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Geodesy- and Geology-Based Slip-Rate Models for the Western United States (Excluding California) National Seismic Hazard Maps

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Geodesy- and Geology-Based Slip-Rate Models for the Western United States (Excluding California) National Seismic Hazard Maps Geodesy- and Geology-Based Slip-Rate Models for the Western United States (Excluding California) National Seismic Hazard Maps By Mark D. Petersen, Yuehua Zeng, Kathleen M. Haller, Robert McCaffrey, William C. Hammond, Peter Bird, Morgan Moschetti, Zhengkang Shen, Jayne Bormann, and Wayne Thatcher Open-File Report 2013–1293 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior SALLY JEWELL, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Suzette M. Kimball, Acting Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2014 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment—visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Suggested citation: Petersen, M.D., Zeng, Yuehua, Haller, K.M., McCaffrey, Robert, Hammond, W.C., Bird, Peter, Moschetti, Morgan, Shen, Zhengkang, Bormann, Jayne, and Thatcher, Wayne, 2014, Geodesy- and geology-based slip-rate models for the Western United States (excluding California) national seismic hazard maps: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013–1293, 80 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131293. ISSN 2331-1258 (online) Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner. ii Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Geologic and Geodetic Data for Slip-Rate Estimation ................................................................................................... 2 Methodology for Constructing Combined-Inversion Slip-Rate Models ....................................................................... 4 Methodology for Implementing Combined-Inversion on Fault Slip-Rate Models into Hazard Maps ........................... 8 Methodology for Constructing Combined-Inversion Off-Fault Seismicity-Rate Models .............................................14 Seismic-Hazard Results ...............................................................................................................................................15 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................................................22 References Cited ..........................................................................................................................................................22 Appendixes ...................................................................................................................................................................26 Appendix A—NSHMP Block Model of Western United States Active Tectonics .......................................................27 Abstract .................................................................................................................................................................27 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................................27 Block Model WUS5 ...............................................................................................................................................27 GPS Data ..............................................................................................................................................................29 Reference Frame ...............................................................................................................................................31 Data Editing .......................................................................................................................................................31 Cascadia Elastic Strain-Rate Correction ............................................................................................................32 Geologic Slip Rates ...............................................................................................................................................34 Block-Model Results with tdefnode ......................................................................................................................34 Slip Rates Derived from Block Model ....................................................................................................................35 Internal Block Strain Rates ....................................................................................................................................35 Summary ...............................................................................................................................................................36 References Cited ...................................................................................................................................................37 Appendix B—A Block Model of Western United States Tectonic Deformation for the 2014 National Seismic Hazard Maps from GPS and Geologic Data .............................................................................................................39 Abstract .................................................................................................................................................................39 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................................39 Data .......................................................................................................................................................................40 Method ..................................................................................................................................................................41 Results and Discussion .........................................................................................................................................42 References Cited ...................................................................................................................................................46 Appendix C—Estimation of Fault Slip Rates in the Conterminous Western United States with Statistical and Kinematic Finite-Element Programs ..........................................................................................................................48 Overview ...............................................................................................................................................................48 Statistical Modeling of Geologic Offset Rates with Program Slippery ....................................................................48 Joint Geologic and Geophysical Inversion for Offset Rates with Program NeoKinema .........................................51 Manual Adjustments to Some Slip Rates in California...........................................................................................55 References Cited ...................................................................................................................................................56 Appendix D—A Fault-Based Model for Crustal Deformation in the Western United States ......................................58 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................................58 Method ..................................................................................................................................................................58 GPS Data ..............................................................................................................................................................59 Geologic Data........................................................................................................................................................60 Fault Model ...........................................................................................................................................................61 Model Results........................................................................................................................................................63 Conclusions ...........................................................................................................................................................66 iii References Cited ...................................................................................................................................................67 Appendix E—Consideration of the Use of Off-Fault Strain Rates from Combined Inversions of Geodetic (GPS) and Geologic Data for the National Seismic Hazard Maps .......................................................................................69 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................................69
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