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The KNIGHT REVISION of HORNBOSTEL-SACHS: a New Look at Musical Instrument Classification
The KNIGHT REVISION of HORNBOSTEL-SACHS: a new look at musical instrument classification by Roderic C. Knight, Professor of Ethnomusicology Oberlin College Conservatory of Music, © 2015, Rev. 2017 Introduction The year 2015 marks the beginning of the second century for Hornbostel-Sachs, the venerable classification system for musical instruments, created by Erich M. von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs as Systematik der Musikinstrumente in 1914. In addition to pursuing their own interest in the subject, the authors were answering a need for museum scientists and musicologists to accurately identify musical instruments that were being brought to museums from around the globe. As a guiding principle for their classification, they focused on the mechanism by which an instrument sets the air in motion. The idea was not new. The Indian sage Bharata, working nearly 2000 years earlier, in compiling the knowledge of his era on dance, drama and music in the treatise Natyashastra, (ca. 200 C.E.) grouped musical instruments into four great classes, or vadya, based on this very idea: sushira, instruments you blow into; tata, instruments with strings to set the air in motion; avanaddha, instruments with membranes (i.e. drums), and ghana, instruments, usually of metal, that you strike. (This itemization and Bharata’s further discussion of the instruments is in Chapter 28 of the Natyashastra, first translated into English in 1961 by Manomohan Ghosh (Calcutta: The Asiatic Society, v.2). The immediate predecessor of the Systematik was a catalog for a newly-acquired collection at the Royal Conservatory of Music in Brussels. The collection included a large number of instruments from India, and the curator, Victor-Charles Mahillon, familiar with the Indian four-part system, decided to apply it in preparing his catalog, published in 1880 (this is best documented by Nazir Jairazbhoy in Selected Reports in Ethnomusicology – see 1990 in the timeline below). -
The Acoustics of a Tenor Recorder
The Acoustics of a Tenor Recorder by D. D. McKinnon A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts & Sciences of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts Department of Physics 2009 This thesis entitled: The Acoustics of a Tenor Recorder written by D. D. McKinnon has been approved for the Department of Physics Prof. John Price Prof. John Cumalat Prof. Peter Kratzke Date iii McKinnon, D. D. (B.A., Physics) The Acoustics of a Tenor Recorder Thesis directed by Prof. John Price The study of acoustics is rooted in the origins of physics, yet the dynamics of flue-type instruments are still only qualitatively understood. Our group has developed a measurement system, the Acoustic VNA, which can precisely determine acoustic wave amplitudes of the lowest mode propagating in a cylindrical waveguide. I used the AVNA to study a musical oscillator, the tenor recorder. The recorder consists of two compo- nents, an air-jet amplifier driven by the player’s breath and a cylindrical waveguide resonator with an effective length that may by varied by covering or uncovering finger holes. Previous research on the recorder has focused on understanding the resonator frequencies in some detail, but has only provided a rough understanding of the air-jet. In particular, there is not yet a quantitative understanding of how the pitch varies with blowing pressure for a given fingering. I designed several experiments to provide a quantitative picture of how the air-jet behaves at different blowing pressures and discov- ered that higher blowing pressures lead to stronger amplification at higher frequencies. -
Full Spectrum of Selves in Modern Chinese Literature: from Lu Xun to Xiao Hong
UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Full Spectrum of Selves in Modern Chinese Literature: From Lu Xun to Xiao Hong Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5022k8qv Author Ho, Felicia Jiawen Publication Date 2012 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Full Spectrum of Selves in Modern Chinese Literature: From Lu Xun to Xiao Hong A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in East Asian Languages and Cultures by Felicia Jiawen Ho 2012 © Copyright by Felicia Jiawen Ho 2012 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Full Spectrum of Selves in Modern Chinese Literature: From Lu Xun to Xiao Hong by Felicia Jiawen Ho Doctor of Philosophy in East Asian Languages and Cultures University of California, Los Angeles, 2012 Professor Shu-mei Shih, Chair Despite postcolonial theory’s rejection of legacies of Western imperial dominance and cultural hierarchy, the superiority of Euro-American notions of subjectivity remains a persistent theme in third world cross-cultural literary analysis. Interpretations of the Chinese May Fourth era often reduce the period to one of wholesale westernization and cultural self- repudiation. Euro-American notions of the self often reify ideologies of individuality, individualism, rationalism, evolution, and a “self-versus-society” dichotomy, viewing such positions as universal and applicable for judging decolonizing others. To interrogate this assumption, I examine the writing of Lu Xun and Xiao Hong, two May Fourth writers whose fictional characters present innovative, integrated, heterogeneous selves that transcend Western ii critical models. This “full spectrum of selves” sustains contradicting pulls of identity—the mental (the rational, the individual), the bodily (the survivalist, the affective), the cerebral (the moral), the social (the relational, the organismic), as well as the spiritual and the cosmic. -
Finale Transposition Chart, by Makemusic User Forum Member Motet (6/5/2016) Trans
Finale Transposition Chart, by MakeMusic user forum member Motet (6/5/2016) Trans. Sounding Written Inter- Key Usage (Some Common Western Instruments) val Alter C Up 2 octaves Down 2 octaves -14 0 Glockenspiel D¯ Up min. 9th Down min. 9th -8 5 D¯ Piccolo C* Up octave Down octave -7 0 Piccolo, Celesta, Xylophone, Handbells B¯ Up min. 7th Down min. 7th -6 2 B¯ Piccolo Trumpet, Soprillo Sax A Up maj. 6th Down maj. 6th -5 -3 A Piccolo Trumpet A¯ Up min. 6th Down min. 6th -5 4 A¯ Clarinet F Up perf. 4th Down perf. 4th -3 1 F Trumpet E Up maj. 3rd Down maj. 3rd -2 -4 E Trumpet E¯* Up min. 3rd Down min. 3rd -2 3 E¯ Clarinet, E¯ Flute, E¯ Trumpet, Soprano Cornet, Sopranino Sax D Up maj. 2nd Down maj. 2nd -1 -2 D Clarinet, D Trumpet D¯ Up min. 2nd Down min. 2nd -1 5 D¯ Flute C Unison Unison 0 0 Concert pitch, Horn in C alto B Down min. 2nd Up min. 2nd 1 -5 Horn in B (natural) alto, B Trumpet B¯* Down maj. 2nd Up maj. 2nd 1 2 B¯ Clarinet, B¯ Trumpet, Soprano Sax, Horn in B¯ alto, Flugelhorn A* Down min. 3rd Up min. 3rd 2 -3 A Clarinet, Horn in A, Oboe d’Amore A¯ Down maj. 3rd Up maj. 3rd 2 4 Horn in A¯ G* Down perf. 4th Up perf. 4th 3 -1 Horn in G, Alto Flute G¯ Down aug. 4th Up aug. 4th 3 6 Horn in G¯ F# Down dim. -
Imagines-Numero-4-Maggio-2020.Pdf
Imagines è pubblicata a Firenze dalle Gallerie degli Uffizi Direttore responsabile Eike D. Schmidt Redazione Dipartimento Informatica e Strategie Digitali Coordinatore Gianluca Ciccardi Coordinatore delle iniziative scientifiche delle Gallerie degli Uffizi Fabrizio Paolucci Hanno lavorato a questo numero 4 Andrea Biotti, Antonella Madalese, Gianluca Matarrelli, Patrizia Naldini maggio 2020 ISSN n. 2533-2015 indice n. 4 (maggio 2020) 6 EIKE D. SCHMIDT TRA SPECCHIO E SMARTPHONE. UNA PARTITA DA VEDERE 112 ISABELL FRANCONI “[…] RIDURRE A MAGGIOR PERFEZIONE E SOMIGLIANZA”? 10 Le modalità di ricezione degli autoritratti d’artista degli Uffizi FABRIZIO PAOLUCCI nel Museo Fiorentino e la definizione del termine “somiglianza” nel Settecento MARMORA AURATA L’uso della doratura nella statuaria classica delle Gallerie degli Uffizi: i risultati di un decennio di ricerche 134 ANNA MARIA PROCAJLO 54 LEOPOLDO DE’ MEDICI E LA SUA RICERCA SISTEMATICA SILVIA MALAGUZZI DEL “RITRATTO FATTO DI SUA PROPRIA MANO” RAFFAELLO E I GIOIELLI ALLE GALLERIE DEGLI UFFIZI Elisabetta Gonzaga, Maddalena Doni e la Velata 152 GIULIA COCO 76 “A DONATELLO NELL’ARTE RINASCENTE SCULTORE” GAIL FEIGENBAUM L’omaggio dell’Accademia del Disegno a cinquecento anni dalla nascita AN EVANESCENT CORPUS OF SELF-PORTRAITS BY ANNIBALE CARRACCI IN THE UFFIZI 180 GIANLUCA SPOSATO 98 GLI UOMINI ILLUSTRI DI ANDREA DEL CASTAGNO ANNALENA DÖRING ALLE GALLERIE DEGLI UFFIZI GLI ESPERIMENTI CROMATICI DI CARLO LASINIO Vicende conservative, collezionistiche e museografiche Eike D. Schmidt TRA SPECCHIO E SMARTPHONE. UNA PARTITA DA VEDERE Nell’evoluzione della specie umana, per milioni di anni il volto è stato il “punto cie- co” nella percezione delle proprie sembianze. Ancora poche migliaia d’anni fa, il ri- specchiamento di sé su una superficie riflettente – il fenomeno che nella mitologia greca si traduce nel caso tragico ed emblematico di Narciso – è stata un’esperienza impressionante e fuori dal comune, paragonabile per rarità al fenomeno acustico dell’eco che si verifica solo in rare situazioni. -
Indipendenza
ItinerariItinerari PIAZZE FFIRENZEIRENZE e 17th may 2009 nell’nell’800 MUSICA Piazza dell’Indipendenza The 19th Century Florence itineraries: Squares and Music ThTTheh brass band of the Scuola Marescialli e Brigadieri deddeie Carabinieri is one of the fi ve Carabinieri bands whwwhoseh origin lies in the buglers of the various Legions TheTh 19th19th CenturyC t FlorenceFl ititinerariesi i – 17th1717 h may 2009200009 of the Carabinieri, from which the fi rst bands were designed signifi cantly to coincide with Piazza later formed with brass and percussion instruments. the150th anniversary of the unifi cation of dell’Indipendenza, Today the Brass Band – based in Florence at the Tuscany to the newly born unifi ed state (1859 11.00 am-12.30 am School with the same name – is a small band with – 2009) – will take citizens and tourists on the a varied repertoire (symphonies, operas, fi lm sound discovery of the traces of a Century that left a Fanfara (Brass tracks as well as blues and jazz), especially trained for profound impression on the face of Florence. band) of the its main activity: the performance of ceremonies with The idea is to restore the role of 19th Century Scuola Marescialli assemblies and marches typical of military music. The band wears the so-called Grande Uniforme Speciale, a Florence within the collective imagination, e Brigadieri alongside the Florence of Medieval and very special uniform with its typical hat known as the Renaissance times. This is why one of the dell’Arma dei “lucerna” (cocked hat) and the red and white plume Carabinieri that sets it apart from the musicians of other units of Century’s typical customs will be renewed: the Carabinieri (red-blue plume). -
Flute Oboe Clarinet Basson Saxophone Trumpet French Horn
PROGRAM ECMS High School Wind Ensemble Personnel Tribute to Grainger, arr. Ragsdale Percy Aldridge Grainger Flute Trombone Andrew Bronco arr. Chalon Ragsdale Mary Ehrlinger Zachary Canning I. Country Gardens Alena Scott Tyler Dawe II. My Dark-Haired Maid Camryn Wlostowski III. The Gypsy’s Wedding Day Shaun Fitzgerald Justin Karnisky Oboe Michael McKenzie Claire Houston Aidan Ross Concertino Cécile Chaminade Samuel Stringer ed. Wilkins Alena Scott, flute soloist Clarinet Euphonium Sean Devlin Melissa Cannan Cole Karnisky Greg Lewandowski Peter Odhiambo Chuck Linn Graham His Yu Justyn Loney-Newman Jupiter Hymn Gustav Holst Rainna Frombgen arr. Lindsay Bronnenkant Tuba Lindsay Bronnenkant, conductor Basson Ziv Rapoport Briana Rafferty Ethan Smith Henry Stringer String Bass Saint and the City Jacob de Haan Saxophone Samuel Bowley Isabel Goldstein Samantha Kotz Gabriel Williams Percussion Cameron Connioto Angels Will Come Quincy Hilliard Trumpet Jared Emerson Evan Preston Tyler Hancock Felix Schneider Gabriel Foster Moving at the Speed of Sound Mark Lortz Wu Ryu Sean Watson French Horn Russian Sailors Dance Reinhold Glière Angelique Brewington arr. Anthony Susi SUMMER@EASTMAN June 20 – August 28, 2021 Join us for another summer of exceptional music making at Eastman, with special guest artists, Community Music School and collegiate faculty, and Summer Session program participants! Events are either free and open to the public or ticketed. Tickets are $10 (free for U/R or student ID holders) and are available at the door one hour before the concert start time. For more information about Summer@Eastman, please visit: www.esm.rochester.edu/summer ECMS High School Wind Ensemble Participant Concert July 23, 2021 11:00 a.m. -
Bassoonbassoon 2018–2021 2018–2021 GRADE 1
BassoonBassoon 2018–2021 2018–2021 GRADE 1 THREE PIECES: one chosen by the candidate from each of the three Lists, A, B and C: COMPOSER PIECE / WORK / ARRANGER PUBLICATION (PUBLISHER) A 1 Aubert Gavotte, arr. Hilling & Bergmann First Book of Bassoon Solos (Faber) 2 Jacques Menuet du Tambourin, arr. Hilling & Bergmann First Book of Bassoon Solos (Faber) Hotteterre 3 Diabelli Serenade (from Op. 125), arr. Wastall P. 22 from Learn as You Play Bassoon (Boosey & Hawkes ) 4 Diabelli The Carousel, arr. Denwood 16 Progressive Pieces for Bassoon (Emerson) 5 Gurlitt See-Saw, arr. Denwood 16 Progressive Pieces for Bassoon (Emerson) 6 Pepusch Youth’s the Season Made for Joys, arr. Sparke Sounds Classical for Bassoon (Anglo Music) 7 Vogel Waltz, arr. Sparke Sounds Classical for Bassoon (Anglo Music) 8 Trad. The Mallow Fling, arr. Lawrance Easy Winners for Bassoon (Brass Wind +) 9 Trad. German Wooden Heart, arr. Lawrance Easy Winners for Bassoon (Brass Wind +) 10 Trad. Czech The Little Drummer Boy, arr. Denley Time Pieces for Bassoon, Vol. 1 (ABRSM ◊) B 1 Bruns & A Pirate’s Life for Me, arr. Lawrance Winner Scores All for Bassoon (Brass Wind ) Atencio 2 John Burness Slow Waltz or Allegro (No. 1 or No. 2 from Four John Burness: Four Easy Pieces (Paterson’s) Easy Pieces) 3 Roma Cafolla Hush-a-bye or Musical Box (from Playaround Roma Cafolla: Playaround for Bassoon, Book 2: Revised for Bassoon) Edition 2017 (Forton Music) 4 Colin Cowles Catchy Toon or Croonin’ ’oon (No. 3 or No. 6 Colin Cowles: 25 Fun Moments for Bassoon from 25 Fun Moments for Bassoon) (Studio Music) 5 Chris Hazell West Point upper note in bb. -
Trumpet, Cornet, Flugelhorn GRADE 5 from 2017
Trumpet, Cornet, Flugelhorn GRADE 5 from 2017 THREE PIECES: one chosen by the candidate from each of the three Lists, A, B and C: LIST A 1 Bizet Chanson bohème. Great Winners, arr. Lawrance (Brass Wind: brass edition; B piano accomp. published & b separately) 2 J. Clarke The Prince of Denmark’s March. No. 9 from Old English Trumpet Tunes, Book 1, arr. Lawton (OUP) 3 Debussy The Girl with the Flaxen Hair. Winning Matrix for Trumpet, arr. Lawrance (Brass Wind: & brass edition; piano accomp. published separately) 4 John Frith Caber Dance ¸ Shining Brass, Book 2 (ABRSM: / brass edition; B piano accomp. published ˝ & ? b 5 David A. Stowell Jam Bouree ˛ separately) 6 Gibbons Coranto (ending at Fig. D). No. 2 from Gibbons Keyboard Suite for Trumpet, arr. Cruft (Stainer & Bell 2588: B b/C edition) 7 Hummel Romanze. Time Pieces for Trumpet, Vol. 3, arr. Harris and Wallace (ABRSM) 8 Schubert Ave Maria. Trumpet in Church, arr. Denwood (Emerson E283) 9 Verdi Triumphal March (from Aida). Onstage Brass for Trumpet, arr. Calland (Stainer & Bell H430) LIST B 1 Tom Davoren Lindy Hop! ¸ Shining Brass, Book 2 (ABRSM: / brass edition; B piano accomp. published ˝ & ? b 2 Peter Meechan Final Thought ˛ separately) 3 Barry Gray Thunderbirds. Great Winners, arr. Lawrance (Brass Wind: brass edition; B piano accomp. published & b separately) 4 Joplin Solace: A Mexican Serenade. Concert Repertoire for Trumpet, arr. Calland (Faber) 5 Bryan Kelly Miss Slight (Spinster of this Parish): No. 4 from Whodunnit – Suite for Trumpet (Stainer & Bell H442) 6 McCabe P. B. Blues: No. 3 from Dances for Trumpet (Novello NOV120530) 7 Prokofiev March (from The Love for Three Oranges). -
Instruments of the Orchestra
INSTRUMENTS OF THE ORCHESTRA String Family WHAT: Wooden, hollow-bodied instruments strung with metal strings across a bridge. WHERE: Find this family in the front of the orchestra and along the right side. HOW: Sound is produced by a vibrating string that is bowed with a bow made of horse tail hair. The air then resonates in the hollow body. Other playing techniques include pizzicato (plucking the strings), col legno (playing with the wooden part of the bow), and double-stopping (bowing two strings at once). WHY: Composers use these instruments for their singing quality and depth of sound. HOW MANY: There are four sizes of stringed instruments: violin, viola, cello and bass. A total of forty-four are used in full orchestras. The string family is the largest family in the orchestra, accounting for over half of the total number of musicians on stage. The string instruments all have carved, hollow, wooden bodies with four strings running from top to bottom. The instruments have basically the same shape but vary in size, from the smaller VIOLINS and VIOLAS, which are played by being held firmly under the chin and either bowed or plucked, to the larger CELLOS and BASSES, which stand on the floor, supported by a long rod called an end pin. The cello is always played in a seated position, while the bass is so large that a musician must stand or sit on a very high stool in order to play it. These stringed instruments developed from an older instrument called the viol, which had six strings. -
Preliminary Results Clarinet, Flute, Horn, Soprano Singer, Trumpet
Performing Arts Aerosol Study Round one preliminary results Clarinet, Flute, Horn, Soprano Singer, Trumpet Study Chairs James Weaver - NFHS Director of Mark Spede – CBDNA President, Performing Arts and Sports Director of Bands, Clemson University Lead Funders Contributing Organizations Supporting Organizations American School Band Directors Association (ASBDA) International Music Council American String Teachers Association (ASTA) International Society for Music Education Arts Education in Maryland Schools (AEMS) League of American Orchestras Association Européenne des Conservatoires/Académies de Louisiana Music Educators Association Musique et Musikhochschulen (AEC) (LMEA) Buffet et Crampon MidWest Clinic Bundesverband der deutschen Minority Band Directors National Association Musikinstrumentenhersteller e.V Music Industries Association Chicago Children's Choir Musical America Worldwide Children's Chorus of Washington National Dance Education Organization Chorus America (NDEO) Confederation of European Music Industries (CAFIM) National Flute Association (NFA) Drum Corps International (DCI) National Guild for Community Arts Education Educational Theatre Association (EdTA) National Music Council of the US European Choral Association - Europa Cantat Percussive Arts Society (PAS) HBCU National Band Directors' Consortium Save the Music Foundation High School Directors National Association (HSBDNA) WGI Sport of the Arts International Conductors Guild Lead Researchers Dr. Shelly Miller Dr. Jelena Srebric University of Colorado Boulder University -
Class Notes – October 24 Pipes with Holes; Recorders, Flutes
The Physics of Musical Instruments Class Notes – October 24 Pipes with holes; Recorders, flutes The Physics of Musical Instruments – Fall 2017 – October 24 – 1 Topics • More on acoustic impedance • The end correction for a flute or recorder • The effect of a side hole • The flute – a pipe open at both ends with side holes The Physics of Musical Instruments – Fall 2017 – October 24 – 2 More Complex Pipes • We are now beginning to consider more complex pipes and air resonators – Bottles, blown across the top (fun stuff) but more seriously… – Bells at the end (why?) – Pipes with finger holes – And, eventually, pipes with non-cylindrical bores • The concept of acoustic impedance is very helpful here, even without getting highly quantitative. The Physics of Musical Instruments – Fall 2017 – October 24 – 3 Energy Transfer • When the impedance changes along an acoustic pipe, there can be a reflection • If one of the impedances is exactly zero, ALL OF THE ENERGY IS REFLECTED. • We used this idea to analyze the open end of an ideal pipe The Physics of Musical Instruments – Fall 2017 – October 24 – 4 A Finite Discontinuity • Consider a discontinuity in pipe radius • Energy reflection in this case is 1/9 or 11% The Physics of Musical Instruments – Fall 2017 – October 24 – 5 Add a Transition Piece • With a transition segment added, the impedance discontinuity is reduced, and there is less reflection • Only 6% is reflected The Physics of Musical Instruments – Fall 2017 – October 24 – 6 A Tapered Transition • The impedance is lowered gradually left