Index of Names and Titles

Home , Berengar of Tours

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Index of names and titles

Abelard, Peter, 129; Sicetnon, 256 n. 29; Berengar of Tours (Berengarius), 205 Theologia christiana, 219 n. 24 Bikenore, Thomas, 256 n. 31 Alan of Lille, 6, 153 Birch, John, 236 n. 54 Alexander of Hales, 64–5 Boethius, 91 , 108; Consolatio philosophiae, Alyngton, Robert, 93 31; De topicis differentiis, 228 n. 55; De Ambrose, St, 126, 201, 205–6 Trinitate, 53 Anselm, St, of Canterbury, 171 Boraston, Simon, 100 Aquinas, St Thomas, 9, 11–14, 32, 35, 37, Brut Chronicle, 147 47, 69, 193, 196, 213, 229 n. 62; Brut, Walter, 245 n. 46 Commentary on Aristotle’s Politics, 106; Buckingham, John, Bishop of Lincoln, Commentary on Boethius’s De Trinitate, 209 53; De potencia, 25; Questiones Buridan, Jean, 246 n. 59 quodlibetales, 12; Summa theologiae, 12, Butler, William, 18, 39, 86–7, 93–100, 53, 257 n. 39 109–110, 113, 227 n. 51, 255 n. 11 Aristotle, 2, 23, 25, 31, 35, 50, 62, 106, 165 Arundel, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, Caulibus, John de, 247 n. 3 19–21, 67, 147, 152, 168–9, 236 n. 54, Charter of Jesus Christ, The, 160 240 n. 47, 248 n. 9; Constitutions, Chaucer, Geoffrey, 145, 172 19–21, 86, 100, 152, 212–13, 248 n. 8 Chaundler, Thomas, 213 Ascensius, Jodocus Badius, 259 n. 65 Chrysostom, St John, 99, 198, 200 Augustine, St, of Hippo, 2, 4, 8, 10–11, 23, Clement VI, Pope, 260 n. 19 25, 29, 32, 33–4, 45, 48, 51, 59–61 , 69, Clement of Llanthony, Unum ex quattuor, 93, 73, 101, 114, 117, 155–6, 161, 186, 244 n. 22 199–205, 238 n. 16, 251 n. 53, 257 Colet, John, 213 n. 44 &n.49, 259 n. 66; Contra Courteys, John, 100 mendacium, 25; De civitate dei, 58; De consensu evangelistarum, 244 n. 22; De De heretico comburendo (1401), 19–20, 212 doctrina christiana, 35, 46–7, 53–4, 72, Dialogue between Reson and Gabbyng, 140–1 , 79, 103, 195–6, 201, 221 n. 38, 226 145 n. 30, 250 n. 32; De moribus ecclesiae Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite, 43, 259 catholicae, 93; De verbis domini, 204; n. 66; Ecclesiastical Hierarchy, 93, 95–6 Epistola ad Fortunatum, 105; Super Duns Scotus, John, 36, 96 Genesim ad litteram, 176, 197; Super Johannem Omelia 51, 89–90 Elisabeth of Hungary, Revelations, 171 Augustine (Triumphus) of Ancona, 93 English Wyclifﬁte Sermons, 16, 18–19, 111, 112–46, 149, 151, 155, 161, 226 n. 39, Bacon, Roger, 104–5 , 241 n. 61 ; Opus 242–7 tertium, 91 , 103 Eyton, John, 93 Badby, John, 175 Baxter, Margery, 238 n. 15 Fifteen Joys of Our Lady, 160 Bede, 91 , 106–8 Fifteen Oes, 160

291

Index of names and titles

Fitzralph, Richard, Archbishop of Armagh, 129, 146, 147–73, 235 n. 51, 240 n. 46, 11, 13–14, 107, 213, 231 n. 18; Summa 247–54; MSS of, 168–73, 259 n. 64 de questionibus armenorum, 13–14, 91 Ludolf of Saxony, Speculum vitae Christi, 252 Fleming, Robert, 213 n. 58 Flete, William Remedies Against Temptations, 168, 171 Maimonides, Moses, 97 Floretum, 245 n. 44 Mannyng, Robert, of Brunne, 147 Mirk, John, Festial, 244 n. 25 Galope, Jean, 171, 248 n. 12 Mohammed, Prophet, 227 n. 49 Gascoigne, Thomas, 213 Gerson, Jean, 144, 215, 246 n. 59 Netter, Thomas, of Walden, Doctrinale Giles of Rome, 37, 93 antiquitatum ﬁdei ecclesiae catholicae, 17, Glossa ordinaria, 9, 39, 109, 150 20, 92, 141, 145, 173, 174–208, 212, Glossed Gospels, 113, 132, 149, 151 236 n. 56&n.65, 244 n. 35, 245 n. 49, Gratian, 228 n. 52; Concordantia, 9 251 n. 43, 254–9;MSSof, 173, 206–7 Gray, William, 213 Nicholas of Lyra, 11–14, 59, 69, 72, 90–1 , Gregory the Great, St, 24, 102, 108, 206, 150, 193, 196, 226 n. 43, 229 n. 75, 238 n. 18, 250 n. 36 232 n. 20 Gregory IX, Pope, 260 n. 18 Nicodemus, Gospel of, 58, 160, 252 n. 59 Gregory XI, Pope, 22 Grosseteste, Robert, 34, 43, 93, 108, Ockham, William of, 3, 50, 77, 96, 210, 235 179–80 n. 47; Dialogus, 69 Oesterwik, Cornelius, 100 Henry of Brussels, 236 n. 61 Oldcastle, Sir John, 175 Hilary, of Poitiers, St, 200 Oon of Foure, 244 n. 22 Hildegard of Bingen, St, 73 Opus arduum, 143, 244 n. 33, 246 n. 52 Hilton, Walter, 93, 171, 252 n. 56; Scale of Origen, Super Leviticum, 99 Perfection, 147, 168 Orosius, Paulus, 93, 108 Holcot, Robert, Quodlibeta, 50 Ovid, 91 Homer, 58 Oxford, University of, 3, 11, 16–21, 49, 66, Honorius of Autun (Augustodunensis), 93 67, 83, 86, 92, 113, 174, 212–3, 234 Hugh of St Victor, 69, 100, 227 n. 47; n. 35, 260 n. 12 Didascalicon, 220 n. 34 Humbert of Romans, 227 n. 51 Palmer, Thomas, 18, 86–7, 93, 100–2, 106, 109, 110, 227 n. 51, 237 n. 6, Irenaeus, St, 259 n. 66 241 n. 54 &n.56 Paris, University of, 214, 260 n. 18 &n.19 Jean de Jandun, 246 n. 59 Pecock, Reginald, 202, 213, 230 n. 1 , Jerome, St, 57, 59, 70–3, 92, 100, 103, 105, 258 n. 52 150, 188, 198, 205, 213, 231 n. 18, 251 Penthesilea, 90 n. 43, 259 n. 66; Ad Paulinam, 88; Peter Lombard, Quattuor libri sententiarum, Contra Jovinian, 89 9, 214, 219 n. 26 John Damascene, St, 202 Plato, 58 John of Salisbury, 144; Policraticus, 203, 218 Porete, Margarete, Mirouer des simples ames, n. 19 172, 254 n. 80 Junilius, Africanus, Instituta regularia divinae Prickynge of Love, The, 171 legis, 79 Privity of the Passion, The, 147 Pseudo-Bonaventura, Meditationes vitae Kempe, Margery, 238 n. 15 Christi, 19, 147–8, 154, 156, 159, 161, Kenningham, John, 237 n. 67 163–7, 170–2 Konrad of Megenburg, 227 n. 51 Raban Maur, 36 Langton, Stephen, 249 n. 21 Radcliffe, Nicholas, Dialogi, 22 Lanterne of Li t, The, 152 Richard of St Victor, Benjamin major, Legenda aurea, 160 252 n. 56 Love, Nicholas, Mirror of the Blessed Life of Robert of Basevorn, Forma praedicandi, 244 Jesus Christ, 16, 19, 39, 111, 113, 115, n. 20 292

Index of names and titles

Rolle, Richard of Hampole, 93, 108, 168; Woodford, William, 16–18, 20, 39, 59, 66, Psalter Commentary, 113, 151; Lollard 67–85, 92, 114, 145, 176, 177, 183, revision of, 249 n. 26 189, 190, 195, 230–7; Contra Trialogum Rossi, Giovanni Battista de, 259 n. 65 Wiclevi, 100, 241 n. 54; De causis condemnacionis articulorum 18 Seneca, 91 damnatorum Joannis Wyclif, 67; De Seven Poyntes of Trewe Love and Everlastynge dominio civili clericorum, 67, 232 n. 23; Wisdome, 171 De sacramento altaris, 233 n. 23; Siger of Brabant, 236 n. 61 Determinatione de civili dominio, 22; Skylan, John, 256 n. 31 Postilla, 235 n. 52; Quattuor Speculum devotorum, 252 n. 58 determinationes in materia de religione, Stephen of Tournai, 227 n. 51, 17, 67–85, 174, 213; Responsiones contra 240 n. 45 Wiclevum, 235 n. 50 Swinderby, William, 209–10, 259 n. 5 Wyclif, John, 1 , 2, 3, 5 , 7, 8, 11, 12, 14, Sylvester I, Pope, 67 16–20, 22–69, 71 –5 , 83–5 , 86–7, 92–3, 100–2, 105, 108, 115, 132, 143–4, 158, Taylor, William, 175 161, 165, 174–86, 189, 192–201, 37 Conclusions, 238 n. 15 203–7, 212–13, 215, 217 n. 4, 223–30, Thomas of Sutton, 93 237 n. 67, 242 n. 69, 251 n. 43, 255 Thorpe, William, 240 n. 47 n. 17&n.18; De apostasia, 1 , 73–5 , 79, Trefnant, John, Bishop of Hereford, 81, 84, 180, 204; De civili dominio, 22, 209–10 226 n. 29, 233 n. 23; De divinis mandatis, 258 n. 56; De ecclesia, 96–7; Ullerston, Richard, 18, 86, 242 n. 72; De nova praevaricantia mandatorum, Defensorium dotacionis ecclesiae, 87, 239 108; De logica, 229 n. 61 ; De potestate n. 23; Determinatio, 87–93, 102–11; pape, 239 n. 23; De universalibus, English version of Determinatio, 28–29, 229 n. 71 ; De veritate sacre 242 n. 69; Petitiones, 87, 242 n. 75 scripture, 17, 22–66, 71 , 114, 149, 179, 243 n. 12 &n.18, 248 n. 16; Dialogus Vae octuplex, 143 sive speculum ecclesie militantis, 226 Vincent of Beauvais, 259 n. 64; De n. 39; Postilla super totam Bibliam, 23, instructione puerorum nobilium, 41 –2, 224 n. 14, 226 n. 33, 227 n. 43 100 &n.47, 228 n. 60, 229 n. 62, 231 Virgil, 58 n. 12, 235 n. 52, 236 n. 64; Principium, 81; Sermones, 113; Tractatus de ofﬁcio Waldby, John, 93 pastorali, 243 n. 20; Trialogus, 100, 198 Waldby, Robert, 93 Wyclifﬁte Bible, 69, 71 –2, 101–2, 105, 147, White, William, 175, 202, 243 n. 19, 149–51, 229 n. 76, 248 n. 15 258 n. 56 Wykeham, John, 239 n. 30 Wife of Bath, The, 145 William of Nottingham, 13, 93 Ximenes de Cisneros, Francisco, Cardinal Wodeham, Adam, 234 n. 35 Archbishop of Toledo, 248 n. 12

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academia, medieval, 1 –7, 15–16, 18, 20, 49, dominium, 22–3, 26, 28, 82, 232 n. 23, 243 66, 94, 115, 133, 211–16, 222 n. 62, n. 16 236 n. 54, 259 n. 7, 260 n. 9 dulia, 203 affectivity, 19, 99, 111, 146, 153–4, 156–7, 196, 202, 240 n. 46 ecclesia primitiva, 1 –2, 7, 16, 59, 67, 82, 90–1 , analogy, 28–30 176, 185–6, 189, 191, 207, 232 n. 23 anti-intellectualism, Lollard, 2, 138–9, ‘ecstatic dissent’, 118, 138, 211 245 n. 46 &n.47 equivocity, 28–9, 31–2, 56, 62–3, 127–8, apocrypha, 33–5 , 58–9, 149–50, 163–4, 197–8 168, 205–6, 232 n. 23 Eucharist, 1 , 26, 97–8, 110, 126, 135, 148, artes praedicandi, 243 n. 20, 246 n. 64 161, 163–5 , 176–9, 197–200, 204–5 , 212, 234 n. 35 ‘Book of Life, the’, 43, 44, 55–6, 59, 71 , 75, exposicio, 63, 117, 149, 155, 158 122 ‘fable’, 25, 73, 135, 244 n. 33 caritas, 10–11, 53–4, 58, 61 , 63, 102, fall (hermeneutic), 40–1 116–17, 136, 139, 150, 182, 195–6, Fathers of the Church, 220 n. 34; exegetical 201, 207, 221 n. 38 role of, 8, 9, 16, 53, 73, 186–91, 195, circumstantia litterae, 26, 45–7, 126, 131, 200–1 , 207, 230 n. 83, 256 n. 29 & 181, 193–8, 201 n. 31, 257 n. 40, 259 n. 66; originalia confession, oral, 148, 161, 165, of, 9, 259 n. 66 238 n. 19 fides antiqua scripture, 1 contingents, 94–5 ‘figurative’ language, 12–13, 24, 25, 29–35, Council of Constance, 175, 215, 40, 48, 53, 102, 122–4, 198–200, 259 n. 4 226 n. 29 &n.30 Council of Nicaea, 256 n. 26 florilegia, 203, 227 n. 52, 247 n. 65 Council of Pisa, 85, 175 Fourth Lateran Council (1215), 50 curiositas, 48, 115, 127, 133, 159, 164 freedom, intellectual, 15, 17, 18, 21, 210–15, 222 n. 62 desire, hermeneutic, 39, 129, 132, 158 fundare (to ‘ground’), 63, 73, 102, 114, 115, dialectic, 4, 5 , 10, 48, 83, 85, 144, 204, 206, 117, 136, 138–9, 141, 157, 230 n. 1 , 218 n. 12, 246 n. 57; moral dialectic, 233 n. 24, 250 n. 34 &n.40 144 dialogism (and monologism), 6, 7, 9–10, 17, glossing, 1 , 7–9, 45, 63, 73, 86, 109, 115, 20, 39, 49, 63–6, 143–6, 182–3, 193, 120–1 , 132, 135, 137, 143, 149, 150–1 , 213 168, 179–81, 217 n. 2, 230 n. 84, 243 disputation, 4–6, 21, 49, 52, 62–3, 68, 75, n. 20 83–5 , 98, 108, 145, 194, 196, 204, 206, gospel preaching, 108 213, 218 n. 12, 246 n. 57, 247 n. 65; grammar, 43, 51–2, 102, 106–7, 210, and spiritual senses of Scripture, 242 n. 65 194–5 grammarians, 120–1 , 127

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hierarchy 71 , 85, 149, 228 n. 60, 229 n. 62, 236 ecclesiastical, 18, 39, 84, 88, 90, 92–3, n. 64 95–7, 100, 107, 134, 192, 239 n. 20, 256 n.22; of languages, materia subiecta, 77 105–6 metaphor, 12, 17, 23–5 , 28–9, 35, 121–2, history, consciousness of, 68, 81–2, 85, 185, 225 n. 25 235 n. 47 minor mundus, 31 ‘horizontal classroom’, Lollard, 130 miracles, 98–9, 161 humanism, 6 moderni, 73, 179, 186 hypocrisy, 116–20, 131, 243 n. 16 morales allegoriarum ﬂores, 195 images, 93, 175, 201–3, 232 n. 23, ‘naked text’, 86, 108, 128, 166, 178, 252 258 n. 52 n. 57 ‘imagination’, 19, 73, 154–5 , 159, 202, 233 natural sciences, 75–7, 165, 234 n. 35 n. 26, 250 n. 32, 251 n. 45 ‘reasonable nominalism, 217 n. 4 imagination’, 163–4, 251 n. 56 nudum textum, see naked text intellectuality, vernacular, 2, 15–19, 21, 110, 113, 155, 173, 210–11 originalia, 9, 150, 195, 207, 228 n. 53, 248 insolubilis, 128 n. 20, 259 n. 66 intentio auctoris (including divine intention), 7, 12–16, 19, 23, 27–8, 32, 35–9, parables, 12, 25–8, 32–5 , 99, 121–3, 129 41 –5 , 49, 55, 61 , 70–5 , 78, 101–2, Pope 117, 120–4, 128–9, 131–3, 135, 138, fallibility of, 119; false laws and traditions 149, 158, 160, 165–8, 177, 181, of, 116–7, 138–9, 141–2, 145;and 195–6, 198–201, 204, 206–7, 210, pardons, 116; power of, 60–1 , 100, 183, 215, 231 n. 11 &n.12, 233 n. 30& 227 n. 49; and the schism, 124, 131, n. 31 138 inventio, 250 n. 32 positivism, 66, 124, 126–7, 133, 140, 144–5 , 183, 185, 195, 204, 207, 216, 230 n. 84 Jesus Christ, mystical body of, 84, 88, 97–8, potentia absoluta and ordinata, 96 189, 238 n. 11, 256 n. 23 prayers, Lollard dismissals of, 251 n. 43 ‘judaising’, 14, 82, 222 n. 57 predication, essential, 29, 31–2 ‘private religions’, 67, 83–4, 127, laity 137–8, 175 and disputation, 21, 89, 98, 238 n. 18; pueri (hermeneutic abilities of ), 42–3, 73, intellectual abilities and limits of, 44, 60, 176–7, 227 n. 46 73, 87–8, 95–100, 102, 132–3, 151–5 , 227 n. 51, 230 n. 79, 240 n. 43 & questio, 211 n. 45, 259 n. 7; and preaching/teaching, questionista, 40, 226 n. 38 89–91 , 238 n. 15,n.16&n.18;and quodlibeta, 4–5 , 75, 83 sacraments, 90, 238 n. 19 law realism, philosophical, 28–30, 35, 96 canon law, 83, 232 n. 23, 238 n. 19, 246 reason, 2, 8, 11, 21, 23, 52–4, 65, 85, 93–4, n. 52, 259 n. 66; civil law, 97–8;and 132, 139–41 , 161–6, 168, 187, 196, custom, 105, 141, 246 n. 53;Lollard 209, 211, 214, 217 n. 4, 228 n. 54, 236 vision of, 141–2; medieval concepts of, n. 65, 245 n. 49, 251 n. 56, 257 n. 44 241 n. 64;seelex christi ‘open reason’, 85, 102, 140, 149, 164 lectio (meditative), 146, 154–5 , 159, 170, recte vivendi (‘right living’), 23, 60–1 , 96, 250 n. 43 115–17, 119, 128, 138, 182 lex christi (‘God’s Law’), 22, 68, 114–5 , revelation, 2, 8, 11, 16, 21, 23, 42, 44, 64, 117–9, 121–2, 137, 139, 140–2, 152, 66, 70, 116, 118, 132, 138, 143–4, 239 n. 20, 245 n. 47, 246 n. 52 181–2, 201, 211–12, 214, 231 n. 12, logic, 2, 15, 29, 31, 49–50, 83–5 , 127–8, 244 n. 35, 256 n. 22 144, 194–5 , 215, 228 n. 54 &n.55, rhetoric, 2, 4, 5 , 10, 46–7, 49, 65–6, 143–5 , 244 n. 30, 259 n. 7;dualityof,246 152, 154, 157–8, 194, 207–8, 228 n. 59; legal, 233 n. 30; scriptural, n. 55, 230 n. 84, 243 n. 20, 250 n. 32, 23, 31–2, 44, 46–53, 60, 62–3, 65, 251 n. 43

295

General index

saints 133–6, 143, 158, 160–1 , 165–6, 200, lives of, 108; Lollard attitudes to, 160, 242 215, 222 n. 57, 231 n. 11, 257 n. 39; n. 69 sensus misticus, 26–30, 34, 37–8, 62, 69, sapientia, 2, 8, 16, 23, 44, 54, 56, 60–1 , 77, 136, 161, 231 n. 11; sensus moralis, 64–5 , 182, 196, 214, 229 n. 62 36–7, 101, 128–9; sensus orthodoxus, 37; scepticism, 6, 17, 18, 20, 66, 77–8, 85, 145, sensus per adaptationem, 6, 39, 226 174, 183, 196, 213, 215, 222 n. 61 , n. 37, 250 n. 38; sensus spiritualis, 234 n. 35 12–14, 29, 69, 77–8, 101–2, 115, 136, scholasticum carmen, 195 155, 200–1 , 222 n. 57; sensus spiritualis scholasticus ludus, 85, 145, 194, 236 n. 56 and disputation, 194–5 ; sensus spiritualis schools, Lollard, 112 and preaching, 146, 246 n. 64; sensus scientia, 2, 8, 16, 21, 23, 28, 42, 44, 47, 49, tropologicus, 36–7, 62, 68, 76, 101, 133; 50, 52, 54, 60–5 , 120, 127, 182, 193–6, ‘supplemented senses’ (supplere), 6, 201, 203, 207, 214, 228 n. 54, 229 33–4, 61 , 63, 256 n. 19; triplex, n. 62 quadruplex sensus litteralis, 42 scientia pietatis, 215 sophistry, 4, 52, 127, 186, 218 n. 12, scriptura sola, 14, 168 236 n. 64, 259 n. 5 Scripture Spielernst, 83, 145 canon of, 18, 58–9, 72, 75, 78–9, 149–50, subalternatio, 229 n. 62 152, 190–2, 232 n. 21 &n.22 &n.23; subtilitas (‘sutilte’), 52, 69, 98, 120, 121, 126, ﬁve grades of, 54, 56, 59, 71 , 229 n. 71 ; 132–3, 135, 195, 243 n. 19, 257 n. 40 ‘form’ of, 48, 69, 85, 118, 127, 149; logic of, see logic, scriptural; ‘textual community’, 19, 77, 124–5 presentation in Lollard MSS, 150–1 ; textual criticism (of the Bible), 8, 16–7, 23, selective reading of, 45, 156; translation 54–9, 71 –2, 93–4, 103–4, 114, 122, of, 16, 18–9, 66, 86–111, 248 n. 8; 127, 149–50, 203–7, 229 n. 75, 231 unity of, 23, 52, 121–2, 255 n. 17 n. 17&n.18, 232 n. 19&n.20, Scripture, senses of 248 n. 21 ‘dark’ senses, 60, 129–30, 132, 140, 150; Tradition, 2, 8–11, 16, 39, 50, 64–5 , 68, duplex sensus litteralis, 13, 42, 226 n. 43; 70–1 , 72, 78, 105, 107, 115, 125, 141, ‘explicit’ and ‘implicit’ senses, 68–9, 72, 143, 149, 155, 175, 182–5 , 189, 192–3, 75, 78–80, 231 n. 11; ‘express’ 196, 200–1 , 203, 207, 220 n. 34, 225 meanings, 33, 67, 72, 75, 79, 114, 122, n. 25, 231 n. 7, 232 n. 23, 234 n. 43, 124–5 , 155, 163, 166–7, 180, 202–3, 237 n. 69, 256 n. 22 &n.29; ‘Tradition 226 n. 28, 230 n. 1 , 250 n. 34; four i’, 8, 188–9, 234 n. 39 ‘Tradition ii’, senses, 12, 35–42, 135–6; mediate et 234 n. 39 inmediate, 37–9, 44, 226 n. 33 & ‘trewe men’, 119, 137 n. 35; multiplex sensus litteralis, 41 ; ‘open’ meanings, 7, 102, 120–1 , 128, universals, 28, 30, 31, 229 n. 71 130–4, 159–61 , 165, 239 n. 21, 240 n. 36, 251 n. 46; sensus aggregatus, 38, vana philosophia, 195, 244 n. 33 226 n. 37; sensus allegoricus, 12, 13, 25, versiﬁed Bibles, 91 36–7, 62, 68, 76, 101–2, 135, 195; virtus intentionis, 43 sensus anagogicus, 36–7, 62, 68, 76, virtus sermonis, 32, 35–6, 77, 210, 101–2, 133; sensus applicatus, 6, 132, 225 n. 27 245 n. 40 &n.41 ; sensus catholicus, vocabulary, Lollard, 19, 155, 165 27–8, 39, 40; sensus historicus, 37, 68–9, Vulgate, authority of, 57, 71 , 105, 150 75; sensus litteralis, 11–16, 19, 32, 34–42, 53, 68–9, 75–8, 97, 101–2, 129, ‘wit’ and ‘will’, 139–40

296