DOCSLIB.ORG

Nodeul-Guideline-Eng.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nodeul-Guideline-Eng.Pdf This design guideline is only valid until March 18, 2016 if revised version is posted. Please, check the website. Table of contests 1. Design Competition Rules 1.1 Competition Title 08 1.2 Competition Goal 08 1.3 Project Outline 08 1.4 Competition Type 08 1.5 Language and Unit Standards 08 1.6 Eligibility 09 1.7 Competition Schedule 09 1.8 Registration 09 1.9 Queries 10 1.10 Reference Materials 10 1.11 Submission 10 1.12 Anonymity 11 1.13 Client 11 1.14 Competition Administration 11 1.15 Technical Committee 12 1.16 Jury Committee 12 1.17 Selection of Winners 13 1.18 Design Contract 14 1.19 Copyright and Publication/Exhibit 14 1.20 Dispute 14 2. Design Guide 2.1 Design Goal 16 2.2 Design Area and Subject 16 2.3 Site Existing Condition 17 2.4 General Guide and Consideration 19 2.5 Detailed Guideline of Facilities 23 2.6 Cost Estimation 28 3. Book Submittal and Standard Format 3.1 Submission Documents 30 3.2 Pin and Numbering of Panels 32 3.3 Document Guideline 33 3.4 List of Forms 33 3.5 List of Reference Materials 33 4. Appendix 4.1 Project Overview 41 4.2 Existing Condition of Nodeul Island 42 4.3 Foundation Construction Plan 48 4.4 Space Program Proposed 58 by Selected Operator 4.5 Existing Condition of Surrounding Area 62 4.6 History of Nodeul Island 63 Nodeul Dream Island Where We Create Together Island of City There is an island. When trams had run in the heart of Seoul, the name of the island was Jungjido. The image of the island is little bit different in our memories. Sandy beach where people enjoyed river bathing, quiet dating place for couples, place where parade marches through on Armed Forces Day, the island which gets crowded all of a sudden when Seoul Firework Festival is held, the name of this island is Nodeul Island. A beautiful name with meaning of stepping stone where white heron paddled. Nodeul Island is in the middle of Seoul just like the expression but this is an island we look at from distance and slide by. This is a place where we can meet beautiful sunset and basic nature which we can hardly imagine from the city. Nodeul Island is a place where we can meet unusual scenery and sometimes surrealistic situation. Han River Art Island Nodeul Island used to be a private property. In 2005, the Seoul city government purchased it to develop a cultural complex and they held three competitions over three years (2005~2009). It was a process to find specific appearance of the Han River Art Island Project including opera house, youth music hall, art gallery and so on. It was a monumental project that proves we moved on from days dominated by economic logics and shows cultural values are much more important to us. Music and art are very important values which will go along with our daily lives. Thus, concert hall and art gallery should be located where we can easily approach. However, Nodeul Island is still an island of a city. Additional transport infrastructure was required to allow daily access of citizens. The budget required for island connecting transportation facilities construction was an enormous amount of money. Han River Art Island Project’s estimated amount for facility investment was over 600 billion KRW. Public cultural facility with difficult access is obviously hard to operate. Public facility with lack of operational continuity will end up demanding continuous operating expense support besides initial facility investment cost. Public Cultural Facility should function as catalyst for city. It should play a role of changing surrounding area as cultural spaces and restructuring city structures. It should return cultural values and economic compensation in larger reproduction to the citizens. Thus, cultural facility should be located in downtown. We have some cases, such as, ARCO Art Center which improved Deahak-ro and National Museum of Contemporary Art (Seoul) which changed Bukchon. There is a negative lesson of large cultural facility which is located far away from the city and isolated in the forest. However, the island is even further away than forest. Starting the project was possible as fund of 200 billion KRW is already prepared. However, budget deficit problem of Seoul rose in 2010 and <Nodeul Island Art Center Construction Fund Ordinance> was repealed. Thus, the fund was used for reducing debts of Seoul. In addition, municipal assembly repealed <Han River Art Island Establishment and Management Ordinance>. As actual project initiative power and basis disappeared, Han River Art Island Project has aborted. Part of fund, in approximate amount of 27.7 billion KRW which was executed for field study and design fee, sank. They could request to resume the project in order to restore the sunken cost. But the part we need to pay attention on is additional budget, not the sunken cost. Opportunity cost which should be continuously invested could be turn into sunken cost, and it might require endless support on operating expense to resume this project. This was a very important matter which requires citizen’s insight and agreement. In 2013, the Seoul Institute worked on ‘Expert Opinion Survey Research on Nodeul Island Utilization.’ Majority of experts did not opposed to Cultural Facility Construction. The part they opposed to was ‘large scale’ cultural facility construction of ‘Nodeul Island.’ The conclusion was it is recommended to seek for methods to utilize the space instead of neglecting it due to its large potential value. For thorough discussion, Nodeul Island Forum has formed and the necessity of accepting various citizen’s opinion was brought up. As opinion acceptance process, Seoul city held online public opinion survey, student design camp, citizen’s idea contest, idea sketch of local/oversea professional exhibition, and open forum for citizens. Organizing various and valuable opinions and suggestions, Nodeul Island’s construction direction could converged into two values: this should be a place where all citizen should cultivate together and enjoy and it should be completed in steps. When we integrate this sentence, the key words converge into citizen and history. 노들섬 전경 (노들섬 사진공모전 1회 후보작 ‘한강의 중심’) Dreams of Citizen 화산남(華山南) 한수북(漢水北) 천년승지(千年勝地) 광통교(廣通橋) 운종가(雲鍾街) 건나드러 낙락장송(落落長松) 정정고백(亭亭古柏) 추상오부(秋霜烏府) 위 만고청풍(萬古淸風)ㅅ경(景) 긔 엇더니잇고 (Mean: South of Bukhan Mountian, north of Han River, famous scenic land from old times, crossing Gwanggyo and Jongno, majestic Saheonbu with drooping pine tree and towering nut pine (elder minister of the court.) This is the beginning of Sang'dae byeol-gok of Kwon Geun. The image of dream and hope foreseeing thousand years of the city from Cheonggye Stream Kwangtong Bridge, which is located in the middle of Hanyang (old name of Seoul) of early establishment of Joseon Dyansty, is drawn in this poem. Seoul should still be a place like that. We put healthy society, which we can dream in and shape the future together, in Seoul and expect that such a society will build Seoul. However, we must admit the spaces of dissatisfaction by compromising with reality and frustration are blended in Seoul. But surrealistic place, ‘Island of City’ is a different place. Currently, Han River Nodeul Island, located in the heart of Seoul, wants to be a Nodeul Dream Island where we can draw our dreams. Yul-do, a country that Hong Gil-dong, child of a concubine who was discriminated, established or Binseom (Empty Island), place where a poor scholar, Heo Saeng dreamt of, might be one of the places like that. Neverland from Peter Pan might be one of them, as well. The theme this island still needs is citizen and history. 1. Citizen If society is a group of citizens, in what method free and equal civil society can be represented? It should be a social system or operating system. First operating system of Nodeul Dream Island will be established by inventive project idea of creative proposer. Empathic value about a civil society that we expect should be magnified in this island operation system. But what completes the island is citizen’s participation. Elaborate rules and scenario that narrate how citizen will participate on completion of the society and establish the form of island should be included. 2. History Society and city do not get completed by great elite and in fact, the moment of completion does not exist. What would be the plan to draw active intervention of our next generation and accumulate their traces on this island? Nodeul Dream Island should be a place where citizen’s experience and memory accumulate. Required space for realizing the project and first facility plan should start in reasonable scale. Also, in background of the plan, it should enable future citizen’s spatial participation while flexibly responding to their behavior and demands. New Style Competition Democratic society judge value through the process of reaching a conclusion rather than the value that conclusion embodies. Sound society maintains and develops through keen competition and impartial judgement. The institutional strategy of these competition and judgement is competition. Future shape of Nodeul Dream Island will be selected by competition. All of operational planning of Nodeul Dream Island, Space Planning, and first operator will be selected by competition. This competition wants to be a monumental project for proceeding through the most democratic process rather than being the most glamourous and enormous structure. This project is meaningful as it even select proposal on how to utilize Nodeul Island through competition. Of course, that proposal projects our dreams yet premised on practical possibility in reality.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Application of Traffic State Prediction Methods to Urban Expressway Network in the City of Seoul
    Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol.11, 2015 Application of Traffic State Prediction Methods to Urban Expressway Network in the City of Seoul Youngho Kim a, Woojin Kang b, Minju Park c a,b,c The Korea Transport Institute, 370 Sicheong-daero, Sejong-si, 339-007, Korea a E-mail: [email protected] b E-mail: [email protected] c Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: This paper proposes a traffic state prediction method based on two perspectives; short-term and long-term prediction. Modified KNN method is used for short-term prediction from recent 2 years of historical data set. Pattern of the day of the week is used to predict long-term. To overcome the gap between the result of short-term and long-term prediction, the weighted average for two predicted results is considered as the final predicted result. The proposed method is tested in the real urban expressway network and the performance of the proposed method is evaluated in this paper. Keywords: K-nearest neighbor, K-NN, short-term prediction, long-term prediction 1. INTRODUCTION Drivers usually precede a trip by checking out the traffic conditions for their route using computers, smart phones, or navigation systems. Even after they determine their travel route based on the information prior to the departure, they constantly look for the optimal travel route through navigation systems while driving. This is why the predicted traffic information is getting more important the advanced route planning. The predicted traffic information is produced in two steps, traffic state estimation and traffic state prediction.
    [Show full text]
  • Institutional Explanations of Shaping a Particular Housing Culture in South Korea
    Institutional Explanations of Shaping a Particular Housing Culture in South Korea: A Case Study of the Gangnam District in Seoul by Jinhee Park Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Social Sciences Department of Town and Regional Planning The University of Sheffield June 2013 ABSTRACT High-rise urban housing has been one of the most contentious themes in academic and policy discourses regarding urban built environments, connoted in many western countries as ‘slums’ with social delinquency and dysfunctional family lives. This has often been contrasted with the ideal of the suburban house. Together these have framed a ‘deterministic dualism’ of built environments according to the physical and spatial features. Such extreme comparison has helped to reinforce social and spatial segregation, resulting in the deep stigmatisation of high-rise built environments. This has left little room for other possibilities, in particular in the context of recent issues of sustainable development, such as new urbanism, struggling to transform images and perspectives of high-rise city living. However, there is a contrasting reality in South Korea, where the same built environment involves exactly the opposite story of these predominant discourses, where fundamental changes in the country’s housing market have occurred in tandem with the rise of a so-called ‘apartment culture’. Urban high-rise living has come to be seen as representative of modern middle-class lifestyles in response to dramatic economic growth over the last half century, accompanying by the transformation of low-rise settlements into high-rise blocks in both urban and suburban areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Uniquely Korea
    Uniquely Retaining Visual Authenticity Koreain Cultural Presentations Deanna Cannon Master of Fine Arts Thesis Project Liberty University School of Communication & the Arts Department of Studio and Digital Arts Uniquely Acknowledgments Special thanks to those whose love and support have helped this project blossom into something special. Retaining Visual Authenticity To my chair and thesis committee whose in Cultural Presentations encouragement and guidance led me to a deeper understanding of my topic and research. Korea To all my professors who challenged me to grow in my skills and gain confidence in my abilities. To my sisters for all their support, both academically and emotionally. To my parents who supported me throughout my academic career and always encouraged my interest in illustration. And especially to my mom who introduced me to Korea and has always been there to guide me as I delved deeper into my Korean heritage. Diane Xu, Chair Heather Burt, First Reader Kami Anderson, Second Reader © 2021 Deanna Cannon Written and Designed by Deanna Cannon Todd Smith, Department Chair deannabohae.art/thesis Abstract Contents As educators and creators seek to introduce students to cultures from around the world to increase cultural awareness, visual media has also become a powerful tool to disseminate the visual culture of a people. When media Chapter One: The Problem ........................................................06 misrepresents a culture, the introduction to the culture can be flawed and create more problems. How then can media creators ensure that their Chapter Two: Research Report ...................................................10 representations are accurate? This project proposes that careful research balanced with an observation of the culture’s visual presentations can help guide cultural representations toward authenticity.
    [Show full text]
  • Here, Where Water Intake, Shipping, and Flooding Were Intertwined
    1. Design Competition Rules 2. Design Guidelines 1.1 Competition Title 1 2.1 Work Scope and Site 13 1.2 Competition Purpose 1 2.2 Current Site Conditions 15 1.3 Competition Outlines 1 2.3 Design Guidelines 16 2.4 Estimated Construction Costs 20 1.4 Competition Type 2 1.5 Languages and Units 2 1.6 Eligibility 2 3. Entry Guideline 1.7 Competition Schedule 3 1.8 Registration 4 3.1 Submission 22 1.9 Site Briefing 4 3.2 Entry Guide 23 1.10 Inquiry Reception and Feedback 4 3.3 List of Forms 25 1.11 Supplementary Resources 5 3.4 List of Reference ata 26 1.12 Submission 5 1.13 Anonymity 6 1.14 Host 6 4. Appendix 1.15 Competition Administration 6 4.1 The Han River Cooperation Plan Comprehensive Plan 38 1.16 Technical Evaluation Committee 6 (Preceding research) 1.17 Jury Committee 7 4.2 “Yeoui Culture Naru” Basic Plan 44 1.18 Selection of the Winner and (4 core projects) 9 4.3 User Population Status of the Runners-up 46 Site Area 1.19 Design Contract 10 4.4 Facilities Status of the Site 48 1.20 Copyrights and Publications 11 Area 4.5 Other Status and Statistical 1.21 Return of the Entries 11 50 Data related to the Han River 1.22 Conflicts and Disputes 11 Yeoui-Naru, a Bridgehead to the Han River One can frequently encounter the Han River when going back in history of this land. It was the lifeline of those who settled here, where water intake, shipping, and flooding were intertwined.
    [Show full text]
  • Best Experiences from Public Transport Reform
    2012 Modularization of Korea’s Development Experience: Best Experiences from Public Transport Reform 2013 2012 Modularization of Korea’s Development Experience: Best Experiences from Public Transport Reform 2012 Modularization of Korea’s Development Experience Best Experiences from Public Transport Reform Title Best Experiences from Public Transport Reform Supervised by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, Republic of Korea Prepared by The Korea Transport Institute Author Sangmin Lee, The Korea Transport Institute, Dept. of Comprehensive Transport Research, Chief Director Jungsil Lim, The Korea Transport Institute, Division for Mass Transit and Transport Administration, Research Fellow Advisory Jaelim Lee, Korea Public Transport Forum, Joint Representative (Transportation Industry Policy Research Institute, President) Research Management KDI School of Public Policy and Management Supported by Ministry of Strategy and Finance (MOSF), Republic of Korea Government Publications Registration Number 11-7003625-000064-01 ISBN 979-11-5545-070-3 94320 ISBN 979-11-5545-032-1 [SET 42] Copyright © 2013 by Ministry of Strategy and Finance, Republic of Korea Government Publications Registration Number 11-7003625-000064-01 Knowledge Sharing Program 2012 Modularization of Korea’s Development Experience Best Experiences from Public Transport Reform Preface The study of Korea’s economic and social transformation offers a unique opportunity to better understand the factors that drive development. Within one generation, Korea has transformed itself from a poor agrarian society to a modern industrial nation, a feat never seen before. What makes Korea’s experience so unique is that its rapid economic development was relatively broad-based, meaning that the fruits of Korea’s rapid growth were shared by many.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Traffic Forecast Systems
    Development of traffic forecast systems Youngho Kim • The Korea Transport Institute • Research fellow • [email protected] Contents 1. Research Background 2. Methodology • Long-term prediction • Short-term prediction • Combined prediction 3. Prediction Result 4. Case Study (Seoul city) 5. Conclusion 1 Motivation of the research Reliability & Predictability 2 Traffic Prediction New road constructionMain and titleextension to reduce the congestion are almost impossible due to lack of budget and difficulty of securing the lands for the roads Back grounds ⇒ To make the best use of the existing roads, the proactive traffic control strategy and traffic demand management necessary based on the traffic prediction information 3 Predicted traffic information (주요 교통관련 분야) Real time Information Optimal travel route during the trip (주요 교통관련 분야) Predicted Optimal travel route and departure Information time before the trip Optimal departure time choice + Optimal travel route choice Optimal travel route choice 4 State of the art (Data based approach) Germany- Bayerninfo England- Highway Agency France - Autoroutes USA- INRIX 5 State of the art (Model based approach) PTV - OPTIMA TSS - AIMSUN 6 State of the art (Model based approach) Autobahn.NRW 14:15 14:30 14:45 15:00 7 State of the art (Data based approach) Google map Traffic information 6:00AM Oct. 10. 2015 8 System development transferability Road type Available data set Model driven approach Data driven approach (Causality) (Correlation) Long-term Short-term (cf. Climate forecast) (cf. Weather forecast)
    [Show full text]
  • Hangang Sky Walkway Design Competition Guidelines 1
    Ⅰ. Competition Outlines Hangang Sky Walkway Design Competition Guidelines 백년다리 (한강대교 공중보행길) 조성 설계공모 지침서 2019. 05. 21. Re Design Competition Guidelines Hangang Sky Walkway 1 Ⅰ. Competition Outline Contents 1. Competition Title 04 2. Competition Type 04 3. Competition Site and Design Scope 04 4. Host 04 5. Competition Management 04 6. Language and Unit 04 7. Participation 05 8. Competition Schedule 05 Ⅲ. Design Competition 9. Site Briefing 06 Terms and Conditions 10. Materials for Submissions 06 11. Supplementary Resources 08 12. Jury 08 1. Joint Application and Eligibility 19 13. Evaluation Criteria 09 2. Registration 19 14. Selection of Prize Winner and Runners-up 10 3. Receipt of Questions and Replies 19 4. Preparation of Application Documents 19 4.1 Common Requirements 19 4.2 Design Board 20 Ⅱ. Design Guidelines 4.3 Design Description 20 4.4 USB 20 4.5 Methods to Enter PIN and Board Number 21 1. Design Guidelines 12 5. Submission of Application Documents 22 2. Scope and Structures of Design 12 5.1 Online Submission 22 3. Basic Design Guidelines 14 5.2 Submission by Post 22 3.1 Basic Direction 14 5.3 Offline Submission 22 3.2 Structure Plan 15 5.4 Nota Bene 23 3.3 Traffic Line Plan 16 6. Anonymity 23 3.4 Facility and Landscape Planning 16 7. Evaluation 23 3.5 Steel Erection Work and Construction 16 7.1 Operation of Technical Committee 23 3.6 Maintenance Plan 16 7.2 Technical Review 24 4. Estimated Cost of Construction 17 7.3 Operation of Evaluation Committee 24 7.4 Evalutaion Process 26 8.
    [Show full text]
  • An Estimation of the Applicable Long-Run Road Pricing Considered Capital Investment and the Degree of Congestions
    Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol.6, 2007 AN ESTIMATION OF THE APPLICABLE LONG-RUN ROAD PRICING CONSIDERED CAPITAL INVESTMENT AND THE DEGREE OF CONGESTIONS Kyungwoo KANG Dongyong CHOI Professor Master candidate Transportation Engineering Transportation Engineering University of Hanyang University of Hanyang Sa-1dong, Sangrok-gu, Ansan Sa-1dong, Sangrok-gu, Ansan 425-791 KOREA 425-791 KOREA Fax : +82-31-406-6290 Fax : +82-31-406-6290 E-mail : [email protected] E-mail : [email protected] Wookag KOOK Jongheun KIM Ph.D candidate Ph.D candidate Transportation Engineering Transportation Engineering University of Hanyang University of Hanyang Sa-1dong, Sangrok-gu, Ansan Sa-1dong, Sangrok-gu, Ansan 425-791 KOREA 425-791 KOREA Fax : +82-31-406-6290 Fax : +82-31-406-6290 E-mail : [email protected] E-mail : [email protected] Abstract: In this paper, we estimated changeable road pricing while considering the capital and congestion degree, that could be applicable in the long term (Gangbyeon Expressway). We investigated traffic volume and speed(unit per 15 minutes, 2005. Jan. 10 - 2005. Jan. 14.). Then we determined congestion areas as when the average pass speed of vehicle is under 30km/h on Expressway occurred over 3 times a day. The 13 sections were investigated out of the total of 43 sections. These sections are between Nanji I.C. and the northern end of Sungsoo Bridge. As a result, there were some differences among each section(13 sections, average length : 1.38km), but we were able to estimate the range of road pricing which is 900 ～2,300won, that is in accordance with the degree of congestion.
    [Show full text]
  • Resolution 20-7 Testimony
    Resolution 20-7 Testimony MISC. COM. 5 EMLA From: CLK Council Info Sent: Thursday, January 16, 2020 9:19 PM Subject: Executive Matters & Legal Affairs Speaker Registration/Testimony Attachments: 20200116211 S49ResolutionjC-7_Testimonydocx Speaker Registration/Testimony Name Jun Shin Phone 8082556663 Email junshinbusiness729@gmai].com Meeting Date 01-21-2020 ii Council/PH Committee ExecutiveMatters Agenda Item RESOLUTION 20-7 Your position on the matter Oppose Representing Self Organization Do you \sish to speak at the hearing? Yes \Vritten Testimony Testimony Attachment 20200116211 849 Resolution 20-7 Testimony.doex Accept Terms and Agreement 1 IP: 192.168200.67 COMMITTEE ON EXECUTIVE MATTERS & LEGAL AFFAIRS Honolulu City Council January 21, 2020, 1:00PM TESTIMONY IN STRONG OPPOSITION OF RESOLUTION 20-7 Relating to President Syngman Rhee Day Aloha Chair Menor, Vice Chair Fukunaga, Members of the Honolulu City Council Committee on Executive Matters & Legal Affairs My name is Jun Shin. I am testifying in my individual capacity as a resident of Council District 5. I am in strong opposition to Resolution 20-7, Relating to President Syngman Rhee Day, which would proclaim February 3, 2020 as President Syngman Rhee Day for the City and County of Honolulu. At the surface, President Rhee may appear to be an individual with roots to Hawai’i that we should officially acknowledge. Educated at Harvard and Princeton, a leader in the Korean community here in Hawai’i, a leader in the Korean Independence Movement, and first President of South Korea. However, this is not the case. Although pre-presidency Syngman Rhee needs to he scrutinized, Syngrnan Rhee was effectively a self-serving strongman with dictatorial tendencies during his presidency.
    [Show full text]
  • Seoul Solution for Urban Development Part3.Pdf
    03 Seoul Solution for Urban Development Waterworks Transportation Metro E-Government 2015 Table of Contents Seoul Solution for Urban Development 03 01. Waterworks 1. Water Management Policy of the City of Seoul 9 2. Tap Water Quality Inspection System by the Multiple Checks 35 3. Seoul’s Flood Control Policy 47 4. Tap Water Inspection: Multi-Check Quality System 69 02. Transportation 1. A Guide to Transportation Policy 83 2. Seoul’s Transportation Demand Management Policy 101 3. Transportation Demand anagement Program Based on the Causer-Pays Principle: the Congestion Impact Fee System in Seoul 117 4. The Freeway Traffic Management System (FTMS) 129 5. Shared Transport: Car Sharing in Seoul (Nanum-Car) 143 6. Removal of Overpasses in Seoul to Improve the Cityscape & Transportation Environment 157 7. Development Program for Yonsei-ro Transit Mall 167 8. Weekly No-Driving Day: A Voluntary Program to Reduce Traffic Volume in Seoul 181 03. Metro 1. Construction of the Seoul Metro – the Driver behind Sustainable Urban Growth & Change 193 2. Introduction of Rapid Urban Railway System - Construction of Subway Line 9 205 3. Seoul's Subway Project for Sustainable Safety 219 4. Seoul's Light-Rail Projects Driven by Private Investment for Poorly-Serviced Areas 229 04. E-Government 1. Process & Achievements: Seoul’s e-Government 241 01 Waterworks 1. Water Management Policy of the City of Seoul Writer : Waterworks Research Institute Dr. Young-Jun Choi Policy Area: Waterworks Water Management 9 Water Management Environment & a Changing Paradigm The concept of water management has existed since prehistoric times. When states were formed, water man- agement became one of the most important pillars of government power.
    [Show full text]
  • 3. Development of Gangnam
    3. Development of Gangnam Writer : University of Seoul Prof. Myung-Gu Kang Policy Area: Urban Planning 37 Background Need for New, Large Built-up Areas due to the Rapid Expansion of Seoul Seoul’s population has grown at a phenomenal rate. It was a million in 1953, and skyrocketed to 2.45 million by 1960, up 1.5 million in less than a decade. There was no planning for such explosive growth, and urbaniza- tion quickly deteriorated quality of life and generated slum areas across the city. Disorganized urban sprawl characterized the city as it encroached on the mountains, rivers, green belts, national land, and even roads. The shortage of adequate housing and deterioration of existing housing were serious issues: there was 1 housing unit per 2 households and at least a third of all dwellings were shoddy clapboard houses. Officially, the water service rate was 56%, but it was supplied only once an hour. The road ratio was only 8%, and it took 2 hours to commute across the city, which was only 16 km east to west and 268 ㎢ in area. Sewage was released into the river system without treatment, causing sanitation problems. There were not enough schools; tents were set up as temporary classrooms. Classes ran morning and afternoon, but there were not enough to accommodate everyone. Most citizens roamed the streets, unable to find work. Crime was rampant. To accommodate the growing population, the city government planned to increase the density of the exist- ing built-up areas (e.g., Seun Arcade) and systematically develop the adjacent areas (e.g., land readjustment programs in Seogyo, Dongdaemun, Myeonmok, Suyu, etc.).
    [Show full text]
  • Stylebook.Pdf
    Introduction This stylebook is an updated and expanded version of Yonhap Stylebook published in 2008. Its chief purpose is to provide our writers with clear rules regarding the usage of key terms and phrases, and to establish consis- tency for the sake of higher quality coverage. We acknowledge with thanks the many contributions to the update of the stylebook from our writers and copyreaders. Many of the entries in this stylebook include Korean words and phrases that frequently appear in Yonhap's copy. This should help resolve some of the persistent technical questions our writers encounter, and thus enable them to give readers a better grasp of our content. Spelling rules have been determined by referencing the stylebooks of other major news agencies and Webster's New World Dictionary. Any ex- ceptions outlined here, however, supersede the rules of other guides. This handbook has been published electronically as well as in print. The electronic version contains the latest updates on style and word usage, and should be used to keep our writing contemporary and fresh. Foreign Language News Service Yonhap News Agency May 2013 003 Contents Our Mission 005 Our Mission 164 List of chronologies 006 The Role of Journalists 164 •• Chronology of major political events in S. Korea in the last two 007 Basic Guidelines decades 010 Word Usage, Words in the News 166 •• Chronology of major events re- 110 Filing Procedures lated to N. Korean nuke, missile Yonhap News Agency plays a central role in the Korean press by deliver- issue 119 Sports Guidelines ing news and information to its customers in various parts of the world, as 170 •• Chronology of major events re- lated to inter-Korean relations well as to newspapers, broadcasting firms, government agencies, business 126 APPENDIX 174 •• Chronology of major events re- organizations and Internet portals on a real-time basis.
    [Show full text]