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Methods for Estimating Tributary Streamflow in the Chattahoochee River Basin Between Buford Dam and Franklin, Georgia

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Methods for Estimating Tributary Streamflow in the Chattahoochee River Basin Between Buford Dam and Franklin, Georgia U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey METHODS FOR ESTIMATING TRIBUTARY STREAMFLOW IN THE CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER BASIN BETWEEN BUFORD DAM AND FRANKLIN, GEORGIA Open-File Report 98-63 Prepared in cooperation with the Georgia Department Of Natural Resources Environmental Protection Division METHODS FOR ESTIMATING TRIBUTARY STREAMFLOW IN THE CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER BASIN BETWEEN BUFORD DAM AND FRANKLIN, GEORGIA By Timothy C. Stamey _____________________________________________________________ U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open-File Report 98-63 Prepared in cooperation with the GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION Atlanta, Georgia 1998 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas J. Casadevall, Acting Director For addtional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Information Services 3039 Amwiler Road Denver Federal Center Peachtree Business Center, Suite 130 Box 25286 Atlanta, GA 30360-2824 Denver, CO 80225-0286 CONTENTS Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Purpose and scope 2 Description of Chattahoochee River basin study area 6 Methods of analyses for estimating tributary streamflow 6 Regression analysis 6 Drainage-area ratio analysis 6 Basin-adjustment factor analysis 7 Data-processing application 7 Accuracy of methods 7 Comparisons of observed and estimated tributary streamflow data 8 Summary 15 Selected references 15 Appendix A—Examples of data-analysis procedures 16 iii ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1. Map showing study area and locations of continuous-record and partial-record streamflow stations 2 Figures 2-13. Hydrographs showing comparison of observed and estimated daily tributary streamflow data for: 2. Richland Creek near Buford, Georgia 9 3. John Creek near Warsaw, Georgia 9 4. Rottenwood Creek near Atlanta, Georgia 10 5. Nancy Creek at West Wesley Road at Atlanta, Georgia 10 6. Proctor Creek near Atlanta, Georgia 11 7. Nickajack Creek near Mableton, Georgia 11 8. Utoy Creek near Atlanta, Georgia 12 9. Deep Creek near Tell, Georgia 12 10. Bear Creek near Rico, Georgia 13 11. Whooping Creek near Whitesburg, Georgia 13 12. Plant Wansley Outfall near Glenloch, Georgia 14 13. Centralhatchee Creek near Franklin, Georgia 14 iv TABLES Table 1. Drainage-area data for tributary watersheds, in downstream order 3 2. Period of available data for continuous-record tributary streamflow stations in the study area 4 3. Tributary watershed analysis data used for May 1, 1995 to October 31, 1995 5 4. Comparison of selected characteristics of observed and estimated daily streamflow for continuous- record tributary stations for the period May 1, 1995 to October 31, 1995 8 A1. Concurrent streamflow data collected at Snake Creek—site 34, and Anneewakee Creek—site 25, near Whitesburg, Georgia, used in least-squares regression procedure 17 A2. Summary of streamflow-measurement data used in the least-squares regression analyses 18 VERTICAL DATUM Sea level: In this report, “sea level” refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD of 1929)—a geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of both the United States and Canada, formerly call Sea Level Datum of 1929. Altitude: as used in this report, refers to distance above or below sea level. METHODS FOR ESTIMATING TRIBUTARY STREAMFLOW IN THE CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER BASIN BETWEEN BUFORD DAM AND FRANKLIN, GEORGIA by Timothy C. Stamey ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Simple and reliable methods for estimating hourly Because of widespread and rapid development in streamflow are needed for the calibration and the Chattahoochee River basin between Buford Dam, verification of a Chattahoochee River basin model and Franklin, Ga., a better understanding of the between Buford Dam and Franklin, Ga. The river basin hydrologic characteristics of the tributary streamflow is model is being developed by Georgia Department of required to effectively manage the basin’s water Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division, resources. Historically, water-resource management as part of their Chattahoochee River Modeling Project. decisions were made considering only hot or dry Concurrent streamflow data collected at 19 continuous- weather conditions. However, as a result of increased record, and 31 partial-record streamflow stations, were growth and development, wet-weather conditions and used in ordinary least-squares linear regression analyses stormwater runoff also need to be considered to ensure to define estimating equations, and in verifying adequate water supplies, water control, and water- drainage-area prorations. The resulting regression or quality allocations within the river basin. These drainage-area ratio estimating equations were used to management decisions are dependent on the use of a compute hourly streamflow at the partial-record river basin model being developed by the Georgia stations. The coefficients of determination (r-squared Department of Natural Resources, Environmental values) for the regression estimating equations ranged Protection Division (EPD), which requires reliable from 0.90 to 0.99. hourly streamflow data. Observed and estimated hourly and daily This report is the result of a cooperative project streamflow data were computed for May 1, 1995, between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the through October 31, 1995. Comparisons of observed EPD. All streamflow data used in this study were and estimated daily streamflow data for 12 continuous- collected by the USGS and EPD. record tributary stations, that had available streamflow data for all or part of the period from May 1, 1995, to October 31, 1995, indicate that the mean error of estimate for the daily streamflow was about 25 percent. 1 Purpose and Scope established streamflow stations were located on This report describes: tributaries having drainage areas greater than 3 square miles (mi2). Streamflow measurements are used in • the hydrologic conditions in the ordinary least-squares linear regression analyses to Chattahoochee River basin from Buford define estimating equations and to verify the use of Dam downstream to Franklin, Ga.; basin-adjustment factors for the 47 selected tributaries • the methods used to develop equations for in the study area. These estimating equations were estimating hourly and computing daily developed and used to compute hourly and daily streamflow at 47 Chattahoochee River streamflow for the partial-record tributaries for the tributaries; and period May 1, 1995, through October 31, 1995. The • the method used to transfer the observed streamflow-estimating equations are based on analyses and estimated streamflow from each gaged of concurrent streamflow measurements or drainage- location to the mouth of each tributary. area ratios at 18 continuous-recording streamflow stations (data from one continuous-recording Between April 1994 and December 1995, 13 streamflow station were not available during continuous-recording and 31 partial-record streamflow May 1-October 31, 1995) and 32 partial-record stations were established in the study area between streamflow stations (fig. 1, tables 1, 2). Buford Dam and Franklin, Ga. (fig. 1). The newly Buford Dam 1 84° Chattahoochee River basin 2 Study GEORGIA 3 area 4 11 5 84°30' 6 ° 34 12 8 7 10 9 13 14 ATLANTA 16 15 r e iv 17A R 19 18 17 22 ee ch 20 o o h a 21 tt a h 25 C 23 EXPLANATION ° 24 85 28 26 Station and site number 27 30 21 Continuous-record streamflow 29 31 23 Partial-record streamflow 34 32 33°30' 33 35 40 39 35A 36 41 38 41A 37 0 5 10 MILES 42 43 45 0 5 10 KILOMETERS 47 44 46 Franklin Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital files Figure 1. Study area and locations of continuous-record and partial-record streamflow stations. 2 Table 1. Drainage-area data for tributary watersheds, in downstream order [NA, not applicable; NF, no flow in stream due to diversion; mi2, square miles] Drainage area at Site Drainage area data-collection number Watershed name at mouth location (fig. 1) (mi2) (mi2) 1 Haw Creek 1.7 3.8 2 Richland Creek 8.8 10.6 3 James Creek 15.1 15.2 4 Level Creek 8.2 9.1 5 Dick Creek 7.1 8.8 6 Suwanee Creek 46.8 51.2 7 Johns Creek 11.6 13.1 8 Unnamed Creek 2.4 3.7 9 Crooked Creek 8.5 9.2 10 Ball Mill Creek 3.2 3.5 11 Big Creek 75.6 103 12 Willeo Creek 16.1 19.8 13 March Creek 4.8 5.3 14 Sope Creek 32.3 35.4 15 Long Island Creek 6.2 6.4 16 Rottenwood Creek 19.5 19.6 17 Peachtree Creek 86.8 131 17A Nancy Creek (sub-watershed to Peachtree Creek) 37.0 38.0 18 Proctor Creek 15.9 16.4 19 Nickajack Creek 31.7 36.7 20 Sandy Creek 4.2 5.1 21 Utoy Creek 33.9 34.2 22 Sweetwater Creek 246 264 23 Camp Creek 45.1 46.8 24 Deep Creek 29.2 29.9 25 Anneewakee Creek 28.1 29.9 26 Tuggle Creek 3.1 3.2 27 Pea Creek 13.5 14.5 28 Bear Creek (Douglas County) 17.0 17.3 29 Bear Creek (Fulton County) 26.3 29.0 30 Dog River 78.4 78.5 31 Hurricane Creek 5.6 10.1 32 Wolf Creek 16.7 16.8 33 White Oak Creek 16.1 16.6 34 Snake Creek 35.5 49.2 35 Cedar Creek 43.2 5 1 . 8 35A Panther Creek (sub-watershed to Cedar Creek) 4.4 4.7 36 Wahoo Creek 33.3 34.6 37 Thomas Creek 8.0 8.9 38 Moore Creek 3.4 3.5 39 Acorn Creek 10.8 11.2 40 Whooping Creek 27.1 31.4 41 Yellowdirt Creek NF NF 41A Plant Wansley outfall NA NA 42 Pink Creek 9.3 10.2 43 Hilly Mill Creek 11.0 12.4 44 Red Bone Creek 2.0 3.0 45 Nutt Creek 5.0 5.1 46 Harris Creek 6.1 7.4 47 Centralhatchee Creek 56.8 58.8 3 Table 2.
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