eye Zoo on and the a animalzoo/circus collection, histo

visually examining every animal he comes across. “It’s a neat little zoo,” he commented, as I agreed with him: “It is very clean- and animals are well cared for.” Onto the public, the above-mentioned outmoded zoo ex hibit design is not eye-pleasing to some, and could cloud their objective observations. On that sunny day, however, I noticed that the zoo visitors were enjoying themselves despite the fact A comminuty-asset, the zoo attracts visitors more than twice the town’s poplua- tion. Ken Kawata that most animals are in metal cages; it appeared that such a factor did not influence the public’s attitude all that much. That confirms the point that to serve the public satisfactorily,- - a zoo does not have to be equipped with a series of expensive habitat; ultimately, the public will learn how to share this state-of-the-art “ecological” exhibits. Another point: For citi Planet with other forms of life. It is an enormous responsi zens to appreciate the animal viewing experience, a zoo does bility, and it requires an enormous personal commitment. wouldnot have someday to fill its find grounds national with fame rare in and evening endangered television species. news “A neat little zoo.” Now let us get back to the little zoo. A It is unlikely that this zoo, just as other small town zoos, quick tour of a zoo, large or small, will most likely not provide a international zoo association. Yet it deserves more recognition solid basis to examine its quality. At the most it is just a glance, stories, nor would it bybe zoorated enthusiasts as a top-notch wishing institution to find a by little an too inadequate for us to evaluate the above three components. hidden treasure.

Before closing this report, let me point up one more finding. Nowadays, unlike their European counterparts, many large zoos in the U.S. do not carry their own postcards. They sell generic, commercially mass-produced postcards Thereat their are, gift however, shops. smallPostcards town and zoos guide that books simply do not bring in money. days. Alameda Park Zoo in Alamogordo, have their own postcards just like old

acrossNew Mexico, a kiosk. is oneA friendly of those young exceptions. atten- While touring this unnamed zoo I came - dant pulled out four postcards, 75 cents- each (a price justifiable for a small mar- chin,ket). SheAmerican said that black they bear, represented Canada spelynx cies currently on exhibit: Brown capu fine addition to my collection. White-tailed deer in a large exhibit area. Ken Kawata and snowy owl. Those postcards made a

Literature Cited

New York. Hediger, Heini. (1964): Wild Animals in Captivity. Dover Publications, Inc., Kawata, Ken. (2014): WPA, Rattlesnakes and a Lady Doctor: The Staten Island Hediger, Heini. (1970): Man and Animal in the Zoo: Zoo Biology. Routledge & Zoo History. In International Zoo News, 61/3, 176-200. Kegan Paul, London. King, Catherine. (2009): Do Birds Belong in Savannah Exhibits? (abridged Kawata, Ken. (2012): Exorcising of a Cage: A Review of American Zoo Exhibits, from EAZA News N. 63). In International Zoo News, 56/2, 96-98.

Part III. In Der Zoologische Garten, N.F. 81, 132-146.

ZAA Journal 24 Paul Leland Breese Honolulu Zoo Director Emeritus October 16, 1922 - October 18, 2018

- one of the world’s finest, P - aul reminisced, “One of my most cherished childhood mem- nolulu and to visitors an getherories with is picturing its tail to me swim as an in eightour bathtub. year old Thisexplaining recollection to my educationalgiving the people and ofrecre Ho- mother and aunt how my pet alligator used its webbed feet to- ational facility of unend- ments of my long life have involved these same two activities: turned out to be highly prophetic since the two basic commit hising love pleasure. of animals He leavesand of maintaining and interpreting exotic creatures.” here a lasting imprint of relatives, Orphaned where by he1935, continued Paul traveled to be alone absorbed by train with along nature. with - Whilehis pet attending turtle from college, Atlanta he toworked southern as a California bus driver to and live in with the tantpeople contribution young and old”.to our state Paul’s was his most work impor with then Territory of Ha- reptile department at the San Diego Zoo, establishing long time waii to begin the Nene friendshipsAfter Pearl with Harbor, then director Paul enlisted Belle Benchley, in the Navy, bird trained curator at K.C.Co- Restoration Project in Lint, and reptile curator Charles Shaw. 1949. He chaired the commissioned a naval offi- committee in the 1950’s Nene, Branta sandvicensis. Kate Rogers cer.lumbia He University,learned the and skills was of the Wildlife Chief for the DLNR, started the Pacific Zoological - to name the Nene as Hawaii’s state bird. In the 1970’s, he was edlanding in five amphibious different Pacific crafts on beaches and participat Consultants and worked with hotels on wildlife displays. In the 1990’s Paul founded the Brown Tree Snake Control Group campaigns including Leyte bringing attention and action to our state’s protection from- Gulf and Iwo Jima. With the- ences,that threat. and wisdom In 2013, for Paul future was generations. interviewed Paul by theand Zoos his wife, and sitybenefit of Hawaii of the in GI 1947. bill, Paul Aquariums Video Archives which recorded his history, experi- graduated from the Univer- ences fostered his confi- LivingJean DeMercer-Breese, Treasure of Hawaii. published THE HONOLULU ZOO Waiki Paul’s war experi ki’s Wildlife Treasure 1915-2015. In 2016, he was named a

THE HONOLULU ZOO Waikiki’s Wildlife Treasure 1915-2015., written by Paul Breese and Jean DeMercer-Breese

- dence and strengthened his passion to pursue his career of displaying, conserv ing, and protecting animals. In 1947, Paul was appointed the first Director of the boundariesHonolulu Zoo. in Waikiki He developed with fences the and zoo’s a singlefirst master entrance, plan designed which defined and constructed the zoo’s the many animal enclosures, landscaped and paved the parking area. Paul made- numerous trips to the mainland, gathering and accompanying animals on their over seas trip to Honolulu. In 1964, a plaque was placed at the opening of the new reptile building. It reads: “Paul Breese ofAnimalanai outstanding – Thisservice building to the is community named in whilehonor director of Paul of L. the Breese Honolulu in appreciation Zoo from 1947 to 1964. With vision, creativeness Paul Breese, Jean DeMercer-Breese and friends. Paul Breese ZAA Journal 25 and dedication, he developed the zoo into New Accredited and Re-Accredited Facilities

Cape May County Zoo Cape May Court House, New Jersey

T he Cape May County Park & Zoo in Cape May Court House, New Jersey,- provides free year-round admission to a- hibits.collection The of zoo more is located than 550 at animals707 Route rep 9 resenting 250 species in 85 acres of ex Central Park, and together the zoo and North, in the center of Cape May County’s - hibitthe park areas cover are aabout 57-acre 220 (23 acres. ha) The African zoo began operation in 1978. Its principal ex collection. Savanna, a free-flight aviary, and a reptile

Hemker Park & Zoo Freeport, Minnesota H emker Park & Zoo is located in Freeport, Minnesota. What began as a simple dream in 1977 has grown to give families up close access to over 50 different species from around the globe. The mission of Hemker Park & Zoo (HPZ) is to highlight and enhance animal species and encourage environmental conservation through integratedHPZ home. partnerships Hemker Park and & practical Zoo has approachesbeen voted to wildlife management. Guests can expect to learn from their visit about our worldthe Bestwhile of enjoying Central theMinnesota over 200 Out animals & About that Fam call- ily Recreation for 2 years in a row, 2017 & 2018! Founded by Mark & Joan Hemker, the zoo has become a labor of love to honor Mark’s legacy

and their children and their children’s families, HPZsince is his an passing inviting in and 2006. educational Now operated activity by Joanthat

each year, and new additions occur throughout thewill breathtakingnot disappoint. Minnesota The zoo seasons. continues to grow

ZAA Journal 26 Safari Niagara Stevensville, Ontario, Canada

S to moreafari than Niagara 1,000 is native a 150-acre, and exotic privately- mam- owned and operated nature park, home

Niagaramals, reptiles Falls! and birds. They are located in Stevensville, Ontario – only 10 minutes from of all ages and abilities about wildlife conser- vation. Safari Their Niagara goal is strives to bring to guests educate a one-on- people one connection with nature. Guests are invit-

- ed to see the animals up close and get to know- ersthem. by Itbringing is hoped them that into Safari a new Niagara environment. will in spire future conservationists and nature-lov

Triple D Game Farm Kalispell, Montana

T healthriple of D’seach main of our mission animals is to through provide the our highest animals standard with the of best nu- trition,overall enrichment, life possible. and Weoverall are dedicated care. We tobelieve the mental that by and exercising physical the animals’ inherent instincts and abilities in a controlled environ- ment, not only are we able to provide the best form of enrichment, but we are simultaneously able to provide our clients with the best- photographic opportunities of our animals in their natural settings. Our unique role in the worldwide conservation message is an impor tant one. Together, our animals and our clients create a powerhouse- as conservation ambassadors. Through their lenses, the purpose of conservation is infinitely captured. And through their artwork, im- ages and natural films, our clients and animals are inspiring people- across the globe. Steve Irwin may have said it best, “If you can’t ex cite people about wildlife, how can you convince them to love, cher- ish, and protect our wildlife and the environment they live in?” The collaboration of our animals and clients provides people that excite ment and inspiration to play their part in global conservation.

ZAA Journal 27 irths an B d

s

g n i h c t a

H

African Dwarf Crocodiles, Osteolaemus tetraspis. Crocodile Conservation

What’s Gnu New Professional MembersMember Updates Lana Borg, Safari Niagara to be the education arm of the zoo Doug Hotle, Animal World & Snake Farm Zoo Hemker Park & Zoo creates non-profit Emily Jaffe, Animal World & Snake Farm Zoo Robin Lentz, Mill Mountain Zoo Hemker Park & Zoo (HPZ), beginning in 1977 as a simple- Robert Olmstead, Tanganyika Wildlife Park dream, has grown to give families up close access to over 50- Monte Oswald, Oswald’s Bear Ranch different species from around the globe. To keep with the mis- sion of highlighting and enhancing animal species and encour Jordan Patch, Animal Adventure Park aging environmental conservation through integrated part Holly Taylor, Baton Rouge Zoo nerships and practical approaches to wildlife management, Jeff Taylor, The Wild Animal Park animalHPZ created conservation a 501(c)3 and non-profit education organization, efforts locally Guardians through the of Bud Wiser, Alameda Park Zoo HPZConservation and around (GOC). the world. GOC’s purpose is to support endangered

GOC is working to guide the next generation down a life-

- long path of animal conservation by bringing the world to their rolefingertips. of animals Both within HPZ andour GOCecosystem. share the wonder and impor tance of conservation, as well as the critical importance of the New Commercial Members Service Systems Associates Felis Consulting kmssa.com felisconsulting.com

ZAA Journal 28 irths an B d Election Results President & CEO Takes on New Role Pittsburgh Zoo & PPG Aquarium Board of Directors n addition Marcia Woodard to her cur- Vanessa Roer rent role as s President & g Code of Conduct CEO of the n i Marcy Crede-Booth Pittsburgh h IZoo & PPG c t Dr. Barbara a BakerAquarium, is tak- H ing on a new challenge as 2019 Board of Directors Chair of the Zoological Dr. Barbara Baker, chair Association Holly Hunt, vice chair of America Dr. Eric Trager, secretary (ZAA). At the ZAA November conference in New Jersey, with the Kayte Hogan, treasurer Turtle Back Zoo as host, ZAA Directors unanimously voted Dr. Dr. Peter Brewer Baker in as Chair. Dr. Pat Condy Judy Domaszek to grow“I am and very meet excited new tochallenges be part of in the the ZAA world organization of animal care, and Michael Fouraker have the opportunity to work with wonderful professionals Jim Fouts inclusive, focused on its members, and we welcome all individ- welfare, and conservation,” says Dr. Barbara Baker. “ZAA is all Vanessa Roer Marcia Woodard uals and zoo organizations. ZAA’s programs, conferences and workshops, as well as other networking opportunities, assist zoosWith and aquariumsmore than in60 improving accredited and members advancing and their the animallargest care and welfare programs.” - ica is the second largest trade association in the Zoological membership of its history, the Zoological Association of Amer Range Plan, which sets an industrious and exciting vision for 2019 Committee Chairs thesector. future Dr. ofBaker the youngworked organization. to develop the ZAA’s Strategic Long

Accreditation - Holly Hunt country, Under introducing Dr. Baker’s visitors leadership to theat the wonderful Pittsburgh and Zoo amazing & PPG Aquarium, the Zoo has grown into one of the top zoos in the Award - Don Richardson world of animals through naturalistic exhibits and education AMP/Conservation - Ken Kaemmerer Code of Conduct - Mike Jones classes. She was a pioneer in efforts to help save endangered Business/FinanceConference - Kelsey - Eric MogensenKeller and threatened species by being the first Zoo to create an off- Crisis Management - Michael Fouraker site International Conservation Center. She partnered with Education - David Kleven Project Frozen Dumbo to begin efforts to help strengthen an Legislative Task Force - Mickey Ollson - aging African elephant population in zoos. Dr. Baker has never Marketing - Jaime Szoszorek deathmet a challengein Botswana. she didn’t like and proved it when she success fully engineered the rescue of female African elephants facing Nominating - Jim Fouts - MembershipPolicy Advisory - Marcus - Jim Hemker Fouts Today, she is the mastermind of one of the largest develop ment projects in the Zoo’s history, Top of the World, which will Public Relations - Tracy Gray Always with an eye on the future, Dr. Baker is aware of how Professional Development - LynnLee Schmidt zoosutilize have the lastevolved of the over remaining the years acreage and how of the to Zoo ensure property. success for years to come.

ZAA Journal 29 ZAA 2018 Award Winners Educational Award of Excellence

Six Flags Great Adventure for Wild Encounters, Silver Safari, and Safari Off Road Adventure

In Situ Conservation and the Sumatran tiger Myrtle Beach Safari for their support of Soraya Station

Comprehensive Immersion Exhibits

Pittsburgh Zoo & PPG Aquarium for Jungle Odyssey

Significant Propagation & Long Term Commitment to a Single Species

PIttsburgh Zoo & PPG Aquarium for Amur tiger

Significant Propagation & Long Term Commitment to a Single Species

Tanganyika Wildlife Park for clouded leopard

ZAA Journal 30 ZAA Conservation Partners

American Dove Association

Avicultural Society of America

New Guinea Singing Dogs International

Rhino Resource Center

United Peafowl Association

ZAA Journal 31 Legislative Corner

Frank Vitello, Vitello Consulting vitelloconsulting.comFederal Update - - Htial federal government shutdown is now the longest ever cratic control. The Big Cat Public Safety Act will be reintro- appy New Year! As I sit here writing this column, the par- on policies related to climate change to emerge under Demo - with no end in sight. President Donald Trump and lawmak duced with a Democratic lead sponsor, and the bill will receive ers are still locked in a standoff over Trump’s demand that a hearing and move through the House. As in previous ses- Congress allocate $5.7 billion to build a wall at the US-Mexico essions Committee of Congress, and youthe Senatecan expect Committee that ZAA on will Environment draft a letter and of border. Trump has said he’s considering declaring a national opposition and forwarded to both the House Natural Resourc emergency to get the money but he’d prefer to strike a deal - with Congress. The House, now led by Democrats, passed a Public Works. Areas where we can expect to play offense are series of spending bills this week that would reopen parts of- generally those dealing with wildlife conservation; reauthori likelythe government, to go anywhere. including Senate financial Majority services, Leader national Mitch McCon parks,- zation of the Multinational Species Conservation Fund (MSCF)- housing and transportation, and agriculture. But they’re un for example. MSCF programs have been managed by the U.S.- to vote on the bills, and the White House has signaled the Fish and Wildlife Service for nearly 30 years and help to con nell blocked a move to get the Republican-controlled Senate serve some of the world’s most iconic species: elephants, rhi nos, tigers, great apes, and marine turtles. President would veto any spending bills that don’t have his At USDA, ZAA continues to work closely with top officials requested wall funds. While both chambers of Congress have throughout the Department. Specifically at APHIS Animal Care, whichsignaled has they resulted will supportin shutdowns back andpay limitedfor furloughed services workers,on many ZAA is routinely approached prior to any regulatory action as many (considered “non-essential”) are currently not working an important stakeholder and given an early opportunity to- Smithsonian Museums and the National Zoo are closed. Many talk through forthcoming agency proposals. Nationalfronts. For Parks example, are also for closed. those Closer visiting to home, Washington, for those D.C., seek all- No wordAt Interior, yet whether Secretary David Ryan will Zinke be nominatedis out, and Deputyto stay Secrein the jobtary or David a new Bernhardt Secretary has will been be promotednominated. to actingFormer Secretary. Senator resolved.ing federal permits you can expect that it’s going to be a while. - In short, it’s a mess and there’s no telling when it’s going to be Dean Heller of Nevada has been mentioned among potential- replacements. In the first quarter we expect to have an oppor With When Democrats the dust taking eventually control settles, of the weHouse can majority, expect major our tunity to begin pursuing a rulemaking within the FWS Migra- changes in the U.S. Congress, most notably on the House side. tory Bird Office that could lead to blanket permit authority for ZAA accredited members. In addition, FWS published a pro- billsmajor favored concern by isthe likely AR community the philosophical and thus shift we that would will need occur. to posed policy change in the Federal Register that would waive- Without question we should expect much more activity on cilities.permitting for sanctuaries. ZAA is currently formulating com - ments and is likely to oppose unequal treatment of wildlife fa- step up our defensive efforts to fend off potential threats. Specifically, we can expect that bills dealing with the En needs Keep at [email protected]. up the good fight and I’ll be back Cheers! in touch next quar dangered Species Act, or revisions of major environmental ter. Feel free to contact me should you have any questions or provisions are likely dead. We can also expect a major focus

Alan Smith, National Legislative Affairs Director State Update T - elections,here has but been there an were enormous significant amount changes of national in the press states on that the Senate which for decades has frustrated New York progressives’- 2019 composition of Congress following the recent midterm quest to be more like California. Desertion of the GOP by moder been steadily gaining state legislative seats since 2010 and were ate suburban voters, especially women, turned states like Mary are likely to be more meaningful for some of us. Republicans had land, Wisconsin and Kansas into potentially bigger challenges- - ityfor leverageus. California to work looks with even Democrat less hospitable governors. to our The interests. Democrats In probably at some kind of high-water mark. The combination of- gainedboth North seven Carolina executive and mansionsMichigan thein theGOP midterms, lost its supermajor and since retirements and losses in either the primary or the general elec hadtion aresulted decent groundingin a turnover in our of 1002issues. Republican and 541 Demo - crat Democratsstate legislators, gained unfortunately seats in 62 out including of the 99 many state people legislative who norsMichigan next andyear. Illinois Legislatures are among in all the of topthe tenstates states will in be population, in session, andmost we Americans have information (53%) will that live the in activists states with are targetingDemocrat at gover least ZAA Journal 32 chambers and picked up control of six, including the New York Texas, Kansas, North Carolina and Alabama for state-wide laws.

State attorney generals are responsible for issuing opinions on- what state laws actually mean, unless or until interpretation is watchingconferred carefully by a court. are theThis new can attorneys be incredibly general important elected asin Newstat ZAA Mid-Year Working Meeting York,utes are Michigan, often vague Colorado, or unclear. Nevada Some and of theWisconsin. people we These should new be March 28-30, 2019 suing the federal government, but there are a lot of ways that top lawyers for the state are likely to spend most of their time Buda, Texas Hosted by Austin Savanna they could make life miserable for us interpreting or proposing state laws as they attempt to seek enough publicity to support an eventual leap into their governors’ offices. Schedule at a Glance the sameClearly time, there when is bipartisan looking for interest defenders in legislation it has been containing largely either outright attacks or unintended consequences for us. At March 28 - Board of Directors Meeting true that GOP lawmakers generally have been more open to- considerationground. of impacts on small business and practical appli cations, since many of them come to the capital with this back March 29 Committee Meetings: The election produced other results that bear watching. A ballot issue prohibiting dog racing in the state where 11 out of- Education 17 tracks were located was approved by over two-thirds of the- Florida voters. A California ballot issue containing “the stron Business/Finance gest law against farm animal confinement in the world” accord Accreditation ing to Kitty Block, CEO of HSUS, passed with 60% of the vote. MembershipConference near Activists future to whocrusade have against worked confinement on putting of racing animals greyhounds which are and caged chickens or pigs out of business may find time in the Crisis Managment targetsnot destined are economically for family protein unable nourishment. to defend themselves, Lawsuits but are law the- VenomousWorkshops: Animal Management suitspreferred until methodrecently ofhave democratic been brought activism on laws because that manyset the of legal the Animal Training with Barbara Heidenreich The New York courts are currently evaluating the latest claim requirements for animal welfare or animal rights. - AMP ProgramMarch Masterplans 30 of “personhood” for animals, which we all know is not an assess Committee Meetings: ment of the way people view or treat animals but the method by Policy Advisory lawyerswhich lawyers are having can greatearn asuccess decent working living by with representing common lawthem nui in- sancecourt proceedingsagainst farming, against and wetheir should owners. be watching In the meantime, this very care trial- fully. Legislative Professional Development - bers The and HSUSvolunteers CEO brags who worked that “the for deep months pockets to mobilize of these millions special AMP/Conservation interest groups were no match for the energy of our staff mem MarketingWorkshops: & PR sameof voters level in of favor energy of Amendmentby our members 13 (Florida) to erect andguardrails Proposition of fa- Accreditation Inspector Training 12.” (California) We should take this to heart and devote the miliarity and respect around our elected officials. AMP Program Masterplans exotic We animals, have been which very are successful the laws in that working we thought to prevent would passage most of state laws restricting ownership, possession and breeding of- Austin Savanna Thank you to our sponsors erately successful thus far in amending laws which are designed Animal World & Snake Farm Zoo likely support lawsuits against our facilities. We have been mod Fort Worth Zoo to prevent traveling exhibits. We have gotten many amendments- Pittsburgh Zoo & PPG Aquarium lieveinserted to be to anprotect offer educationalof healthy family outreach time programs. and educational With your en- For more information, visit zaa.org gagementhelp we will with continue exotic tonatural defend resources what most which Americans could never still bebe

Wishing all of you the best holiday season ever! appreciated as fully otherwise. ZAA Journal 33 Calendar of Events

Feb. 2-6, 2019 International Rhino Keeper Workshop; May 6-10, 2019 Practical Zoo Nutrition Management; Orlando, FL Front Royal, VA rhinokeeperassociation.org smconservation.gmu.edu

Feb. 5-7, 2019 4th Annual Animal Training Workshop; May 18-22, International Associate for Aquatic Medi- San Antonio, TX 2019 cine Annual Conference; sazoo.org/trainingworkshop Durban, South Africa iaaam.org Feb. 20-23, International Association of Avian Trainers May 20-23, International Giraffid Conference; 2019 and Educators Annual Conference; 2019 Columbus, OH Orlando, FL reservations.columbuszoo.org/Policies.aspx iaate.org

Feb. 25-28, Perrissodactyla Conservation Symposium; May 22-24, Zoo Design Conference; 2019 West Palm Beach, FL 2019 Wroclaw, Poland perissodactyla.org zoodesignconference.com

June 19-22, International Herpetological Symposium; Mar. 9-10, 2019 2019 Wildlife and Exotic Animal Sympo- 2019 Belize City, Belize sium; Davis, CA internationalherpetologicalsymposium.com ce.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/symposia- events/2019-wildlife-and-exotic-animal- June 24-28, American Ornithological Society 137th symposium 2019 Meeting; Anchorage, AL Mar. 25-29, European Zoo Educators Conference; amornithmeeting.org 2019 Stockholm, Sweden July 1-4, 2019 International Society for Anthrozoology eaza.net 28th Annual Conference; Mar. 26-28, EEHV North American Workshop 2019; Lake Buena Vista, FL 2019 Houston, TX isaz2019.net http://houstonzoo.doubleknot.com/ July 21-25, 2019 International Congress for Conservation event/eehv-north-american-work- Biology; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia shop-2019/2455192 conbio.org/mini-sites/iccb-2019

Mar. 28-30, ZAA Mid-Year Working Meeting; July 21-28, 2019 National Zoo Keeper Week 2019 Buda, TX zaa.org Aug. 24-28, American Society of Ichthyologists and Mar. 30-Apr.3, 25th Annual Aquatic Animal Life Support 2019 Herpetologists Annual Meeting; 2019 Operators Symposium; Long Beach, CA Snowbird, UT aalso.org asih.org Aug. 25-28, Association of Zoological Horticulture An- Apr. 7-12, 2019 Animal Behavior Management Alliance 2019 nual Conference; Philadelphia, PA Conference; Portland, OR azh.org theabma.org Aug. 8-10, 2019 45th American Federation of Aviculture Apr. 9-10, 2019 Ape Cardio Health Workshop; Annual Educational Conference & Avian Waco, TX Expo; Orlando, FL greatapeheartproject.org/cpzworkshop afabirds.org

Apr. 13-18, Association of Zoos and Aquariums Mid- Aug. 18-22, American Association of Zoo Keepers An- 2019 Year Meeting; Phoenix, AZ 2019 nual Conference; Indianapolis, IN aza.org aazk.org

ZAA Journal 34 Aug. 24-28, 10th International Penguin Conference; June 22-26, Zoos & Aquariums Committing to Conser- 2019 Dunedin, New Zealand 2020 vation; Salt Lake City, UT penguin-conference.com zaccconference.com

Sept. 7-11, 2019 Association of Zoos and Aquariums Annual Aug. 30-Sept. 3, American Association of Zoo Keepers An- Conference; New Orleans, LA 2020 nual Conference; Los Angeles, CA aza.org aazk.org

Sept. 8-12, 2019 International Marine Animal Trainers’ As- October 11-15, International Zoo Educators Association sociation Conference; New Orleans, LA 2020 Conference; San Diego, CA imata.org izea.net

Sept. 17-21, European Association of Zoos and Aquaria Nov. 2020 ZAA 15th Annual Conference 2019 Annual Conference; Spain Fort Worth, TX eaza.net zaa.org

Sept. 23-26, Association of Zoo Veterinary Technicians 2019 Annual Conference; Colorado Springs, CO

azvt.org

Sept. 28-Oct 4, American Association of Zoo Veterinarians; 2019 St. Louis, MO Save The Date aazv.org ZAA Annual Conference Sept. 28-Oct 3, Association of Avian Veterinarians; November 15-18, 2019 2019 St. Louis, MO Montgomery, Alabama aav.org Hosted by Montgomery Zoo Oct. 7-10, 2019 40th Annual Elephant Managers Associa- tion Conference; Denver, CO elephantmanagers.com Conference Schedule

Oct. 7-13, 2019 Zoological Registrars Association Annual November 15 Conference; Granby, Quebec, Canada Pre-Conference Tour - Alabama Safari Park zooregistrars.org

Oct. 20-24, Aqurium & Zoo Facilities Assoication An- 2019 nual Conference; Oklahoma City, OK NovemberIce Breaker 16 azfa.org Presentations Nov. 2019 ZAA 14th Annual Conference KeynoteVendor BlenderSpeaker Montgomery, AL zaa.org November 17 Dec. 9-12, 2019 2nd World Marine Mammal Science Con- Zoo Day - Montgomery Zoo ference; Barcelona, Spain Presentations marinemammalscience.org Pub Crawl 2020 November 18 Presentations Jan. 5-10, 2020 9th World Congress of Herpetology; Auction Dunedin, New Zealand worldcongressofherpetology.org Awards banquet

ZAA Journal 35 ZAA Commercial Members

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