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On-Common-Quail-Populations -- -sis ---estock- ---ons ----inegét- -----omún Impact of game restocking on common quail populations -----estocki--- -wCoturnix coturnix--tic- Decre-------- admixtur----s Postcopul--cti--lizati--- restoc------ls Detec--------xtensivel- restoc--rd -sis -- IMPACT OF GAME RESTOCKING ON COMMON QUAIL POPULATIONS Impacto de las sueltas cinegéticas en las poblaciones de codorniz común Memoria presentada por Inés Sánchez Donoso para optar al título de Doctora por la Universidad de Barcelona Facultad de Biología Departamento de Biología Animal Programa de Doctorado en Biodiversidad (Código H0G01) Barcelona, Julio 2014 Inés Sánchez Donoso Visto bueno de los DIRECTORES DE TESIS Dr. José Domingo Rodríguez Dr. Manel Puigcerver Oliván Dr. Carles Vilà Teijeiro Experimental Sciences and Conservation and Evolutionary Animal Biology Department Mathematics Didactics Department Genetics Group Universitat de Barcelona (UB) Universitat de Barcelona (UB) Estación Biológica de Doñana – Barcelona, Spain Barcelona, Spain CSIC Seville, Spain A mis padres A mis hermanos A Jose Luis Esta tesis ha sido posible gracias a todas aquellas personas anónimas que han aportado su esfuerzo para que la administración pública pueda pagar becas y contratos para formar profesionales en la investigación. Beca FI de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Ajuts per a la formació i contractació de personal investigador novell. Borses de viatge del Departament de Biologia Animal de la Universitat de Barcelona. Ajut de finalització de tesi del Departament de Biologia Animal de la Universitat de Barcelona. Programa de Captación del Conocimiento para Andalucía, de la Junta de Andalucía. AGRADECIMIENTOS / AGRAÏMENTS / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Mas Esplugues, 2007 Doñana, 2014 Parecía que este momento no iba a llegar nunca, pero aquí está, y ahora espero no olvidarme de nadie de los que han tenido algo que ver con todo esto. Este ha sido un doctorado un poco raro, he hecho muchas cosas durante este largo tiempo, unas cuantas han tomado forma de artículos científicos, y otras están en camino. Creo que muchas otras quedarán en momentos de esfuerzo e ilusión. Muchas horas en el campo, muchas horas con las codornices. Pero todo ello, a pesar de que tal vez no vea la luz, me ha formado como bióloga, mi vocación. Quiero empezar por agradecer todo el esfuerzo invertido en mi formación a mis directores de tesis. Primero a Domingo , porque fue quien me abrió la puerta a su grupo de investigación en comportamiento, ¡lo que a mí siempre me había interesado! Momentos de mucha ilusión. Gracias, Domingo, por todas las lluvias de ideas, de paranoias mentales, de discusiones, algunas un poco extrañas, como “¿qué debía hacer aquella codorniz que en el año catapún saltó a la pata coja?”. Gracias por tus primeras clases de estadística, aunque ya sabes lo que pienso ... :) Gracias por haber sido mi primer contacto con el campo, por enseñarme a ver el arte que hay en él, ¡y el arte de la captura de codornices! Tu espíritu naturalista me ha enseñado mucho en este tiempo. Pero, no hay Domingo sin Manel , en esto de las codornices. Manel, gràcies per escoltar-me sempre, per donar-me una resposta en els moments de confusió. Per donar-me ànims, dir-me les coses clares i felicitar-me quan calia. Gràcies pel teu interès en que les coses rodin, per posar ordre al caos i per les teves llistes de “flecos” que han fet que no quedés res pendent i que no perdés el cap mil.lers de vegades. Per intentar sempre donar precisió i velocitat a les teves respostes i a la part del treball que recau en tu. Gràcies per ser part de “el pueblo” i per tots els acudits de tornada del camp. Gràcies per tot l’esforç posat al camp, amb faixa i sense, encara que el “lumbago” t’ho posi difícil. Dóna les gràcies de part meva a la Carmen, pels “gazpachos” a la font, que revivien a un mort, i gràcies a tu per compartir-los! Per cert, he de dir-te que ho sento, però em penso que sóc més d’anglès americà (zzzzzzz). Gracias a los dos por ser trabajadores incansables totalmente entregados a vuestra labor en el conocimiento de la codorniz. Tal vez vuestras dudas sobre la continuidad de esta línea de investigación sean fundadas, porque no creo que nadie pueda seguiros la pista en cuanto a la entrega que habéis puesto todos estos años en la investigación de este animalito tan popular, pero a la vez tan desconocido. Ya que lo pienso, querría agradecerle también a Secundino el haberos iniciado en ello. Aunque no lo llegué a conocer, ha sido una figura presente en el trasfondo de este trabajo. Después llegó Carles , como de casualidad, pero acabó teniendo un peso importantísimo en esta tesis. Carles, gràcies per haver-me acollit al teu grup de recerca, per haver-me donat aquesta possibilitat. Gràcies per ser tan curiós i estar obert a noves idees. Moltes gràcies per rebrem sempre amb un somriure quan pico a la porta del teu despatx (bé, menys quan et cauen els ulls de son). Sempre estàs disponible, encara que tinguis mil i una coses per fer, i sempre puc comptar amb la teva opinió i el teu esforç. Gràcies per posar una guía ben sòlida en la meva construcció com a biòloga investigadora. Gràcies per desgranar tota la informació enrevessada que tenia al meu cap, i per ensenyar-me a distingir el que és important i el que no. No sé si et podré agrair prou aquella pregunta que un cop em vas fer: “i tu què en penses?”. Va provocar un canvi intern. Sempre has escoltat i has tingut en compte les meves opinions (molts cops no encertades), moltes gràcies, espero poder seguir aprenent de tu encara molt més. He tenido la suerte de formar parte de dos grupos de investigación, por lo que he podido rodearme de muchos compañeros que han tenido mucho que ver en este proceso. Quiero agradecer el esfuerzo de todas aquellas personitas que han sudado por las codornices, todos los voluntarios que han venido a ayudarnos con mucha ilusión y no sé si mucha recompensa. También a los que han formado parte de esta historia de forma más contínua: Víctor , Àlex , Elisabeth , Sònia , Laia , Ana (sub1), y otros tantos. Gracias a Guillem también por dejarme acompañarlo alguna noche en busca de tejones, y por su esfuerzo con las codornices a la par. Gracias a Irene también por los momentos en el campo y por seguir sacándole jugo a las codornices. Edu , gracias también a ti, por estar siempre disponible y por ésa filosofía de vida que destilas. Estic molt agraïda a la família Pons , sense la seva col·laboració, gran part de la recerca amb les guatlles no hauria estat possible. Gràcies per acollir-nos a casa vostra i per deixar-nos fer i desfer pels vostres camps. Al Ramón Ibáñez no me l’oblido en aquests agraïments! Gràcies per la teva complicitat i per estar sempre disposat a que saltéssim dins la segadora. Sempre esperava el moment de pujar-hi i passar una bona estona parlant de tot una mica, sempre amb un somriure i una conya. Ets un jovenall! Gràcies també a la resta de propietaris de camps i a tots els segadors que han suportat les nostres trucades cada dos per tres i que ens han permès estar amb ells durant tantes hores de sega. Gràcies, Amaya Amador , per deixar-me aprendre durant el procés de genotipat als Serveis Científico-Tècnics de la UB. El meu company de viatge al grup de la UB ha estat el Francesc . Gràcies, “Màster”, per tota l’energia, l’esforç i la iniciativa que has posat a la feina amb les guatlles, que han permès que jo em trobés el camí una mica més pla. Has estat una mica el mirall on m’he mirat moltes vegades. Gràcies pels teus consells, encara que algun no el vaig seguir. Gràcies per la teva empanamenta i filosofia que li ha tret ferro a les coses moltes vegades i m’han fet riure molts cops. En definitiva, gràcies per la teva complicitat, per poder comptar amb tu sempre, per ser un gran amic. Sin mis bridas esto no hubiese sido lo mismo. Los mejores momentos los he pasado con vosotras, pero no por casualidad sino porque los habéis creado vosotras. Ése “pueblo”, que lo sabe todo. Gracias Ana (sub2), eres la mejor aunque no quieras reconocerlo. Salir contigo al campo era siempre una alegría y una ilusión. “Domingas for ever”. Y no me la cantes, que ya la tengo en la cabeza otra vez... Marisa , ésa perspicacia tuya siempre me hace reír y sentirme feliz. A la próxima nos ponemos Cindy Lauper, aunque todos sabemos que eres una clásica ;) Gràcies també pel teu esforç esbrinant de què van, aquestes guatlles. Cris , tu sensibilidad en todo lo que haces, hace que sea mucho más especial. No puc deixar d’agrair els moments amb els meus col·legues del departament de Biologia Animal: Raquel , Luigi , Gemma , Isa , Albert , Blanca , Alberto , Eloy , Deborah , Manolo , Javi , Oriol Lapiedra , Mario , Jose , Fran , Mark , Batmarc , ... (i perdoneu tots aquells a qui no he anomenat!). La vostra complicitat i el saber que no estava sola seguint aquest camí, l’han fet molt més lleuger. Moltes gràcies per compartir-lo. Oriol Canals, Olatz, Rocío, Laura i Joan , gràcies per haver-me fet costat i haver aguantat tants moments de dubtes. Sempre he pogut comptar amb vosaltres quan he necessitat una empenteta i algun ànim. Gràcies guapus! Voldria donar les gràcies a algú molt important en aquesta tesi, en Ferran Pereira . Ell va ser qui em va posar en contacte amb el Domingo, en una de les primeres parades d’una ruta que em tenia planejada pels departaments de la Facultat de Biologia.
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