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Arms and Armor of the Medieval Knight

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Arms and Armor of the Medieval Knight IQP-48-JLS-0057 Arms and Armor of the Medieval Knight Interactive Qualifying Project Proposal Submitted to the Faculty of the WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation by _____________________________ _____________________________ Eric Clayton Erik DeVolder _____________________________ _____________________________ James Justin Fyles Jonathan E.H. Hayden April 5, 2008 _______________________________ Professor Jeffrey L. Forgeng. Major Advisor Keywords: History – Middle Ages, Knight, Arms and Armor 1 Abstract The medieval knight was the deciding force on the battlefield during the Middle Ages, due primarily to his specialized arms and armor and his extensive training. This project tells the story of the knight through the arms and armor at his disposal. The team’s substantial research document on the knight's historical context, weapons, armor, and equestrian equipment formed the basis of a 15-minute video documentary that will be shown hourly to the public at the Higgins Armory Museum. 2 Contents Contents .................................................................................................................................................... 3 Figures ........................................................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 9 History and Context of the Middle Ages ..................................................................................................... 12 Ruling Structure .................................................................................................................................. 12 Feudalism and Manorialism: a Modern Perspective .......................................................................... 12 Context of Feudalism in Medieval Society .......................................................................................... 14 History of the Knight ............................................................................................................................... 16 The Pre-History of the Mounted Soldier ............................................................................................. 16 The History of the Knight as a Social Class .......................................................................................... 16 The Knight in the Early Middle Ages ................................................................................................... 17 The Knight in the High Middle Ages .................................................................................................... 17 The Knight in the Late Middle Ages .................................................................................................... 18 Cultural World ......................................................................................................................................... 19 Chivalry................................................................................................................................................ 19 Tournaments ....................................................................................................................................... 20 Heraldry............................................................................................................................................... 22 Upbringing of the Knight ......................................................................................................................... 24 Pre-adolescence .................................................................................................................................. 24 The Page Years .................................................................................................................................... 25 The Squire Years .................................................................................................................................. 26 Dubbing of the Knight ......................................................................................................................... 26 Arms of the Medieval Knight ...................................................................................................................... 28 Daggers, Grappling and the Medieval Knight ......................................................................................... 28 Grappling ............................................................................................................................................. 28 The Dagger .......................................................................................................................................... 30 Swords of the Medieval Knight ............................................................................................................... 32 European swords before the 11 th Century .......................................................................................... 32 3 Swords in the 11 th Century .................................................................................................................. 33 Swords in the 12 th Century .................................................................................................................. 33 Swords in the 13 th Century .................................................................................................................. 34 Swords in the 14 th Century .................................................................................................................. 34 Swords in the 15 th Century .................................................................................................................. 35 Sword fighting Techniques .................................................................................................................. 36 Blunt Weapons and Polearms of the Knight ........................................................................................... 37 The Mace ............................................................................................................................................. 37 The War Hammer ................................................................................................................................ 37 Other Polearms ................................................................................................................................... 39 Ranged Weapons of the Medieval Period .............................................................................................. 41 The Longbow ....................................................................................................................................... 41 The Crossbow ...................................................................................................................................... 42 Gunpowder Weapons in the Medieval Period ................................................................................... 43 The Medieval Horse ................................................................................................................................ 45 The Horse ............................................................................................................................................ 45 Horse Domestication .......................................................................................................................... 47 The Saddle ........................................................................................................................................... 51 The Spur .............................................................................................................................................. 53 The Bridle ............................................................................................................................................ 54 The Horseshoe .................................................................................................................................... 55 Barding ................................................................................................................................................ 55 Horsemanship ..................................................................................................................................... 56 The Medieval Horse ............................................................................................................................ 58 The Joust ............................................................................................................................................. 59 The Lance ............................................................................................................................................ 59 Armor of the Medieval Knight .................................................................................................................... 61 Armor Pre-1400 ...................................................................................................................................... 61 Mail ..................................................................................................................................................... 61 Helm ...................................................................................................................................................
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