Published bi-weekly by students at SUNY Stony Brook Published bi-weekly by students at SUNY Stony Brook 4 Aý ___ -, I c r

-- _ru_ I I _I ill c~ I · IL · I I ______I Volumn 4 Number 4 NOVEMBER 23, 1976 _ ----- ~t~ I I __ Symposium: The Task of Unity

By M. VILSAINT, C. HEWITT S. HOON "I don't hustle and you can't cause. reggae", stated Ken Danns, (president When the discussion was opened up of the Carribean Club), at the height of to the attentive and responsive audience, the 'Symposium on Black Identity'. He Rody Dihigo and Barrington Brown was expressing the need for black expressed mixed feelings about the solidarity amongst all people of African attitude that should be taken to descent. We must learn to understand overcome the particular obstacles that one another's differences and unite on prevent the unification of black people our commonalities. This was the focal and other oppressed Third World point of the symposium sponsored by the groups. On one hand existed a total Carribean Club. humanitarian outlook and on the other Caribbean Day, Nov. 18, of the hand, the primary emphasis was on self- Black Week commenced with a presevation. Randy Brown, (B.S.U.), gathering of faculty, students and also stressed the idea of the 'divide and representatives of Third World Marc ronU'rdlGtCaSI~M MarecPolard/Btweworld conquer' tactics utilized by the Western organizations. The list of guest speakers Herdi AMicou Rody Dihigo world. This is one of the processes that included: Edward King and Reginald roots audience. This symposium was Wesbury, delivered an inspiring and we are trying to reverse in order to Ibe, (African Student Union), Paget long overdue", concluded Professor enlightening oratory directed at the achieve black unity. Henry, (Sociology Department), Turner. This was also the general lack of representation of black students Donald Gillin from S.A.S.U., Professor Turner, (History Depart- consensus amongst those who attended. at Stony Brook. His presentation made commended the Carribean Club in their ment), Professor Vaughan, (Africana Our uniqueness common ancestry, one aware of apathy amongst students efforts to congregate with their fellow Studies Department), Emile Adams, colonial experiences and western ideals that prevents us from questioning the blacks. Yet this is only the beginning. (Asst. Director of Students Affairs), were aall discussed in order to arrive at fact that the needs of blacks at Stony In order to ensure far reaching effects, Herdy Micou, (Counselling the understanding of the different facets Brook and elsewhere are not being we must continue with this medium of Department), Randy Brown and Mwata of black identity as seen through the fulfilled. Mr. Gillian urged and invited communication coupled with positive Ben Nubin, (Black Students United), eyes of the symposium participants. everyone to attend ,workshops at Old action to actually consider ourselves, and Ken Danns, (Carribean Club). The- Donald Gillian, Acting S.A.S.U., Westbury in order to acquaint us with 'Black Students United', only then can approach was sociological, historical, (Student Association of the State some of the types of actions that are we form a cohesiveness amongst black political and geared toward a grass Universities), coordinator at Old essential in order to unite for a common students. Black Social Workers Challege Racism

By RONALD ANTONIO to examine the impact of the Juvenile and Criminal solving methodology (valuable time is often wasted and KAREN SCARLETT Justice System; social, economic, political, etc., on the solving problems already solved. One source of On the weekend of November 12, the New York black community through the discussion of selective knowledge lies in our elders); knowledge of job State Association of Black Social Workers held its topics by Workshop Panelists. expiorauon mecnmques (the resources available for job sixth annual conference at the Statler Hilton Hotel. The workshop began with H. Bruce Pierce, a opportunities); knowledge of offender aid programs The theme of the three-day event was "Bicentennial Correctional Educational Consultant, who defined the (knowing which are valuable and which are not); Racism: The Challenge for Blacks." system and its effects on the black community with a knowledge of test-taking and strategy (their forms and The conference sought to establish political and special interest on incarcerated blacks. The main strategies); knowledge of the role of the attorney (know economic frameworks that would best suit black focus of lhisdiscussion was eight building-blocks he felt his functions to protect yourself); knowledge of people's needs for survival. Initiating the attack was a were relevant in dealing with the system. They are as Educational Programs (what is available in order to special panel and program entitled "Meet the Black follows: knowledge of self; knowledge of problem- i(cont. on pg. 8) Press." The four black panelists, Senator Carl McCall, City Councilman Fred Samuel, General Council to the State on Youth Services, Ms. Inez Reid Smith, and Judge Livingston Wingate were interviewed by Ms. Carol Jenkins (Newscaster, NBC-TV), Mr. James Hicks (Executive Editor. Amsterdam News), and Mal Goode (National Black Network). Hundreds of black social workers, professionals and students were in attendance to hear discussion on issues of unemployment, depression, and recession. The following day, Ms. Phyllis Walker, President of the Council of Black Student Social Workers and a Stony Brook student, gave her opening remarks as the next item on the agenda, workshops, began. The workshops involved the free-choice participation of registered individuals to explore issues of: Day Care in the Black Community; Child Welfare System; Health Services; The Criminal Justice System; Effects of Inferior Education in Public Schools and Colleges; the Black Family; the Aging Black: Opoortunities and Challenges; Effects of Drugs and Alcoholism in the Black Community; Legislation and Black Politics; Economic Development in the Black Community; and Social Work Education: Relevancy to Black Students. The Criminal Justice workshop, which the writers attended, kept the general theme of the conference, and with the aid of professionals, brought about a better understanding of that system for all present. .r %fW _www rom VVMMAMWAr The purpose of the Criminal Justice workshop was November 23, 1976 BLACKWORLD Page 2 Liebert Bethune- Caribbean Studies By HELEN WILSON commencement in 1969. "One has to be an administrator. Unfortunately, the certainty of Prof. Bethune's One has to be a'father figure'. One has to renewed contract for be a psychologist...One has to be next year is questionable. "Tenure is everything," stated Prof. Bethune as we based primarily on your services to the discussed his role in Africana Studies. University, service on committees, Working in so delicate a department as along with evaluations of other universities, Africana Studies, Prof. Bethune is professors, and administrators," actively involved in the programming of states Prof. Bethune. African and Caribbean Studies. "My services have been acknowledged" His teaching include a three-part (according to reports from the above) by those "who have series (1) lectures focusing on basic overwhelmingly supported my institutions of the Caribbean, in which work at the University. Stony Brook students transfer information when has certainly gotten its money's worth." encountering problems in Jamaica; (2) Even Prof. Bethune does seminars providing a reflection of not know what will become of his contract, and experiences-the students "not only though there has been some discussion study but live"; (3) placement as about the matter, he has not yet volunteer workers to develop experience received any notification. If his contract in a particular field. According to Prof. is not renewed, Prof. Bethune Bethune, the program has been an plans to pursue "immense success" since its his work and research in international education. American Indians M. And# Diio/Btaokorid

Bilingual Eduucation . IIII I -- tribes will work with teachers in the The Department of classroom. The Navajo Tribe will use its S te U. Is Accused Health, Education and Welfare (H.E.W.) money is Arizona to hire tribal Bias in Its Hiring has awarded $22.6 million in grants for consultants and create bilingual (f Americn Indian children and adults in courses. what it terms "an effort to extend their Four million dollars has been educational opportunities." The largest allocated for the educational needs of The State University of New York was charged with having made little progress in the hiring sum, 132 grants totalling $15,389,098, adult Indians. A lot of emphasis is on the and importance promotion if minority-group and women faculty was awarded for activities such as of Indians adapting to city members despite a commitment in 1971 to equal- bilingual and bicultural education, life, rather than being restricted to opportunity programs. The charge was made by the curriculum developm,ent, language living on reservations. American New York State Advisory Comittee to the United BLACK WORLD Indians have been adamant in their States Commission on Civil Rights. development, reading, tutoring and STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW attempts to maintain and appreciate The committee said tht statistics provided by YORK counseling. Only $475,000 of this money theUniversity showed that in the 1975-76 academic AT STONY BROOK their culture. Many tribes have been was offered for native languages, crafts year blacks represented 3.1 percent of its faculty, BLACK WORLD PUBLICATION OFFICE: and folklore. The smallest grant was successful in remaining separate and Hispanic presons 1 percent and women 22.9 apart from American Culture: while percent. Responding to the committee's report, Dr. ROOM 060, STUDENT UNION BLDG. given to the Quileute Tribe in LOWER LEVEL, (516) 246-5682 these large amounts of money are James Kelly, acting chancellor of the university, Washington to revive its native said the university's minority-employment record definitely needed for educational language and help publish a Quileute "comares favorably" with other institutions of EDITOR-IN--CHIEF dictionary. purposes, it is important to question why higher learning. RON ANTONIO At St. Stephens School in Wyoming, the stress is on bilingualism and introducing Ii members of the Arapahoe and Shoshone a new life-style. MANAGING EDITOR DARRELL J. MINOTT

ASSOCIATE EDITORS BETTY LEWIS MATTHEW MARTIN Swine VaLccine...Who Needs it? SHONDELLE MARKMAN By MILAGRO SOTO pneumonia and in some cases, even twenty-five. death. COPY EDITOR President Ford's announcement for This is particularly true of As far as side-effects are concerned, PAT LAWRENCE massive swine flu immunization has elderly people and people who have Dr. Howe explained, "Most people don't other complications been met with discord, perplexity and such as lung have any side effects from the vaccine, PHOTO EDITOR controversy. The vaccine's effectiveness trouble, heart trouble, diabetes or however tenderness at the sight of the MARC POLLARD is questioned. Experts estimate that the kidney problems. For those people it is shot may last several days. Some degree of protection the vaccine will particularly serious". Dr. Howe went people will also get fevers, chills, ASSISTANT PHOTO EDITOR provide ranges from twenty to ninety on to explain, "We haven't had an headaches or muscular aches and this M. ANDRALL DIHIGO percent. Some doctors are still skeptical outbreak of this kind of flu in about will usually last or come during the first that there is anything to guard against forty-five years, therefore, some people forty-eight hours" ART EDITOR the flu. Nevertheless, an hundred, do not have adequate immunilogical "Some precautions are listed; the HOWARD DUBIN thirty five million dollar federal protection. Some people have some possibility of severe or potentially fatal in effect. State Health protection against the other type, the BUDGET MANAGER program is reactions exists" Dr. Howe points out PAT THORNTON Officials are making shots available Victoria flu because we had that last that, "In some instances people such as year. It caused quite a few deaths. through a variety of channels receiving vaccines have allergic PRODUCTION schools, factories, clinics, and hospitals. The fear of becoming ill from the flu reactions. You have to be particularly ASSISTANCE The program is providing two types of shot is a misconception. Dr. Howe careful. Young children in particular, I MITZIE VILSAINT explains, "The vaccine shouldn't give EVON KEENE vaccines; the monovalent which offers don't think should routinely receive the LESTER BROWN protection only against the swine flu, anyone the flu because it's made from flu vaccine. EMILY 'CHINA' OTTLEY and the bivalent, which protects against dead virus rather than live virus. They The virus used in producing the MILAGRO SOTO last year's prevailing A/Victoria have better techniques now and the vaccine is cultured in eggs, hence, the CONDELL RAWLINGS vaccine causes less fever side effects DIANA MBU influenza strain. shot should not be taken by those who JACQUEINE SALMON In an exclusive interview, Dr. than it did in the past". are severly allergic to eggs". Dr. Howe JACQUELINE FENDER Sidney Howe, a specialist in internal There is also the question of believes that "Special supervision is SHELLEY HOON medicine, offered some important immunizing pregnant women. "There called for in this case if persons with egg PAMMELLA SHEPPARD information about the effects of the is some question of all vaccines and allergies wish to be immunized. People SANTIAGO EDIE whether they can be taken safely during DELTRIS DUNN swine and A/Victoria influenza vaccine with fevers should not get immunized CHERYL HEWITT and some of their complications. "When pregnancy. The information out says until the fever has ceased and people ROSA MARTINEZ people get the flu, the symptoms are this one, (swine flu), can be who have received another kind of HELEN WILSON usually fever, chills, dry coughs, administered.". Dr. Howe went on to vaccine within fourteen days prior to the JOSEPH D. NIEVES headaches, and muscular aches. They say, "Usually the vaccination is a one- shot should not receive it, (swine flu shot deal. One shot will protect most SPECIAT. THANKS usually last a week or more. People shot). CAROLE MOY usually recover completely. people from the swine and A/Victoria A Gallop poll shows that only fifty flu during Complications, however, may lead to the next season. However, a three percent of the U.S.' population L other respiratory problems such as second shot or different dosages might plan to take the vaccination. Aý be required for younger people under ý ý -- November 23,1976 BLACKWORLD Page 3 Gil Noble Cites Racism in the Media

By JACQUELINE SALMON control the media, right down to the On Sunday, November 14, Gil essence of words. Television does not Noble, ABC Television's Channel 7 even use the term 'non-black' when newscaster and co-ordinator of 'Like It referring to white people, but black Is', came to Stony Brook to talk aboutthe people are called 'non-white', conveying media and its effect on the black negative connotations. The argument community. that black people are minorities does not Mr. Noble opened the afternoon by hold strong in Mr. Noble's mind; introducing his film about Paul "...talking about this hemisphere, well, Robeson, the world-renownel singer you're wrong. We're the majority. and actor, and outspoken critic of the Talking about the planet, we're American government, whom he definitely the majority..." described as 'a giant of a man'. Statistics show that if one lives until Unfortunately, many of those present one is 65, eight of those 65 years will be did not know who was, spent watching TV. Because television and Mr. Noble attributed this lack of is responsibile for the majority of our knowledge to the fact that the American information, and since most of us do not government, via the media, erased him read, Mr. Noble emphasized that and made him a non-person. Mr. Noble anything consumed in such large continued, "One cannot deal with today quantities should not be ingested so unless one can understand yesterday," easily without question. He said thatthe and said that his role in television is to media's description of the movements present at Gil Noble's presentation on bias, forcing him to leave. In 1928 he "try to excavate the story of our people." going on in South Africa and Soweto, mass media during Black Week, and Mr went to London, England. In a There have not been many films about calling them 'riots' is wrong, and Noble attributed this lack of familiarity production of Show Boat, he sang "Old black people, and the films that are denotes some form of illegitimacy, when with so great a man to the fact that such Man River" in his deep, beautiful, shown are "castrated, inaccurate, and really the brothers and sisters are only familiarity was hampered by the sonorous voice, and changed unfair". He cited as an excellent trying to correct unjust things. American government and its control of Hammerstein's use of the word 'nigger' example a CBS documentary made Secretary Henry Kissinger, depicted as the media. in the song. He also played the lead in about 15 years ago about the 'White Knight', is in South Africa to Mr. Noble went on to say that Paul Shakespeare's great play, Othello. He called, 'The Hate that Hate Produced'. protect the American interest, and is' Robeson was a man whom we have been won unprecedented acclaim for both his The title in itself is false and unfair, quoted as saying that he "supports 'robbed of'. Paul Robeson died only acting and especially his singing. In about a man who was genuinely loved; 'majority rule with minority rights", recently, yet he never made an 1943, he was the first black man ever to therefore responses will be just as never saying one without the other. Yet appearance on TV. The Library of play Othello on Broadway. negative. He also cited Elizabeth Taylor in America, this is never said, as there is Congress, renowned to have everything Othello on Broadway. and Victor Mature acting Cleopatra and no concern about minorities. The that has ever been published, has nothng In America, Paul Robeson starred Hannibal, respectively, as playing roles American government is in Africa that has ever been published, has in the movie EmperorJones, and was the of people who are far from white, and under the guise of supporting minority nothing on Paul Robeson; information first black man in motion pictures the fact that television and motion rights, because America has no gathered to make the film shown at Mr. presenting dignity and character. In pictures use black people to play significant amounts of oil, gold, Noble's presentation came from the movie Sanders of the River, written caricatures and make fun of black diamonds, copper, chromium, or overseas andahe Paul Robeson archives. by Paul Robeson about Africa, the people, such as "Sanford and Son", minerals. Born in New Jersey, Paul Robeson editing validated the colonization of "That's My Mama", etc. The media can play a significant went to Rutgers College on a Africa. He angrily walked out on its Mr. Noble said, "All these role in the lives of young people; it can scholarship. He was the first All- premiere. programs tend to stamp, especially inspire them to be leaders, to greatness, American football player for Rutgers On the contract of another film, young, minds with negative impressions and to be real men and women, or it can University, and during the prevalent Song of Freedom, he stipulated that he about ourselves and about our turn them into pimps and prostitutes. Ku Klux Klan movement between 1915 was to have the final word on all films conditions and at the same time present When the soft drug in the form of and 1919, he graduated Phi Beta Kappa that he made. non-blacks in very positive roles." television cannot harm our society, Mr. to go on to Columbia Law School. In Paul Robeson was the first of many Noble says that narcotics will. He 7Positive non-black images are , Pan Africanism, Marcus artist-activists, and he gravitated found in such programs as the "Adams emphasized that positive images were Garvey, Duke Ellington, W.E.B. Du towards the working class. During the Chronicles", "That's the Way It Was 200 needed, and as students, we had Bois, and others began to influence his late 1940'2 in fascist Europe, he went to Years Ago", and other Bicentennial 'scholastic business' to get on with, life. He was a brilliant law student, Spain in sympathy with those who were celebrations. No word is ever mentioned because we are implementative in the played football on weekends, and still oppressed. He also struck up friendship of the misery and the agony that our changes of tomorrow. had time to fall in love with a brilliant with Nehru and Kenyatta, and was predecessors were undergoing, nor It has been said that the victors anthropologist, Eslanda Cordosa Goode, openly critical of racism in America. He some of the brutal things that non- write history; perhaps one poignant whom he married. demanded the dissolution of color bars blacks were doing at the time. example of this truism can be found in When he graduated from Columbia in baseball. Jackie Robinson, the first Gil Noble further expanded upon Paul Robeson. Robeson proved to be a and started working in a law firm, he black baseball player, owes his rise to his theme by showing how non-blacks virtually unknown element among those found, unhappily, that there was racial Paul Robeson. (cont. on pg 7) Social Control, Tension and YCS

Amidst cutbacks and financial problems at Stony "There is a population of students in our University former adjunct professor to YCS, he had previously Brook, many departments have been forced into whom I feel will benefit immensely through the YCS done work with the New York Police Department altering and/or discontinuing their academic program. This population of students that I refer to in (NYPD); "continuing special lectures and as a curiculums. Ironically, the Youth and Community particular are the AIM students. However, I would consultant for three years in both precincts and a the Studies Program (YCS); a program in which the also include other minority students who have been Police Accademy. He specialized in the area of Civil curriculum was reformed to attract more students, has accepted at this Univesity to fill a quota, rather .than Rights, Social Change and the changing expectations also embarked on a new policy to expand and extend on the basis of their academicpossibilities....If our and therefore role of the police within the community." it's program. sevices to these students are meant to be productive, His resume added that, "He was a consultant for the According to a 1975 memorandum issued by YCS then the YCS offers the most feasible program to City of New York in tension prevention and control chairman Martin Timin, the departments of accoplish our job. Students completing such a from January 1964 to July 1965." Ftuthernore Anthropology, Africana Studies, Engineering, program becomemore marketable with a four year duringthis time his role included on the street tension English, History, Nursing, Philosophy, Political education than is the student who receives a B.A. in negotiaticas on the Lower East Side. Science, Psychology, Puerto Rican Studies, Social other social .services" It was also revealed in Maniscalco's resume that Science, and Sociology had expressed their willingness However, recent reports by student and faculty while he was working as the Executive Director of the to enter discussions for curriculum planning for the have revealed that disquietude and criticism of the South Brooklyn Improvement Council's 'Outh integration of their disciplines into a "Collegiate director has prevailed in YCS. The minutes of October leadership project from 1965 to April 1967, that Mr. Center for Community Studies." It has been reported 9, 1975 meeting clearly indicated that there was a Martin Timin was the Officer of Juvenile Delinquency that the YCS program offers students the general feeling of intimidation created by the faculty (OJD) and Youth Development Consultant. opportunity to attain a liberal arts education in Social toward YCS students. The feelings of these students Recently students reacted to alledged acts of Science, utilizing the community as a major source of was that the faculty who are criticized would use that intimidation that stemmed from Timin's information and training, while giving the Uiversity criticism against them in the administering of grades. restructuring of the "Wednesday Gatherings' into an outreach into the community. When students attempted to confront Joe Maniscalco, what was termed, "...a planned meeting," by YCS Although the program is open to all students, the who headed the weekly "Wednesday Gatherings" student Larry Krantz, "which denies the possibility of YCS supplemental report made special reference to (faculty and student meetings), they reported that he spontaneous inter-student communitcation....This the consideration of AIM and minority students. eluded their questions. form of creative activity, thinking and questioning According to a YCS review tcommient member, According to the resume of Joeseph Maniscaico, a (Conatinued on pg 6)

^ X) Page 4 BLACKWORLD November 23,19716 B.S.U. Sponsors Black

breakfast without the aid of his "boy". Black T heatre All elements of the upper echelon of othe St community walk in one by one, demanding to know what is going on. By PAT LAWRENCE His only reply was, "Be calm". The Ild Stony Brook, Nov. 19--The Black Mayor's faithful Margo (Deneise Theater Ensemble of Stony Brook Jennings) is told to organize a search University dramatically performed committee to look through "every crack Douglas Turner Ward's Day of Absence, and crany until those lazy niggers are the story of a Southern township and the found." effects on that town when it is The committee is formed, but to no discovered that all the black residents avail. The blacks are gone, and the town have mysteriously disappeared. begins to crumble piece by piece. As the The play opens with seven men and Chairwoman of the Woman's Club women on stage, all made up in white suitably put it, "without the negroes, faces. On center stage, we see the there stood a chance that Southern epitome of Southern maleness Clem femininity could be blemished fmrever." (Arnold Keith) and Luke (Guillermo By late afternoon, the town is "Papo" Rojas) basking in the sun and uproar. The television commentator watching the people go by. Within a few (Betty Parrish) attempts to interview minutes, they begin to feel that the important townspeople to get their something is "topsy-turvy", but the reactions to the situation. First, Mr. fullyreasondevelopedt. behind their Finallyte. discomfort isoieo not Clan h (Arnold rsn Keith)diitain blames it entirelyeiis theh that no "nigras" have passed by, and leader of the opposition political iarty. here the panic begins. We are then introduced to the Social along and snickers. Luke says to Clem We are next taken to the household Welfare Commissioner (Jeanne wthout the presence of blacks. All "Wl, every s to of John and Mary (played by Jose Wilso Lataillade), who states their motto to be forms of production were at a halt noral, lo lie eeryth isi t and Karen Scarlett). It is early "work or starve", and plans to put into because no one was properly equipped to Isem perceptively replies,it, morning, and their baby is crying effect an Operation Uplift for the do for themselves. The message lies in The Absence hysterically. John charges his wife to negroes. The local minister (Jose an unconscious white dependency on must be highly commended for its h get up and attend to the baby, and of Wilson) attributed the problem toven though t ey t h ought them performanc d ty to enact course the Southern belle is appalled. voodoo and said that the situation was no better than dogs.situation that could cause an entire "Where's Lula," she screams. Lula, her left in God's hands. His final appeal to The drama ends with lem and iation to stop and reealuan ietsf black maid, is nowhere to be found, and the blacks, wherever they were, was, "In Luke on the following morning sitting Professionalism is hard to come by on due to Mary's inability to do for herself the words of your great negro prophet, in their same old chairs, watching the any level, in this writers opinion and her p eop le L u k e st a r t le d y t family, the entire household is Booker T. Washington, 'Cast down ye go by. is b he l a eater has triumphantly scaled thrown into turmoil. buckets'". sight of a black who happens to be his anothe r p As the panic begins to spread like The play moves on until, in less than helper, Rastus (Robert Butler). When inotherspeak. wildfire, all complaints are promptly 24 hours, the entire town goes haywire. asked where he had been, Rastus given t e t taken to the Office of the Mayor (David Frustration, anger and fear all fused appeared as if he had been there all the given to he plays diet lto Valentine), who himself is bewildered together when the realization hit all that time. When he is aware of Clem and arke, te the play to the by the fact that he had to dress and make their lily-white town was at a standstill Luke's bewilderment, he just shuffles come out'just right'

The music had quality. The first necks. The reason for this distinction was song, "Give Yourself to Jesus", was sung not apparent. The response of the Black Choir audience with great vigor by soloist William seemed to be divided, some By DIANA MBU Thomas. After Thomas, the following appeared to be unmoved by the experience, Sam Rivers Black Choir made its songs had nothing to compare, the style others happy and light- debut last hearted. Thursday in the Union Ballroom with was different. The message in all four If there had been four songs, beautifully composed and songs seemed to be that of being aware better planning Trio and organization for this played by Bernice Carter, the leader of of oneself, being happy. It had much performance, it would have been a total success. the Choir. The songs were performed in similarity with Gospel music. It had The By SANTIAGO EDIE time of the performance had been this order, "Give Yourself to Jesus", spirit! Just as the earth follows it's extra- changed several times before the "Don't You Want This World to be a The performers did not appear too terrestrialpath around the sun, the sun waiting audience could view it. Better Place to Live In", "Hello enthusiastic, but their voices rang out, follows it's own extra-terrestrial path In conclusion, Black Choir should Sunshine", and "What is This World telling the audience another story. aroul •• ome secular point in the Milky be highly commended in the hope that Doing to Me". Some of the performers were dressed in Way, and the twinkling Milky Way in quality performances will continue to Bernice Carter, with her black pants and yellow turtle-necks, and turn follows it's own eliptical path the others in blue anan h:blu. tuirte- take pae, nd as Berni"e Cater said, appreciable experience in managing a th -1 around some other point further to the large choir and her love for making center of our star-filled universe. The music, decided to start a choir here four symmetrical inter-relationship of these years ago. Black choir can be taken as a great systems in operation is beauty. three-credit course under AFS 299. The Next semester, however, it will be under Sam Rivers Trio and Mingus Quartet AFS 133. This course also includes met in a clash of worlds of music which were bound through research on the great composers (e.g., time and the acoustical space between Beethoven, Mozart), meaning that they created sound in the universe of modern deal with a wide scope of music. music, in the Student The attendance of choir members at Union Auditorium last Saturday night. rehearsals, held twice weekly, has Meanwhile, my group and I were usually been over 75%, but over the playing at Baby Joey's course of the semester eliminations are downstairs in Irving. made, and this reduces the number of As an expert of modern music, I had prospective performers to one-half or the foresight not to miss the encounter less of its original size. Last Thursday between the Old Master of Jazz there were twelve singers present, Philosophy and one of the flaming stars namely, Venessa King, Denise of today. Bridgers, Janice Smith, Debbie Lyons, Encounters such as this one Yolanda Curry, Shirley Bess, Jovette Saturday, illuminate the late Duke Pino, Cathy Bascomb, Bonny Leslie, Ellington motiff that the name "jazz" be Brenda X, Marily X, and soloist William changed to "modern American music". Thomas. Rivers, appearing with Joe Daley on The audience was informed of a tuba and bass horn, and percussionist defect in the piano keyboard, which, Bobby Battle, streaked light years of normal to however, sounded perfectly musical ideas in two powerful one-piece the average ear. Poor conditions Inotwithstanding, tne performance was Sfirst-class. Anyone present would have Mingus' -quintet, featuring been truly proud of them. Dr. Gibbe on percuion innovative Frank Norris on piano, Jack ~·CIIIIIIAIIIIIIIL1111111111111111111111 II __ ,, i -I November 23, 1976 BLACKWORLD Page 5 , Cultural Week - Nov. 15-21 ...... _ ;-_...... aaaniifrai- ---...C -t -- _,^^ Bettina, also another lover of dance, will continue to kick, split and perform her Black Gold gracefulness with Black Gold as she has By LESTER BROWN in the past. Joanne, in her second term A "Journey to Savannah" was the with Black Gold will share the victories theme for Black Gold Ensemble as they of this group. danced a number of creative jazz and Adzlyne English and Terrence tap dancesto the music of Dr. Buzard's Grant, as always, performed a fantastic original Savannah Band, on November jazz duet entitled "Lunar Rendezvous." 14th, 19th and 21st Three group dances Adzlyne, one of Stony Brook's most and four duets were performed. talented women in dance, dazzled the Lester Brown and Jeannine audience as Terrence lifted her. Lataillade performed an excellent Terrence added a bit of excitemnt to this Afro-jazz dance entitled "Sun Gods." dance as they both danced in red, Jeannine, in her performance did many trimmed with glitter. pirouettes, splits, high kicks and other A hilarious and comical tap dance exotic moves. This is Jeannine's second performed by Lori Pell, Linda Humes year with Black Gold and she will and Terrence Grant entitled "Savannh probably be with them throghout her Insanity" was also a success with the attendance here at Stony BRook. audience. They danced to a song, "Sour Lester, although this is his first year and Sweet;" Linda and Lori dressed in with Black Gold, added an extra spot to bows and basic black, danced their way the dance with a few African steps. to happiness while Terrence enjoyed Lester will probably continue to dance their enthusiasm. with Black Gold throughout his future The finale duet was performed by here at Stony Brook. Jeannine Lataillade and Terrence Robert Butler and Joanne Mines Grant. They both did a sly walk also performed a superb jazz number. supposedly boarding the boat for a bon Bettina Rogers was an understudy for viyage from Savannah to New York. Joanne. Although Joanne performed The group dances were entitled, twice, and Bettina once, they both were "Savannah Welcome," "Shenanigans by excellent as they danced to a number the Sea" and "In Search of Love." They entitled "Twilight Coquette." Dressed were performed with grace, enthusiasm in baby blue, Joanne did a strut as fun and laughter, and was enjoyed by Robert leaped and pranced across th both Black Gold Ensemble and the floor to a song called "You've Got audience. Something." Robert, a frshman here a Other important members of Black Stony Brook, who loves gumnastic and Gold Ensemble who contributed their dancing along with theatre and singing, time, effort and dedication to the group will continue to to participate in the were Joleta Wiggins, Eva Velez. Cheryl black activities here at Stone Brook. ýBrower ý ý I- - - -andiI - -Mariet.-ýý I-ý a- -I- -Jon1rsI.,.I " -:-

Lester Brown and Jennine Ltaillade doing "Sun Gods" Joe Niems/Biackiworid Mingus & Quartet

Walruth on trumpet, Ricky Ford on tenor, and versatile Danny Richmond on drums, sandwiched the later performance of the Rivers Trio with the inner secular chemistry and subltle introspection on Mingus composition. Rivers, one of the illustrative reedmen of modern jazz, gripped the Black imagination of the jam-packed auditorium with captivating modal changes and dynamic envisionary Fashion colorations made possible by the By LESTER BROWN creative space allowed by the group's The essence of elegance was small, basic trio structure. The Trio brought to Stony Brook by "Black transcended the limits of compositional Fashions" on Sunday afternoon, Nov. 21, structures at will with the use of the 1976. Eight of Stony Brook's most "free structure" technique by which beautiful Black women put together a music is created through spontaneous fantastic fashion show in which some of improvisation and loose structural the exotic fashions were supervised and discipline. made by Ms. Winette Downer. From Mingus, by contrast, mulled the Ms. Downer's collection, her favorite audience silent with the depth of his was a black evening jumpsuit that was composition ideas. The genius of his daringly worn by Ms. Viki Mayo. Ms. music finds secular distances, equal to Margot Garvey, an excellent that of Rivers', within distinct seamstress, produced a green midi dimensions of syncopated melodic lenght coat that was gracefully worn by phrasing. Only a man of Mingus' Ms. Lisa Durham. Ms. Elenor Leslie, astounding talents could follow an hour another excellent seamstress produced of the "Cosmic" Dan zrivers Trio's a beautiful maroon dress that she energy, with the silent introspection of modeled. inner peace, a description which is As a whole, the fashion show was a Charles Mingus, body and soul. su..ess, due to those dedicated and and their models, itself in talented Black women Blackworld finds Valerie Henly, Ms. and Ms. Eva Veliz, Ms. agreement with Statesman, Scarlett, Ms. Viki Mayo and Ms. the production of the Karen congratulates Lisa Durham.

n sett Concert Washlaston Mingus-Rivers C , ,, ., ,, ,,,,, rower ~IB~~C#Larsy~was~Rlrru , I_ r I - - - r I ' , I - I I' - 1974 23 i... I November II 4143.III MWN BLACKWORLD Pare 6 EDITORIALS Letters to the Editor

Dear Dr. Toll: and overt racism, and a time when As a member of the Search everyone knew and was willing (or so it We have all made attempts to find alternatives to Committess for the position of seemed) to stay in their place, a place the capitalist system that America offers us. This is Affirmative Action Officer at State usually designated by the larger society. good! We shouldn't be satisfied with the reforms and University at Stony Brook, I am deeply People's places were usually assigned to concessions that are given in an attempt to pacify us concerned with the allegations them based on their race, creed, and/or and divert our genuine concern for change. We have to projected by "Blackworld". The color first, and then their social/econ- begin to see these tricks as shams, camouflages for the insinuations, of course, reflect a "hidden omic background. Ethnicity has been prevailing class/race oppression that comes hand and agenda" which , if true, negates the overtly, covertly, and then overtly again, hand with all U.S.A. policies. sincerity of an objective recommen- pushed into this society from its dation and appointment for the position In our desperation to find leaders and political inception by its largest, most dominant discussed. Cognizant of Administrative organizations that address themselves toward key ethnic group, the WASP. Whenever it is policies, it would be apparent issues, we often have a tendency to gravitate toward if an to their benefit, they decide when people Affirmative Action Officer held titles anything that appears to be genuine. The are to call themselves Americans, and and responsibilities which might result Revolutionary Student Brigade is organizing here on they they are to be singled out again as in policing themselves. A prime campus. They talk about the contradictions in concern Afro-American, Jewish-American, is that the selection of an A.A. capitalism, and racist policies. They give forums, have official be Chinese-American, or worse, and then knowledgeable of community- debates, show films, and are quite appealing at first again we are ALL Americans. university liason and glance. But why is it that when there is no crisis have a special Most of the oppressed ethnic sensitivity, to effect needed affecting Third World people, when there are no change. Americans have come to realize that A Task Force study burning political issues that confront us, when there is is now under when the overwhelming majority of way, giving close examination no mass confusion, we never see R.S.B.? As soon as to the WASP Americans call for all of us to be latest County, University, there is a crisis, nationally or internationally, they pop and just all-American, it has usually been Corporation etnic reports up on the scene, ready to teach us, involving the when they wanted to exert more control lead us and be increase paternalistic. in employment of minority over our lives or resources, or when they persons, especially in areas of under- just wanted to take something from us, Third World students beware...repeatedly R.S.B. representation. such as homes, jobs, security, education, has used this approach to do their political organizing. As Executive Director of the and now clubs. Or to give us something We cannot afford to confuse good alternative systems Suffolk County Human Rights very American, like the [Al Goldstein] with organizations that profess to want change, but in Commission and Chairman of the Screws. WASP Americans were the reality are as paternalistic and opportunistic as our Concerned Black Professionals of first founders of the exclusive ethnic present colonizers. We have had experience with the Suffolk County, I would request a clubs--the all-white clubs--and ruling class of this country, learned to readily identify meeting with you, at your earliest whenever they decided it was good and and struggle against them, but we must also take convenience, to discuss the above right to segregate, they have never precaution in dealing with some of these left concerns. hesitated to resort to open segregation. organizations as well. Check out R.S.B.'s Hank Johnston So this editorial in Statesmancalling for practice...TAKE HEED. Executive Director an end to campus segregation is ironic. Human Rights Commission When they segregate us out, it's fine and American. When we segregate In reference to the editorial of ourselves in, its UN-American, divisive, Wednesday, Nov. 1, 1976, that appeared or whatever other adjective they wish to in Statesman, I am writing this In reference to an open letter that was printed in open apply. I mean really, come on, now, I :he Nov.23 issue of Blackworld, the editors wish to letter. know we just celebrated the extend an apology to Mr. Reginald Wells. Blackworld Statesman, like the rest of Bicentennial-200 years of freedom for was unable to locate a Committee to Save Social America, calls for an end to segregation. one group at the expense of other Welfare and in the future, we will do our utmost to And like the rest of America, it calls for groups, but I hope the "slaves", screen base and irrelevant information before our the people who have been segregated out especially the "slaves" at Stony Brook, printing deadline. of society to end it, mainly those who are wiser this time around, and realize have been designated an ethnic that we've fought for what we've got, too, minority, or just a minority. and we're ready to fight again to keep it. The universities are truly Statesman and Polity, this means you. microcosmic models of the larger CORRECTION Ethnic-Americans, come together to society. For the last three years, .the fight for your rights to exist on this In Blackworld's Nov. 9 Editorial column, we mass media has been trying to turn back incorrectly stated that U.G.B. abused Student's campus. Activity Fee in the presentation of Al Goldstien. It the calendar and the minds of the people G. G. Greenhouse was S.A.B. who sponsored the show. to the 1950's, a time of apathy, covert

Social Control, Tension and YCS

Continued from po. 3) should be encouraged rather than stifled. In an exclusive interview with a former AIM student and YCS participant, Joe-Lee King, Blackworld learned that Timin had assigned David Lewitt, the then assistant director of the Program and King to researchthe leaders in a black community in Huntington Long Island. Lewitt was also a social psychologist from Boston who was finishing his thesis on the 'Chiterling Tests.' The 'Chiterling Tests' are special IQ tests given to black people which based it's questioning on common sense as opposed to logical deduction. The 'Chiterling Tests' was to be the basis of the investigation, and when King learned of this, he refused to cooperate because the tests carried condescending conotations and was insulting. Futhermore, he had no contacts in the community, and "the people of the community felt that the tests were a threat"...(and)..."would jeopardize their positions," said King. King believes he was illrequited with failing grades, because of his questioning nature. "I was very outspoken," said King. Increased criticism of this program has warranted a re-evaluation of it's function, puposes and personnel.

INwvNAsw/54dmwbid November 23, 1976 BLACKWORLD Page 7

frii.( Zimbabwe- Liberation Now! By REGINALD IBE The Angolan Revolution marked a turning point in the entire history and future turn of events in Southern Africa. It not only proved that South Africa was not the military power it has claimed to be, but also that nothing short of massive radical changes in South African politics will return peace and stability to that region of the world. Since the Angolan crisis, African politics has taken on an increased nationalist vigor. Defiant black youths have been massacred by the thousands in the black ghettoes of South Africa. The liberation war in Zimbabwe has forced the reality of majority rule on the white minority leadership. A threat of escalated warfare in Namibia with possible Angolan intervention is a fact of today. Several African nations have called for a joint military effort in Southern Africa. Nigeria's military leader, General Olusegun Obasanjo recently declared, "I had always felt that I would have achieved a life ambition the day I fight for the liberation in Southern Africa." Millions of embittered youths across the African continent voice a readiness to make the supreme sacrifice anytime to restore the dignity of man in Southern Africa. -- -___a__-- *--- w.&AVu v'%uw" UUL,3Jw5 . jmj« 0*cklLb lullsn Ut,LmeiIJUrI I Ron Axt M/iBlakworld sleeponthefloor. The Kasers combined income is equivalent of 94.42 a month. Whereas Zimbabwe and Namibia were the focus ---f400"Gi"Myl- of the most recent U.S. diplomatic initiatives, the more majority rule in South Africa will be settled militarily declining since the Angolan revolution, but U.S. potent arena of shameful racial violence, South Africa, as ajoint African concern. Whereas African leaders do investments are steadily taking their place. was the target of the most recent United Nations not advance a timetable for this, the trend of events in The United States has the potential to avert the deliberations. The Western powers succeeded in Southern Africa gives credibility to such beliefs. Long impending bloodshed in Southern Africa. Continued blocking moves to place sanctions against South term or short term, the inevitability of war in Southern U.S. patronage of apartheid South Africa will not only Africa, but strong U.N. condemnations of South Africa is a fact we all have to live with. irreparably damage U.S.-African relations, but also Africa's racial policies were produced. Africa is not about to be partitioned into Western drive African nations to Communist war supplies. If Namibian nationalist forces, the South West and Communist satellites. Whereas South Africa President-elect Jimmy Carter is a leader for change, African People's Organization (SWAPO), are helping courts the West with its fairy tales of defending the free U.S.-African policy is an area for radical changes. In Angola destroy the remnants of the Savimbi guerrillas world and fighting communism, it is a fascist police the long run, U.S. support for majority rule will not who are fleeing to Namibia. In return, it is hoped t' -t state without any regard whatsoever for human rights only score an ideological victory for the free world, but Angola would help the SWAPO guerrillas in their \...r and dignity. With an economy entirely dependent on safeguard U.S. economic interests in South Africa as against South African forces in Namibia. Acording to black African slave labor, South Africa would feature well. Active U.S. support for majority rule in South a South African government release, the prospects of a prominently among the world's poor nations, if she Africa was part of the Democratic Party platform on major military confrontation in Southern Africa are paid decent wages to the Africans. European which Carter ran for election. To do otherwise would very high. Most Africans believe that the question of investments in South Africa have been steadily repeat the story of Angola in Pretoria someday. Protestors Fight IBM and Apartheid

By DAVID GERSH family ties with Citibank and other corporations in government. Stony Brook, Nov. 10-About 20 to 25 faculty, graduate South Africa. These people, apointed by Nelson Ever since U.S. banks.including Citibank, gave students and undergrads, organized by the Committee Rockefeller when he was governor, are responsible for the South African government a 30 million-dollar loan Against Racism, picketed outside the Career the cutbacks in SUNY, the pitifully small number of after the Sharpesville Massacre of i960, it has been the Development Office, where the IBM recruiter was black faculty and grad students (1% and 3%, support of the U.S. corporations, such as IBM, that has interviewing students. They distributed 1,200 leaflets, respectively, at Stony Brook), shrinking financial aid, kept the system of apartheid on its feet. One of the talked to passers-by and chanted, "Segregation here, and overcrowded classes. These cutbacks, while demonstrators, a black who had worked for IBM in apartheid there, fight racism everywhere!" affecting all students, tend to further burden black and New York, pointed out that he was paid less than The IBM Corporation is one of the 353 U.S. Latin students, leading to fewer minority whites for doing the same work here in the U.S.! After companies and banks which have investments in South students graduating with degrees. It is these same 20 minutes, the protesters left, and vowed to come back Africa. IBM manufactures and sells a large people, who have a stake in perpetuating apartheid in with more people when IBM returns on February 9, percentage of computers and typewriters in that South Africa, who perpetuate racist practices here. 1977. country. The presence of an IBM recruiteron campus After picketing for one hour, protesters went This was the first on-campus action by the "as a focal point to protest the support given to inside and confronted the recruiter about his company. Committee Against Racism in over a year. C.A.R. is a )artheid by U.S. capitalists, in particular the SUNY In a seemingly humanitarian gesture, he stated, "As multi-racial, rank-and-file controlled organization oard of Trustees, and to show support for the far as I know, black as whites are treated as equally as which believes that racism is increasingly used to hurt ?bellion in South Africa against apartheid. possible within the law." However, he refused to admit the vast majority of the U.S. population, both minority It was emphasized that many members of the that in South Africa, the laws are the most inequitable and white. C.A.R. is open to anyone who is serious SUNY Board of Trustees are on the boards of directors in the world. Blacks can't hold positions higher than, about fighting racism. For more information about of major banks and corporations with tremendous or be paid more than whites. In fact, blacks working C.A.R. call 246-6198 or 473-6579. investments in South Africa. Two examples are for "humanitarian" IBM in South Africa get paid 57% David Gersh is a member of the Committe Against Clifton Phalen, who is a director of Citibank and W. R. of what whites get. In addition, the presence of IBM in Racism and a graduate student in psychology here at Grace and Co., and Mrs. Maurice Moore, who has South Africa bolsters that racist economy and S.B. Gil Noble Cites Racism in the Media (cont. from pg 3) The Civil Rights Movements of the At President Roosevelt's funeral, he songs about freedom, and was met by but this was not reported. He also gave a '60's echoed Paul Robeson's words. In read Carl Sandberg's eulogy. Yet, anti-communist and anti-semitic groups Trans-Atlantic concert by telephone to Russia, a mountain has been named during the McCarthy period, he was who angrily disrupted the day. As an the Welsh people of Great Britain. This, after him, and it was in irony that he accused of being a communist. He swore artist he was tolerated, but when he too, was never acknowledged by the U.S. watched Richard Milhouse Nixon, under oath in the Supreme Court of spoke out for black people, this was media. formerly an anti-red activist of the California that he was not a communist, unacceptable. Finally, by weight of the In 1958, the Department of Justice McCarthy era, go to Russia in the '70's. but merely a critic of American black churches, the rest of the black returned Robeson's passport, which was On Tuesday, January 23, 1976, democracy. All the same. he was barred commulnity came to 1%; d1efens.o Paul se.zei becau lhe publicized to the Robeson died. His grave from public places and still he refused to can be found in In 1950, the U.S. government seized world American injustices to black Ferncliffe Cemetary. avoid Russia, where he found strong his passport. Sixteen members of the Americans. Thus, it was Paul Robeson His similaritie in the Russian and American is the "story of strength and British Parliament petitioned the U.S. who also played a part in the de- languages. gentlenss, commitment and unbending to return it, but to no avail. He gave a segregation of schools, and it was Paul In Harlem one afternoon, Paul principles."--Gil Noble. concert on the Canadian border, Robeson who, in his travels, spoke out "The tallest tree in Robeson was scheduled to sing folk our forest." attended by thousands from both sides, against the injustices. Mary McCloud Bethune Page 8 BLACKWORLD November 23 1976 >

f> vvvvvU VVVUVUUvvIlVVUvUv VVUVVVVVVVWJvVVvtl'V vv VVV v vvvvvkvv VVVVVVVIJV LT1~'PT~"~ V(~TTP CTTAM( 1 T~! DON'T MISS IT STUDENT JOURNALISTS PHOTOGRAPHERS TYPISTS ARTISTS HERE'S A CHANCE TO JOIN A NEEDED AND WORTHWHILE NEWSPAPER Volunteer Your Help? Add 3 credits to your schedule? Blackworld is a Course - AFS 299 VO.9 p I 6 ...... VI6N1 ...... 51V-1Il"l6.II fEwU JOIN BLACKWORLD a rewarding,fulfilling and interesting experience ieese eeep «A**...... p. pep.»H«»««. .... BLACKWORLD ROOM 060 S.B. UNION 0-A9Z MIZ20QO p.....peemo oeeoe.eos.eseeeoee*eo.oeeep ! S nAAAAnn A A A A••AA nA AA AAAAA AAA A AAAAA AA AAA » Social Control, Tension and YCS (cont. from pg. 1) innocent of continue one's education); knowledge of how to assess a adult privileges. known survivor of the "Scottsboro Boys", he was charged with in 1931. learning experience (leaving with information that Ms. Faulkner's main objective was the prevention the rapes Mr. Norris, who at the time was "riding the rails" will aid in the attainment of goals). of juvenile graduation into the Criminal Justice with his comrades when they were seized and jailed, These building-blocks are especially important in Program. In order to prevent this, Ms. Faulkner said, despite a lack of evidence, and was sentenced to death preparing imprisoned brothers in coping with the professionals must learn to understand the Juvenile along with his comrades. Ruby Bates and Victoria system. If not, they will become trapped in the Justice System, as well as the Criminal Justice Price, the two white women who had charged rape, revolving doors in and out of prison. Program, in order to prepare the child and his parents admitted that they had made up the story to avoid The second panelist, Edward Dowdy, represented to cope with the system and possibly help prevent their trouble for riding on the train illegally. The U.S. the Think Tank Program. The purposeof the program the Juvenile Justice Program. re-entry into Supreme Court ordered new trials twice, but to no is to initiate new ideas in order for troubled black youth The panel also discussed the position the media has avail. to become more aware of the dues that must be paid in taken on the issue of juvenile criminal justice. The When he was paroled in 1950, Norris quickly fled order to gain any results. The staff consists of ex- recent exposures of youth crimes perpetrated against City, where he has worked and is happily convicts, the reason for this being that they have been viewed as an attempt to instate to New York older citizens was married with two daughters. Mr. Norris, who was left victims of the system and would be able to relate their harsher penalties for youth. The panelists urged speechless when the audience gave him a standing experiences to the youth with a greater impact. parents not to abandon their youth to the police, remarked, "111 get used to it," with a deep The third panelist was Leone Modeste, the director explaining that the end result would probably be more ovation, Southern drawl. of the Manhood Program. Manhood is an organization damaging to his or her well-being. The focus of the The day concluded with the keynote speaker, Dick whose main objective is to find employment for the ex- group was on: preventing and diverting youth and the political and economic offenders. The program was founded in 1967 by the adults from the courts, judicial process and prison, as Gregory, who integrated of black people with his usual wit and humor. first black Correction Captain in , outof well as the rehabilitation, training, education, and re- problems pointed out that this "white racist system" a concern over the ethics of the outer community, entry of black citizens to the community. Gregory is measured by the ability of a has been the root problem of all our problems. where one's manhood Pardoned "Scottsboro Boy" Gets a Salute man to care for himself and his family. The average Aftacking everything from President-elect Carter's age of those in the program in 19-25 years. In the evening, the Chonga Dance Company of support of white racist South Africa to Madison The fourth panelist was Mary E. Faulkner, Medgar Evers College performed an African Avenue advertisers' manipulation of all our minds, speaking on the Family Court and Juvenile Justice welcoming dance and a salute to the special speakers, Gregory pointed out that black people have assimilated Program. The historical development of the Juvenile Mr Clarence Norris, one of the Seottnboro Boys. a "white racist meniality" as well. Justice System supposedly grew out of the child-saving Mr. Norris was sentenced to death in Alabama 45 The high point of his speech was the playing of a movement of the late 1880's to the 1890's, a crusade that years ago for the rape of two white prostitutes. But tape recording where an FBI agent testified over the served a symbolic and status function for middle-class now, after many years of struggle, he has been phone that the man who had been chosen to head the Luther King's Americans. Its concern was for structure and stability pardoned and is back with us. committee investigating Dr. Martin man that he saw jump with of family life and problems of socialization of young On October 25, Alabama governor George Wallace assassination was the same persons. Its aim was to disqualify youth from enjoying signed a pardon which declared Mr. Norris, the last glee when he heard that King was dead.