M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad.
CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Preamble
M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP is proposing to establish a greenfield project to manufacture different types of Resins at Survey No.: 782, Village : Jakhwada, Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad, Gujarat. A detail of proposed product is as given below:
Table 1.1: Details of Proposed Product Production Capacity Sr. No. Name of Product (MT/Month)
1. Alkyd Resin 2000
2. Polyamide Resin 1500
3. Polyester Resin 2000
4. Acrylic Resin 2500
5. Rosin Ester 500
6. Epoxy Resin 1500
7. Phenol Formaldehyde Resin 25
8. Melamine Formaldehyde Resin 25
9. Urea Formaldehyde Resin 25
10. Ketonic Resin 5
Total 10080
Note: Please note that above stated Resins will be used for sale purpose.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP has a total land area of 16,532 m2. Out of the stated land area approximately 5,546 m2 is green belt area (approx. 33.55 % of the total land area). Land documents such as Dastavej copy is attached as Annexure – 2 A. The unit has already applied for Non Agricultural (NA) permission and the same is attached as Annexure – 2 B.
The total estimated cost of the proposed project is Rs. 9.50 Crores. Total budget allocation towards Environmental Management Facilities will be approx. Rs. 82 Lakhs.
1.2 Purpose of the EIA Report
The proposed product Resin, being synthetic organic chemicals falls under Category 5(f) as stated in Environment Impact Assessment Notification Published on 14th September, 2006. Further, the location of proposed project is outside the notified industrial estate and fall in Small Scale Industrial Unit criteria as per the Notification dated 25th June 2014. Undertaking stating that unit will comply all these three conditions is attached as Annexure - 5. Hence, project proponent has to obtain the Environmental Clearance from the State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA), Gujarat. As per the requirements of the notification, an application was submitted to on 9th August 2018 along with Form-1, Pre-Feasibility Report and draft Terms of Reference (TOR). The SEIAA has issued the TOR wide letter no. SEIAA/GUJ/TOR/5(f)/1389/2018 dated 31st December 2018 (refer Annexure – 1). Based on the TOR letter issued by the SEIAA, an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report has been prepared covering all aspects of the TOR.
The purpose of the preparation of Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) report is not only to obtain Environment Clearance from State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA), Gujarat, but also to understand the likely impacts and to take Environment Protection/Management measures during and after commissioning of the project.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad.
1.3 Promoters and their Background Table 1.2: Promoters and their Background Sr. Educational Name of Directors Contact No. Address Experience No. Qualification ȀͻͲ͵ǡǡǤ 1 Ǥ ͻͺͻͺͲ͵ʹ͵ͺ ǤǤȋȌ ǡǡǤ ͳͷ
ͷȀǡǡǤ Ǥ 2 ͻͺͻͺͲ͵ͲͻͲ ǡǡ ͳͷ
ȀͲ͵ǡǡ 3 ͻͶʹͲͲʹͺʹ ǤǤ ǡ ͳͷ
ͷǡ ǡǤǤǤǡ 4 ͻͺʹͷʹʹʹ͵Ͳʹ ǤǤ ǡ Ǥ Ƭ ͳͷ
ȀͲʹǡǡǤ 5 ͻͺͻͺ͵ʹ͵ͺ ǤǤ ǡǡǤ ͳͷ ȀͶͲͷǡ ǡǤ 6 ͻʹͶͳͳͲͳ Ǥ ǤȋȌ ǡǦǡ ͳͲ ǡǤ ȀͲʹǦͲ͵ǡ ǤǦͳǡǤ Ƭ 7 ͻͺʹͶʹͺͶͺͻ͵ ǤǤ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ʹͲͳͳ ʹǡ ǡ 8 ΪͳǦͷͶͲǦͷʹͲͻͲͷͺ ǤǤ ǡǤ
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad.
1.4 Need of the Project and its Importance to the Country
Resins are predominantly used in the wood based product manufacturing industry as adhesives. Growth of the resin market is strongly correlated to construction/ remodeling activity (which accounts for over 50% of consumption), and to a lesser degree, to the automotive industry.
The proposed products like different types of Resins mainly used to manufacture Laminated Sheets, paints, thickener, roofs etc. Different uses of different types of resins are shown below :
Sr. Name of CAS NO. End Use No. Product
Paints, Pigment paste, Ink, 1 Alkyd Resin 68333620 Varnish, etc. Polyamide 2 63428842 Ink, Pigment paste, etc. Resin Lamination sheet, Mold, roof, 3 Polyester Resin Not available general purpose, etc.
4 Acrylic Resin 028262-63-7 Paints, Emulsion, Thickener, etc.
5 Rosin Ester 8050315 Paints, varnish, Ink, etc.
Lamination sheet, Varnish, 6 Epoxy Resin 25068386 Pigment paste, etc. Phenol 7 Formaldehyde 9003354 Lamination sheet, roof, mold, etc. Resin Melamine Lamination sheet, roof, paints, 8 Formaldehyde 9003081 varnish, etc. Resin Urea Lamination sheet, roof, paints, 9 Formaldehyde 27967299 varnish, etc. Resin
10 Ketonic Resin 25054062 Lamination adhesive, etc.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad.
Good quality raw materials are available at cheap rates in India, enabling the manufacturing at low cost. This increases the profit margin as compared to other players in the world. To meet the current and future market demand, the project proponent intends to start a new unit.
The proposed project will contribute revenue to the Central & State exchequer in the form of applicable taxes. Indirect contribution to the Central & State exchequer will be there due to Income by way of registration of trucks, payment of road tax, income tax from individual as well as taxes from associated units. Thus, the proposed project will help the Government by paying different taxes from time to time, which is a part of revenue and thus, will help in development of economy as well as local physical infrastructure for further boosting of industrial development with sustainable approach as the industries need to maintain good environment & safety condition to get better market place.
1.5 Location of the Proposed Project and Siting Criteria
The proposed project is to be located at Survey No.: 782, Village: Jakhwada, Taluka: Viramgam, District: Ahmedabad, Gujarat. It is situated at Latitude: 23° 4' 13.09" N and Longitude: 72° 8' 44.72"E. Nearest major city is Viramgam which is about 9.50 km far from the project site in WNW direction. National Highway 947/ State Highway SH - 17 is approx. 1.32 km away from the project site in North direction.
Co-ordinates of all corners of the site
Point Latitude Longitude A 23.070817° N 72.146333° E B 23.070769° N 72.144996° E C 23.069688° N 72.145182° E D 23.069960° N 72.146578° E
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
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Figure: 1.1 Location of the Project Site
1
Source : Google Earth
Figure: 1.2 A Photograph of the Project site with surrounding area
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad.
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Figure: 1.2 B Photograph of the Project site
The proposed site has been selected due to its proximity to availability of raw materials, consumer centers and infrastructure facilities like power, water, communication etc. The siting criteria described in Section 4.2.4 of Technical EIA Guidance Manual (TGM) for Synthetic Organic Chemical Industry has been considered and the same are given in the following table.
While siting industries, care is taken to minimize the adverse impact of the industries on immediate neighborhood as well as distant places. Some of the natural life sustaining systems and some specific land uses are sensitive to
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
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industrial impacts because of the natural and extent of fragility. With a view to protect such sites, the industries may maintain the following distances, as far as possible, from the specific area listed below, also there is general siting factor including as follows;
Table 1.3: General Siting Criteria
Details Requirement Compliance No forest land shall be No forest land is involved in converted into non-forest the proposed project site Forest activity for the sustenance of the industry. No prime agricultural land NA permission application shall be converted into is submitted to respective Agricultural industrial site. authority for this project. Land NA permission application is attached as Annexure–2B. Enough space should be The total acquired land is provided for storage area, 16,532 m2. Enough space plant area, greenbelt area, will be provided according Utilities, Raw material to the requirement. This can Layout storage, Fly ash, other storage be verified from the Lay-out like solid wastes so that these given in the Chapter-2. could be available for possible reuse.
At the time of siting of the Nearest major habitation is industry, if the notified limit Ahmedabad which is about of any major settlement is 30.35 km far from the Major settlements found to be within 50 km project site in ESE direction. (3,00,000 from the project boundary, population): the spatial direction of growth of the settlement for at least a decade must be assessed.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad.
Details Requirement Compliance Preferably 5 km depending on Ecologically the geo-climatic conditions No ecologically sensitive and/or otherwise the requisite distance may be area falls within 5 km radius Sensitive areas decided appropriately by the distance. Environmental agency. National Highway 947/ Preferably ½ km. away from Transport / State Highway 17 are highway and railway line. Communication approx. 1.32 km away from system the project site in North direction. Preferably ½ km away from None within 10 km radius Coastal areas high tide line (HTL) of the project site. Preferably ½ km away from None within 10 km radius flood plain or modified flood of the project site. Flood plain of the plain affected by dam in river line system upstream or flood control system.
1.6 Scope of EIA Study
The EIA study includes determination of baseline conditions, assessment of the Impacts on the environment due to the construction and operation of the project and making recommendations on the preventive measures to be taken, to minimize the impact on the environment to acceptable levels. A suitable post-study monitoring program will be outlined. Environment Management Plan will be given based on the emissions and feasibility report. As per the guidelines, the generic structure of EIA is given in EIA notification dated 14th September, 2006 is maintained. The scope of study based on ToR/ MoEFCC / CPCB guidelines is tabulated below;
Table 1.4: Scope of the Study
Environmental No. of Explanations Aspects Locations Meteorology 1 One season site specific meteorological status of the study was carried out for prediction of
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Environmental No. of Explanations Aspects Locations ground level concentration in downwind direction. Ambient Air 8 The prevailing ambient air quality status was Quality established through a network of stations monitored during the period of October - 2018 to December - 2018. The ambient air quality monitoring as per the parameters prescribed in TOR was carried out within the study area of 10 km. Prediction of impacts on air quality due to proposed operations were carried out through application of air quality models. Water Surface The water quality data as per CPCB Water (8) guidelines were analyzed to established & baseline water quality of study area of 10 km. Ground The wastewater generation, its Water (8) characterization and management were carried out which was used in assessing the impact of the project on water environment. Noise 8 Noise level measurements were carried out around the project site, data were also analyzed for establishing baseline status of noise and it was used in assessing the impact of the project on noise & vibration environment. Soil 8 Soil samples were collected and have been analyzed to understand nutrient status as well as assessing the impact of the project on soil environment. Ecology -- Flora and fauna species was listed based on the available secondary information. Field based primary data collection for biodiversity related data was carried out within 10 km radius around the proposed project.
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Environmental No. of Explanations Aspects Locations Geology & -- Geological and geo-hydrological Geo-hydrology investigation work has been carried out in and around the study area to know the status of the study area. Risk and -- Risk assessment study has been carried out to Hazard evaluate risk, assess its impact associated to Analysis the proposed project activity and plan the appropriate action to control risk by the most economical means. Socio-economic - Existing baseline status of the socio-economic data profile of the study area with reference to demographic structure, provision of basic amenities, health status incorporating economic pattern in the nearby rural areas (10 km radius) were undertaken, it was used in assessing the impact of the project on socio- economic environment.
1.7 Regulatory Frame Work
The proposed project will abide and function under the purview of the following Rules, Acts & Regulations which are formulated by the government to protect environment and maintain good environmental conditions.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
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Table 1.5: Regulatory Frame Work
Sr. Legal Instrument Concern Authority or Bodies Applicability No. (Type, Ref., Year)
1 Air (Prevention and CPCB and SPCB/UTPCC Air emission from Control of Pollution) stack attached to TFH Act, 1981 and its & D.G. Set subsequent
amendments
2 Water (Prevention and CPCB and SPCB/UTPCC Wastewater generation Control of Pollution) from industrial Act, 1974 and its activities as well as subsequent from domestic amendments activities.
3 Water (Prevention and CPCB and SPCB/UTPCC Wastewater generation Control of Pollution) from industrial Rules, 1975 and its activities as well as subsequent from domestic amendments activities.
4 The Environment Ministry of Environment and Production of (Protection) Act, 1986 & Forests, & Climate Change Synthetic Organic Environmental (MoEF&CC), CPCB and Chemicals (Different (Protection) Rules, 1986 SPCB/UTPCC. types of Resins)
and their subsequent amendments
5 Hazardous and Other MoEF&CC, CPCB, SPCB/UTPCC, Generation of Solid & Wastes (Management DGFT, Port Authority and Hazardous Wastes and Transboundary Customs Authority from industrial Movement) Rules, 2016 activities.
6 Manufacture Storage MoEFCC, Chief Controller of Storage of hazardous and Import of Imports and Exports, CPCB, chemicals within the Hazardous Chemicals SPCB/UTPCC, Chief Inspector of plant premises. Rules, 1989 amended Factories, Chief Inspector of Dock
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Sr. Legal Instrument Concern Authority or Bodies Applicability No. (Type, Ref., Year) 2000 Safety, Chief Inspector of Mines, AERB, Chief Controller of Explosives, District Collector or District Emergency Authority, CEES under DRDO
7 Chemical Accidents Ministry of Environment & Storage of hazardous (Emergency Planning, Forests &Climate Change, Chief chemicals within the Preparedness and Controller of Imports and plant premises. Response) Rules, 1996 Exports, CPCB, SPCB/UTPCC, Chief Inspector of Factories, Chief Inspector of Dock Safety, Chief Inspector of Mines, AERB, Chief Controller of Explosives, District Collector or District Emergency Authority, CEES under DRDO.
8 EIA Notification, 2006 MoEF&CC, SPCB/UTPCC Production of and its subsequent Synthetic Organic amendments Chemicals
9 Public Liability MoEF&CC, District Collector Industrial units Insurance Act, 1991 manufacturing amended 1992 & Public chemical products and Liability Insurance requirement of 70 Rules, 1991 and its workers subsequent amendments
10 The Factories Act, 1948 Ministry of Labour, DGFASLI Industrial units and Directorate of Industrial manufacturing Safety and Health/Factories chemical products and Inspectorate requirement of 70 workers
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Sr. Legal Instrument Concern Authority or Bodies Applicability No. (Type, Ref., Year)
11 The Explosive Act ,1884 Ministry of Commerce and Storage of explosive Industry (Department of materials Explosives)
12 Noise Pollution CPCB and SPCB/UTPCC Noise may be (Regulation and generated due to Control) Rules, 2000 industrial activities and its amendments
M/s. T. R. Associates (NABET Accredited EIA Consultant) was appointed by M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP to carry out the Environmental Impact Assessment study for their proposed project of manufacturing of different types of Resin.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. CHAPTER – 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Introduction
M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP is proposing to manufacture different types of Resin at Survey No.: 782, Village: Jakhwada, Taluka: Viramgam, District: Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Manufacturing of Resin is covered under Category 5(f) ‘B’ as per the EIA Notification 2006 and its subsequent amendments.
2.2 Project Location
The proposed site is located at Survey No.: 782, Village: Jakhwada, Taluka: Viramgam, District: Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Co-ordinates of the proposed project site are: Latitude: 23° 4' 13.09"N and Longitude: 72° 8' 44.72"E.
The index map is given in Figure 2.1.
Google map showing surrounding area in 0.5 km radius, 1 km radius, 5 km radius and 10 km radius from the project site are given as Figure 2.2.
Topo sheet showing surrounding area in 10 km radius from project site is given as Figure 2.3.
Site History
The selected site for the proposed project was earlier an agricultural field. Different types of agriculture crops such as Bajri, Wheat, Vegetables and Groundnut etc. were grown before the Non Agriculture (NA) permission obtained by the project proponent. Land possession document is attached as Annexure – 2 A and NA Application is attached as Annexure – 2 B.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Figure 2.1: Index Map
India Map Gujarat State Map
Google Image showing Project Site Ahmedabad District Map
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Figure 2.2: Google Image showing surrounding 0.5, 1, 5 & 10 km radius area from the project site
1
White circle – 0.5 km radius
1
Blue circle – 1 km, Red circle – 5 km, White circle – 10 km
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Figure 2.3: Topo sheet showing surrounding 10 km radius area from the project site
1
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. 2.2.1 Justification of Site Selection
The unit is to be located at Jakhwada Village in Viramgam Taluka & Ahmedabad District and site selection was guided by many factors like infrastructure, availability of land, water sources, fuel, transportation, power availability etc. Specific site selection criteria for the proposed project are given below;
x The project site is highly developed with all basic infrastructure facilities such as proximity to man power, electricity, water supply, transportation, telecommunication systems etc. x Proposed project site is approximately 1.32 km away from National Highway No. 947 / State highway No. 17 which is well connected to other state highways as well as national highway. Transport facilities for all over India are sound at project site. x The project site is intended for the industrial purpose and thus no displacement of population will take place. x There is no protected area notified under the Wild Life (Protection) Act (1972) & Eco-sensitive area notified under the Environment (Protection) Act- 1986 exists within 10 km radius areas from the project site. x Availability of requisite skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled labour from local area.
2.2.2 Salient Features of the Proposed Project Site
Salient features in the surroundings area of the proposed site as well as infrastructure availability with approximate aerial distance and direction are as given below:
Table 2.1: Salient Features of the Proposed Project Site Sr. Important Features Description No. 1 Location Survey No.: 782, Village: Jakhwada, Taluka: Viramgam, District: Ahmedabad, Gujarat. 2 Project Site Co-ordinates Latitude: 23° 4' 13.09" N
Longitude: 72° 8' 44.72" E
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Sr. Important Features Description No. 3 Temperature Range ʹͲͶͳǤͺͲ
4 Mean Sea Level 30 m
5 Annual Rain Fall 736 mm (Dependable)
6 Nearest Railway Station Ȃ ͳͳǤͶͳ 7 Nearest Airport ȂͶͺǤͷ
8 Nearest City Ahmedabad – 30.35 km in ESE direction
9 Nearest Village Jakhwada – 1.54 km in NW direction
10 Nearest National Highway NH 947 – 1.32 km in North direction
11 Nearest State Highway SH 17 – 1.32 km in North direction
12 Nearest School Shiyal Village Primary School – 1.57 km in
South direction
13 Nearest River/ Water Jakhwada Village Pond – 1.56 km in NNW
Body/ Canal direction
Narmada Canal – 6.0 km in West direction
14 Nearest Notified National ͳͲǤ Parks/ Sanctuary/ Eco ǡ Ȃ ʹͲǤͺ͵ Sensitive Zone ȂʹǤʹ
2.3 Details of Project Land & Plant Lay-Out
Total available land area of premises is 16,532 m2, out of which 5,546 m2 (33.55%) area will be developed for greenbelt. Detailed break-up of land area is given in Table 2.2 and Plant Lay-out is shown in Figure 2.4.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Table 2.2: Area Break-up of Project Site
Sr. No. Particular Area (m2) % of Total Land 1 Built-up area 6,017 36.40 %
2 Greenbelt area 5,546 33.55 % 3 Open/ Road area 4,969 30.05 %
Total 16,532 100 %
2.4 Capital Cost of the Proposed Project
Proposed manufacturing unit is a Medium Scale Unit having total investment of about Rs. 9.50 Crores. The break-up of the total capital cost is given in Table 2.3.
Table 2.3: Break-up of Capital Cost for Proposed Project
Sr. No. Particular Cost (INR in Crores)
1 Land & site development 0.74
2 Site development & Factory Building 3.0
3 Plant & Machineries 4.2
4 Environmental protection measures 0.82
5 Miscellaneous 0.74
Total 9.5
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Figure 2.4: Plant Lay-out
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
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2.5 Details of Product and Raw Material Consumption
Details of proposed products are given below in Table 2.4.
Table 2.4: Details of Product
Sr. Name of the Product Production Capacity No. (MT/Month) Alkyd Resin 1 2000
Polyamide Resin 2 1500
Polyester Resin 3 2000
Acrylic Resin 4 2500
Rosin Ester 5 500
Epoxy Resin 6 1500
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin 7 25
Melamine Formaldehyde Resin 8 25
Urea Formaldehyde Resin 9 25 Ketonic Resin 10 5
Total 10080 (MT/Month)
For manufacturing of proposed products various raw materials will be required which are listed along with its consumption quantity in below given Table 2.5
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Table 2.5: Details of Raw Material Consumption
Name of the Name of Raw Quantity Sr. CAS No. No. Product Material (MT/Month) Vegetable Fatty ͺͲͲͳʹͷͲ 572.00 Acid Phthalic Anhydride* ͺͷͶͶͻ 726.00 1 Alkyd Resin Glycerine ͷͺͳͷ 276.80 Toluene/Xylene* ͳ͵͵ͲʹͲȀ 500.00 ͳͲͺͺͺ͵ Di Acid ͺͲͲͳʹͷͲ 902.40 Vegetable Fatty ͺͷͶͶͻ 150.40 2 Polyamide Resin Acid Ethylene Diamine ͷͺͳͷ 541.50 Phthalic Anhydride* ͺͷͶͶͻ 500.00 Mono Acid* ǦǦ 200.00 Butyl Glycol ͳͳͳʹʹ 700.00 3 Polyester Resin Glycerine ͷͺͳͷ 600.00 Styrene* ͳͲͲͶʹͷ 100.00
ͺͲʹ 750.00 Methacrylate * ͻ͵͵͵ 950.00 4 Acrylic Resin Acrylates ͳͲͲͶʹͷ 800.00 Styrene* Rosin ͺͲͷͲͲͻ 438.50 ͷͺͳͷ 109.20 5 Rosin Ester Glycerine Phthalic Anhydride* ͺͷͶͶͻ 0.42
ʹͷͲͺ͵ͺ 846.00 Epoxy Resin ͺͲͲͷ 283.80 6 Epoxy Resin Bis Phenol A* ͳ͵͵ͲʹͲȀ 374.12 Xylene/Toluene*
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
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Name of the Name of Raw Quantity Sr. CAS No. No. Product Material (MT/Month) ͳͲͺͺͺ͵
Phenol Phenol * ͳͲͺͻͷʹ 13.92 Formaldehyde Formaldehyde ͷͲͲͲͲ 16.17 7 Resin (37%)* Caustic Soda* ͳ͵ͳͲ͵ʹ 0.15 Melamine Melamine ͳͲͺͺͳ 10.80 Formaldehyde Formaldehyde ͷͲͲͲͲ 16.08 8 Resin (37%)* Caustic Soda* ͳ͵ͳͲ͵ʹ 0.12 Urea Urea ͷͳ͵ 10.56 Formaldehyde Formaldehyde ͷͲͲͲͲ 15.58 Resin 9 (37%)* Caustic Soda* ͳ͵ͳͲ͵ʹ 0.13 Acetic Acid* Ͷͳͻ 0.13 Ketonic Resin Cyclo hexanone* ͳͲͺͻͶͳ 2.80 Formaldehyde 10 ͷͲͲͲͲ 5.60 (37%)*
Note: * The stated chemicals are considered as Hazardous Chemicals as per the Manufacture, Storage & Import of Hazardous Chemicals (MSIHC) Rules, 2000.
2.6 Manufacturing Process
Manufacturing process of all different types of Resin including chemical reaction, mass balance and process flow diagram is described here below:
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. 1. ALKYD RESIN
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Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. 2. POLYAMIDE RESIN
3. POLYESTER RESIN
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Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. 4. ACRYLIC RESIN
5. ROSIN ESTER
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6. EPOXY RESIN
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7. MELAMINE FORMALDEHYDE RESIN
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9. UREA FORMALDEHYDE RESIN
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. 10. KETONIC RESIN
Detailed manufacturing process with chemical reaction and mass balance is attached as separate Annexure – 4.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. 2.7 Storage details of Raw Materials and Products
Mostly all raw materials are available in local market so, they will be purchased from local market. The convenient transportation medium will be used for the transportation of raw materials. Storage detail of products and raw materials are given in Table 2.6 and 2.7 respectively.
Table 2.6 : Storage Details of Proposed Products
Sr. Product name Capacity Capacity MOC of storage Nos. of storage Capacity (MT) Total Capacity No. MT/Month MT/Day (MT) Fiber drum / 1 Alkyd Resin 2000 80 364 0.220 80 Plastic drum
Fiber drum / 2 Polyamide Resin 1500 60 273 0.220 60 Plastic drum Fiber drum / 3 Polyester Resin 2000 80 364 0.220 80 Plastic drum Fiber drum / 4 Acrylic Resin 2500 100 455 0.220 100 Plastic drum Fiber drum / 5 Rosin Ester 500 20 91 0.220 20 Plastic drum Fiber drum / 6 Epoxy Resin 1500 60 273 0.220 60 Plastic drum Phenol Formaldehyde Fiber drum / 7 25 1 5 0.220 1 Resin Plastic drum
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Sr. Product name Capacity Capacity MOC of storage Nos. of storage Capacity (MT) Total Capacity No. MT/Month MT/Day (MT) Melamine Fiber drum / 8 25 1 5 0.220 1 Formaldehyde Resin Plastic drum Urea Formaldehyde Fiber drum / 9 25 1 5 0.220 1 Resin Plastic drum Fiber drum / 10 Ketonic Resin 5 -- 4 0.220 0.8 Plastic drum
Table 2.7 : Storage Details of Proposed Raw Materials
Sr. Raw Material Capacity MT/ Day MOC of storage Nos. of Capacity Total Storage No. MT/M storage Capacity Inventory Days
572.0 + 150.40 MS/SS Cladding 1 Vegetable Fatty Acid 28.89 3 tank 50 MT 150 MT 5 days = 722.4 Tank
726.0 + 500.0 + 2 Phthalic Anhydride 49.06 HDPE Bag 9800 bag 25 kg 245 MT 5 days 0.42 = 1226.42
276.80 + 600.0 MS/SS Cladding 3 Glycerine + 109.20 = 39.44 3 tank 50 MT 150 MT 5 days Tank 986.0
500 .0 + 374.12 MS/SS Cladding 4 Toluene/Xylene 34.96 3 tank 50 MT 150 MT 5 days = 874.12 Tank
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Sr. Raw Material Capacity MT/ Day MOC of storage Nos. of Capacity Total Storage No. MT/M storage Capacity Inventory Days
5 Di Acid 902.40 36.09 HDPE Bag 7200 bag 25 kg 180 MT 5 days
6 Ethylene Diamine 541.50 21.66 HDPE Drum 500 drums 220 L 110 MT 5 days
7 Mono Acid 200.00 8.0 HDPE Bag 1600 bag 25 kg 40 MT 5 days
MS/SS Cladding 8 Butyl Glycol 700.00 28.0 3 tank 50 MT 150 MT 5 days Tank
100.00 + 800.00 MS/SS Cladding 9 Styrene 36.0 3 tank 50 MT 150 MT 5 days = 900.0 Tank
10 Methacrylate 750.00 30.0 HDPE Drum 682 drums 220 L 150 MT 5 days
11 Acrylates 950.00 38.0 HDPE Drum 864 drums 220 L 190 MT 5 days
12 Rosin 438.50 17.54 HDPE Drum 409 drums 220 L 90 MT 5 days
MS/SS Cladding 13 Epoxy Resin 846.00 33.84 3 tank 50 MT 150 MT 5 days Tank
14 Bis Phenol A 283.80 11.35 HDPE Bag 2400 bags 25 kg 60 MT 5 days
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Sr. Raw Material Capacity MT/ Day MOC of storage Nos. of Capacity Total Storage No. MT/M storage Capacity Inventory Days
MS/SS Cladding 15 Phenol 13.92 0.56 1 tank 20 MT 20 MT 30 days Tank
16.17 + 16.08 + MS/SS Cladding 16 Formaldehyde (37%) 15.58 + 5.60 = 2.14 1 tank 4.0 MT 4.0 MT 2 days Tank 53.43
0.15 + 0.12 + 17 Caustic Soda 0.016 HDPE Bag 8 bags 25 kg 0.2 MT 12.5 days 0.13 = 0.4
18 Melamine 10.80 0.43 HDPE Bag 120 bags 25 kg 3 MT 7 days
19 Urea 10.56 0.42 HDPE Bag 120 bags 25 kg 3 MT 7 days
20 Acetic Acid 0.13 0.0052 HDPE Bag 2 bags 25 kg 0.05 MT 9.5 days
21 Cyclo Hexanone 2.80 0.112 HDPE Drum 4 drums 220 L 0.88 MT 7.8 days
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. 2.8 Requirement of Resources
There will be requirement of resources like water, power, fuel, manpower, plant & machineries, utilities etc. Details of requirement of such resources for proposed project are described in subsequent sections under respective headings.
2.8.1 Electricity / Power
Total power requirement for the proposed project will be about 250 HP which will be procured from Uttar Gujarat Vij Company Limited (UGVCL). In addition to this, unit will install D. G. Set (250 HP) as stand-by to the main source and the same will be utilized only in case of non-availability of power from DGVCL.
2.8.2 Manpower
There will be requirement of about 70 persons, skilled & unskilled, for the operation and maintenance of the proposed project in efficient way. Preference will be given to the local people from nearby villages based on their skills as well as our requirements. During the construction stage, there will be requirement of workers. However, the same will be of contractor’s persons and utilized according to the requirements and type of construction activities. Details of proposed manpower are given in Table 2.8.
Table 2.8: Manpower Requirement
Particulars Skilled Unskilled
Male 15 55 Total 70 Local – 60 & Resident - 10
2.8.3 Water
For the proposed project, water will be required for domestic activities, greenbelt development and industrial operations. Total water requirement will be 10 kl/day which will be fulfilled by Borewell.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. 2.8.4 Fuel
Fuel will be required for Themic Fluid Heater and D. G. Set (Stand-by). Bio- coal & Coal will be used in Themic Fluid Heater and Diesel will be utilized for D. G. Set. Fuel will be purchased from local trader. Details of fuel requirement are given in Table 2.9.
Table 2.9: Fuel Requirement
Sr. Particular Type of Fuel Fuel Requirement No. Thermic Fluid Heater – 1 1 (8 Lakh Kcal./hr.) Thermic Fluid Heater – 2 5 MT/Day + 2 Bio Coal + Coal (8 Lakh Kcal./hr.) 3.5 MT/Day Thermic Fluid Heater * - 3 3 (6 Lakh Kcal./hr.) 4 D.G. set (75 KVA) HSD 43.33 Liters/hr.
Note : * - TFH – 3 will be stand-by unit.
2.8.5 Plant, Machineries & Utilities
List of plant machineries required for the proposed project is given in Table 2.10. The actual requirements of utilities and machineries & equipment are not limited to the list given below as some additional minor requirements can also be cited depending up on necessity noticed during installation & operations.
Table 2.10: List of Plant, Machineries and Utilities
Sr. Utilities / Machineries Working Hours/Day No. 1 Cooling Tower (100 TR × 3 Nos.) 24 hrs. any one or two Thermic Fluid heater (8 Lakh Kcal/hr. × 2 Nos.) 2 24 hrs. any one or two (6 Lakh Kcal/hr. × 1 No.) 3 Chilling plant (40 TR × 2 Nos.) 15 hrs. 4 D. G. Set (1 No. 250 HP) When failure of electricity
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. 2.9 Energy Balance
Major equipment’s to be utilized in proposed unit for thermal energy requirement are Thermic Fluid Heater. Thus, energy balance of this equipment have been carried out and presented below in Table 2.11.
Table 2.11: Energy Balance
THERMIC FLUID HEATER Particular Unit Thermic Fluid Heater Installed Capacity Kcal/hr 1600000 Kcal/hr Rated Fuel (Bio - coal / Coal) Kg/day 8500 Gross Calorific Value per kg of Fuel Kcal 4000 Moisture content % 10 Efficiency on Gross Calorific Value % 75 Energy Produced Kcal/day 25500000 Moisture content Kcal/day 2550000 Losses through Flue gas 0.4% Kcal/day 102000 Net Energy output Kcal/day 22848000 Production TPD 403.2 Energy consumption per MT production Kcal/MT 56667
2.10 Pollution Potential and Proposed Control Measures
There will be possibility of pollution from the proposed project due to domestic & industrial wastewater generation & disposal; gaseous emission from process, flue gas emission from utilities, fugitive emission, noise and hazardous waste generation & disposal. The said probable pollutions are described below under respective heading with necessary details and mitigation measures.
2.10.1 Water Pollution
Total fresh water requirement for the proposed project will be 10.0 kl/day which will be fulfilled by Borewell. For domestic activities 4.5 kl/day fresh water, for industrial activities 14.2 kl/day recycle water and for greenbelt development 5.5 kl/day fresh water will be required.
Domestic Wastewater: Total 3.8 kl/day domestic wastewater will be generated which will be disposed off through septic tank/soak pit system.
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Total 16 kl/day industrial wastewater will be generated from proposed project activities. Stream-wise water consumption and wastewater generation is given in Table 2.12 and detailed water balance is given in Figure 2.6.
Table 2.12: Stream-wise Water Consumption & Wastewater Generation
Sr. Water Requirement Wastewater Generation Particular No. (kl/day) (kl/day) 1 Domestic activities 4.5 3.8 2 Greenbelt development 5.5 -- Industrial activities 3 Washing 1.2 1.1 Cooling Tower 13.0 1.3 Process 0 13.6 Total Industrial 14.2 (Recycled) 16 TOTAL (Domestic + Industrial + Greenbelt 10.0 19.8 development)
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Figure 2.5: Water Balance Diagram 7RWDO ZDWHU FRQVXPSWLRQ ./' )UHVKZDWHU ./' 5HXVHZDWHU
2.10.1.1 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL
Industrial wastewater will be generated from process, cooling tower (blow-down) & washing.
Wastewater generated from washing and process will be collected in collection cum neutralization tank. Then wastewater will be given Chemical Oxidation treatment.
After completion of Chemical Oxidation Treatment, wastewater will be taken to Nutch Filter/Settling Tank for chemical sludge separation.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Treated wastewater and cooling tower blow down will be collected in holding tank. After that it will be sent to Evaporator followed by Condenser. Condensate water will be reused for industrial process.
ETP sludge along with evaporation residue from Evaporator will be disposed off at TSDF site. Thus, unit will maintain ZERO LIQUID DISCHARGE.
Schematic flow diagram of ETP is given in Figure 2.6 and Stream-wise effluent quality is given in Table 2.15.
Figure 2.6: Schematic Flow Diagram of Effluent Treatment Plant
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Table 2.13: Details of Effluent Treatment Plant Units
Name of the Units Capacity No. of Units Collection cum Neutralization Tank 20 KL 2 Chemical Oxidation Tank 20 KL 1 Nutsche Filter / Settling Tank 20 KL 1 Holding Tank 20 KL 1 Evaporator 1.5 kl/hr. 1
Table 2.14: Technical Details of Evaporator
Particulars Volume Capacity 1.5 kl/hr.
Quantity of Effluent to be evaporated 16 kl/day
Working hours per day approx. 11 hrs.
MOC Mild Steel (MS)
Heat requirement 360102.37 kcal/hr.
Capacity of TFH (Common) 8,00,000 kcal/hr. x 2 nos.
Cost of operating ETP & Evaporator Rs. 16,000/Month
Table 2.15: Stream-wise Quality of Effluent
Composite Composit Cooling to Washing e to ETP Particular Unit (blow Process Evaporator Effluent before down) after treatment treatment KL/ Quantity 1.1 1.3 13.6 16.0 16.0 Day
pH -- 6.0 - 7.0 6.5 - 7.5 3.0 – 5.0 4.0 - 7.0 6.0 - 7.0
TSS mg/l 200 - 300 70 - 80 100 – 200 100 - 200 20 - 23
TDS mg/l 700 - 800 1000 - 1200 6000 – 5200 - 1150 - 1200
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Composite Composit Cooling to Washing e to ETP Particular Unit (blow Process Evaporator Effluent before down) after treatment treatment 8000 7000
10000 - 8400 - COD mg/l 100 - 150 40 - 50 100-200 15000 13000
2.10.2 Air Pollution
In this proposed project flue gas emission will be the main source of air pollution. There will be chances of fugitive emission due to raw material handling and transportation and manufacturing activity.
2.10.2.1 Flue Gas Emission
The details of flue gas stack & technical specifications of Air Pollution Control Measures are given in Table 2.16 & Table 2.17 respectively.
Table 2.16: Details of Flue Gas Emissions
Sr. Stack Fuel APC Expected Stack attached to No. Height Requirement System Pollutant Thermic Fluid 1 Heater - 1 (8 Lakh Kcal/hr) Multi- Thermic Fluid Bio-coal – 5 Cyclone 2 Heater - 2 MT/Day + 30 m Separator SPM d 150 (8 Lakh Kcal/hr) Coal followed by mg/Nm3 Thermic Fluid 3.5 MT/day Bag Filter SO2 d 100 ppm Heater – 3 3 NO2 d 50 ppm (Stand-by) (6 Lakh Kcal/hr) 4 D.G. set* HSD Adequate (75 KVA) 5 m 43.33 stack height Liters/Hr.
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Table 2.17: Details of Air Pollution Control System
Type of Source Thermic Fluid Heater Capacity 8 lakh kilo cal/hr. x 2 nos. Fuel used Bio-coal & Coal Multi cyclone separator Temperature at Inlet 160 oC Gas flow rate 4.53 m3/sec Input SO2 load 0.81 gm/sec Input NO2 load 3.94 gm/sec Input dust load 19.0 gm/sec Efficiency 60 % Output dust load 7.6 gm/sec Pressure Drop 110 mm WC No./Size of cylinder 1 no. No. of Ash discharge cone 1 no. Ash discharge Air lock rotary valve Bag Filter Temperature at Inlet 120 oC Specific Gravity of Dust 1.29 Input Dust Load 7.6 gm/sec Efficiency 92 % Output dust load 0.6 gm/sec Pressure Drop 110 mm WC Type of Cleaning Mechanism Solenoid Operated Pulsing Valve Ash Discharge Air Lock Rotary Valve Air to Cloth ratio 1.02 m3/min/m2 Type of Bags Woven Needle Felt Imported Woven Fiber Glass Water Filter Fabrics Repellent
2.10.2.2 Fugitive Emission
Fugitive emissions are expected to be generated during construction and operational stages of the project. During construction stage, main source of fugitive emission is dust which is expected mainly due to the movement of vehicles carrying construction material and vehicles used for construction.
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Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. During operation stage, leakage through valves, pumps, emission from open drum containing chemicals, open feeding; storage tanks, etc. are the major sources of fugitive emissions of VOCs. Following measures will be adopted to prevent and control fugitive emissions:
x All the raw materials will be stored in isolated storage area and containers will be kept tightly closed. x Entire manufacturing activity will be carried out in closed reactors / vessels and regular checking and maintenance of the same will be carried out to avoid any leakages. x All the motors of pumps for the handling of hazardous chemicals will be flame proof and provided with suitable mechanical seal with stand-by arrangement. x The control of all parameters on a continuous basis will be done by adequate control valves, pressure release valves and safety valves etc. x All the flange joints of the pipe lines will be covered with flange guards. x The spillages / leakages of specific chemical will be collected and use or it will be drained to effluent treatment plant. x Precautionary measures will be taken while handling various hazardous chemicals. x There will also provision of adequate ventilation system such as turbo ventilators in process plant and hazardous chemical storage area. x A regular preventive maintenance will be planned to replace or rectify all gaskets, joints etc. x Transporters will be instructed to cover the trucks by tarpaulin sheets. x TREM card will be provided to the driver during the transportation of Hazardous raw materials/products. x Sufficient information and training regarding characteristics and immediate actions in case of any spillage or accident during transportation of hazardous chemical will be provided to the driver x The unit will also develop green belt area within the factory premises to control the fugitive emissions from spreading into surrounding environment. x Unit will install portable detection system VOCs in the process area. x Moreover, Unit will carry out regular work place monitoring.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. 2.10.3 Solid / Hazardous Waste
The details of hazardous waste generation and handling / management are given in Table 2.18. Unit will provide storage area for hazardous wastes having roof, pucca flooring with leachate collection system. Leachate, if any will be collected and treated in effluent treatment plant. Unit will take membership of TSDF site after commencement of proposed project.
Table 2.18: Details of Hazardous Waste Management
Sr. Description Category Quantity Mode of Disposal No. ETP Sludge + 0.98 Collection, storage and disposal 1 Evaporation 35.3 MT/Month at approved TSDF site Residue Collection, storage and used 0.125 MT/ 2 Used Oil 5.1 within premises as a lubricant / Month sold to registered recycler. Discarded 105 Collection, storage & sold to 3 Plastic Bags / 33.1 MT/ Month authorized vendor. Barrels
2.10.3.1 Fly Ash Management:
Proposed fuel for Boiler : Bio-Coal (5 MT/day) & Coal (3.5 MT/day)
Fly ash generation has been calculated considering maximum ash generation scenario considering use of both the fuel :
Bio-Coal Coal Fuel consumption 5 MT/day 3.5 MT/day Ash content 2 – 10 % 38 % Total Ash generation 0.1 x 5 MT/day 0.38 x 3.5 MT/day 0.5 MT/day 1.33 MT/day Considering 50% Ash to be collected from bottom, Bottom Ash 0.5 x 0.5 MT/day 0.5 x 1.33 MT/day 0.25 MT/day (A) 0.665 MT/day (A) Considering 50 % Ash to be carried away with flue gas as fly ash which will be further trapped in bag filter (Bag filter Efficiency: 92 % & Multi cyclone dust collector efficiency : 60 %) Fly ash trapped in Air 0.92 x 0.4 x 0.25 0.92 x 0.4 x 0.665
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Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. pollution control units MT/day MT/day 0.092 MT/day (B) 0.24472 MT/day (B) Total Maximum Ash to be A + B A + B generated using fuel 0.25 + 0.092 = 0.342 0.665 + 0.24472 = 0.90972 Approximately 0.3 Approximately 0.9 MT/day MT/day
Total Ash to be generated will be stored into silo with proper care and sold to cement/ RMC/ paver blocks/ building bricks manufacturer units and also will be supplied to the other companies for land levelling, conditioning, road construction, etc.
2.10.4 Noise & Vibration
Noise may be generated due to the operation of D. G. set after the proposed project. However, D. G. set will be kept as standby and no other source of noise and vibration from the proposed manufacturing activity except plant machineries. However, unit will take following adequate precautionary measure for noise and vibration control;
x Latest technology based low noise D.G. set with acoustic enclosures will be installed.
x All the vibrating parts will be checked periodically and serviced to reduce the noise generation. The equipment, which generates excessive noise, will be provided with enclosures etc.
x Proper and timely oiling, lubrication and preventive maintenance will be carried out for the machineries and equipment to reduce noise generation.
x Ear muffs/ earplugs will be provided to the workers working under high noise area to minimize the adverse effect on the health.
x To reduce the noise generation during the transportation activities; the transport contractor will be instructed kept vehicle periodically serviced and maintain as per the requirement of latest trend in automobile industry. Only those vehicles with PUC’s will be allowed for the transportation.
x The transport contractor will be informed to avoid unnecessary speeding of vehicles inside the premises.
x Noise monitoring will be done regularly at prominent places in the plant.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. x Proposed greenbelt area will help to prevent the noise pollution outside the premises.
2.11 Pollution Potential Impacts & Mitigation measures
Attributes Activities, Impacts and its Mitigation Measures
Land Use During operation activity of the plant, the impact of air, water and solid waste pollution on soil causes direct/indirect effect on soil.
Operation activity :
1. Due to TFH operation, flue gas emission will be done & dispersed in the atmosphere. 2. Wastewater generated from the industry. 3. Solid & hazardous waste generation.
Impacts :
1. Due to dispersion of air pollutants in the atmosphere, nearby villagers may get disease of lung & health issues. There may also be decrease in productivity of crops & disease in plants. 2. Wastewater generated from the industry if discharged on the ground, it may deteriorate ground water quality. Secondarily it may also deteriorate surface water quality in rainy season. There may be health problems due to drinking of this ground & surface water. 3. Solid / hazardous waste generated from the process if collected loose form, it may pollute the soil. 4. Solid waste will be run away with the rainwater in rainy season if they will not properly collected in bags & stored in storage area under shed.
Mitigation Measures :
1. As all necessary air pollution control steps will be provided and based on the results of the dispersion model for the Ground Level Concentrations of various pollutants after the commissioning of the proposed activity, there will not be any adverse impact on soil. 2. There will be no adverse effect of wastewater on soil since the treated effluent emanating from the ETP will be evaporated in an
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Attributes Activities, Impacts and its Mitigation Measures
evaporator. Thus, there will not be any significant impact on land environment. 3. All necessary control steps/measures will be provided for handling, storage and disposal of solid/ hazardous waste generated. All solid / hazardous waste should be properly collected in bags & stored in storage area under shed. Industry has also developed adequate greenbelt within the premises which not only increase the aesthetic of that area but also prevent soil erosion which may change the land use pattern of that area. Thus, there will not be any significant impact on land environment.
Thus, there will not be any adverse impact on the land use & soil environment during operation phase of the proposed project.
Water Water requirement is to be met through Borewell. Quality Operation activity :
1. Water consumption for various activities like domestic, gardening & industrial. 2. Waste water generation from the industrial premises.
Impact :
1. Ground water depletion 2. Surrounding villagers may not get enough water for their uses. 3. Wastewater generated from the industry if discharged on the ground, it may deteriorate ground water quality. Secondarily it may also deteriorate surface water quality in rainy season. There may be health problems due to drinking of this polluted ground & surface water. Crops may get disease by using this polluted ground water & surface water. Surrounding villagers, birds, animals may get disease by consuming these polluted crops.
Mitigation Measures :
1. Industry will consume fresh water with the quantity of 10 KL/day. Even though the industry will provide rain water storage tank in the premises so that fresh water consumption will be reduced. 2. Domestic wastewater generated will be disposed off through septic
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Attributes Activities, Impacts and its Mitigation Measures
tank /soak pit system. 3. The final treated industrial effluent from effluent treatment plant will be evaporated in an evaporator. Therefore, no effluent will be required to be discharged and the stated process would be a ZERO DISCHARGE process.
Thus, there will not be any adverse impact on the quantity and quality of ground water as well surface water during operation phase.
Air Quality The operational activities are usually expected to have long-term impacts on air quality.
Operation activity :
1. The major source of air pollution due to proposed activity will be flue gas emissions from the TFH. 2. The fugitive emissions of Particulate Matter (PM) will likely to arise during various stages of operations such as material unloading, material transfer and storage etc.
Impacts :
1. Due to dispersion of air pollutants in the atmosphere, nearby villagers may get disease of lung & health issues. 2. Secondarily there may also be decrease in productivity of crops & disease in plants. 3. The concentrations of pollutants at the ground levels have been computed using computer simulation model to assess the impact of emissions for the proposed activity. 4. Impacts of emissions on air quality have been evaluated using dispersion model (AERMOD VIEW) which are described in Section 4.8 of this Chapter.
Mitigation measures :
1. All necessary air pollution control steps will be provided like Multi cyclone separator followed by Bag filter to control air pollution. 2. Based on the results of the dispersion model for the Ground Level Concentrations of various pollutants after the commissioning of the
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Attributes Activities, Impacts and its Mitigation Measures
proposed activity, it is concluded that all the pollutants will be within the NAAQ standards. 3. Entire manufacturing activity will be carried out in closed reactors / vessels and regular checking and maintenance of the same will be carried out to avoid any leakages. All the motors of pumps for the handling of hazardous chemicals will be flame proof and provided with suitable mechanical seal with stand-by arrangement. Thus, there will not be any adverse impact on the quality of air during operation phase of the proposed project.
Noise The operational activities are usually expected to have long-term impacts on Noise.
Operation activity :
1. Thermic fluid heater operation, D. G. Set operation & pump & other machineries operation.
Impacts :
1. The workers working in the process area / TFH area & D. G. set area may get deafness after long time.
Mitigation measures :
1. The specifications for procuring major noise generating machines/equipment shall include built in design requirements to have minimum noise levels meeting Occupational Safety and Health Association (OSHA) requirement. 2. Appropriate noise barriers/shields, silencers etc. shall be provided in the equipment wherever feasible. Noise emanating from noisy equipment shall be adequately attenuated by enclosure, insulation etc. 3. Green belt area will be provided to prevent noise pollution at boundary of the industrial premises.
Thus, there will not be any adverse impact anticipated on surrounding environment due to noise pollution of the proposed project.
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Attributes Activities, Impacts and its Mitigation Measures
Soil Operation activity :
1. Industrial process activity 2. Raw material storage & solid / hazardous waste storage 3. TFH operation
Impacts :
1. There are minimal chances that air borne fugitive dust from the project may likely get deposited in the immediate vicinity. 2. Spillage & leakage from storage of raw materials & solid / hazardous waste may contaminate the soil & simultaneously ground water .
Mitigation measures :
1. The flue gas emissions will be controlled by an effective dust extraction and suppression system and source emission by installing highly efficient bag filter/ other pollution control facilities at suitable locations. 2. The storage and handling of raw materials shall be done properly to prevent any spillage & leakage. 3. Hazardous wastes will be stored at earmarked area with impervious flooring, shed and spillage/leakage collection system to eliminate rainwater contamination, chances of overflow / spillages going on to the land and thus land/ soil contamination. 4. The hazardous waste generated during the operation phase, will be properly disposed so that there is no spill and contamination of land. The hazardous waste will be sent for disposal to authorized TSDF on regular basis as per the Hazardous Waste Rules.
Thus, there will not be any adverse impact anticipated on surrounding geology & soil due to the proposed project.
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CHAPTER - 3 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3.1 Introduction
Preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) needs a datum on which the evaluation can be done. It is necessary to collect data about different environmental components like air, noise, water, land, flora and fauna and socio-economic factors that are being affected by the operation of any project activity, which, in turn, defines an existing environmental quality to serve as the datum.
Base line data requirement is also necessary to identify environmentally significant issues as well as to enumerate the critical environmental change that is likely to occur due to the project activity. Here an attempt has been made to collect the information about an existing environment on the below mentioned six major environmental attributes: 9 Air Environment 9 Water Environment 9 Noise Environment 9 Land & Soil Environment 9 Biologcal Environment 9 Socio – Economic Environment
An effective methodology is important for baseline data collection and impact prediction to develop an efficient environment management plan. In this regard, it is important to understand the ground realities of the site and surrounding by the experts involved in preparation of EIA. Accordingly, a team of experts visited the proposed site to understand the site surrounding and possible impacts from the activities of the proposed project. The EIA coordinators in consultation with the respective functional area experts selected the sampling locations as per the TORs prescribed by the SEAC/SEIAA.
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Subsequently, the field monitoring was undertaken during October 2018 to December 2018 by the T. R. Associates Laboratory. The collected data were analysed and interpreted.
3.2 Air Environment
Dispersion of different air pollutants released into the atmosphere have significant impacts on the neighborhood air environment of an industrial project and forms an important part of impact assessment studies. The ambient air quality status with respect to the study area of 10 km radius from the plant site will form the base line information over which the predicted impacts due to the proposed plant can be super imposed to find out the net (final) impacts on air environment. From the final impacts a viable Environmental Management Plan (EMP) can be prepared based on the impact statement for the air environment. The baseline status of the ambient air quality can be assessed thorough scientifically designed ambient air quality monitoring network. The design of monitoring network in the air quality surveillance program has to be based on the following considerations. x Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale. x Topography of the study area. x Representation of regional background levels. x Representation of plant site. x Representation of cross sectional distribution in the downward direction. x Influence of the existing sources if any, are to be kept at minimum. x Inclusion of major distinct villages to collect the baseline status.
3.2.1 Micrometeorological Data
Micro-meteorological data within the project area during the air quality monitoring period is an indispensable part of air pollution study. The meteorological data recorded during monitoring period is very useful for proper interpretation of the baseline information as well as serves as an input, to predictive models for air quality impacts.
To understand meteorological scenario primary and secondary data are collected. This data is used in the interpretation of wind scenario. The data collected from the both sources are summarized as follows:
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Table 3.1: Period of Meteorological Data Collection
Primary data (October 2018 to December 2018): Parameters like Wind Speed, Wind Direction, Temperature, Humidity and Precipitation collected for project site using Automatic Weather Meteorological Station. Data Secondary data (Entire Year): Secondary data has been collected from the nearest IMD source (Ahmedabad) for Temperature, Humidity, Rainfall, Wind Speed.
3.2.1.1 Meteorological Data from Secondary Sources
The climate of the Ahmedabad district is characterised by hot summer and general dryness except during the southwest monsoon seasons. The year can be divided into four seasons. The period from March to May is the hot season (summer) followed by southwest monsoon from June to September. October and November constitute the post-monsoon or retreating monsoon season. The cold season (winter) starts from December and ends in February.
The mean maximum temperature ranges between 28.4 ºC (during January) to 41.8 ºC (during May) and the mean minimum temperatures vary between 11.7 ºC (during January) to 27 ºC (during June). The relative humidity varies between 32 % (March) and 79 % (August). The mean wind speed varies from 0.86 m/s (October) and 2.02 m/s (June). Long-term average annual rainfall recorded by IMD station at Ahmedabad is 66.33 mm. Most of the rainfall (about 765.7 mm) is received between June to September. Climatological data of nearest IMD station i.e. Ahmedbad is given in the Table 3.2.
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Table 3.2: Monthly Mean Values of Meteorological Data (Secondary Data) Month Air Temperature Relative Mean Wind Rainfall (°C) Humidity (%) Speed (mm) Max. Mini. (meter/sec.) January 28.4 11.7 43.0 1.16 2.6 February 31.3 13.8 36.0 1.18 1.1 March 36.0 18.8 32.0 1.27 1.0 April 39.9 23.4 34.5 1.40 0.9 May 41.8 26.2 42.5 1.84 6.0 June 38.4 27.0 59.5 2.02 108.7 July 33.3 25.7 76.0 1.74 265.3 August 31.9 24.8 79.0 1.44 219.8 September 33.4 24.1 71.0 1.20 171.9 October 35.8 20.9 50.5 0.86 10.8 November 33.2 16.5 43.0 0.92 8.9 December 29.8 13.0 45.0 1.06 2.6 TOTAL 413.2 245.9 612 16.09 799.6 Annual Mean 34.4 20.5 51.0 1.34 66.63
Source: As per Climatological Table – IMD, Ahmedabad Station (1981-2010), CGWB-Ahmedabad
The wind rose diagram obtained from meteoblue organization for the entire year based on 30 years of hourly historical weather data for Ahmedabad location is presented in Figure 3.1.
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Figure 3.1: Wind Rose Diagram of Entire Year (Secondary Source)
Source : https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/forecast/modelclimate/ahmedabad_india_1279233
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3.2.1.2 Meteorology-Data generated at project site (Duration: October 2018 to December 2018)
Meteorology of the study area plays an important role in the study of air pollution. Micrometeorological conditions at the project site regulate the dispersion and dilution of air pollutants in the atmosphere. For this purpose a weather station was installed near the project site for the period October 2018 to December 2018 and recorded hourly observations for the parameters like Temperature, Relative Humidity, Wind Speed, Wind Direction and Rainfall.
Meteorological conditions, of the site, regulates the transport and diffusion of air- pollutants released into the atmosphere. Ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction and atmospheric stability are called primary or basic meteorological parameters because the dispersion and diffusion of pollutants depend mainly on these Parameters. Humidity, precipitation, pressure and visibility are secondary meteorological parameters as this control the dispersion of the pollutants indirectly by affecting primary parameters.
The hourly-recorded observations during above stated study period are used in computing percentage frequencies and are depicted in the form of ‘wind roses’ in Figure 3.2. Primary meteorological data are shown in Annexure - 9.
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Figure 3.2 A : Wind Rose Diagram of Baseline Monitoring Period (October 2018 to December 2018) (Primary Source)
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Figure 3.2: Wind Rose Diagram for Primary Data Collected for October 2018 to December 2018 on Google Image
Note : Blue circle – 1 km radius, Red circle – 5 km radius, White circle – 10 km radius.
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3.2.2 Selection of AAQ Stations
A network of eight (8) ambient air-sampling locations has been selected for assessment of the existing status of air environment within the study zone. The heights of the sampling locations were kept between 3 to 6 m in all the locations. After reconnaissance of the area and observing the topographical features and review of the available meteorological data and local conditions the sampling sites were chosen which will be the representative of the local areas under study.
Figure 3.3: Map showing Ambient Air Quality Locations
1
Source : Google Earth
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3.2.2.1 Existing AAQ Status
Ambient levels of pollutants such as PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, and VOC are selected for the sampling. The methodology of sampling and analysis in detail is given in the following Tables 3.4 & 3.5.
Table 3.3: Ambient Air Monitoring Locations
Station Ambient Air Located in Distance in Direction GPS Coordinates Code Location km 23° 4' 12.62"N 1 Project Site -- 0 -- 72° 8' 47.10"E 23° 7' 5.18"N 2 Kalyanpura DW(P) 7.56 NE 72°11' 18.69"E 23° 4' 48.04"N 3 Sachana DW 2.69 ENE 72° 10' 24.89"E 23° 3' 11.77"N 4 Karakthal UW 3.4 WSW 72° 6' 42.70"E 23° 0' 40.99"N 5 Liya UW 8.18 SW 72° 5' 24.33"E 23° 5' 4.79"N 6 Jakhwada CW 1.55 NW 72° 8' 7.18"E Kalyanpur 23° 3' 26.02"N 7 CW 1.32 SSE (Shiyal) 72° 8' 59.65"E Hansalpur 23° 5' 19.88"N 8 CW 8.16 WNW Sareshwar 72° 3' 54.88"E
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Figure 3.4: Photograph showing Ambient Air Monitoring
Location : Karakthal Location : Hansalpur (Sareshwar) Latitude : 23° 3'11.77"N, Latitude : 23° 5' 19.88"N Longitude : 72° 6'42.70"E Longitude : 72° 3' 54.88"E Date : 14-9-2018 Date : 14-9-2018
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Table 3.4: Air – Parameters Analyzed and Sampling Duration
Attribute Parameter Frequency of Monitoring
24 hrs. Sampling for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO & VOC - Two days per week during the study period
PM10, PM2.5, (October 2018 to December 2018). This was carried
AAQ SO2, NO2, CO & out in accordance with the guidelines of Central
VOC at 8 locations Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Scientific Manual of GPCB and National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of CPCB.
Table 3.5: Ambient Air Quality - Methodology
Method of Analysis
PM10 IS 5182 (Part 23): 2006 (RA 2017)
Dust PM2.5 TRA/STP/AA/02 D/I 27/10/2014
SO2 IS 5182 (Part 2): 2001 (RA 2017)
NO2 IS 5182 (Part 6): 2006 (RA 2017) Variables CO TRA/STP/AA/08 Gases VOC TRA/STP/AA/07
Various statistical parameters like standard deviation, geometric mean, minimum; maximum concentrations and different percentiles have been computed from the data generated during sampling in all sampling stations.
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Table 3.6: Ambient Air Monitoring Results
AAQ Monitoring Location NAAQ Parameter Value Standards Project site Shiyal Jakhwada Karakthal Liya Hansalpur Sachana Kalyanpura (24 hrs.) Min ϯϮ͘ϲϴ ϯϬ͘ϱϮ ϯϳ͘ϭϴ ϯϯ͘ϰϱ Ϯϵ͘ϱϲ ϰϬ͘ϵϯ ϰϭ͘Ϯϱ ϰϯ͘ϲϱ PM 2.5 Max. ϰϭ͘Ϯϭ ϯϳ͘ϱϰ ϰϰ͘ϲϮ ϰϮ͘ϴϵ ϯϲ͘ϳϭ ϰϵ͘ϬϮ ϱϬ͘Ϭϭ ϱϮ͘ϮϬ (ΐg/m3) 60 ΐg/m3 Mean ϯϲ͘ϱϯ ϯϯ͘ϵϰ ϰϬ͘ϵϰ ϯϴ͘ϳϮ ϯϮ͘ϲϯ ϰϱ͘Ϯϵ ϰϱ͘Ϭϲ ϰϴ͘Ϯϭ
98th Percentile ϰϬ͘ϴϵ ϯϳ͘ϰϭ ϰϰ͘ϰϳ ϰϮ͘ϴϰ ϯϲ͘ϰϮ ϰϴ͘ϴϬ ϰϵ͘ϳϭ ϱϮ͘Ϭϲ Min ϲϰ͘Ϯϵ ϲϭ͘Ϭϰ ϳϬ͘ϴϲ ϲϲ͘Ϯϭ ϱϴ͘ϵϰ ϳϯ͘ϴϰ ϳϴ͘ϱϮ ϴϬ͘ϵϰ PM 10 Max. ϳϱ͘ϲϲ ϳϮ͘ϰϭ ϳϵ͘ϴϭ ϳϲ͘ϰϴ ϲϴ͘ϳϱ ϴϮ͘ϰϴ ϴϱ͘ϰϲ ϴϵ͘ϰϰ (ΐg/m3) 100 ΐg/m3 Mean ϳϬ͘ϯϯ ϲϳ͘ϯϳ ϳϱ͘ϭϮ ϳϭ͘ϯϯ ϲϰ͘ϱϯ ϳϴ͘ϭϲ ϴϭ͘ϵϴ ϴϰ͘ϱϭ
98th Percentile ϳϱ͘ϯϳ ϳϮ͘Ϯϲ ϳϵ͘ϰϰ ϳϲ͘Ϯϰ ϲϴ͘ϰϰ ϴϮ͘ϯϯ ϴϱ͘ϰϬ ϴϵ͘Ϯϰ Min ϲ͘ϬϮ ϭϮ͘ϰϮ ϴ͘ϬϮ ϱ͘ϰϬ ϵ͘ϭϳ ϳ͘Ϯϭ ϭϰ͘ϭϮ ϭϯ͘ϭϵ SO2 Max. ϭϭ͘ϳϵ ϭϳ͘ϳϰ ϭϯ͘ϮϮ ϭϬ͘ϵϲ ϭϱ͘ϴϴ ϭϮ͘ϴϱ Ϯϭ͘ϳϰ ϭϵ͘ϴϴ (ΐg/m3) 80 ΐg/m3 Mean ϴ͘ϴϬ ϭϱ͘Ϯϰ ϭϬ͘ϰϱ ϴ͘ϰϰ ϭϮ͘ϰϳ ϵ͘ϵϰ ϭϳ͘ϵϬ ϭϲ͘Ϯϱ
98th Percentile ϭϭ͘ϲϳ ϭϳ͘ϲϭ ϭϯ͘Ϭϳ ϭϬ͘ϵϰ ϭϱ͘ϲϱ ϭϮ͘ϲϬ Ϯϭ͘ϯϯ ϭϵ͘ϱϮ
NO2 Min ϭϳ͘Ϭϱ ϭϲ͘ϭϮ ϭϵ͘Ϯϭ ϭϱ͘ϭϰ ϵ͘ϭϱ ϮϬ͘Ϭϳ ϮϮ͘ϰϰ Ϯϲ͘Ϭϯ (ΐg/m3) Max. Ϯϱ͘Ϯϭ Ϯϳ͘ϴϱ Ϯϲ͘ϴϬ Ϯϰ͘ϳϮ ϭϱ͘ϱϴ Ϯϴ͘ϵϯ Ϯϵ͘ϯϴ ϯϮ͘ϵϴ 80 ΐg/m3 Mean ϮϬ͘ϵϳ Ϯϭ͘ϳϰ ϮϮ͘ϴϯ ϮϬ͘ϲϭ ϭϭ͘ϵϳ Ϯϯ͘ϵϲ Ϯϱ͘ϳϱ Ϯϵ͘ϱϮ 98th Percentile Ϯϱ͘ϬϬ Ϯϳ͘ϲϴ Ϯϲ͘ϳϬ Ϯϰ͘ϳϬ ϭϱ͘ϰϭ Ϯϴ͘ϯϭ Ϯϵ͘Ϯϳ ϯϮ͘ϴϴ VOC B.D.L. B.D.L. B.D.L. B.D.L. B.D.L. B.D.L. B.D.L. B.D.L. Not -- (ppm) (D.L.= 0.1) (D.L.= 0.1) (D.L.= 0.1) (D.L.= 0.1) (D.L.= 0.1) (D.L.= 0.1) (D.L.= 0.1) (D.L.= 0.1) Specified CO B.D.L. B.D.L. B.D.L. B.D.L. B.D.L. B.D.L. B.D.L. B.D.L. 4 mg/m3 (ppm) -- (D.L.=1) (D.L.=1) (D.L.=1) (D.L.=1) (D.L.=1) (D.L.=1) (D.L.=1) (D.L.=1) Note: BDL – Below Detectable Limit
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3.2.2.2 Interpretaion of AAQ results of Study Area Interpretation of AAQ results of the study area is presented in Table- 3.7.
Table 3.7: Baseline Staus of Ambient Air Quality
Sr. No. Parameters Baseline Status
PM2.5 concentrations in the study area were ranging from 29.56 to 52.20 ΐg/m3. Whereas 98th percentile values are in the range of 36.42 to 52.06 ΐg/m3 which are within the stipulated 1 PM2.5 NAAQS values. PM2.5 concentration is observed at village Kalyanpura with the result of 52.20 ΐg/m3.
PM10 concentrations in the study area were ranging from 58.94 to 89.44 ΐg/m3. Whereas 98th percentile values are in the range of 68.44 to 89.24 ΐg/m3 which are within the stipulated 2 PM10 NAAQS values. PM10 concentration is observed at village Kalyanpura with the result of 89.44 ΐg/m3.
3 th SO2 concentrations in the study area were ranging from 5.40 to 21.74 ΐg/m . Whereas 98
3 SO2 percentile values in the range of 10.94 to 21.33 ΐg/m3 which are within the stipulated NAAQS 3 values. SO2 concentration is observed at village Sachana with the result of 21.74 ΐg/m .
NO2 concentrations in the study area were ranging from 9.15 to 32.98 ΐg/m3 with 98th percentile
4 NO2 values in the range of 15.41 to 32.88 ΐg/m3 which are within the stipulated NAAQS values. NO2 concentration is observed at village Kalyanpura with the result of 32.98 ΐg/m3. 5 VOC B.D.L. (D.L.= 0.1 ppm) 6 CO B.D.L. (D.L.= 1 ppm)
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3.3 Noise Environment
Noise word come from the Latin word ‘nauseas’, it is a loud outcry or commotion that is unpleasant, unexpected, or undesired with various frequencies over the audible range due to the regular activities of the mankind primarily noise pollution (or environmental noise) is displeasing human, animal or machine-created sound that disrupts the activity or balance of humans or animals life. The source of most outdoor noise worldwide is mainly evolved from Industries, constructions and transportation systems, including motor vehicle noise, aircraft noise and rail noise, poor urban planning may give rise to noise pollution.
Industrial noise resulting to noise pollution has many reasons such as industries being close to human habitats which prevent the noise from decaying before it reaches human ear.
A determination is made of the micro scale impact by predicting anticipated noise levels for each alternative during both construction and operational phases. Predicted noise levels are compared with applicable standards or criteria in order to assess the impact.
The physical description of sound concerns its loudness as a function of frequency. Noise in general sound which comprises of many frequency components with different variations in loudness over the audible frequency range.
Various noise scales have been introduced to describe, a single number, the response of an average human to a complex sound made up of various frequencies at different loud levels, the response of the human ear to sound is dependent on the frequency of the sound and this has led to the concept of weighting scales. In the "A-weighting" scale, the sound pressure levels for the lower frequencies and higher frequencies are reduced by certain amounts before they are being combined together to give one single sound pressure level value. This value is designated as dB (A). The dB (A) is often used as it reflects more accurately the frequency response of the human ear. A perceived loud noise has a high dB or dB (A) value and a soft noise has a low one. The
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human ear has peak response around 2,500 to 3,000 Hz and has a relatively low response at low frequencies.
3.3.1 Existing Noise Levels
Pre-project noise levels have been monitored at different points within the study zone and on the spot measurement device manufactured by LUTRON SL 4033-SD was used for this purpose. Keeping in view of various local activities such as residential and Industrial activities 8 noise level measurement locations were identified and the sites are depicted in the Figure 3.5 & Table 3.8. Photographs showing noise sampling is shown in Figure 3.6. Results of monitoring are shown in Table 3.9.
Figure 3.5: Map Showing Noise Sampling Locations
1
Source : Google Earth
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Table 3.8: Noise Monitoring Locations
Located Distance Code Location Name Direction GPS Coordinates in in km 23Σ4.224' N 1 Project site Centre -- -- 72Σ8.788' E 23Σ5.142' N 2 Jakhwada CW 1.55 NW 72Σ8.180' E 23Σ3.433' N 3 Kalyanpur (Shiyal) CW 1.32 SSE 72Σ9.093' E 23Σ4.913' N 4 Sachana DW 2.69 ENE 72Σ10.416' E 23Σ3.385' N 5 Karakthal UW 3.4 WSW 72Σ6.746' E Sanand-Viramgam 23Σ5.832' N 6 Highway Intersection CW 4.16 NW 72Σ6.456' E near Sokali Bhojnipura Sanand-Viramgam 23Σ4.579' N 7 CW 4.24 NNE Highway Intersection 72Σ10.479' E near Sachana 23Σ6.356' N 8 Narsinhpura CW 3.83 N 72Σ8.908' E
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Figure 3.6: Photograph showing Noise Measurement
Location : Jakhwada Location : Sanand-Viramgam Highway Intersection near Sachana Latitude : 2305.142' N Latitude : 23Σ4.579' N Longitude : 7208.180' E Longitude : 72Σ10.479' E Date : 14-9-2018 Date : 14-9-2018
Table 3.9: Noise Level Monitoring Data [Day and Night timings in Leq dB (A)]
Day Time Monitoring Recorded level in dB(A) Sampling Limits Leq Sampling Date Category Location Minimum Maximum Leq [dB(A)]
Project Site 14.10.18 To 15.10.18 Industrial 48.1 71.1 65.6 75 Jakhwada 15.10.18 To 16.10.18 Residential 46.9 61.0 54.4 55 Kalyanpur (Shiyal) 16.10.18 To 17.10.18 Residential 46.1 57.1 53.4 55 Sachana 17.10.18 To 18.10.18 Residential 49.1 58.1 52.2 55 Karakthal 18.10.18 To 19.10.18 Residential 46.9 57.1 50.9 55 Sanand-Viramgam Highway 19.10.18 To 20.10.18 Residential 46.6 55.1 51.9 55 Intersection near Sokali Sanand-Viramgam Highway 20.10.18 To 21.10.18 Residential 46.9 61.2 54.2 55 Intersection near Sachana
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Day Time Monitoring Recorded level in dB(A) Sampling Limits Leq Sampling Date Category Location Minimum Maximum Leq [dB(A)]
Narsinhpura 21.10.18 To 22.10.18 Residential 45.1 52.7 49.6 55
Night Time Monitoring Recorded level in dB(A) Limits Sampling Sampling Date Category Leq Location Minimum Maximum Leq [dB(A)] Project Site 14.10.18 To 15.10.18 Industrial 45.2 49.3 47.2 70 Jakhwada 15.10.18 To 16.10.18 Residential 40.2 45.2 43.7 45 Kalyanpur 16.10.18 To 17.10.18 Residential 35.0 41.3 38.7 45 (Shiyal) Sachana 17.10.18 To 18.10.18 Residential 36.3 44.7 42.1 45 Karakthal 18.10.18 To 19.10.18 Residential 35.0 42.8 39.3 45 Sanand- Viramgam Highway 19.10.18 To 20.10.18 Residential 37.2 52.2 44.8 45 Intersection near Sokali Sanand- Viramgam Highway 20.10.18 To 21.10.18 Residential 35.3 39.0 37.4 45 Intersection near Sachana Narsinhpura 21.10.18 To 22.10.18 Residential 36.5 44.1 40.4 45
3.3.2 Baseline Status of Ambient Noise Quality
Sound levels had been recorded according to IS: 9989:1991 (Reaffirmed 2001). The maximum noise level measured in the study area in day time was 71.1 dB (A) at project site which was below the stipulated standards. The maximum noise level measured in the study area in night time was 52.2 dB (A) at Sanand-Viramgam Highway Intersection near Sokali. The noise levels (Leq) of the residential area within the impact zone varied from 49.6 – 54.4 dB (A) in the daytime and 38.7 – 44.8 dB (A) in the night time, which are also below the specified limits.
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3.4 Water Environment
Studies on Water Environment aspects of ecosystem is important for Environmental Impact Assessment to identify sensitive issues and take appropriate action by maintaining ‘ecological homeostasis’ in the early stages of development of the project. The objective of this report is to define the present environment in which the proposed action is to occur, to evaluate all possible eventualities, to ensure that all negative impacts are minimized, and to demonstrate that proposed project has been appropriately announced to all interested parties so that their concerns can be considered.
Water quality studies have been carried out in the study area to understand the availability of water resources, possibility of water contamination and existing water quality.
3.4.1 Water Quality
Water of high quality is essential to human life, and water of acceptable quality is essential for agricultural, industrial, domestic and commercial uses; in addition, most recreation is water based; therefore, major activities having potential effects on surface water are certain to be of appreciable concern to the consumers.
3.4.1.1 Sample Collection and Analysis
The water resources in the study area may be classified into two major categories i.e. Surface and Ground water sources
Water samples were collected at 16 locations, out of which 8 samples were selected from surface sources and 8 samples selected from ground water sources for physico- chemical and biological parameters. Parameters like pH, Temperature and TDS analysed at the time of sampling. For other Parameter analysis the samples were preserved as per the recommended techniques for various Elemental determinations as per `IS: 3025 (part I) 1987’. These parameters were analyzed as per the procedures specified in ‘Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater’ Published
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by American Public Health Association (APHA) / IS 3025. Ground water & Surface water samples results were compared with IS: 10500 specifications.
Method of Water Sampling
The following procedures were used while sampling:
9 Washing the bottles/cans with distilled water prior to the sampling 9 Before collection of water the bottles/cans are again washed 2-3 times with the same water. 9 For surface water, bottles were lowered to a minimum depth of 30 cm below water surface. 9 At each point different sets of water samples were collected so as cover all the parameters. 9 Proper attention is taken in proper numbering at the site. 9 Sterilized bottles were used for the samples that are to be analyzed for bacteria. 9 Civil supply water pipeline taps are sterilized before collection for bacteriological analysis 9 Parameters like pH, conductivity and temperature were analyzed in the field conditions and the results were reconfirmed after getting to the laboratory. DO is fixed in the field itself. Appropriate preservatives are added, depending upon the elements to be analyzed and marked accordingly (IS: 3025 (part I) 1987) 9 All the water samples collected in the ice box, were immediately transported to the laboratory and freezed at <5oC analysis 9 Field observations were noted in the field notebook 9 As far as possible photographs were taken in almost all sampling points. Sampling & analysis of all the parameters are as per APHA, 22nd Edition & IS: 3025.
Ground water & surface water sampling location is shown in Figure 3.7 A & 3.7 B, & Table 3.10. Photographs showing ground water & surface water sampling is shown in Figure 3.8. Results of monitoring are shown in Table 3.11 & 3.12.
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Figure 3.7 A: Map showing Ground water monitoring locations
1
Source : Google Earth
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Figure 3.7 B: Map showing Surface water monitoring locations
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Table 3.10: Surface & Ground Water Monitoring Locations
Sample Ground Water GPS Surface Water GPS location Location Coordinates Location Coordinates no. Kalyanpur 23° 3'25"N 23° 4'10"N 1 Near Project site (Shiyal) 72° 9'1"E 72° 8'48"E 23° 1'53"N 23° 1'51"N 2 Ogan Ogan pond 72°10'10"E 72°10'20"E 23° 4'53"N 23° 4'57"N 3 Sachana Sachana pond 72°10'24"E 72°10'24"E 23° 7'22"N 23° 6'20"N 4 Palli Narmada canal 72°10'19"E 72° 11'7"E 23° 5'8"N 23° 7'19"N 5 Jakhwada Palli pond 72° 8'10"E 72°10'20"E 23° 5'49"N 23° 5'8"N 6 Sokali Jakhwada pond 72° 6'25"E 72° 8'14"E 23° 3'22"N 23° 3'22"N 7 Karakthal Karakthal pond 72° 6 '44"E 72° 6'47"E Hindustan 23° 5'25"N Kalyanpur 23° 3'27"N 8 Gum Industries 72° 7'19"E (Shiyal) pond 72° 9'5"E (Jakhwada)
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Figure 3.8: Photograph showing ground & surface water sample collection
Village : Palli Village: Sokli Latitude : 23° 7'22"N Latitude : 23° 5'49"N Longitude : 72°10'19"E Longitude : 72° 6'25"E
Sachana Pond Karakthal Pond Latitude : 23° 4'57"N Latitude : 23° 3'22"N Longitude : 72°10'24"E Longitude : 72° 6'47"E
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Table 3.11: Water Quality – Physico Chemical Analysis of Ground Water
Sr. Hindustan Acceptable Permissible Parameters Shiyal Ogan Sachana Palli Jakhwada Sokli Karakthal No. Gum Limit Limit
No 1 pH 8.03 8.15 8.08 8.44 8.24 8.18 8.21 8.29 6.5-8.5 Relaxation
2 Temp (°C) 26.2 26.3 24.1 25 26.4 25.8 24.2 26.5 -- --
3 Color (cu) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) 5 15
4 EC (ΐS) 1588 1441 1559 1535 1612 1912 341 1724 -- --
5 DO (mg/L) 5.7 4.9 5.4 5.2 5.8 6.3 3.3 4.4
Turbidity 6 2.3 2.5 3.4 0.9 0.4 B.D.L(DL=0.1) 1.0 1.5 1 5 (NTU) Ammonical 7 Nitrogen 8.0 5.2 9.7 16.8 10.2 13.8 6.6 11.5 -- -- (mg/L) Chloride as Cl 8 294 441 390 380 279 558 30 287 250 1000 (mg/L) Total Hardness 9 as CaCO3 90 280 210 240 220 390 110 200 200 600 (mg/L) Ca Hardness 10 40 80.0 100.0 140 90.0 180.0 50.0 20.0 -- -- (mg/L)
Mg Hardness 11 50 200 110 100 130 210 60 180 -- -- (mg/L)
Calcium as Ca 12 16.0 32.1 40.1 56.1 36.1 72.1 20.0 8.0 75 200 (mg/L)
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Sr. Hindustan Acceptable Permissible Parameters Shiyal Ogan Sachana Palli Jakhwada Sokli Karakthal No. Gum Limit Limit
Magnesium as 13 12.2 48.6 26.7 24.3 31.6 48.6 14.6 43.7 30 100 Mg (mg/L)
Carbonate 14 B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) 35.4 B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) -- -- (mg/L)
Bicarbonate 15 180 270 189 108 225 103 225 216 -- -- (mg/L)
Nitrate as NO3 No 16 3.95 2.69 3.71 3.66 3.91 4.54 2.55 4.26 45 (mg/L) Relaxation
Fluoride as F 17 3.35 7.02 5.07 2.97 3.79 3.28 6.70 2.85 1 1.5 (mg/L)
Sodium as Na 18 187 185 108 102 118 146 35 132 -- -- (mg/L)
Potassium as K 19 75 73 77 57 34 33 7 70 -- -- (mg/L)
Boron as B 20 B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) 0.5 1 (mg/L)
Iron as Fe B.D.L No 21 B.D.L(DL=0.2) B.D.L(DL=0.2) B.D.L(DL=0.2) B.D.L(DL=0.2) B.D.L(DL=0.2) B.D.L(DL=0.2) B.D.L(DL=0.2) 0.3 (mg/L) (DL=0.2) Relaxation
B.D.L B.D.L 22 Phenol (mg/L) B.D.L(DL=0.01) B.D.L(DL=0.01) 0.021 B.D.L(DL=0.01) B.D.L(DL=0.01) 0.023 -- -- (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01)
Phosphate as 23 B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) -- -- P04-3 (mg/L)
Phosphorus as 24 B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) P (mg/L) -- --
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Sr. Hindustan Acceptable Permissible Parameters Shiyal Ogan Sachana Palli Jakhwada Sokli Karakthal No. Gum Limit Limit
Sulphate as SO4 25 107.1 96.8 110.6 87.6 99.5 136.1 12.6 36.6 200 400 (mg/L)
Nitrite as No2 B.D.L 26 B.D.L(DL=0.01) B.D.L(DL=0.01) 0.47 B.D.L(DL=0.01) B.D.L(DL=0.01) 0.46 B.D.L(DL=0.01) -- -- (mg/L) (DL=0.01)
27 TDS (mg/L) 1080 980.0 1060 1044 1096 1300 232 1172.0 500 2000
28 TSS (mg/L) 94 64 92 82 98 114 14 102 -- --
29 TS (mg/L) 1174 1044 1152 1126 1194 1414 246 1274 -- --
30 COD 49.02 69.0 45.00 94 27 B.D.L (DL=5) 118 24 -- --
31 BOD 14.7 20.7 13.5 28.1 7.3 1.2 35.5 7.0 -- --
Note: BDL = Below Detection Limit, D.L. = Detection Limit, NS = Not Specified : Permissible Limit is applicable in the absence of Alternate source
3.4.1.2 Baseline Status of Ground Water
The pH of the ground water samples varying from 8.03 to 8.44 which is within acceptable limit. Other parameters are found to be well within permissible limits. However, Flouride is found higher than permissible limit in all sampling locations. Overall, ground water is suitable for domestic activity including agricultural activity.
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Table 3.12: Water Quality – Physico Chemical Analysis of Surface Water
Sr. Sachana Narmada Acceptable Permissible Parameters Project site Ogan Lake Palli Jakhwada Karakthal Shiyal No. Lake Canal Limit Limit
No 1 pH 8.07 7.96 7.89 8.66 8.39 8.29 9.15 8.65 6.5-8.5 Relaxation
2 Temp (°C) 26.7 26.4 26.90 24.5 25.7 25.3 24.5 25.1 -- --
B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L 3 Color (cu) 5 15 (DL=5) (DL=5) (DL=5) (DL=5) (DL=5) (DL=5) (DL=5) (DL=5)
4 EC (ΐS) 718 1576 1506 600 1106 547 982 765 -- --
5 DO (mg/L) 3.8 4.8 4.70 2.9 4.5 3.1 4.0 3.6
Turbidity 6 2.9 3.8 3.50 2.7 3.6 2.0 3.1 3.0 1 5 (NTU) Ammonical 7 Nitrogen 1.9 1.6 1.23 1.0 4.2 2.1 1.4 0.9 -- -- (mg/L) Chloride as 8 132 218 355 101 142 127 120 139 250 1000 Cl (mg/L) Total Hardness as 9 120 150 530 140 160 120 190 90 200 600 CaCO3 (mg/L) Ca Hardness 10 33 60.0 180 53.33 130.0 50.0 100.0 30.0 -- -- (mg/L) Mg 11 Hardness 87 90 350 87 30 70 90 60 -- -- (mg/L)
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Sr. Sachana Narmada Acceptable Permissible Parameters Project site Ogan Lake Palli Jakhwada Karakthal Shiyal No. Lake Canal Limit Limit
Calcium as 12 13.4 24.0 72.14 21.4 52.1 20.0 40.1 12.0 75 200 Ca (mg/L) Magnesium 13 as Mg 21.1 21.9 85.05 21.1 7.3 17.0 21.9 14.6 30 100 (mg/L) Carbonate 14 B.D.L ( Dl=5) B.D.L ( Dl=5) B.D.L ( Dl=5) 26.4 28.3 B.D.L ( Dl=5) 29.9 28.1 -- -- (mg/L)
Bicarbonate 15 72 108 75.60 79 83 40 90 86 -- -- (mg/L)
Nitrate as No 16 3.40 1.67 2.19 1.03 1.53 1.12 1.0 1.04 45 NO3 (mg/L) Relaxation
Fluoride as F B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L 17 1 1.5 (mg/L) (DL=0.2) (DL=0.2) (DL=0.2) (DL=0.2) (DL=0.2) (DL=0.2) (DL=0.2) (DL=0.2)
Sodium as 18 59 110 75.00 50 81 42 65 68 -- -- Na (mg/L)
Potassium as 19 7 12 8.00 5 10 4 8 7 -- -- K (mg/L)
Boron as B 20 B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) 0.5 1 (mg/L)
Iron as Fe B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L No 21 0.3 (mg/L) (DL=0.2) (DL=0.2) (DL=0.2) (DL=0.2) (DL=0.2) (DL=0.2) (DL=0.2) (DL=0.2) Relaxation
Phenol B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L 22 0.03 0.034 -- -- (mg/L) (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01) Phosphate 23 as Po4 -3 B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) 3.93 B.D.L(DL=1) 3.21 3.06 B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) -- -- (mg/L)
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Sr. Sachana Narmada Acceptable Permissible Parameters Project site Ogan Lake Palli Jakhwada Karakthal Shiyal No. Lake Canal Limit Limit
Phosphorus 24 B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) 1.31 B.D.L(DL=1) 1.07 1.02 B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) -- -- as P (mg/L)
Sulphate as 25 67.5 80.3 56.40 24.8 50.4 12.4 53.4 27.8 200 400 SO4 (mg/L)
Nitrite as B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L 26 4.03 -- -- NO2 (mg/L) (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01)
27 TDS (mg/L) 488 1072.0 1024.0 408 752 372 668 520.0 500 2000
28 TSS (mg/L) 36 74 42.0 36 46 28 38 32 -- --
29 TS (mg/L) 524 1146 1066.0 444 798 400 706 552 -- --
30 COD 143 302 216.00 147 208 228 118 135 -- --
31 BOD 42.8 90.6 64.90 44.1 62.4 68.5 35.5 40.4 -- --
Note: BDL = Below Detection Limit, NS = Not Specified, D.L. = Detection Limit
3.4.1.3 Baseline Status of Surface Water
The pH of the Surface Water samples varying from 7.89 to 9.15. pH is found higher than permissible limit in Narmada Canal, Karakthal pond & Shiyal pond. Other parameters are found to be well within permissible limits. Overall, surface water is suitable for domestic activity including agricultural activity.
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3.5 Soil Environment
Natural soils are the product of physical and chemical weathering of rocks. The physical properties are formed during the course of formation and the subsequent existence is depending upon the topography, hydro meteorological condition and human interference. Soil characteristics of a terrain are more important aspects since they play a major role in ground water recharge and meet the basic needs of all agricultural production.
3.5.1 Soil Type
Soil type in Ahmedabad district is of 4 types as follows :
Black Soils: Black soils cover the southern part of Dholka and eastern part of Dhandhuka taluka popularly known as „Bhalெ tract, where cotton is grown in the initial stage of monsoon. It is not very clayey and contains above 20% of clay and about 40 % of sand. Sub-soil invariably contains horizons of lime nodules. This type of soil is highly suitable for cultivation of rabi wheat, which is the main crop raised on this soil. If rains are sufficient in the late monsoon, rabi jowar and grams are sown. Medium Black Soils are found in Viramgam, Sanand and Dholka talukas. This soil is suitable for growing bajri, jowar and cotton.
Goradu Soils: Goradu soils vary from fertile brown to sandy loam and is found in City, Dascroi and parts of Sanand, Dholka and Viramgam talukas. This soil is mostly fertile and responds very well to irrigation and manuring. Practically all kinds of crops can grow on this soil.
Kyari: Kyari soils are found in several parts of City, Dascroi, Sanand, Dholka and Viramgam talukas. It is the most fertile soil with very good moisture and retentive capacity. Well known varieties of paddy such as Pankali, kamod, Jirasar, Sukhvel, Sutarsal and Basumati are grown on this soil.
Rocky soils: Rocky soils are found in Dhandhuka taluka and is known as Kaner tract. It is shallow, light in texture and fit for early maturing crops like cotton, Bajri, Jowar and Math.
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3.5.2 Methodology of Sample Collection and Analysis
For soil quality analysis 8 sampling sites were chosen to understand physico-chemical and biological status of the soil. Sampling sites selected for sample collection are marked in Figure 3.9 and photographs showing soil sampling is shown in Figure 3.10. This will establish the baseline characteristics and will facilitate identifying the contamination if any due to the proposed project.
Collection of soil samples and analysis
Disturbed soil samples were collected from the rotary cuttings and bailers and also from split spoon samplers. Un-disturbed tube samples were collected using thin walled tubes. Soil samples were collected such that structure and moisture content of the soil do not get altered. In accordance with IS: 2720, split samples were carefully extracted from the samplers.
Meticulous was paid to collect adequate amount of composite soil samples for analysis. The samples were packed in dependable, waterproof containers and marking specified accurately and distinctly. All the soil samples and core boxes were carefully transported to the testing laboratory. Soil sampling and analysis has been done as per the Indian Standard IS – 2720. Results of soil monitoring is shown in Table : 3.14.
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Figure 3.9: Map showing Soil Sampling Locations
1
Table 3.13: Soil Sampling Location
Sampling GPS Coordinates Distance Direction Located Location Name Location no. (km) in 23° 4'12.62"N 1 Project Site 0 - Centre 72° 8'46.92"E 23° 4'21.20"N 2 Kalyanpura 7.56 NE DW (P) 72°8'0.14"E 23° 4'40.00"N 3 Sachana 2.69 ENE DW 72°08'20.87"E 23° 3'18.93"N 4 Karakthal 3.4 WSW UW 72° 6'55.12"E 23° 0'59.89"N 5 Liya 8.18 SW UW (P) 72° 5'55.15"E 23° 5'15.46"N 6 Jakhwada 1.55 NW CW 72° 8'1.15"E 7 Kalyanpur 23° 3'26"N 1.32 SSE CW
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Sampling GPS Coordinates Distance Direction Located Location Name Location no. (km) in (Shiyal) 72° 8'59"E Hansalpur 23° 4'73.9"N 8 8.16 WNW CW Sereshwar 72° 10'41.9"E
Figure 3.10: Photograph showing soil sample collection
Location : Project Site Location : Sachana Latitude : 23° 4' 12.62" N Latitude : 23° 4' 40.00" N Longitude : 72° 8' 46.92" E Longitude : 72° 08' 20.87" E
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Table 3.14: Physico-Chemical Characteristic of Soil
Results Sr. Test Parameters Project Kalyanpura No. Jakhwada Karakthal Hansalpur Kalyanpura Sachana Liya site (Shiyal)
1 pH 9.85 8.12 7.66 9.18 8.04 8.36 7.98 8.00
2 EC (ms/cm) 0.65 0.38 2.24 0.08 3.82 2.30 0.36 4.12
3 Moisture (%) 1.79 1.44 2.28 4.13 2.58 3.19 2.09 3.82 Organic Matter 4 2.20 3.57 1.29 1.08 1.52 2.12 3.22 1.72 (%) Organic Carbon 5 1.28 2.07 0.75 0.63 0.88 1.23 1.87 1.00 (%) Water Holding 6 60.45 59.35 36.51 50.36 39.24 53.58 40.44 64.70 capacity (%) Cation Exchange 7 Capacity 29.86 39.96 59.30 78.07 49.93 69.85 29.84 69.73 (meq/100gm) Available B.D.L. B.D.L. B.D.L. 8 Phosphorous 1.32 3.04 2.82 1.75 1.97 (DL=1) (DL=1) (DL=1) (mg/kg) Calcium 9 4.88 4.80 3.71 5.10 4.38 5.50 5.37 5.69 (meq/100gm)
Magnesium 10 5.28 6.00 5.66 7.19 4.68 5.70 6.27 6.89 (meq/100gm)
11 Sodium (mg/g) 2.44 1.85 4.10 6.59 3.84 4.80 2.83 6.19
Potassium 12 2.04 1.70 3.85 5.20 3.69 4.40 2.29 4.89 (mg/g)
Total Nitrogen 13 10.39 13.96 15.87 17.28 15.23 16.1 12.55 16.06 (%) Note: BQL: Below Quantification Limit
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3.5.3 Data Interprettion of Soil Quality
The soils of project site and Karakthal village have pH more than 8.5 indicating that the soils are highly alkaline in nature. pH values of remaining soil samples ranging from 7.66 to 8.36 revealing moderately alkaline soils.
EC values of soil sample of project site, Shiyal, Karakthal & Sachana are normal, while EC values of soil sample of Jakhwada, Hansalpur, Kalyanpur & Liya villages are slightly saline in nature.
Organic Carbon content of soil sample of jakhwada village is medium while Organic Carbon content of soil sample of remaining villages is high. It reveals that potential of soil to supply Nitrogen to plants is high.
All soil samples are low in available Phosphorus and Potassium. Calcium & Magnesium salts are observed more than the critical levels. Water holding capacity of all soil samples is good because of medium black soil.
Conclusion :
Soils of all village need balanced use of fertilizers.
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3.6 Geo-Hydrological Features
Figure 3.11: Photograph showing visit for HG
¾Introduction
Repaid urban, growth and its continuous expansion around Viramgam Town, Dist. Ahmedabad has created problems related to water supply, Sewerage/ effluent disposal leading to ground water depletion and pollution. The present report in corporate hydrogeology and ground water scenario based on the scientific information with special reference to Recharge Activity in Viramgam Town to envisage appropriate remedial measures keeping environmental impact of Viramgam Town development in view.
¾ General Information of Viramgam Town
9 Total Number of Villages =118 9 Total Area of Taluka in sq. km.= 1713.90 9 Saline Area = 442.80 sq. km. 9 Fresh Water Area = 1271.10 sq. km. 9 Hard rock area = NIL 9 Aluminum area = 1713.90 sq. km. 9 Feasibility = Deep tubewell 9 Quality of Groundwater = Brackish water & potable and partly saline water
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¾ Geology
The area forms part of North Gujarat Alluvial Plain with elevations ranging from 40 to 50 m MSL. The area is under laid by post Miocene alluvium comprising sand, gravel, silt and clay. The alluvium is about 400 m thick under laid by tertiary formation. The alluvium mainly consists of palaeo deltaic, fluvial and Aeolian sediments, comprising alternate bands of fine to course grained sand, gravel and yellowish brownish sticky clay.
¾ Land / Soil Characteristic
The sub soil condition below the existing ground level is almost uniform in nature. Sub soil is composed of Clay mixed with little fine grained silty sand, moram and Kankar with low resistivity due to clay and soil moisture. The area is covered with recent to sub recent alluvial deposits comprising of brownish clay mixed with little fine grained sand, silty sand. The Soil below ground level consists of top silty low plastic soil layer having no swelling nature. Blackish brown to yellowish brown clayey silt or sand silt layer extends to the depth of 2 to 3 mts.
¾ Climate
The climate of the area is semi arid and is characterized by a hot summers and general dryness except during the South west monsoon between the months June and September. There is a meteorological observatory at Ahmedabad manned by IMD. May is the hottest month with mean daily maximum temperature of 41.3 0 C. and the mean daily minimum temperature of 26.30 C. The highest maximum and lowest minimum temperature recorded at Ahmedabad are 47.80 C (1961) and 2.20 C respectively. The area has semi arid climate with drought frequency of 34%
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¾ Rain Fall Table 3.15: Rainfall Data of the Region
Rainfall Data Rainfall Data in Descending Order Sr. No. Year Rainfall in mm Year Rainfall in mm 1 1991 736 2005 1133 2 1992 557 2010 1111 3 1993 928 2006 1006 4 1994 842 1993 928 5 1995 435 1994 842 6 1996 531 2007 822 7 1997 712 2011 806 8 1998 691 2013 772 9 1999 557 2008 763 10 2000 614 2003 756 11 2001 711 1991 736 12 2002 193 1997 712 13 2003 756 2001 111 14 2004 600 1998 691 15 2005 1133 2014 656 16 2006 1006 2000 614 17 2007 822 2004 600 18 2008 763 2017 594 19 2009 428 1992 557 20 2010 1111 1999 557 21 2011 806 1996 531 22 2012 440 2012 440 23 2013 772 1995 435 24 2014 656 2009 428 25 2015 403 2015 403 26 2016 248 2016 248 27 2017 594 2002 193
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Dependable Rainfall = N X P = 25 X 40= 10th year i.e. = 736 mm
Average Rainfall:- 1980-1990 = 690 mm 1990-2000 = 662 mm 2000-2010 = 666 mm
30 years of average Rainfall : 674 mm
¾ Geohydrology
The litho logical logs of exploratory bore holes, electrical logging results by govt. agencies in and around Viramgam Town have been studied to understand the subsurface geology and the aquifer system. These bore holes have penetrated the thick sequence of post Miocene sediments down to 300 + m depth.
The hydro geological cross sections have been prepared by CGWB to study the subsurface geology and aquifer system in the area. It is reveals that the existence of multilayered aquifer system, within a depth of 300 + m bgl.
¾ Drainage Pattern
The area has a drainage pattern which is of the parallel and trellis type and which is controlled by the topography and structure and tectonics of the region. All the small streams flow from the higher grounds and meet ultimately area Drainage which flow from north east direction to south west direction near project area. The area Drainage ultimately meets with Nal Sarovar.
Area has diverse landscape made up of small hills, valley, drainage flow, Platue and alluvium plain. The terrain slope is southly in the north and westernly in the south number of major river drains the area. Due to terrain constraint it is necessary to adopt proper soil conservation and sand water development and management practice for w/s in sustained basis. Because of short span of monsoon season and limited storage capacity and rapid cut flow for hard rock aquifers, that is need to provide ground water recharge facilities to supplement its which drawl at a time of summer.
As various components of the hydrologic system-Catchment runoff, base flow and ground water an integrated at the level of river basins, river basin should be the unit of
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governance and management of water resource such a system of governance will ensure integration of physical sustainability consideration and the social economical and environmental consideration in water resources management planning which ultimately result in good governance.
¾ Ground Water Condition
In the area under investigation, ground water occurs both under phreatic and confined condition in aranaceous horizons. The occurrence and movement of ground water is mainly controlled by primary porosity of intergranular pore spaces. Ground water is being developed extensively by means of Tube well from deep confined aquifers for water supply both in domestic, industrial and agricultural sector.
Table 3.16: Status of ground water development in District: Ahmedabad & Viramgam Taluka, Gujarat (2011)
Sr. Ahmedabad Viramgam Details No. Dist. (MCM) Taluka (MCM) 1. Total annual ground water recharge 616.86 51.22 2. Net annual ground water availability 583.09 48.66 3. Total annual ground water draft 456.94 39.60 4. Projected demand for domestic and 95.97 4.37 industrial up to 2025 5. Ground water availability for future 127.40 8.35 irrigation 6. Stage of ground water development (%) 78.36 81.38 7. Category Semi Critical Semi Critical
¾ Depth of Ground Water Table
Shallow aquifer (Phreatic) development (up to 30m depth) in the area is limited due to rapid urbanization inferior quality and low yields. Depth of water level in these tubewell ranges from 10 to 20 mts. yield of wells is moderate and quality of ground water is variable and ranges from fresh to saline.
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I. Confined Aquifers
Deep tubewell tapping confined aquifers are the main ground water withdrawal structure. Due to rapid urban growth, heavy ground water exploitation has resulted in progressive lowering of potential head and discharges. Depths of tubewell have increased from about 150 m inlate sixties to more than 300 m at present. Depth to water level in confined aquifers ranged from 90 m to 100 m. Discharge for tubewell ranged from 15 lps to 35 lps for 3 m to 10 m of draw downs. The specific capacity of these wells ranges from 1 lps/m to 12 lps/m. Aquifer transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity varies from about 100 to 2000 m2/day and 1 m/day to 78 m/day respectively. Ground water quality in deeper aquifer generally varies from 800 to 2000 TDS.
II. Water level Fluctuation
Large scale development of ground water from deep aquifers has resulted in progressive decline in water levels. Presently the pumping water level rest more than 75 m below ground level and as a consequence discharge has reduced or pumping costs have increased. The rate of decline varies from 2.06 m/yr to 2.136 m/yr.
¾ Feasibility of Source at the project area:-
Around Viramgam Town is checked on ground water prospect map, prepared by National Remote sensing Agency, Dept. of space, G.O.I Hyderabad map sheet no 46A04 for feasibility of source. The details are as under. ¾ Hydro geomorphic unit APD 121 ¾ Geological sequence :- Recent Alluvium ( Sand & Silt Dominant) (121) ¾ APD - 121 Alluvium Plain Deep (28 Tubewells) 9 Depth of water level :- 60 to 158 mts. 9 Recharge condition :- Moderate 9 Aquifer material L.S. Loose Sediments 9 Type of well suitable :- T.W.-tubewell, 9 Depth of tubewell :- 230 to 250 mts. yield :- 200 to 400 LPM 9 Homogeneity in the unit :- Moderate
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9 Quality of water :- P. Portable 9 Ground water irrigated area :- 3 to 5 % 9 Recharge structure suitable :- RW & DT.T.W High priority 9 R.W. – Recharge Well & D.T. Desilting of Tank, T.W Tubewell. 9 Problems/limitations of the area;- Eolian sand occurring on the top in the form of dunes. The thickness is insignificant. High Priority to recharge structures due to over exploitation. Fluoride content is reported at few places.
Figure 3.12: Ground Water Prospect Map
Proposed project site M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP
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3.7 Land Use Status
Figure 3.13 A: Photograph showing visit for LU
¾ Introduction
The land-use & land cover map of the 10 km radius study area from the project site has been prepared using Sentinel Satellite imageprocured from NRSC (National Remote sensing Centre), Hyderabad. Land use pattern of the study area as well as the catchment area was carried out by standard methods of analysis of remotely sensed data and followed by ground truth collection (Bench mark) and interpretation of satellite data. The outcome of land use study has been presented below in subsequent table and figures. The data was processed through Q-GIS Software tools available with ESRI Package. The Land use map of the 10 Km study area is presented in Figure 3.14.
¾ Land use & land cover classification results
Land Cover is the physical material at the surface of the earth (it include grass, asphalt, trees, bare ground, water, etc.) whereas Land use is the human use of land. Land Use involves the management and modification of natural environment or wilderness into built environment such as fields, pastures, and settlements. It has also been defined as "the arrangements, activities and inputs people undertake in a certain land cover type toproduce, change or maintain it".
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There is no one ideal classification of land use and land cover, and i t is unlikely that one couldever be developed. There are different perspectives in the classification process, and theprocess itself tends to be subjective, even when an objective numerical approach is used.
Concepts concerning land cover and land use activity are closely related and in many caseshave been used interchangeably. The purposes for which lands are being used commonlyhave associated types of cover, whether they are forest, agricultural, residential, or industrial.
Remote sensing image-forming devices do not record activity directly. The remote sensoracquires a response which is based on many characteristics of the land surface, includingnatural or artificial cover. The interpreter uses color, tones, textures, shapes, size, patterns, and site associations to derive information about land use activities from what is basically information about land cover.
To begin with, there is considerable diversity of opinion about what constitutes land use, although present use of land is one of the characteristics that are widely recognized assignificant for planning and management purposes. The classification must bescientifically defensible presenting a logical progression of its applicability over large areas, amenable for use with remote sensor data. The classification scheme is adopted for extractinginformation for on most possible land use/land cover classes in general and all theagricultural seasons in particular and hence enable to repeat the process at regular time intervals.
The present Land use / Land cover map for the proposed project activity is prepared bycurrent vintage of satellite image. This report thus will enable assessing the impact on landuse pattern in the study area due to the proposed project activity.
(A) DATA USED
Current vintage data of Indian Remote Sensing satellite Sentinel Satellite imageFCC (FalseColor Composite) has been used for preparation of Land use/ Land cover thematic map ofstudy area. Survey of Indiatoposheet as a reference map on 1:50,000 scale has been used forpreparation of base layer data like road, rail network, village and mine site and for georeferencing of satellite image.
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Technical Details
¾ Satellite Image - Sentinel Satellite image ¾ Satellite Data Source - NRSC, Hyderabad ¾ Software Used - Earth Resources Data Analysis System (ERDAS) Imagine and QGis.
(B) METHODOLOGY
Land use / Land cover map preparation, Base map creation; Geometric and Radiometriccorrection of satellite image has been processed using ERDAS Imagine Software.
Salient features of the adopted methodology are given below:
¾ Acquisition of satellite data. ¾ Preparation of base map from Survey of India toposheets. ¾ Data analysis using visual interpretation techniques. ¾ Ground truth studies or field checks. ¾ Finalization of the map. ¾ Digitization using heads up vectorisation method. ¾ Area calculation for statistics generation.
(C) INTERPRETATION OF REMOTE SENSING DATA
Satellite images are composed of array of grid, each grid has a numeric value that is known asdigital number. Smallest unit of this grid is known as a pixel that captures reflectance ofground features represented in terms of Digital number, each representing specific landfeatures. Using image classification technique, the satellite data is converted into thematic information, map based on the user’s knowledge about the ground area. Hybrid technique hasbeen used i.e. visual interpretation and digital image processing for identification of differentland use and vegetation cover classes based on spectral signature of geographic feature.
Spectral signature represents various land use classes. Image interpretation keys are developed based on image characteristics like color, tone, size, shape, texture, pattern, shadow, association etc, which enables interpretation of satellite images for ground feature.Training sites are then assigned based on their spectral signature and interpretationelements. Using image classification algorithm land use map is generated.
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A total of seven land use/land cover classes have been demarcated in the study area following Level I, II and III classification (Table 3.17). A thematic map suitable for 1:25,000 scale map generation incorporating these classified categories has been prepared and considering that the area of the project is considerably small a large scale map is prepared (Fig.1). The area as a whole represents plain area with very gentle sloping to nearly level area&to the north of area flowing from south to northand it is also observed that the major stream i .e. (Jakhwada Reservoir) are linked with these two main drainage thatdebouche into the gulf of khambhat. mining / industries area as 2.31 sq.km.the total land area of scrub landcovered 23.00 sq.km and 270.38 sq km area covered under agriculture land as well as Agriculture plantation 0.30 sq km has developed mainly in the area adjacent to the rivers.Transportationas 1.32 sq. km.
The adjoining area of project site is totally agricultural land including Kharif, Rabi and Summer crop, constitute the dominant category of land use covering as much as 270.38 sq km of the total area. Active river canal forming the perennial water body together with the numerous open & wastelands form a major and minor land cover category. Active river and its tributaries flowing into it cover about 4.8sq km of the total project area. Due to large seasonal variation in discharge of these rivers, the area coverage of this category various in space and time. The consistently shifting nature of the (canal name) and consequent bank migration has resulted in large uncultivated & rural settlement along the active plain area towards the site location. These areas (4.53 sq km) are village pond and waterbody (Reservoir) in the development area of the project site and are located within the uncultivated land areas significant distribution. The land use for settlement is mostly confined to the ‘rural and urban settlement’ (built up-rural) 4.24 sq km and land without scrub feature 3.19 sq km of the total area & as such there is nocurrent fallow land because the satellite used is of March month when most of the crop is towards senence or maturity.
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Table : 3.17 Land Use / Land Cover Classification
Sr. No. Discription Area in KM2 Percentage % 1 Mixed settlement 4.24 1.33 2 Mining / Industrial 2.31 0.74 3 Transportation 1.32 0.42 4 Crop land 270.38 86.06 5 Agriculture plantation 0.30 0.10 6 Waterlogged 0.82 0.26 7 Scrub land Dense 3.19 1.01 8 Scrub land Opne 23.00 7.32 9 River / Stream / Drain 0.35 0.11 10 Canal 3.73 1.19 11 Lakes / Ponds 4.53 1.44 Total Area in KM2 314.17 100
Figure 3.13 B: Pie Chart showing Land Use Land Cover of the 10 km study area
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Figure 3.14: Land use and Land cover map of the 10 km radius of the study area
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Figure 3.15: Satellite Image of the 10 km radius of the study area
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Figure 3.16: Infrastructure Map of the 10 km radius of the study area
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3.7.1 Topography
The topographic feature & drainage pattern of the study area has been studied from SRTM3, data having resolution of 3 arc seconds. The Toposheet have been analysed using QGIS application to generate the contour line at interval of 10Kms considering one elevated area in the study region. Further, the digital elevation data have been analysed to determine the slope & elevation profiles of the each individual villages of the study area as well as whole study area to ascertain the landform of the villages and study area.
It has been observed that the major area of study area is levelled plain to nearly level with small slopes. Two areas in the study region have been noticed with considerably gentle slope near village Jakhwada making the landform of small slopes indicating small plain with the elevation profile. Over all slope direction of the study area is noticed towards south to north.
The maximum elevation and higher slope is found near northern part of Jakhwada, Kalyanpur, and Sokali village where a medium height is situated. The generated streams indicated that the most of the area are covered by two main streamie (Jakhwada Reservoir) flowing from East to North. Topography of the area is characterized by dominating plain area with very gentle sloping to nearly level area.
DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL
Digital Elevation Models are data files that contain the elevation of the terrain over a specified area, usually at a fixed grid interval over the "Bare Earth". The intervals between each grid points will always be referenced to some geographical coordinate system. This is usually either latitude-longitude or UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) coordinate systems. The closer are together the grid points, more detailed information will be in the file. The detail s of the peaks and valleys in the terrain will be better modelled with small grid spacing than when the grid intervals are very large. Elevations other than at the specific grid point locations are not contained in the file. As a result peak points and valley points not coinciding with the gridwill not is recorded in the file. For practical purpose this "Bare Earth" DEM is generally synonymous with a Digital Terrain Model (DTM)
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(A) DATA USED
DEM Data : Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) data Software Used : ERDAS Imagine &Q - GIS.
PHYSIOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE PATTERN
The area of the project site is located in the Northern part of Ahmedabad District of Gujarat state. Topography of the area is characterized by very gentle sloping area to level to nearly level. A Seasonal, i .e. (Jakhwada Reservoir) through the study area and merges Gulf of khambhat.
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Figure 3.17: Topography Map of the 10 km radius of the study area
3.8 Ecology
In order to understand the status of biodiversity (flora and fauna) in different habitats in and around M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP project area, the field work was carried out during September 2018.
3.8.1 Macro Level Approach- Secondary Data Collection
x After first consultation with client we had discussed with our team and
standerdised our approach for each component of project.
x We received all site specific information including maps, toposheets, project
related documents etc. from client.
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x Collection and collation of project related secondary information from our EIA
coordinator of consultant.
x Rapid survey of the project area to identify existing major habitat types within it
(Wilderness area-Wasteland & Gauchar land; Agriculture & Road side habitation;
and Wetlands including village ponds, tanks, nallah and riverine etc.).
3.8.2 Micro Level Approach- Field Data Collection
x After various meeting with project authority and consultant, we finalized our
field-level approach and methodology for collection of primary biodiversity
related data.
x This fileld approach involved mainly the survey-based primary data collection on
various biodiversity components of the project objectives.
x The field data collection mainly included biodiversity assessment of different life
forms of floral speies such as; trees, shrubs & climbers, herbs and grass. Faunal
diversity was also assessed by inventorying the major group like herpetofauna,
birds and mammals.
x For biodiversity assessment we followed standered methods for each component
like for plants survey, we laid a plots at various site specific habitat and
paramulated method been employed to document each plant species with their
phonological and other important details like medicinal value from local villagers,
associated habitat, local name etc.
x While, for bird species survey, we followed total count method for aquatic species
(Bhupathy 1991) and point counted survey (Bibby et al., 1992) employed to survey
terrestrial species. In case of herpetofauna, method suggested by Welsh (1987)
been employed and intensive time constrained search been employed for each
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dominant habitat. Daniels (1992) and Burnham et al., (1980) methods been
followed to search mammalian species through direct count and indirect count,
respectively.
Figure 3.18: Photographs Showing Surrounding Habitat
Lapwing Common Kingfisher
Ficus religiosa (Piplo) Kothimba (Vegetables) in Twiner
3.8.2.1 Floral Status
Status of floral diversity was assessed in representative habitats of each type like; wastelands which include: open scrub, gauchar land and Prosopis juliflora thickets, semi-wilderness area, agricultural hedge, near human habitation, plantation, stream and river beds and wetlands (inland).
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3.8.2.2 Faunal Status
Herpetofauna
Status of herpetofauna was assessed using Intensive Time Constrained Search Method covering different micro habitats (Welsh, 1987, Welsh and Lind 1991). This intensive search was made in different habitat types randomly selected.
Birds
Avifaunal status was assessed both in terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Total count or flock count method was adopted to assess the status of aquatic birds in the existing water bodies (Sridharan 1989 and Bhupathy 1991). Point count method was used to assess the status of terrestrial birds (Bibby et al., 1992 and Hutto et al., 1986). The second technique adopted was area search method (Dieni and Jones 2002), a time area constrained survey technique that has been widely and commonly used in several bird monitoring programs.
Mammals
Status and distribution of different mammal species was quantified using Direct count Vehicle transects (travelling between the sampling location) (Burnham et al. 1980) and indirect evidences within the survey areas (Rodgers 1988 and Sale and Berkmuller, 1988). Indirect evidences like, Pellet, dung, tracks (Thommpson et al 1989, Allen et al 1996), scat count (Henke and knowlton 1995) and other signs were enumerated using standered method for nocturnal species (Daniels 1992). Presence of different faunal species was also substantiated by interviewing the local people and experts with pictorial representation.
3.8.3 Biodiversity Status
This section discuses the ecological status of biota for the M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP. The baseline status of biota (plant and animals) discussed at various site-specific as well as habitat specific. Several time also discuused with local communities to collect various information relating to existing biodiversity in and around the project
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sites and same also benn confirmed through available literature on taluka and distirct level with form of published and un-published references.
3.8.3.1 Biodiversity Status - Flora
͘ Taxonomical Status
Within the sample plots of the study areas, a total of 127 plant species belong to 114 genera and 51 families were recorded. In addition, dicotyledons are dominant plant group and representated by 114 species (89.47%) (Table 3.18). In addition, maximum species (76 Nos.) were recorded from agriculture & road side habitat and followed by wasteland/habitation/gauchar land habitat (70 species) and wetland/riverine areas (51 species) (Annexure - 6). Diversity H’ shows very similar pattern of distribution of plant species in study areas including close to project location and after 5 kms. Radius from proposed site. Overall diversity of floral species are 3.78 at landscape level and very close to buffer areas of proposed location, is 3.46; shows similar plan communities and association available in areas.
Table 3.18: Taxonomic Status of Plant Species
Taxonomical Dicotyledons Monocotyledons Overall status Families 48 3 51 Genera 101 13 114 Species 115 12 127 Relative % 90.55 % 9.45 % 100 % EĞĂƌWƌŽũĞĐƚ ϱƚŽϭϬŬŵƐ͘ƌĂĚŝŝ KǀĞƌĂůů >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶĐůŽƐĞ ĂŶĚĂƌĞĂƐĂĨƚĞƌ ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ ƚŽϱŬŵƐ͘ƌĂĚŝŝ ĐŽƌĞnjŽŶĞ Ăƚ ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ůĞǀĞů ŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ,͛ ϯ͘ϭϯ ϯ͘ϰϲ ϯ͘ϳϴ
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͘ Status of Life Form
Study area reported 127 plant species and they formed 13 sub-categories of lifeforms within five main categories. Among the life forms, herb was dominated by recording 50 species and contributed maximum of 39.37% of the total list of plants followed by trees (33 species and 25.98%). Third dominating life form was shrub species (24) and shared 18.90%. The contribution other life forms was less than 10% of the species list (Table 3.19).
Table 3.19: Life Form Status of Plant Species
Life Form Nos. Relative % Herb Aquatic Herb 1 50 39.37 Herb 49 Grass Grass 11 12 9.45 Sedge 1 Climber Climber 4 Parasite 1 8 6.30 Twiner 2 Woody Twiner 1 Shrub Under Shrub 6 Shrub 13 24 18.90 Straggling 5 Shrub Tree Tree 26 33 25.98 Small Tree 7 TOTAL 127 127 100.00
͘ Common/ Domestic Tree Species
A total of 12 common tree species were identified with a total of 33 trees within the sample plots of the study area. Among the species, Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica and Cassia siamea was enumerated maximum times in and around the settlement areas (Table 3.20 & Annexure - 6).
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Table 3.20: Common Tree Species
Sr.No Species Name Local Name Habit Family Acacia nilotica (L.) Del. subsp. Deshi Baval, Tree Mimosaceae 1 indica(Bth.) Brenan Bavar 2 Albizia lebbeck (L.) Bth. Karo Sirish Tree Mimosaceae Limbdo, Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Tree Meliaceae 3 Neem 4 Cassia siamea Lam. Kasid Tree Caesalpiniaceae 5 Cordia gharaf (Forsk.) E.&.A. Gundi Tree Ehretiaceae 6 Delonix regia (Boj.) Raf. Gulmohor Tree Caesalpiniaceae 7 Derris indica (Lam.) Bennet Karanj Tree Fabaceae 8 Ficus benghalensis L. Vad Tree Moraceae Leucaena latisiliqua (L.) Wt. & 9 Arn. Liso Bavar Tree Mimosaceae 10 Mangifera indica L. Keri Tree Anacardiaceae Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) 11 Backer ex Heyne Tamrafali Tree Caesalpiniaceae 12 Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thw. Asopalav Tree Annonaceae
͘ Wild/Forest Tree Species
Within the study area only 3 wild/forest tree species have been recorded which were belonging to 2 families and 3 genera. Since the area are dominant with agriculture habitat, and hence, very few trees were recorded under this category Table 3.21 & Annexure - 6) and it indicates low density of wild tree species in and around the study area.
Table 3.21: Wild/Forest Tree Species
Sr.No Species Name Local Name Habit Family Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Harmo Bavar Tree Mimosaceae 1 Willd. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Kesudo, Tree Fabaceae 2 Taub. Khakharo Prosopis cineraria (L.) Khijado, Hangar Tree Mimosaceae 3 Druce
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͘ Status of Agriculture Crops
Based on the intensive field survey in and around the agricultural area and dialogue with the local farmers a total of 8 species have been listed from the study area as crop species. Fruit and vegetable crops were found cultivated along the agricultural hedges in a small extent of area Table 3.22 & Annexure - 6) In the study area, Kapas (Gossypium herbaceum), Bajri (Pennisetum typhoides) and Ghahun (Triticum asetivum) are the major crops cultivated extensively.
Table 3.22: List of Agriculture and Commercial Crop Species Recorded
Local Sr.No Species Name Habit Family Season Name Small Citrus limon (L.) Burm. Limbu Rutaceae 1 Tree All Gossypium herbaceum auct. Non L. var. Kapas Shrub Malvaceae acerifolium (Guill. & 2 Perr.) Chevalier Monsoon Momordica charantia Karela Climber Cucurbitaceae 3 L. All Pennisetum typhoides Bajri, Summer Grass Poaceae 4 A. Rich. Bajaro Monsoon 5 Through Interviewed Ghahun Grass Poaceae Winter 6 Through Interviewed Tal Herb Pedaliaceae Monsoon 7 Through Interviewed Mag Phali Herb Fabaceae Monsoon 8 Through Interviewed Jovar Herb Poaceae Monsoon
In addition, vegetable like Fansi, Marcha, Dudhi etc. also recorded at few areas from this landscape.
3.8.3.2 Biodiversity - Status of Fauna
͘ Herpetofauna
The buffer zone area covering 5 km radius reported overall 7 species belong to 7 genus and 6 families. Within the buffer zone, among the habitats types maximum of five species were enered along the Machchhu River (discussed and collected
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information from local people) followed by three species in agriculture areas and two species in other habitats (Table 3.23).
Table 3.23: Taxonomical Status of Herpetofauna
Family & Species name Common and Local Name IUCN Status FROGS/ Ranidae Euphlyctis LR-nt Skittering Frog (Dedako) 1 cyanophlyctis LIZARDS/ Gekkonidae Hemidactylus Spotted Indian House Gecko LR-lc 2 brookii (Garodi) AGAMIDS/ Agamidae 3 Calotes versicolor Indian Garden Lizard (Kachindo) LR-nt 4 Sitana ponticeriana Fan-Throated Lizard (Kachindi) LR-lc SNAKES/ Boidae 5 Eryx johnii Eastern Red Sand Boa (Dhomalo) LR-lc SNAKES/ Colubridae 6 Ptyas mucosa Indian Rat Snake (Nag) LR-nt TURTLES/ Trionychidae 7 Indian Mud or Flap-shell Turtle - Lissemys punctata (Kachbo) LR – Low Risk, nt – near threatened, lc – least concern
͘ Birds (Terrestrial and Aquatic)
Status of terrestrial and aquatic birds was assessed during latter part of winter and reported a total of 38 species belongs to 37 genera and 31 families in the buffer zone of study area (Table 3.24). Habitat specific abundance resulted more contribution was from agriculture and habitation areas; and there is no any permanent aquatic habitat existing within it, therefore during the study period aquatic avifauna was reported from the nearby wetland and reservoir.
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Table 3.24: Overall Status of Terrestrial and Aquatic Birds
Sr. Order, Family and Species Common English MS Sch. FG No. Name GALLIRORMES Phasianidae 1 Pavo cristatus Indian Peafowl R I G ANSERIFORMES Anatidae 2 Sarkidiornis melanotos Comb Duck R IV A UPUPIFORMES Upupidae 3 Upupa epops Common Hoopoe RM IV I CORACIIFORMES Coraciidae 4 Coracias benghalensis Indian Roller R IV I Alcedinidae 5 Alcedo Hercules Common Kingfisher R IV P Dacelonidae White-throated 6 Halcyon smyrnensis R IV P Kingfisher Cerylidae 7 Ceryle rudis Lesser Pied Kingfisher R IV P Meropidae 8 Merops orientalis Green Bee-eater R IV I CUCULIFORMES Cuculidae 9 Eudynamys scolopacea Asian Koel R IV F Centropodidae 10 Centropus sinensis Greater Coucal R IV O PSITTACIFORMES Psittacidae 11 Psittacula krameri Rose-ringed Parakeet R IV F APODIFORMES Apodidae 12 Apus affinis House(Little) Swift R IV I
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Sr. Order, Family and Species Common English MS Sch. FG No. Name STEIGIFORMES Strigidae 13 Athene brama Spotted Owlet R IV C COLUMBIFORMES Columbidae 14 Columba livia Rock Pigeon R IV G 15 Streptopelia tranquebarica Red-collared Dove R IV G GRUIFORMES Rallidae 16 Gallinula chloropus Common Moorhen R IV A 17 Fulica atra Common Coot R IV A CICONIFORMES Scolopacidae 18 Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper R IV A Charadriidae 19 Vanellus indicus Red-wattled Lapwing R IV I Accipitridae 20 Falco tinnunculus Common Kestral RM IV C Phalacrocoracidae 21 Phalacrocorax niger Little Cormorant R IV A Ardeidae 22 Ardea cinerea Grey Heron RM IV A 23 Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret R IV AI Threskiornithidae 24 Threskiornis melanocephalus Black-headed Ibis RM IV A 25 Pseudibis papillosa Black Ibis R IV I PASSERIFORMES Corvidae 26 Corvus splendens House Crow R V I 27 Dicrurus macrocercus Black Drongo R IV I Muscicapidae 28 Saxicoloides fulicata Indian Robin R IV I Sturnidae 29 Acridotheres ginginianus Bank Myna R IV I 30 Acridotheres tristis Common Myna R IV I
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Sr. Order, Family and Species Common English MS Sch. FG No. Name Hirundinidae 31 Hirundo daurica Red-rump Swallow R IV I Pycnonotidae 32 Pycnonotus cafer Red-vented Bulbul R IV I Sylviidae 33 Turdoides malcolmi Large Grey Babbler R IV G Alaudidae 34 Galerida cristata Crested Lark R IV GI Nectariniidae 35 Nectarinia asiatica Purple Sunbird R IV N Passeridae 36 Passer domesticus House Sparrow R IV G MS= Migratory Status, M= Migratory, R= Resident, RM= Resident migratory; Sch= Schedule as per Wildlife Protection Act 1972; and FG= Feeding Guild, O= Omnivore, G= Granevore, P= Pisivore, C= Carnivore, I= Insectivore, A= Aquatic.
͘ Status of Mammals
As discussed with local people, within buffer zone only seven species of mammalian fauna was reported and each belongs to separate family/group. None of the family reported more than one species and showed low species richness Table 3.25 Since the study area dominated by agriculture habitat, mammalian fauna showed low species richness.
Table 3.25: Overall Status of Mammals
Sr. Food WPA,1972 Scientific Name Species No. Habit Status Bovidae Boselaphus tragocamelus III 1 (Pallas, 1766) Nilgai Herbivore Canidae Canis aureus (Linnaeus, 2 1758) Golden Jackal Omnivore II
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Sr. Food WPA,1972 Scientific Name Species No. Habit Status Herpestidae Herpestes edwardsii II 3 (E.Geoffroy Saint- Grey Hilaire,1818) Mongoose Omnivore Hyaenidae Hyaena hyaena - 4 (Linnaeus,1758) Striped Hyena Scavenger Hystricidae Indian - 5 Hystrix indica (Kerr,1792) Porcupine Herbivore Suidae 6 Sus scrofa (Linnaeus,1758) Wild Boar Herbivore III Anon. 1972. The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Ammended 1991. Natraj Publication, Dehra Dun. 154 p.
3.8.4 Conclusion
This study reported a total of 127 plant species, 7 herpetofauna, 38 birds and 6 species of mamamals from the buffer zone of M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP. However, no threatened biodiversity reported with highest density or richness from the core and buffer zones of the study area.
No true multi species forest type was recorded in the vicinity of the five kilometer radii in and around the project site. Only dominant species of vegetation observed from this landscape are Tephrosia purpurea, Parthenium hysterophorus, Capparis decidua and Acacia tortalis. It clearly indicates the low productive potential of the terrestrial ecosystem. Since the project associated activities do not required any forest land neither ecosensitive areas, the terrestrial ecosystem is considerably free from the project related impacts.
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3.9 Socio Economic Environment
3.9.1 Introduction
Any developmental activity will influence the socioeconomic conditions of the population in the region and thus the Quality of Life (QOL). Socioeconomic survey is necessary in EIA/EMP report preparation to predict the changes on social and economic status. Hence baseline data for demographic characteristics, education, health, amenities and sensitive locations existing in and around the project area have been studied in the study area. For the study of socioeconomics 10 km radius around the site is selected.
The study area is mostly agricultural land. The major language is Gujarati, Hindi and English with an accumulation of different cultures like the Hindus, Muslims and the Christians. It is the centre of Gujarati cultural activities and diverse traditions of different ethnic and religious communities
3.9.2 Socioeconomics
Village/town wise population, households, Occupation and Literacy status have been collected based on Census, 2011 in the following aspects:
1. Total population 08. Total worker females (Main + Marginal) 2. Population (0-6 years) 09. Main workers (Persons) 3. Literacy rate (Persons) 10. Marginal workers (Persons) 4. Literacy rate (Males) 11. Main workers (Persons) 5. Literacy rate (Females) 12. Non workers (Persons) 6. Total worker persons (Main + Marginal) 13. Non workers (Males) 7. Total worker males (Main + Marginal) 14. Non workers (Females)
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Table 3.26: List of Villages Surrounding 10 km Radius Area
Sr. No. Name of the Sr. No. Name of the Village Village 1 Valana 14 Kalyanpur (Shiyal) 2 Moti Kumad 15 Sachana 3 Palli 16 Khoraj 4 Kalyanpura 17 Ogan 5 Valavdi 18 Liya 6 Virochannagar 19 Rangpur 7 Jakhwada 20 Memadpura 8 Nani Kumad 21 Rampura 9 Sokali 22 Haripura 10 Hansalpur 23 Narsingpura Sereshvar 11 Thori Mubarak 24 Bhojnipura 12 Thori Thambha 25 Kadipur 13 Karakathal 26 Mahadevpura
3.9.3 Households
A 'household' is usually a group of persons who normally live together and take their meals from a common kitchen unless the exigencies of work prevent any of them from doing so. Persons in a household may be related or unrelated or a mix of both. However, if a group of unrelated persons live in a census house but do not take their meals from the common kitchen, then they are not constituent of a common household. Each such person was to be treated as separate households. The important link is finding out whether it was a household or not was a common kitchen. There may be one member households, two member households or multi- member households.
There are nearly 131,61 House Holds (HH) are found in the study area. The details of Households are given in Table 3.27.
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3.9.4 Population
Village/ town wise population composition as per 2011 census is listed in Table 3.27. The total population of villages covered in 10 km radius is 61,933. The male & female population is 31,953 and 29,980 respectively.
The summarized data of population distribution is given in Table 3.27 and represented in Figure 3.19.
Table 3.27: Population Distribution in the Study Area
Sr. Name of the POPULATION SC POPULATION ST POPULATION HH No. village T M F T M F T M F 1 Valana 342 1640 859 781 0 0 0 14 4 10 2 Moti Kumad 360 1777 920 857 232 115 117 0 0 0 3 Palli 230 1164 561 603 346 178 168 0 0 0 4 Kalyanpura 862 3718 1914 1804 258 136 122 1 1 0 5 Valavdi 203 971 490 481 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 Virochannagar 1371 7081 3647 3434 396 201 195 0 0 0 7 Jakhwada 823 3717 1928 1789 417 209 208 4 3 1 8 Nani Kumad 184 1085 565 520 102 51 51 0 0 0 9 Sokali 435 1927 995 932 194 99 95 8 4 4 Hansalpur 10 1128 5674 2917 2757 625 318 307 5 4 1 Sereshvar Thori 11 667 3213 1658 1555 390 202 188 6 4 2 Mubarak Thori 12 570 2887 1522 1365 459 246 213 24 14 10 Thambha 13 Karakathal 1082 4962 2617 2345 1124 590 534 0 0 0 Kalyanpur 14 257 1078 562 516 72 39 33 1 1 0 (Shiyal) 15 Sachana 787 3844 1961 1883 1045 527 518 5 2 3 16 Khoraj 779 3903 2014 1889 385 211 174 0 0 0 17 Ogan 851 3906 2022 1884 603 312 291 0 0 0 18 Liya 488 1924 1003 921 245 124 121 0 0 0 19 Rangpur 182 679 356 323 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Sr. Name of the POPULATION SC POPULATION ST POPULATION HH No. village T M F T M F T M F 20 Memadpura 413 1671 849 822 0 0 0 5 1 4 21 Rampura 107 459 245 214 45 23 22 14 10 4 22 Haripura 62 237 121 116 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 Narsingpura 353 1623 827 796 362 191 171 0 0 0 24 Babajipura 166 882 438 444 86 46 40 0 0 0 25 Kadipur 46 240 113 127 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 Mahadevpura 413 1671 849 822 0 0 0 5 1 4 Total 13161 61933 31953 29980 7386 3818 3568 92 49 43
3.9.5 Occupational Structure
Work is defined as participation in any economically productive activity with or without compensation, wages or profit. Such participation may be physical and/or mental in nature. Work involves not only actual work but also includes effective supervision and direction of work. It even includes part time help or unpaid work on farm, family enterprise or in any other economic activity. All persons engaged in 'work' as defined above are workers. Persons who are engaged in cultivation or milk production even solely for domestic consumption are also treated as workers.
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Occupational structure is divided in to 3 categories viz., Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers.
The distribution data for workers and non workers is given in Table 3.28 and Figure 3.20.
Main workers Those workers who had worked for the major part of the reference period (i.e. 6 months or more) are termed as Main Workers. There are total 21,544 main workers in this area. Marginal workers Those workers who have not worked for the major part of the reference period (i.e. less than 6 months) are termed as marginal workers. The total marginal workers are 4,460.
Non workers All workers, i.e., those who have been engaged in some economic activity during the last one-year, but are not cultivators or agricultural laborers or in Household Industry, are 'Other-Workers (OW)'. The type of workers that come under this category of 'OW' include all government servants, municipal employees, teachers, factory workers, plantation workers, those engaged in trade, commerce, business, transport banking, mining, construction, political or social work, priests, entertainment artists, etc. In effect, all those workers other than cultivators or agricultural laborers or household industry workers are other workers. The total non workers are 35,839. Table 3.28: Occupational Structure
TOTAL MARGINAL MAIN WORKERS NON WORKERS No. Name WORKERS WORKERS T M F T M F T M F T M F 1 Valana 979 591 388 542 490 52 27 23 4 1071 346 725 2 Moti Kumad 852 492 360 672 445 227 180 47 133 925 428 497 3 Palli 112 27 85 715 262 453 112 27 85 715 262 453 4 Kalyanpura 1616 1148 468 1232 1062 170 384 86 298 2102 766 1336 5 Valavdi 433 290 1443 363 284 79 70 6 64 538 200 338 6 Virochannagar 2834 2035 799 1933 1841 92 901 194 707 4247 1612 2635 7 Jakhwada 1463 1131 332 1281 1085 196 182 46 137 2254 797 1457 8 Nani Kumad 443 322 121 440 321 119 3 1 2 642 243 399
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TOTAL MARGINAL MAIN WORKERS NON WORKERS No. Name WORKERS WORKERS T M F T M F T M F T M F 9 Sokali 844 605 239 670 547 123 174 158 116 1083 390 693 Hansalpur 10 2140 1634 506 1753 1573 180 387 61 326 3534 1283 22251 Sereshvar Thori 11 1429 893 536 1391 876 515 38 17 21 1784 365 1019 Mubarak Thori 12 933 893 40 923 886 37 10 7 3 1954 629 1325 Thambha 13 Karakathal 1936 1463 473 1614 1388 226 322 75 247 3026 1154 1872 Kalyanpur 14 498 332 166 491 330 161 7 2 5 580 230 350 (Shiyal) 15 Sachana 1422 1062 360 1344 1040 304 78 22 56 2422 899 1523 16 Khoraj 1709 1171 538 1638 1149 489 71 22 49 2194 843 1351 17 Ogan 1640 1179 461 1640 614 1026 271 113 158 2266 843 1423 18 Liya 788 578 210 614 532 82 174 46 128 1136 425 711 19 Rangpur 257 245 12 255 244 11 2 1 1 422 111 311 20 Memadpura 531 190 341 604 542 62 290 10 280 777 297 480 21 Rampura 29 20 9 24 20 4 5 0 5 44 15 29 22 Haripura 169 109 60 166 106 60 3 3 0 165 64 101 23 Narsingpura 692 485 207 531 448 83 161 37 124 931 342 589 24 Babajipura 423 261 162 386 254 132 37 7 30 459 177 282 25 Kadipur 190 154 36 87 73 14 0 0 0 90 41 49 26 Mahadevpura 806 443 363 235 230 5 571 213 358 478 245 233 Total 25168 17753 8715 21544 16642 4902 4460 1224 3337 35839 13007 42432
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3.9.6 Literacy
A person aged 7 years and above who can both read and write with understanding any language has been taken as literate. It is not necessary for a person to have received any formal education or passed any minimum educational standard for being treated as literate. People who were blind and could read in Braille are treated to be literates. A person, who can only read but cannot write, is treated as illiterate. All children of age 6 years or less, even if going to school and have picked up reading and writing, are treated as illiterates.
The total number of literates and illiterates are 35,942 and 25,317 respectively (Table 3.29 and Figure 3.21)
Table 3.29: Literacy Status
Sr. Literates Iliterates Name No. T M F T M F 1 Valana 979 591 388 661 268 393 2 Moti Kumad 917 580 337 860 340 520 3 Palli 760 431 329 404 130 274 4 Kalyanpura 2966 1614 1352 752 300 452 5 Valavdi 410 242 168 561 248 313 6 Virochannagar 3919 2511 1408 3162 1136 2026 7 Jakhwada 2233 1375 858 1484 553 931 8 Nani Kumad 574 360 214 511 205 306 9 Sokali 1362 782 580 565 213 352 Hansalpur 10 Sereshvar 2884 1779 1105 2790 1138 1652 11 Thori Mubarak 1732 1128 604 1481 530 951 12 Thori Thambha 1428 935 493 1459 587 872 13 Karakathal 2784 1760 1024 2178 857 1321 14 Kalyanpur (Shiyal) 682 432 250 396 130 266 15 Sachana 2423 1409 1014 1421 522 869 16 Khoraj 2250 1375 875 1653 639 1014 17 Ogan 2266 1408 858 1640 614 1026 18 Liya 1085 689 396 839 314 525
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Sr. Literates Iliterates Name No. T M F T M F 19 Rangpur 497 290 207 182 66 116 20 Memadpura 1140 659 481 531 190 341 21 Rampura 55 26 29 18 9 9 22 Haripura 273 157 116 61 16 45 23 Narsingpura 1165 675 490 458 152 306 24 Babajipura 531 317 214 351 121 230 25 Kadipur 92 27 65 150 72 78 26 Mahadevpura 535 369 166 749 319 430 Total 35942 21921 14021 25317 9669 15618
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3.9.7 Amenities
Education, Medical, Water availability, Post & Telegraph, Communication, Banking facilities and Power supply are considered for the study. Village wise list of amenities are given in Table 3.30 (as per 2001 Census).
Table 3.30: Basic amenities detail for study villages covered in 10 km radius (As per census 2011) Facilities Available Type of Facilities Available Sr. (Nos.) Village No. Drinking Power Approach Educational Communication Transportation Medical Water supply to Village Facilities Valana T SH T W 1 EC DR PCO/ B P1 - TW KR MIC T/P/L Moti Kumad T W T SH 2 TW EC PCO/ B P1 - KR R/C MIC T/P/L Palli T SH SH 3 TW EC KR KR B P1 - T/P/L NW NW Kalyanpura T SH SH P2 B PHC 4 TW EC KR KR SS2 T PHS T/P/L NW NW SSC2 Valavdi T DR DR 5 TW EC KR KE B P1 - T/P/L NW NW Virochannagar SH SH T DR DR P2 6 TW EC KR B PHS KR SS1 T/P/L NW NW
Jakhwada T SH SH B P2 7 TW EC DR DR PHS RS SS1 T/P/L KR KR Nani Kumad T 8 TW EC DR DR B P1 - T/P/L Sokali T SH SH 9 TW EC DR DR B P2 PHS T/P/L KR KR 10 Hansalpur T EC SH SH B P1 PHS
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Sereshvar TW KR KR MCW RC T/P/L Thori T Mubarak W SH SH 11 TW EC B P1 PHS KR KR R/C T/P/L Thori T SH SH 12 Thambha TW EC DR DR B P1 - T/P/L KR KR Karakathal PHC T P1 DR DR PHS 13 TW EC B SS1 KR KR MCW R/C SSC1 TB Kalyanpur T SH DR 14 (Shiyal) TW EC KR B P1 - KR T/PL DR Sachana T W SH SH TW B 15 EC DR DR P3 - HP T KR KR TW T/P/L Khoraj SH SH T DR DR 16 W EC B P1 - KR KR T/P/L NW NW Ogan T W DR DR 17 EC B P1 PHS TW KR KR T/P/L Liya T DR DR 18 EC B P1 - TW KR KR Rangpur T W HP DR DR 19 EC B P1 - TW KR KR RC T/P/L Memadpura T HP SH SH P1 20 EC B - TW KR KR SS1 T/P/L Rampura T DR DR 21 TW EC KR KR B P1 - T/P/L NW NW 22 Haripura T EC DR DR B P1 -
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TW KR KR R/C NW NW T/P/L Narsipura T SH SH TW 23 EC KR KR B P1 PHS R/C NW NW T/P/L Babjipura T W DR DR 24 Tw EC KR KR B P1 - Tpl NW NW
Kadipur T SH SH Tw 25 EC KR KR B P1 t/p/l NW NW - Abbreviations
HH House hold Population T Male Total Male T Female Total Female
P Primary School M Middle school Education SS Secondary School SSC Senior Secondary School C College
CHW Community Health Worker PHC Primary Health Center PHS Primary Health Sub-Center MCW Maternity Child Welfare Medical TB T. B. Clinic AH Allophatic Hospital D Dispensary FWC Family Welfare Center
T : Tap W : Well HP : Hand Pump Water TW : Tube Well R/C : River/Canal T/P/L : Tank/Pond/Lake O : Other
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D : Drainage Community Toilet Complex (including Bath) for TC : General Public Sanitation Community waste disposal system after house to WD : house collection Community Bio-gas or recycle of waste for B : production use
PO : Post Office PT : Post And Telegraph Office Communication T : Telephone (landlines) Faciltity PCO/M : Public Call Office /Mobile (PCO) IC : Internet Cafes / Common Service Centre (CSC) C : Private Courier Facility B : Bus RS : Railway Station Trasportation T : Taxi S/R/F : Sea/River/Ferry Service
NH : National Highway SH : State Highway DR : District Road Approach to PR : Black Topped (pucca) Road Village KR : Gravel (kuchha) Roads NW : Navigable Waterways (River/Canal) F : Foothpath
ATM B : Bank Infrastructure S : Sports field PL : Public Library PS : Power Supply For All Users
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3.9.8 Site Specific Studies
The following site specific studies were been conducted in order to study the present Socio- Economic conditions prevailing around the plant site for the establishment of an interactive environment between the residents of the area with the proponent which would be helpful for the proponent for the assessment of the required developments of the area.
This study was done by looking and maintaining a good understanding of that locality as well as their socio-economic status which can help in the assessment of their Socio- Economic status, costumes, requirements for the development etc. For such benefits the following site study has been conducted.
¾ Manpower Requirement
Manpower requirements have been assessed keeping in view the degree of automation & computerization envisaged, minimum paper work, round the clock operations etc.
The total requirement is 70 employees for the execution of entire project work.
¾ Impacts of the proposed project
The industry will provide direct and indirect employment for many of the local population. It will create employment and helps to improve the social status of the local community.
No Rehabilitation or land acquisition is needed for this industry. This project is not expected to generate any significant public controversy. Workers including casual workers such as truck drivers will be provided with basic amenities like safe water supply, low cost sanitation facilities, first aid, required personal protective equipments, etc. Workers will also be provided with sufficient infrastructural facilities including drinking water, toilets, sanitation facilities, power, easily accessible approach roads, communication, etc.
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Moreover unit would be carrying out CER activities in nearby villages in the field of public health and green belt development; which would contribute to improvements the public health in the region to some extent. Other impacts of the proposed project are: ¾ Any industrial growth will improve economic status of the people either directly or indirectly. ¾ Creation of employment generation is an another positive impact anticipated from this plant ¾ The development of infrastructure (roads, lighting etc) may not only helpful for transportation but also to improve aesthetic value of the site. ¾ The proposed green belt plan also generates some employment (labor for plantation development) and provide hygienic environment. ¾ Non-workers comprises of 57.86 % of the total population in the study area. This intense unemployment fate can be for extent can be reduced. ¾ Labour quarters will be provided for workers in operation phase of plant.
A slight increase in traffic during construction would result as workers arrive and depart the site and as materials and equipment are delivered. This temporary traffic increase would represent only small fluctuations within the normal range.
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3.10 Traffic Survey
Traffic counts are important to calculate the existing and proposed load on the existing
Road due to upcoming Project.
Project site is to be located near to Viramhgam – Sachana Highway (NH 947). The
industry will utilize the stated road for transportation purpose. Thus, traffic survey
has been carried out on above stated adjacent road. Studied route is shown in below
given figure:
Figure 3.22: Image showing Traffic Surveying Location
Viramgam - Sachana Highway (NH 947)
Details regarding the traffic survey are:
Traffic counts were collected and recorded in 4 hours intervals.
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Morning period (pick hours) survey was carried out from 10.00 to 14.00 hrs.
Evening period (pick hours) survey was carried out from 16:00 to 20:00 hrs.
Traffic counts observed during the above survey are tabulated below;
Table 3.31: Traffic Count Data
Viramgam to Sachana HW - N H 947
Type of Vehicles Timings of Survey (hrs) 17-11-18 10.00-14.00 16.00-20.00 (4 hr) (4 hr) Large Trailer 25 23 Heavy (Bus, Truck, etc) 58 48 Medium (Tractors, light commercial vehicles etc) 45 51 Light (Car, Jeep, Pickup Van etc.) 79 74 3 Wheeler (Rickshaw) 32 37 2 Wheeler (Scooter, motorcycle, cycle etc) 113 97
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CHAPTER - 4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES 4.1 Preamble
The most important part of Environmental Impact Assessment Report is the prediction of impacts. Several scientific techniques and methodologies are available to predict impacts of project developmental activities on environment. Such predictions are overlaid on the baseline status of environmental quality to derive the ultimate scenario of environmental conditions. It helps to prepare the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) which is required to be executed during the on-going activities for the proposed project to minimize the adverse impacts on environmental quality.
The mathematical models are the best tools to quantitatively describe the cause-effect relationships between sources of pollution and different components of environment. In case, mathematical models are not available or it is not possible to identify/validate a model for a particular situation, predictions could be made through available scientific knowledge and judgments. The environmental impacts can be categorized as either Primary or Secondary or Tertiary. Primary impacts are those, which are linked directly to the project, secondary and tertiary impacts are those, which are indirectly induced and typically include the effects on social and economic patterns of the surrounding.
The proposed project would create impact on the environment in two distinct phases.
Temporary or short term effects caused during construction phase Long term effects caused during operational phase
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Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the proposed project includes:
x Identification of all components of the project and prediction of impacts that may be caused by the proposed project x Classification of the probable impacts i.e. positive or negative, reversible or irreversible, short term or long term. x Evaluation of the impacts i.e. quantitative & qualitative assessment of the impacts
The construction and operational phase of the proposed project comprises of various activities each of which may have an impact on some or other environmental components, which have been studied to estimate the impact on the environment.
4.2 Prediction and Evaluation of Impacts
An impact can be defined as any change in Physical, Chemical, Biological, Cultural and Socio-economic environment that can be attributed to activities related to alternatives under study for meeting the project needs. Impact assessments provide an organized approach for prediction and assessing these impacts. In most of cases the predictions consists of indicating merely whether there will be degradation, no change or enhancement of environment quality. In other cases, quantitative ranking scales are to be used.
Prediction requires scientific skill drawn from many disciplines. Prediction of ecological components is often uncertain, because their response to environmental stress cannot be predicted in absolute terms. Scientific techniques and methodologies based on mathematical modeling are available for studying impacts of various project activities on environmental parameters.
The impact of the proposed project on the environment has been considered based on the information provided by the proponents and data collected from the study area during study period. The environmental impacts have
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been categorized as long or short term and negative or positive. Primary impacts are those, which are attributed directly by the project while secondary impacts are those, which are indirectly induced. The operational phase of the proposed project comprises several of which have been considered to assess the impact on one or another environmental parameters.
The nature of the impacts due to said project activities are discussed in detail. Each parameter identified is singularly considered for the anticipated impact due to various project activities. The impact is quantified using numerical scores. In order to assess the impact accurately, each parameter is discussed in detail covering project activities like to be generate impact and quantification and prediction of impact.
A. Construction Phase
Generally construction phase involves activities like Site Cleaning, Excavation, Construction, Installation of Plant Machinery, Raw Material Transportation and Handling, Greenbelt Development and Labour Employment. Greenbelt development is proposed to be taken up at the initial stage and hence it has been considered in this phase.
Minor and temporary impacts are expected due to the construction activities. Generally, Air, Noise level and Soil are likely to be affected by these activities. All the impacts of construction phase will be short term only and it is very limited as minor construction work is anticipated for requirement of project.
B. Operational Phase
Generally construction phase involves activities like Raw Material Storage & Handling & Transportation, Production Activity, Product Storage, Handling & Transportation, Gaseous Emission, Water Consumption & Wastewater Discharge, Solid & Hazardous Waste Generation, Labour Employment, Infrastructure Development and Greenbelt Development.
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This phase of project is important as it generates long term impact as the production starts. The primary impact causing likely deterioration will be on Air, Water, Noise, Soil and Flora – Fauna due to Air Emission, Water Consumption & Wastewater Generation, Solid/Hazardous Waste Generation, Noise Generation and Transportation.
4.3 Impact Identification
Identification of significant environmental impact is essential in the preparation of EIA report, an attempt has been made here through the use of "Activity Effect" matrix.
Impact Identification Matrix is shown in the Table No. 4.1 (for construction and operation phase of proposed project). Various activities belonging to industrial project have been grouped and arranged in rows. The environmental factors, which are being potentially impacted, have been arranged in columns. A preliminary scrutiny has been done and the cells, which fall at the junction of the “Activity” and “Factor” that have possible interaction with each other, have been crossed.
The Matrix, thus, establishes the possible “cause-effect” relationship and identifies the environmental factors being impacted and activities responsible for the same.
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Table 4.1: Impact Identification Matrix
Aspect Land Resource Air Water Noise Terrestrial Socio- Infrastructure Human Use Depletion Quality Quality Level & Economic & Health Activity & Aquatic Status Services Soil Ecology Land Acquisition dž dž dž dž dž dž dž and Site Clearing Construction/ dž dž dž dž dž dž dž dž dž Civil Work Material & Product dž dž dž dž dž dž dž dž Storage/Handling Fuel & Electricity dž dž dž dž dž dž dž Consumption Gaseous dž dž dž dž dž dž dž dž dž Emissions Fugitive dž dž dž dž dž dž dž dž Emissions Water dž dž dž dž dž dž dž Consumption
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Aspect Land Resource Air Water Noise Terrestrial Socio- Infrastructure Human Use Depletion Quality Quality Level & Economic & Health Activity & Aquatic Status Services Soil Ecology Wastewater dž dž dž dž dž dž dž dž Generation Solid & Hazardous dž dž dž dž dž dž dž dž dž Waste Storage & Disposal Spillage and dž dž dž dž dž dž dž dž Leakage
Shutdown/Startup dž dž dž dž dž dž dž dž
Plant Operation dž dž dž dž dž dž dž dž dž Equipment dž dž dž dž dž dž dž dž Failures dž
Transportation dž dž dž dž dž dž dž dž dž
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4.4 Assessment of Impacts
This section is devoted to the assessment of impacts due to the proposed industrial project, which are the most important components of EIA. Assessment involves determination of nature and extent of impacts due to the industrial activities or the actions involved. Here it is determined whether the environmental impacts are:
1. Positive or Negative impact 2. Short term or Long term impact
Based on Environmental Impact Analysis, the Environmental Impacts under this step are quantitatively and qualitatively assessed. Please refer Table No. 4.2.
Quantitative Quantitative assessment is done with the help of a mathematical model has been done wherever possible. The mathematical model used for assessment in the present study includes “AERMOD VIEW” Dispersion Model for air quality.
Qualitative Qualitative assessment is done with the help of on available scientific knowledge and judgment. For other cases i.e. Water, Noise, Land / Soil, Ecology, Socio-economic etc., the available scientific knowledge and judgments have been used.
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Table 4.2: Assessment of Impacts
Aspect Land Resource Air Water Noise Terrestrial Socio- Infrastructure Human Use Depletion Quality Quality Level & Economic & Health Activity & Aquatic Status Services Soil Ecology Land Acquisition (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (+ve) (+ve) (-ve)
and Site Clearing L.T. S.T. S.T. L.T. S.T. S.T. S.T. Construction/ (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (+ve) (+ve) (-ve) Civil Work S.T. S.T. S.T. S.T. S.T. L.T. S.T. S.T. S.T. Material & (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (+ve) (+ve) (-ve) Product L.T. S.T. S.T. S.T. S.T. S.T. S.T. L.T. Storage/Handling Fuel & Electricity (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (+ve) (-ve)
Consumption S.T. L.T. L.T. L.T. L.T. L.T. L.T. Gaseous (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) Emissions L.T. L.T. L.T. S.T. L.T. L.T. L.T. S.T. L.T. Fugitive (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve)
Emissions L.T. S.T. S.T. L.T. S.T. L.T. L.T. S.T. Water (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve)
Consumption L.T. L.T. L.T. S.T. L.T. L.T. L.T.
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Aspect Land Resource Air Water Noise Terrestrial Socio- Infrastructure Human Use Depletion Quality Quality Level & Economic & Health Activity & Aquatic Status Services Soil Ecology Wastewater (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (+ve) (-ve) (-ve) Generation S.T. S.T. S.T. L.T. S.T. L.T. L.T. L.T. S.T. Solid & Hazardous (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (+ve) (+ve) (-ve) Waste Storage & L.T. S.T. S.T. S.T. S.T. L.T. L.T. L.T. L.T. Disposal Spillage and (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve)
Leakage S.T. S.T. S.T. S.T. S.T. L.T. L.T. S.T. (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (+ve) (+ve) (-ve) Shutdown/Startup L.T. S.T. S.T. S.T. S.T. L.T. L.T. L.T. (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (+ve) (+ve) (-ve) Plant Operation L.T. L.T. L.T. L.T. L.T. L.T. L.T. L.T. L.T. Equipment (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (+ve) (+ve) (-ve) Failures L.T. S.T. S.T. S.T. S.T. S.T. S.T. S.T. S.T. (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (+ve) (+ve) (-ve) Transportation S.T. L.T. L.T. S.T. S.T. S.T. L.T. L.T. L.T.
(-ve): Negative (+ve): Positive S.T.: Short Term L.T.: Long Term
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4.5 Quantification of Impacts
The identified environmental impacts belong to different component of the environment needs to be aggregated to get a total score of the environmental impact of the proposed project.
4.5.1 Environmental Attributes & Relative Importance
Environmental changes, expected out of any physical development, can result in adverse and/or beneficial results. The relevant parts of the receiving environment have been subjectively singled out, as “Environmental Attributes”, and the impact due to various activities on these attributes have been studied. The typical set of environmental attributes and their relative importance, adopted for the present study, has been attributed, has been presented in Table No. 4.3.
Table No. 4.3: Environmental Attributes
Sr. Environmental Relative Remarks No. Attributes Importance (%) 1 Air Quality 24 Relatively high importance due to anticipated impacts due to flue gas emissions in the
form of PM, SO2, NO2 and fugitive emissions in the form of VOC. 2 Water Quality 13 Relatively medium importance due to minimal consumption of fresh water for domestic, industrial and gardening activities as well as minimal generation of wastewater from various project activities. 3 Human Health 13 Relatively medium importance as the project is to be situated in rural/non industrial area and project activities may have impact on human health.
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Sr. Environmental Relative Remarks No. Attributes Importance (%) 4 Terrestrial & 10 Relatively medium importance as no major forest or reserve forest area located within 10 Aquatic Ecology km radius area of the project site and the impact anticipated to be limited to a small periphery around the site. 5 Socio-Economic 14 Relatively medium importance with positive impact due to direct employment and Status indirect employment. 6 Resource 11 Relatively medium importance due to non-renewable resource consumption in the form Depletion of fuel, electricity etc. and renewable resource consumption in the form of water etc. 7 Noise Level 5 Relatively low importance due to the fact that sources of noise are limited and in most cases noise level are within the stipulated norms. 8 Land Use & Soil 5 Relatively low importance as the project consumes minimal amount of land and adequate disposal mechanism of solid/hazardous waste. 9 Infrastructure & 5 Relatively low importance due to marginal benefits to infrastructure sector, service Services sectors as well as trades. Total 100
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4.5.2 Magnitude Criteria
(a) Negligible Impacts (Score + 1)
It signifies that the actions have some effects but it will not cause any quantifiable damage or benefit to the attributers concerned.
(b) Marginal Impacts (Score + 2)
The activities and their environmental impacts are judged to be slightly significant or significant but for short term, the score is assigned to be 2.
(c) Significant Impacts (Score + 3)
The activities and their environmental impacts are judged to be significant or reversible, the score is assigned to be 3.
(d) Highly Significant Impacts (Score + 4)
The activities and their environmental impacts are judged to be significant, and irreversible, the score is assigned to be 4.
The (+) sign signifies positive impact and (-) sign signifies negative impact on the concerned environmental attributes.
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4.5.3 Matrix Development
The environment impact evaluation matrix, for the proposed project, with mitigation measures for all the adverse impacts, have been formulated and presented in Table No. 4.4. Their respective cumulative impact matrices are presented in Table No. 4.5.
Table No. 4.4: The Activity – Impact Evaluation Matrix
Aspect Land Resource Air Water Noise Terrestrial Socio- Infrastructure Human Use Depletion Quality Quality Level & Economic & Health Activity & Aquatic Status Services Soil Ecology Land Acquisition -3 -3 -2 -1 +1 +1 -1 and Site Clearing Construction/ -2 -1 -2 -1 -2 -1 +3 +3 -2 Civil Work Material & Product -1 -1 -1 -2 -2 +1 +1 -1 Storage/Handling Fuel & Electricity -1 -3 -2 -2 -2 +3 -2 Consumption Gaseous -1 -2 -4 -1 -1 -4 -2 -1 -3 Emissions
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Aspect Land Resource Air Water Noise Terrestrial Socio- Infrastructure Human Use Depletion Quality Quality Level & Economic & Health Activity & Aquatic Status Services Soil Ecology Fugitive -1 -1 -3 -2 -2 -1 -1 -1 Emissions Water -1 -2 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 Consumption Wastewater -1 -2 -2 -1 -1 -1 +1 -1 -1 Generation Solid & Hazardous -2 +1 -1 -1 -1 -2 +1 +2 -1 Waste Storage & Disposal Spillage and -3 -3 -2 -1 -2 -1 -1 -3 Leakage
Shutdown/Startup -2 -1 -1 -1 -2 +2 +2 -1
Plant Operation -2 -3 -3 -2 -2 -2 +3 +3 -2
Equipment -1 -1 -3 -1 -2 -2 +2 +1 -3 Failures
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Aspect Land Resource Air Water Noise Terrestrial Socio- Infrastructure Human Use Depletion Quality Quality Level & Economic & Health Activity & Aquatic Status Services Soil Ecology
Transportation -1 -2 -2 -1 -2 -2 +2 +2 -2
TOTAL -22 -21 -29 -18 -17 -20 +9 +14 -24
Note: (+) = Positive and (-) = Negative impacts on attributes
Table No. 4.5: Cumulative Impact Matrix
Environmental Attributes Cumulative Score for Relative Importance of Cumulative Significance
Each Attribute, Si Each Attribute, Wi (%) ( Si x Wi ) / 100
Air Quality -29 24 -6.96
Water Quality -18 13 -2.34
Human Health -24 13 -3.12
Terrestrial & Aquatic -20 10 -2.00
Ecology
Socio-Economic Status +9 14 +1.26
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Environmental Attributes Cumulative Score for Relative Importance of Cumulative Significance
Each Attribute, Si Each Attribute, Wi (%) ( Si x Wi ) / 100
Resource Depletion -21 11 -2.31
Noise Level -17 5 - 0.85
Land Use & Soil -22 5 - 1.10
Infrastructure & Services +14 5 + 0.70
Cumulative Score -16.72
As shown in Table No. 4.5, the cumulative value of significance of the project, in terms of the impact on the environment, with mitigation measures works out to be (-) 16.72.
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4.6 Mitigation Measures for Impacts on Environment during Construction Phase
During construction phase, major impacts anticipated will be increase in dust contamination and noise. However, these impacts will be localised and limited up to construction period only. Impacts during construction phase and its mitigative measures are given in Table 4.6.
Table 4.6: Construction Phase: Impacts & its Mitigation Measures
Attributes Activities and Impact Mitigative Measures Land Activity : Removal of top soil Top layer of soil will be temporarily and excavated earth changed but construction activity will Impact : Short term negative help in fixation of soil, which will impacts due to Site cleaning, ultimately reduce soil erosion. grading, excavation, etc. Top soil will be used for the green belt development. Excavated earth will be used for the backfilling and leveling in low laying area. Greenbelt development starting from the construction phase will help in reduction of the soil erosion. Air Activity : Excavation and Construction and transportation transportation activities will activities will be carried out during generate particulate matter day time only. Greenbelt resulting in localized dust development will be started from pollution. This may impact on construction phase which will help in workers involved in reducing dust dispersion in construction activities. surrounding area. Construction Impact :Short term negative materials will be transported in impact on human health due to covered trucks. Water sprinkling will dusting during construction & be carried out on site. Minimum stock transportation activities of raw materials will be maintained and covered with sheet. Barrier sheet will be provided to avoid dispersion of dust in surrounding area. Mask,
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Attributes Activities and Impact Mitigative Measures helmet, goggles etc. will be provided to workers. Upwind side of the proposed project will be constructed first to minimize wind effects. Noise Activity : Civil construction Maintenance of vehicles, equipment activities may generate noise with proper civil planning will reduce from construction equipment increase in noise levels. Construction and from transportation and related transportation activities vehicles. will be carried out during day times Impact : Short term negative only. Personal protective equipment impacts on worker health due like ear plug and ear muff will be to various construction provided. activities Water Activity : Sewage generation Water requirement will be fulfilled by may affect the soil and surface borewell water. Sewage will be water if discharged without disposed of into soak pit via septic management. tank system. Good construction Impact :Short term negative practices will be adopted to minimize impacts on ground water water wasting and pollution. All the quality due to water measures will be taken to prevent any consumption and sewage type of water contaminations. generation & disposal Socio- Activity : Construction activity Temporary employment will be economy will generate employment for generated due to transportation, the local people (direct impact). construction, fabrication etc. which Also, some vendors (indirect will help in improving socio- impact) may come up in the economic level of engaged people. area to serve the workers. Impact : Short term positive impact due to temporary Employment generation Ecology Activity : The local flora and Greenbelt development will be fauna will be affected due to started in construction phase. This construction activities. will have positive impacts on local Impact :Long term positive flora-fauna and also will act as
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Attributes Activities and Impact Mitigative Measures impact due to greenbelt absorbent of air pollution and noise. development Will help in reducing soil erosion.
4.7 Mitigation Measures for Impacts on Environment during Operational Phase
Impacts during operation phase and its mitigative measures are given in Table 4.7.
Table 4.7: Operation Phase: Activities, Impacts & its Mitigation Measures
Attributes Activities, Impacts and its Mitigation Measures
Land Use/ During operation activity of the plant, the impact of air, water and Soil solid waste pollution on soil causes direct/indirect effect on soil. Operation activity : 1. Due to TFH operation, flue gas emission will be done & dispersed in the atmosphere. 2. Wastewater generated from the industry. 3. Solid & hazardous waste generation. Impacts : 1. Due to dispersion of air pollutants in the atmosphere, nearby villagers may get disease of lung & health issues. There may also be decrease in productivity of crops & disease in plants. 2. Wastewater generated from the industry if discharged on the ground, it may deteriorate ground water quality. Secondarily it may also deteriorate surface water quality in rainy season. There may be health problems due to drinking of this ground & surface water. 3. Solid / hazardous waste generated from the process if collected loose form, it may pollute the soil. 4. Solid waste will be run away with the rainwater in rainy season if they will not properly collected in bags & stored in storage area under shed. Mitigation Measures :
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1. As all necessary air pollution control steps will be provided and based on the results of the dispersion model for the Ground Level Concentrations of various pollutants after the commissioning of the proposed activity, there will not be any adverse impact on soil. 2. There will be no adverse effect of wastewater on soil since the treated effluent emanating from the ETP will be evaporated in an evaporator. Thus, there will not be any significant impact on land environment. 3. All necessary control steps/measures will be provided for handling, storage and disposal of solid/ hazardous waste generated. All solid / hazardous waste should be properly collected in bags & stored in storage area under shed. Industry has also developed adequate greenbelt within the premises which not only increase the aesthetic of that area but also prevent soil erosion which may change the land use pattern of that area. Thus, there will not be any significant impact on land environment.
Thus, there will not be any adverse impact on the land use & soil environment during operation phase of the proposed project. Water Water requirement is to be met through Borewell. Quality Operation activity : 1. Water consumption for various activities like domestic, gardening & industrial. 2. Waste water generation from the industrial premises. Impact : 1. Ground water depletion 2. Surrounding villagers may not get enough water for their uses. 3. Wastewater generated from the industry if discharged on the ground, it may deteriorate ground water quality. Secondarily it may also deteriorate surface water quality in rainy season. There may be health problems due to drinking of this polluted ground & surface water. Crops may get disease by using this
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polluted ground water & surface water. Surrounding villagers, birds, animals may get disease by consuming these polluted crops. Mitigation Measures : 1. Industry will consume fresh water with the quantity of 10 KL/day. Even though the industry will provide rain water storage tank in the premises so that fresh water consumption will be reduced. 2. Domestic wastewater generated will be disposed off through septic tank /soak pit system. 3. The final treated industrial effluent from effluent treatment plant will be evaporated in an evaporator. Therefore, no effluent will be required to be discharged and the stated process would be a ZERO DISCHARGE process.
Thus, there will not be any adverse impact on the quantity and quality of ground water as well surface water during operation phase. Air Quality The operational activities are usually expected to have long-term impacts on air quality. Operation activity : 1. The major source of air pollution due to proposed activity will be flue gas emissions from the TFH. 2. The fugitive emissions of Particulate Matter (PM) will likely to arise during various stages of operations such as material unloading, material transfer and storage etc. Impacts : 1. Due to dispersion of air pollutants in the atmosphere, nearby villagers may get disease of lung & health issues. 2. Secondarily there may also be decrease in productivity of crops & disease in plants. 3. The concentrations of pollutants at the ground levels have been computed using computer simulation model to assess the impact of emissions for the proposed activity. 4. Impacts of emissions on air quality have been evaluated using
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dispersion model (AERMOD VIEW) which are described in Section 4.8 of this Chapter. Mitigation measures : 1. All necessary air pollution control steps will be provided like Multi cyclone separator followed by Bag filter to control air pollution. 2. Based on the results of the dispersion model for the Ground Level Concentrations of various pollutants after the commissioning of the proposed activity, it is concluded that all the pollutants will be within the NAAQ standards. 3. Entire manufacturing activity will be carried out in closed reactors / vessels and regular checking and maintenance of the same will be carried out to avoid any leakages. All the motors of pumps for the handling of hazardous chemicals will be flame proof and provided with suitable mechanical seal with stand-by arrangement.
Thus, there will not be any adverse impact on the quality of air during operation phase of the proposed project. Noise The operational activities are usually expected to have long-term impacts on Noise. Operation activity : 1. Thermic fluid heater operation, D. G. Set operation & pump & other machineries operation. Impacts : 1. The workers working in the process area / TFH area & D. G. set area may get deafness after long time. Mitigation measures : 1. The specifications for procuring major noise generating machines/equipment shall include built in design requirements to have minimum noise levels meeting Occupational Safety and Health Association (OSHA) requirement. 2. Appropriate noise barriers/shields, silencers etc. shall be provided in the equipment wherever feasible. Noise
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emanating from noisy equipment shall be adequately attenuated by enclosure, insulation etc. 3. Green belt area will be provided to prevent noise pollution at boundary of the industrial premises.
Thus, there will not be any adverse impact anticipated on surrounding environment due to noise pollution of the proposed project. Geo Operation activity : Hydrology 1. Leakages & spillage of Effluent 2. Leakage of chemicals 3. Water consumption from bore well Impacts : 1. Leakage & spillage of effluent & chemicals may get pollute the soil & also it contaminates the ground water quality. 2. Secondarily it may also deteriorate surface water quality in rainy season. There may be health problems due to drinking of this polluted ground & surface water. Crops may get disease by using this polluted ground water & surface water. Surrounding villagers, birds, animals may get disease by consuming these polluted crops. 3. Ground water depletion Mitigation measures : 1. There should be proper collection and handling of effluent to avoid any leakages and spillages. 2. It is recommended to provide pucca flooring in the process area as well as in chemical storage area. Chemical storage area is to be provided with dyke wall to control or stop the effluent discharge on land which may contaminate soil. 3. Industry should explore the possibility of reuse/recycle and other cleaner production options for reduction of waste and to conserve fresh water. 4. Specific mitigation as the creation of sediment retention basins or planting of rapidly growing vegetation to improve the moist condition of soil and control soil erosion.
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Thus, there will not be any adverse impact anticipated on surrounding geo hydrology due to the proposed project. Geology & Operation activity : Soil 1. Industrial process activity 2. Raw material storage & solid / hazardous waste storage 3. TFH operation Impacts : 1. There are minimal chances that air borne fugitive dust from the project may likely get deposited in the immediate vicinity. 2. Spillage & leakage from storage of raw materials & solid / hazardous waste may contaminate the soil & simultaneously ground water . Mitigation measures : 1. The flue gas emissions will be controlled by an effective dust extraction and suppression system and source emission by installing highly efficient bag filter/ other pollution control facilities at suitable locations. 2. The storage and handling of raw materials shall be done properly to prevent any spillage & leakage. 3. Hazardous wastes will be stored at earmarked area with impervious flooring, shed and spillage/leakage collection system to eliminate rainwater contamination, chances of overflow / spillages going on to the land and thus land/ soil contamination. 4. The hazardous waste generated during the operation phase, will be properly disposed so that there is no spill and contamination of land. The hazardous waste will be sent for disposal to authorized TSDF on regular basis as per the Hazardous Waste Rules.
Thus, there will not be any adverse impact anticipated on surrounding geology & soil due to the proposed project. Ecology There is no any sanctuary and national park within the 10 km area and from the proposed project site. Also no rare and endangered flora Biodiversity and fauna have been reported during study in 10 km area
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surrounding to the project site. Proposed project will be carried out in open land and no vegetation will be required to be cleared. Operation activity : 1. Industrial process activity 2. The chances of adverse effect on ecology due to the proposed project may occur due to air pollution caused by flue gases emissions. Impacts : 1. Loss of nearby vicinity flora & fauna and affect the food chain of the eco system. Mitigation measures : 1. Unit has proposed adequate environmental management systems and the same will be efficiently operated during the operation of project. 2. Regular monitoring of various parameters will be carried out.
Thus, there will not be any adverse impact anticipated on surrounding ecology due to the proposed project. On the contrary, greenbelt development will have positive impact on the surrounding flora and fauna. Socio- Beneficial Impacts of the proposed project: Economic 1. The proposed project activity will be benefitted by direct & indirect employment leading to better lifestyle. 2. Standard of living of population surrounding the project is likely to be improved as proposed project will generate employment for local people of the nearby area. 3. Educational, medical and housing facilities in the study area will considerably improve. 4. In addition, unit will carry out CER activities in the nearby area in the field of health, sanitation, medical aids, educational aid and contribution in infrastructural development which will have beneficial impacts on socio-economic environment.
Overall, there will not be any adverse impact anticipated on surrounding socio-economic environment due to the proposed
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project but there will be beneficial impacts on the surrounding socio- economic environment.
Health & Operation activity : Safety 1. Operation of project activities like processing, storage, and transport facilities. Impacts : 2. Soap floor workers of the industry may get health issues due to fugitive emission. 3. Due to storage of chemicals, there may be chances of any leakages & spillage. 4. Due to storage of toluene, xylene, styrene, there may be chances of VOC emission and explosions 5. Due to transportation of vehicles, fugitive emission may occur. Mitigation measures : 1. All the raw materials will be stored in isolated storage area and containers will be kept tightly closed.
2. All the motors of pumps for the handling of hazardous chemicals will be flame proof and provided with suitable mechanical seal with stand-by arrangement.
3. The control of all parameters on a continuous basis will be done by adequate control valves, pressure release valves and safety valves etc.
4. All the flange joints of the pipe lines will be covered with flange guards.
5. Unit will install portable detection system VOCs in the process area.
6. Moreover, Unit will carry out regular work place monitoring. 7. The industry will incorporate all the necessary safety aspects in planning, designing and operation of the plant as per standard practices. 8. In the proposed unit, clean drinking water and sanitation
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facilities will be provided to workers. 9. All the necessary personal protective equipment (PPE) will be provided for the respective works. 10.Unit will provide such arrangements to minimize manual handling of chemicals and hazardous wastes. 11.Wherever possible, the automatic chemical transfer systems will be provided to avoid any leakage during hazardous material transfer. 12.Regular health check-ups will be carried out for all workers and record will be maintained. 13.Medical, fire and safety trainings will be given time-to-time. 14.Moreover, unit will provide proper environmental management system and operate the same efficiently.
Thus, there will not be any possibility of adverse impact on workers health. Thus, no significant impact on health and safety will be occurred due to the proposed project activity.
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4.8 Impact on Air Quality
A. Input data of Flue Gas Stack
The proposed unit will operate Thermic Fluid Heater to generate heat (energy) required during manufacturing process. The details of flue gas stack are given in Table 4.8.
Table 4.8: Details of Flue Gas Stacks
Sr. Stack Fuel APC Expected Stack attached to No. Height Requirement System Pollutant Thermic Fluid 1 Heater - 1 (8 Lakh Kcal/hr) Multi- Thermic Fluid Bio-coal – 5 Cyclone 2 Heater - 2 MT/Day + 30 m Separator SPM d 150 (8 Lakh Kcal/hr) Coal followed by mg/Nm3 Thermic Fluid 3.5 MT/day Bag Filter SO2 d 100 ppm Heater – 3 3 NO2 d 50 ppm (Stand-by) (6 Lakh Kcal/hr) 4 D.G. set* HSD Adequate (75 KVA) 5 m 43.33 stack height Liters/Hr. Note: * D. G. set will be used as back-up when power failure and HSD is considered as clean fuel. Input data: Stack Identification : Stack attached to Thermic Fluid Heater Stack Height : 30 m Vent Diameter : 1 m Flow rate : 4.528 m3/sec Exit stack gas velocity : 5.768 m/s Exit gas temperature : 150 oC Ambient temperature : 25 oC
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Table 4.9: Expected Pollutants and its Emission Rate
Expected Pollutants Emission Rate
Particulate Matters (PM10) 19.006 g/sec
Sulfur Dioxide 0.8067 g/sec
Nitrogen Dioxide 3.9428 g/sec
B. Primary Meteorological Data:
Primary meteorological data have been used for AERMOD View. The said primary data is attached as Annexure - 9.
Assessment of Impact on AAQ:
The AERMOD model is used to predict the centerline ground level concentrations of Particulate Matter, Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide in the surrounding study area. The prediction is done in relation to the source strength and meteorological conditions for the study period.
The Ground Level Concentrations (GLCs) for Particulate Matter, Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide in the study area for all the stability conditions are calculated for the maximum emission load. For the calculations, meteorological data like average wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, temperature, precipitation, cloud cover and ceiling height for the period of 14/09/2018 to 6/12/2018 and emission rate of PM10, SO2 & NO2 and height & diameter of the stack is considered.
Predicted ground level concentrations of PM10, SO2 and NO2 are presented in the Figure 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and Table 4.10, 4.11 & 4.12.
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Figure 4.1 Ground Level Concentration of PM10
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Figure 4.2 Ground Level Concentration of SO2
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Figure 4.3 Ground Level Concentration of NO2
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Table 4.10: Predicted 24 hourly short term incremental Concentrations of PM10
Existing Total PM10
monitored Predicted PM10 Concentrations Sr. Monitoring Distance Direction maximum PM10 Concentration after the proposed No. Location (km) concentration (ΐg/m3) project (ΐg/m3) (ΐg/m3)
1 Project Site 0 -- 75.66 0.08 75.74
2 Kalyanpura* 7.56 NE 89.44 0.15 89.59
3 Sachana* 2.69 ENE 85.46 0.7 86.16 4 3.4 WSW 76.48 1.5 77.98
5 8.18 SW 68.75 0.3 69.05
6 1.55 NW 79.81 0.45 80.26 7 1.32 SSE 72.41 1.8 74.21 8 8.16 WNW 82.48 0.19 82.67 Note: * Downwind direction
Table 4.11: Predicted 24 hourly short term incremental Concentrations of SO2
Existing Total SO2
monitored Predicted SO2 Concentrations Sr. Monitoring Distance Direction maximum SO2 Concentration after the proposed No. Location (km) Concentration (ΐg/m3) project (ΐg/m3) (ΐg/m3) 1 Project Site 0 -- 11.79 0.02 11.81 2 Kalyanpura* 7.56 NE 19.88 0.12 20.00
3 Sachana* 2.69 ENE 21.74 0.55 22.29
4 3.4 WSW 10.96 0.18 11.14
5 8.18 SW 15.88 0.07 15.95
6 1.55 NW 13.22 0.15 13.37 7 1.32 SSE 17.74 0.35 18.09 8 8.16 WNW 12.85 0.09 12.94 Note: *Downwind direction
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Table 4.12: Predicted 24 hourly short term incremental Concentrations of NO2
Existing Total NO2
monitored Predicted NO2 Concentrations Sr. Monitoring Distance Direction maximum NO2 Concentration after the proposed No. Location (km) Concentration (ΐg/m3) project (ΐg/m3) (ΐg/m3) 1 Project Site 0 -- 25.21 0.08 25.29
2 Kalyanpura* 7.56 NE 32.98 0.4 33.38 3 Sachana* 2.69 ENE 29.38 2.5 31.88
4 Karakthal 3.4 WSW 24.72 1.0 25.72
5 Liya 8.18 SW 15.58 0.35 15.93
6 Jakhwada 1.55 NW 26.80 0.55 27.35
Kalyanpur 7 1.32 SSE 27.85 2.0 29.85 (Shiyal) Hansalpur 8 8.16 WNW 28.93 0.48 29.41 Sareshwar Note: *Downwind direction
After the establishment of the proposed project, these concentrations are found to be well below the permissible NAAQs norms for rural/residential zone and Industrial zone. Therefore, the proposed activity will not have any adverse impact on the air environment.
4.9 Existing Traffic & Vehicular Pollution
Traffic survey has been carried out on Viramgam – Sachana Highway (NH 947). Based on the traffic survey hourly vehicular traffic has been calculated. Considering worst case scenario, average number of vehicles observed during 4 hours has been taken as hourly counts. Passenger Car Unit (PCU) has been calculated by applying PCU factor. Proposed load of trucks due to the movement of raw materials, fuel and products has been calculated. A design capacity of road has been taken from the Indian Road Congress. Assessment of proposed traffic load is given below in Table 4.13.
From the table below, it can be concluded that even for considering the worst
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case; there will be minor increase in vehicular load due to the proposed project. However, the total traffic load even after the proposed project will be very low compared to the design capacity of roads. Adequate parking arrangements will be provided within the industrial premises.
As no major increase in traffic due to the proposed project, there will be less chance of increase in vehicular pollution. However, unit will take adequate measures by instructing transporter for using only PUC certified trucks/vehicles and carrying out regular service and maintenance of them.
Table 4.13: Assessment of Proposed Traffic Load
Viramgam to Sachana HW – N H 947 PCU Factor Type of Vehicles Average Equivalent as per Indian Vehicles Per PCU Road Code Hour (Worst (Passenger Car Case) Unit) per hour Large Trailer 24 108.0 4.5 Heavy (Bus, Truck, etc) 53 159.0 3 Medium (Tractors, light 48 72.0 1.5 commercial vehicles etc) Light (Car, Jeep, Pickup Van etc.) 77 77.0 1 3 Wheeler (Rickshaw) 35 35.0 1 2 Wheeler (Scooter, motorcycle, 105 53.0 0.5 cycle etc) Total PCU/hr 504 Width of Road (m) 24 Design PCU per hour 1459 Existing PCU per hour 504 Proposed Load (Trucks/day) 41 Proposed PCU per day 123 As a Worst Scenario taken Proposed PCU per day as PCU 123 per hour Total PCU per hour after the 627 Proposed Project
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. CHAPTER - 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
5.1 Introduction:
Alternative analysis is the process of analyzing the proposed location for suitability for basic necessities to operate the plant efficiently and safely. This analysis also covers the environmental aspect of pollution prevention and improvement in quality of life around the project vicinity. The project alternative is the course of action in pace of another, that would meet the same purpose and need, but which would avoid or minimize negative impacts and enhance project benefits. Such projects may result in specific impacts which can be avoided or mitigated by adherence to certain predetermined performance standards, guidelines or design criteria. Alternative approaches may therefore be more effective in integrating environmental and social concerns into the project planning process.
5.2 Project Details:
M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP is proposing to manufacture different types of Resins at Survey No.: 782, Village : Jakhwada, Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
Proposed product manufacturing activities are falls under 5(f) category – Synthetic Organic Chemicals Industry (dyes & dye intermediates; bulk drugs and intermediates excluding drug formulations; synthetic rubbers; basic organic chemicals, other synthetic organic chemicals and chemical intermediates) and therefore prior Environmental Clearance (EC) is required.
5.3 Site Alternative:
The project site is in proximity of Ahmedabad region of Gujarat State. Project proponent is very well familiar with the surrounding environment; therefore, it becomes easy for the unit to set up the project on above stated location. T. R. Associates (Ahmedabad) Chapter-5: Analysis of Alternatives NABET Accredited 5.1
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The other supporting features are briefly summarized hereunder:
9 Availability of adequate land; 9 Availability of all basic facilities like infrastructure, communication, transportation, medical facilities, fuel, water, power, unskilled & skilled manpower, raw materials, road network etc. 9 Proximity of market; 9 Nearest city – Ahmedabad is around 30.35 km away from the project site which is very well connected with other parts of the country by road & rail; 9 No R & R will be required; 9 Easy availability of manpower; 9 No national park or wildlife habitats fall within 10 km radial distance from the project site.
The location of the project is best suited to start the proposed manufacturing activities. So, no alternatives for site are analysed.
5.4 Alternative for Technologies:
Table 5.1: Details of Proposed Technology Alternatives
Sr. Particular Proposed Technologies Alternatives No. 1 Wastewater Wastewater treatment Proposed ETP is adequate to Generation plant consisting of achieve zero discharge. primary treatment units followed by evaporator system.
Domestic wastewater Domestic wastewater will be disposed off generation quantity is very through septic tank/soak minimal. So, the disposal pit system. mechanism is adequate.
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Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Sr. Particular Proposed Technologies Alternatives No. 2 Air Multi cyclone separator Proposed APCM is adequate Emissions followed by Bag Filter to keep emission within the will be provided as statutory limit. APCM for stack attached to Thermic Fluid Heater 3 Solid/ Solid & Hazardous As proposed disposal facilities Hazardous Waste will be stored in are safe disposal facilities and Waste separate storage area also guided by authority. No and Hazardous Waste thoughts are required to finally disposed to switching on other alternative. approved TSDF/CHWIF site, reuse of waste & disposal by selling to registered recycler.
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CHAPTER – 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM
6.1 Introduction
Environmental monitoring describes the processes and activities that need to take place to characterise and monitor the quality of the environment. Environmental monitoring is an important step for conducting Environmental Impact Assessment well as in many circumstances in which human activities carry a risk of harmful effects on the natural environment. All monitoring strategies and programs have reasons and justifications which are often designed to establish the current status of an environment or to establish trends in environmental parameters. In all cases the results of monitoring will be reviewed and analysed statistically.
Environmental monitoring program is designed to understand how the environmental changes over the time. Therefore, regular monitoring program of the environmental parameters is essential to take into account the changes in the environment. The objectives of environmental monitoring program are;
1. To verify the results of the impact assessment study in particular with regard to new development; 2. To follow the trend of parameters which have been identified as critical; 3. To check or assess the efficiency of the pollution control measures; 4. To ensure that new parameters, other than those identified in the impact assessment study, do not become critical through the commissioning of new installations; 5. To check assumption made with regard to the development and to detect deviations in order to initiate necessary measures; and 6. To establish a database for future Impact Assessment Studies for new projects.
Post project environmental monitoring programme will be conducted for various environmental components as per the conditions stipulated in Environmental Clearance Letter issued by SEIAA, Gujarat & Consent to
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Establish / Consent to Operate issued by GPCB. Six monthly compliance reports will be submitted on regular basis to SEIAA, Gujarat by 1st of June & 1st of December. Compliance Report for conditions stipulated in Consent to operate will be submitted to GPCB on regular basis. Various environmental components and pollution sources, which will be monitored under environmental monitoring programme are stack emission, ambient air quality, water quality and noise levels.
6.2 Environmental Monitoring Program
The various environmental components and pollution sources which would be monitored under environmental monitoring programme includes stack emission, ambient air quality, liquid effluent, soil, noise levels and meteorological data. Monitoring/sampling and analysis/measurement of various environmental parameters will be carried out as per national/international standard methods (IS/APHA/validated method). Details of the post project Environmental Monitoring programme which would be undertaken for various environmental components, listed in Table - 6.1.
All the data and reports of monitoring of all parameters as stated in monitoring program will be properly maintained and timely reviewed by management for taking corrective or preventive actions. Monitoring reports will be regularly submitted to the concerned authorities as per their requirements.
Table 6.1: Environmental Monitoring Program
Sr. Monitoring Location Particulars Parameters No. Frequency Air Pollution Stacks Monitoring (All Stacks) Twice in a year As per GPCB A Consent 1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring As per GPCB B Twice in a year (2 Locations within premises) Consent Work area monitoring C Twice in a year VOCs (2 Locations in process plant)
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Sr. Monitoring Location Particulars Parameters No. Frequency Water and Wastewater Quality A Raw water i Water from Borewell Twice in a year As per IS 10500 2 B Effluents Industrial effluent Twice in week pH, COD, TDS, TSS i (Untreated & Treated) Monthly As per EC/CC&A Ambient Noise Levels 3 All prominent places within i Twice in a year -- premises Soil 4 (1 within the premises and 1 from Once in a year General parameters vicinity)
5 ETP sludge and evaporation residue Twice in a year General parameters
6 Safety Audit Once in Two years All safety aspects All relevant test 7 Occupation health (medical checkups) Pre, post and regular according to working profile Survival rate and 8 Greenbelt development Periodic growth
6.3 Budget for Implementation of Environmental Monitoring Plan
GPCB approved agency will carry out monitoring/sampling, analysis and charge/cost will be as specified by the GPCB. Annual budget allocated towards environmental monitoring with respect to the proposed project is approx. Rs. 1.87 Lakhs per Annum as described in Table - 6.2.
Total 6.2: Budget for Implementation of Environmental Monitoring Plan
Total Frequency of Particulars Quantity Parameters Budget Monitoring (INR)
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Total Frequency of Particulars Quantity Parameters Budget Monitoring (INR)
Stack All flue gas Twice in a year PM, SO2, NO2 or Approx. Monitoring stack or as per EC specified by GPCB 33,000/year and CCA in their consent
Ambient Air Minimum 2 Twice in a year PM2.5, PM10, SO2, Approx.
Quality location within or as per EC NO2 or specified 34,000/year Monitoring the premises and CCA by GPCB in their consent Work zone 2 to 3 Twice in a year Dust Approx. Fugitive locations VOC 16,000/year Monitoring Wastewater ETP inlet Monthly pH, COD, TDS, Approx. Analysis TSS 30,000/year Evaporation Monthly As per GPCB Outlet consent Water Intake water Twice in a year As per IS: 10500 Approx. Analysis source 3,300/year Ambient --- Twice in a year -- Approx. Noise 5,000/year Soil Analysis 1 within the Once in a year -- Approx. premises and 5,000/year 1 from vicinity ETP Waste 1 sample Twice in a year -- Approx. 5,000/year Occupation 70 persons Pre, post and Medical Checkups Approx. Health regular 56,000/year Approx. TOTAL 1,87,300/year
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. CHAPTER - 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES
A. Public Consultation
All the aspects of the TORs are incorporated in the draft EIA/EMP report, the same has been submitted to the Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) for conducting public hearing/public consultation as per EIA Notification, 2006 and its subsequent amendments.
Public Consultation/Public Hearing minutes will be included in the EIA report after Public Hearing.
B. Social Impact Assessment, R & R Action Plan The socio-economic study of the study area is carried out and details are presented in the Chapter-3/Section- 3.9. It may be noted that the proposed project is to be established on Non Agricultural land. The project site is intended for the industrial purpose and thus no displacement of villagers/people will take place. Therefore, the R&R (Rehabilitation & Resettlement) policy/plan is not undertaken. However, the direct financial and social benefits with special emphasis on the benefit to the local people will be preferred and the proposed budgets for Corporate Environmental Responsibility (CER) activities are summarized in Chapter- 8 /Section- 8.5.
C. Risk Assessment Study
The said study report is presented in next page.
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Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. 7.1 Overview of Project M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP is proposing to manufacture different types of Resin at Survey No.: 782, Village: Jakhwada, Taluka: Viramgam, District: Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The total production capacity of proposed unit for Resin is 10080 MT/Month. Total land area is 16532 m2. The total estimated cost of the proposed project is Rs. 9.5 Crores. Total budget allocation towards Environmental Management Facilities will be approx. Rs. 82 Lakhs. Major plant machinery to be installed are storage tanks, reactors (MOC: MS), utilities which includes Thermic Fluid Heater (TFH) and Cooling Towers. 7.2 Surrounding Area M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP is proposing to manufacture different types of Resin at Survey No.: 782, Village: Jakhwada, Taluka: Viramgam, District: Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Nearest village is Jakhwada which is about 1.54 km far from the project site in north-west direction. National Highway 947 – 1.32 km in North direction from the project site. Details of surrounding area is prescribed in topic number 2.2.2, table 2.1 in chapter no.2. 7.2.1 Objective, Scope and Methodology
A. Objective
Risk Assessment (RA) techniques used to determine risk posed to people who work inside or live near hazardous facilities, and to aid in preparing effective emergency response plans by delineating a Disaster Management Plan (DMP) to handle onsite and offsite emergencies.
B. Scope of the study
x Hazard Identification - Identifying sources of accidents involving release of hazardous material in the atmosphere and the various ways (that is scenarios) they could occur. x Consequence Assessment - Estimating the probable zone of impact of T. R. Associates (Ahmedabad) Chapter-7: Additional Studies NABET Accredited 7.2
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Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. accidents as well as the scale and/or probability of damages with respect to human beings and plant equipment and other structures. x Risk Estimation - Combining accident consequence and frequency to obtain risk distribution within and beyond a process plant.
C. Risk Analysis Methodology:
x Hazard Identification x Select Most Credible Scenario which can culminate into an accident out of several major and minor. x Select Worst Case Scenario which has the highest potential to cause an accident of maximum damage x Consequence Analysis due to failure of equipment: in the plant in the form of fire, explosion and toxic effects x Estimation of effect of damage 7.3 Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis The hazard identification and risk analysis is used to identify possible accidents and estimate their frequency and consequences. While identifying hazards only those areas of plants having potential risk are used further for risk analysis. Hazard is considered as characteristic of system/plant/process that presents potential for an accident. Hence, all the components of a system/plant/process are thoroughly examined to assess their potential for initiating or propagating an unplanned event/sequence of events, which can be termed as an accident. 7.3.1 Hazard Identification Methods Hazard identification method used or the proposed plant is given below.
¾ Identification of major hazardous units based on Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 of Government of India (as amended in 2000); and ¾ Preliminary Process Hazard Analysis: Hazard associated with raw material storage, Process, plant machineries and equipment has been identified and details of the same are given in Table no. 7.4 & 7.5. T. R. Associates (Ahmedabad) Chapter-7: Additional Studies NABET Accredited 7.3
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7.3.2 Identification of Hazardous Chemicals used within Premises Raw materials used in the manufacturing of the proposed products will be stored in drums, tanks and HDPE bags. Separate storage area will be provided as per the physical properties of the raw material.
Details of storage of each raw material are given in Table 7.1. Among all these raw material, the chemicals which fall under Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 (as amended in 2000) have been identified. Storage details of products are given in Table 7.3. Chemical and physical properties of raw materials are given in Table 7.2.
Table 7.1 Storage Details of Raw Materials
Storage Sr. Capacity MT/ MOC of Nos. of Total Raw Material Capacity Inventory No. MT/M Day storage storage Capacity Days 572.0 + MS/SS Vegetable Fatty 1 150.40 = 28.89 Cladding 3 tank 50 MT 150 MT 5 days Acid 722.4 Tank 726.0 + Phthalic 500.0 + HDPE 2 49.06 9800 bag 25 kg 245 MT 5 days Anhydride* 0.42 = Bag 1226.42 276.80 + MS/SS 600.0 + 3 Glycerine 39.44 Cladding 3 tank 50 MT 150 MT 5 days 109.20 = Tank 986.0 500 .0 + MS/SS 4 Toluene/Xylene* 374.12 = 34.96 Cladding 3 tank 50 MT 150 MT 5 days 874.12 Tank HDPE 5 Di Acid 902.40 36.09 7200 bag 25 kg 180 MT 5 days Bag Ethylene HDPE 500 6 541.50 21.66 220 L 110 MT 5 days Diamine Drum drums Mono Acid* HDPE 7 200.00 8.0 1600 bag 25 kg 40 MT 5 days Bag MS/SS 8 Butyl Glycol 700.00 28.0 Cladding 3 tank 50 MT 150 MT 5 days Tank 100.00 + MS/SS 9 Styrene* 800.00 = 36.0 Cladding 3 tank 50 MT 150 MT 5 days 900.0 Tank
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Storage Sr. Capacity MT/ MOC of Nos. of Total Raw Material Capacity Inventory No. MT/M Day storage storage Capacity Days HDPE 682 10 Met acrylate * 750.00 30.0 220 150 MT 5 days Dru dru s HDPE 864 11 Acrylates 950.00 38.0 220 190 MT 5 days Dru dru s
HDPE 409 12 osin 438.50 17.54 220 90 MT 5 days Dru dru s
MS/SS 13 E o y esin 846.00 33.84 Cladding 3 tank 50 MT 150 MT 5 days Tank HDPE 2400 14 Bis P enol A* 283.80 11.35 25 kg 60 MT 5 days Bag bags MS/SS 15 P enol * 13.92 0.56 Cladding 1 tank 20 MT 20 MT 30 days Tank 16.17 + 16.08 + MS/SS or alde yde* 16 15.58 + 2.14 Cladding 1 tank 4.5 MT 4.5 MT 2 days 37 5.60 = Tank 53.43 0.15 + HDPE 17 Caustic Soda* 0.12 + 0.016 8 bags 25 kg 0.2 MT 12.5 days Bag 0.13 = 0.4
HDPE 18 Mela ine 10.80 0.43 120 bags 25 kg 3 MT 7 days Bag
HDPE 19 rea 10.56 0.42 120 bags 25 kg 3 MT 7 days Bag
0.005 HDPE 20 Acetic Acid* 0.13 2 bags 25 kg 0.05 MT 9.5 days 2 Bag Cyclo HDPE 21 2.80 0.112 4 dru s 220 0.88 MT 7.8 days He anone* Dru * Hazardous chemicals as per MSIHC rule, 2000
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Table 7.2Chemical Properties of Hazardous Chemicals
Toxicity Level Flammable Limit Sr. TLV/ Chemical Class Chemicals LD50 LD50 Class (As per MSIHC No. TWA LC50 LEL FP BP Oral Dermal UEL % (As per Petroleum Rules) mg/l % 0C 0C mg/Kg mg/Kg Classification) TWA: Acute: >210 6.1 Acute: Phthalic >10000 mg/m 1 151.67°C(CC) 1. (mg/m3) 1500 1.7 10.4 295°C - - Anhydride* [rabbit] hour 165°C (OC) from [mouse]. [rat] ACGIH TWA: >570 10 Acute: Acute: mg/m3 Not 2. Glycerine* (mg/m3) 10000 0.9 160°C(CC) 290°C - - 4090 [Rat]. 1 hour available from [Rabbit]. [Rat]. ACGIH Acute: Acute: 440 Very Highly TWA: Acute: 636 4.4°C(CC) 110.6° 3. Toluene* 14100 mg/m 1.1 7.1 A flammable and 200 ppm [Rat]. 16°C (OC) C [Rabbit] 4 hours toxic [Mouse]. 5000 TWA: Acute: 1700 mg/m3 4 24°C(CC) 138.5° 4. Xylene* 100 1 7 B Flammable 4300 [Rat]. [Rabbit] hours 37.8°C (OC) C (ppm) [Rat].
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Toxicity Level Flammable Limit Sr. TLV/ Chemical Class Chemicals LD50 LD50 Class (As per MSIHC No. TWA LC50 LEL FP BP Oral Dermal UEL % (As per Petroleum Rules) mg/l % 0C 0C mg/Kg mg/Kg Classification)
5. Mono Acid* ------
12000 TWA: Acute: Not ppm 31.1°C (CC) 6. Styrene* 1.1 6.1 145.2°C B Flammable 50 ppm 2650 [Rat]. available 4 hours. 36.7°C (OC) [Rat]. 5303.3 TWA: Acute: Not ppm 4 13°C(CC) 7. Methacrylate * 2.1 12.5 100°C A Flammable 100 ppm 7872 [Rat] available hour(s) 19°C(OC) [Rat] 2,000 - 6,400 170 8. Bis Phenol A* - 5,000 Not available 227 °C(CC) 220 °C - mg/kg mg/m3 mg/kg 79 (CC) Flammable, Toxic, 9. Phenol* 5 ppm 317 669 125 1.7 8.6 182 C 85 (OC) Hazardous 64000 Formaldehyde* 0.75 50 (CC) Flammable, Toxic, 10. 100 15800 ppm/ 4 6 36.5 98 B (37%) ppm 60 (OC) Hazardous hr 2 11. Caustic Soda* N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A 1388 -- Hazardous mg/m3 27 5620 33 0C (CC) Flammable 12. Acetic Acid* 3310 1060 4 19.9 118.1 B mg/m3 ppm per 43 0C (OC) Corrosive
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Toxicity Level Flammable Limit Sr. TLV/ Chemical Class Chemicals LD50 LD50 Class (As per MSIHC No. TWA LC50 LEL FP BP Oral Dermal UEL % (As per Petroleum Rules) mg/l % 0C 0C mg/Kg mg/Kg Classification) 1 hr 43.8 0C (CC) 13. Cyclo Hexanone* 50 ppm 1516 1400 527 mg/l 1.1 9.4 155.6 B Flammable 46 0C (OC) Note: * Hazardous chemicals as per MSIHC rule, 2000 Note: CC: Close Cup; OC: Open Cup; N.A.: Not Available.
The Toxicity level of hazardous chemicals as per Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical (Amendment) Rules, 2000 (MSIHC) is shown as below:
Oral Toxicity LD50 Dermal Toxicity LD50 Inhalation Toxicity LC50 Sr. No Toxicity (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/l) 1 Extremely Toxic >5 <40 <0.5 2 Highly Toxic >5- 50 >40-200 <0.5-2 3 Toxic >50-200 >200-1000 >2-10 7.3.3 Storage Details of Products Details of products along with its capacity and storage are given in Table 7.3.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Table 7.3: Storage Details of Products
Sr. Product name Capacity Capacity MOC of storage Nos. of storage Capacity Total Capacity No. MT/Month MT/Day (MT) (MT) Fiber drum / 1 Alkyd Resin 2000 80 364 0.220 80 Plastic drum Fiber drum / 2 Polyamide Resin 1500 60 273 0.220 60 Plastic drum Fiber drum / 3 Polyester Resin 2000 80 364 0.220 80 Plastic drum Fiber drum / 4 Acrylic Resin 2500 100 455 0.220 100 Plastic drum Fiber drum / 5 Rosin Ester 500 20 91 0.220 20 Plastic drum Fiber drum / 6 Epoxy Resin 1500 60 273 0.220 60 Plastic drum Fiber drum / 7 Phenol Formaldehyde Resin 25 1 5 0.220 1 Plastic drum Melamine Formaldehyde Fiber drum / 8 25 1 5 0.220 1 Resin Plastic drum Fiber drum / 9 Urea Formaldehyde Resin 25 1 5 0.220 1 Plastic drum Fiber drum / 10 Ketonic Resin 5 -- 4 0.220 0.8 Plastic drum
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Table 7.4: Identification Hazard Associated with Storage of Raw Materials Type of Name of Hazard Sr. hazard / material Rating Causes Effect Control Measures proposed No. Risk stored Systems involved TLV – 5 PPM ¾Toxic ¾Glands/seal ¾ Toxic when contact ¾ Dyke wall will be provided to all Chemicals leaks in valves, with Skin above ground storage tank. NFPA Exposure pumps, ¾ Causes burns ¾ Fire hydrant system will be Ratings: Risks ¾Hose/pipe ¾ Toxic if swallowed installed. Health:3; failure, leakage ¾ Irritating to Skin, ¾ Safety shower and eye washer Phenol Flammability: ¾Fire from flanged Eyes and Respiratory will be installed near storage
(1) 2; /Explosion joints carrying System area. 20 MT tank Instability: 0 phenol ¾ Flame proof Electrical fittings Ambient ¾Overflow from will be provided at flammable Flash Point: storage tanks storage area. 79.440C ¾ Proper selection of MOC for chemicals storage tank. ¾ Earthing/bonding will be TLV – 0.75 ¾Toxic ¾Glands/seal ¾ Very toxic by provided for static charges. Formaldehyde PPM Chemicals leaks in valves, inhalation, in contact ¾ Flame arrestor will be provided (2) (37%) Exposure pumps with skin, Very toxic on flammable material storage 4.0 MT tank NFPA Risks ¾Hose/pipe if swallowed. tank vent. Ratings: failure, leakage ¾ Causes burns. ¾ Level gauge and level
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Type of Name of Hazard Sr. hazard / material Rating Causes Effect Control Measures proposed No. Risk stored Systems involved Health - 3 from flanged ¾ Limited evidence of a measurement instrument will be Flammability joints carrying carcinogenic effect. provided on material storage - 2 Formaldehyde ¾ Risk of serious tank. Reactivity - 0 ¾Fire (37%) damage to the eyes. ¾ Lightening arrestor on all /Explosion ¾Overflow from ¾ May cause chimney and building will be Flash Point: storage tanks sensitization by skin provided. 500C contact. ¾ Hazardous material should be stored away from the plant and safe distance shall be maintained. ¾ Safety permit system will be followed for loading, unloading of hazardous chemical. ¾ Fencing, caution note, hazardous identification board should be provided. ¾ Only authorized person will be permitted in storage tank area and register will be maintained.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Type of Name of Hazard Sr. hazard / material Rating Causes Effect Control Measures proposed No. Risk stored Systems involved ¾ Dyke wall will be provided to all above ground storage tank. ¾ Fire hydrant system will be ¾ EXPOSURE TO HIGH installed. TWA – 20 CONCENTRATIONS: ¾ Safety shower and eye washer PPM ¾Glands/seal Headache. Nausea. will be installed near storage leaks in valves, Feeling of weakness. area. ¾Toxic NFPA pumps Dizziness. Central ¾ Flame proof Electrical fittings Chemicals Ratings: ¾Hose/pipe nervous system will be provided at flammable Toluene Exposure Health:3; failure, leakage depression. Narcosis storage area. 3 (50KL x 3) Risks Flammability: from flanged ¾ Symptoms/effects ¾ Proper selection of MOC for
2; joints carrying after skin contact: chemicals storage tank. ¾Fire Instability: 0 Toluene/Xylene Tingling/irritation of ¾ Earthing/bonding will be /Explosion ¾Overflow from the skin. Red skin provided for static charges. Flash Point: storage tanks ¾ Symptoms/effects ¾ Flame arrestor will be provided 4.40C after ingestion: on flammable material storage tank vent. ¾ Level gauge and level measurement instrument will be provided on material storage
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Type of Name of Hazard Sr. hazard / material Rating Causes Effect Control Measures proposed No. Risk stored Systems involved tank. ¾ Lightening arrestor on all chimney and building will be provided. ¾ Hazardous material should be stored away from the plant and safe distance shall be maintained. ¾ Safety permit system will be followed for loading, unloading of hazardous chemical. ¾ Fencing, caution note, hazardous identification board should be provided. ¾ Only authorized person will be permitted in storage tank area and register will be maintained.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Table 7.5: Identification of Process hazards: Type of hazard Name of possible toxic Material in the hazardous gas release / fire / process / Causes Control Measures to be provided process and explosion / run operation operation away reaction / rupture, etc. x Regularly replacement of thermic fluid x Flash point variation of x Monitoring of flashpoint of thermic fluid heater thermal fluid/oil over a regularly period of time x Installing Fluid conditioning equipment in the (Thermal fluids which were not thermal fluid system flammable at the operating x Reduce the extent of mist formation by fitting Thermic x Fire/Explosion temperature when they were mist guards Fluid Oil x Heat burns initially installed but over x Avoiding lagging fires Heater time become flammable at Following type of instrumentation suggested: the operating conditions) x Install temperature indicator cum x Mist Formation around leak Controllers to indicate temperature and prevent points such as flagged joints, undesired overheating at the inlet and outlet of around valves and the system connection points in the pipe x Photo cell to sense flame failure, give alarm and
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Type of hazard Name of possible toxic Material in the hazardous gas release / fire / process / Causes Control Measures to be provided process and explosion / run operation operation away reaction / rupture, etc. line. These may create switch off the burner. explosive atmospheres being x Magnetic levels switch in the de aerator cum formed outside the pipework expansion tank to cut off the burner if the where ignition sources such thermic fluid level falls below the minimum as motors pumps and level. electrical equipment are x Synchronising mechanism exists between the present hot oil circulation pump and burner, so that the x Lagging Fire – leak and burner will not be switched on until the dispersion of oil within circulation pump reached the full speed. insulation leads to fire Formaldehyde xRelease of Heat and x Raw Materials quantity must be controlled (37%), Flammable gases either volumetrically or gravimetrically. Reactor Toluene/Xylene xFire/Explosion xFire, Toxic gas release and x Process control devices must be installed Vessel Phenol Explosion includes the use of sensors, alarms, trips and xFailure of agitator, heating or other control systems that either take automatic
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Type of hazard Name of possible toxic Material in the hazardous gas release / fire / process / Causes Control Measures to be provided process and explosion / run operation operation away reaction / rupture, etc. cooling system in the reactor action or allow for manual intervention to xFailures of external boiler, prevent the conditions for uncontrolled reaction condenser and piping system occurring. x High Temperature indicator valve and alarm system must be provided x Auto cut off system must be provided after reaching of predetermined maximum safe temperature. x Pressure gauge is must provided. x Safety Control valve is must be provided. x The Vessel Emergency Relief vent should discharge to a suitably designed catch pot or should be so positioned that people working in the area and members of the public will not be in danger if the contents of the vessel are discharged.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Type of hazard Name of possible toxic Material in the hazardous gas release / fire / process / Causes Control Measures to be provided process and explosion / run operation operation away reaction / rupture, etc. x Use skilled worker x Proper selection of MOC x Mechanical seal in all pumps and reactors x Transportation of finished product from vessel to storage tank through close pipe.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. 7.3.4 Credible Accident Sources/ Worst Case Scenarios Maximum Credible Accident (MCA) scenario indicates most believable, reasonable, likely or possible accident scenario and damage distance based on it. MCA scenario takes into account the effect of existing control measures also. It considers the malfunctioning of the control system, opening of safety valve/failure of safety valve, leakages from flange joint, pipe line etc. and failing of some safety devise.
Worst-case scenario (rarely possible) is defined as the release of the largest quantity of a regulated substance from a single vessel or process line failure that results in the greatest distance to an end point, e.g. catastrophic failure. It considers the failure of all control systems and release of the whole mass resulting in maximum damage.
Based on the storage and properties of the chemicals at the proposed resin manufacturing unit, the some typical scenarios relevant for MCA analysis is given in the following Table. Table 7.6 : Scenarios Considered for MCA Analysis
Worst Sr. Storage Toxic Chemical Pool Fire Flash fire case No. Quantity Dispersion scenario 50 MT MS/SS Cladding 1. Toluene/Xylene Tank (50 MT x 3 Nos.) 20 MT 2. Phenol - - - MS tank 4.0 MT Formaldehyde 3. MS / HDPE - - (37%) tank 50 MT 4. Styrene MS/SS Cladding
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Tank (50 MT x 3 Nos.) 7.4 Consequence Modeling Hazardous incidents start with a discharge of a flammable or toxic material from its normal containment. The release may be in the form of gas, liquid, or two phase flashing of gas-liquid.
7.4.1 Damage Criteria The storage and unloading at the storage facility may lead to fire and explosion hazards. The damage criteria due to an accidental release of any hydrocarbon arise from fire and explosion. A. Fire Damage Table 7.7 tabulates the damage effect on equipment and people due to thermal radiation intensity whereas; the effect of incident radiation intensity and exposure time on lethality is given in Table 7.8. Table 7.7: Damage Due to Incident Radiation Intensities Incident Type of Damage Intensity Sr. Radiation No. Damage to Equipment Damage to People (kW/m2)
Damage to process 100% lethality in 1 min. 1% 1 37.5 equipment lethality in 10 sec.
Minimum energy required 50% lethality in 1 min. Significant 2 25.0 to ignite wood at in injury in 10 sec. definitely long exposure Maximum thermal radiation intensity allowed on 3 19.0 thermally unprotected --- adjoining equipment
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Incident Type of Damage Intensity Sr. Radiation No. Damage to Equipment Damage to People (kW/m2) Minimum energy to ignite
4 12.5 with a flame; melts plastic 1% lethality in 1min. tubing Causes pain if duration is longer
5 4.5 than 20 sec, however blistering is --- un-likely (First degree burns) Causes no discomfort on long 6 1.6 --- exposures Source: Techniques for Assessing Industrial Hazards by World Bank. Table 7.8: Radiation Exposure and Lethality
Radiation Exposure Time Intensity Lethality (%) Degree of Burns (seconds) (kW/m2) No Discomfort
1.6 0 even after long -- exposure 4.5 20 0 1st 4.5 50 0 1st 8.0 20 0 1st 8.0 50 <1 3rd 8.0 60 <1 3rd 12.0 20 <1 2nd 12.0 50 8 3rd 12.5 -- 1 -- 25.0 -- 50 -- 37.5 -- 100 -- B. Damage due to explosion Explosion is a sudden and violent release of energy accompanied by the generation of pressure wave and a loud noise. The rate of energy release is
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. very large and has potential to cause injury to the people, damage the plant and nearby property etc.
BLEVE - fireball
A Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE) occurs when there is a sudden loss of containment of a pressure vessel containing a superheated liquid or liquefied gas. It is sudden release of large mass of pressurized superheated liquid to atmosphere. The primary cause may be external flame impinging on the shell above liquid level weakening the vessel and leading to shell rupture. Calculations are done for diameter and duration offer ball and the incident thermal flux.
Pool Fires and Jet Fires
Pool fires and jet fires are common fire types resulting from fires over pools of liquid or from pressurized releases or gas and/or liquid. They tend to be localized in effect and are mainly of concern in establishing potential for domino effects and employee safety. ALOHA Models are used to calculate various components - burning rate, pool size, and flame height, in jet fire modeling the steps followed for the thermal effects are calculation of the estimated discharge rate, total heat released, radiant fraction/source view fraction, transmissivity and thermal flux and thermal effects.
Vapor Cloud Explosion
When gaseous flammable material is released a vapor cloud forms and if it is ignited before it is diluted below its lower explosive limit, a vapor cloud explosion or a flash fire will occur. Insignificant level of confinement will result in flash fire. The vapor cloud explosion will result in over pressures. Table 7.9 tabulates the damage criteria as a result of peak over pressure of a pressure wave on structures and people.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Table 7.9: Damage Due to Peak Over Pressure
Human Injury Structural Damage Peak Over Peak Over Type of Damage Type of Damage Pressure (bar) Pressure 5 – 8 100%lethality 0.3 Heavy (90%damage) 3.5 – 5 50% lethality 0.1 Repairable (10%damage) 2 – 3 Threshold lethality 0.03 Damage of Glass 1.33 – 2 Severe lung damage 0.01 Crack of Windows
1 - 11/3 50%Eardrumrupture - - Source: Marshall, V.C. (1977)' How lethal are explosives and toxic escapes'. C. Effect due to toxic gas release Various approaches are used to determine the consequences of toxic gases: • IDLH • ERPG IDLH (“Immediate Danger to Life or Health”) is the maximum concentration from which escape is possible within 30 minutes without any escape-impairing symptoms or irreversible health effects. 7.4.2 Details of Model Used for Consequence Analysis ALOHA provide output as amount of chemical discharged from the source as well as its concentration in air it takes into account different levels of concentrations for a specified chemical.
Software used for calculation- ALOHA (AREAL LOCATIONS OF HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERES) ALOHA is a computer program designed especially for use by people responding to chemical accidents, as well as for emergency planning and training. ALOHA can predict the rates at which chemical vapors may escape into the atmosphere from broken gas pipes, leaking tanks and evaporating puddles. It can then predict how a hazardous gas cloud might disperse in the atmosphere after an accidental chemical release.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. ALOHA provides output as amount of chemical discharged from the source as well as its concentration in air it takes in to account different levels of concentrations for a specified chemical. Different concentration levels are given below:
ERPG 1: is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour without experiencing other than mild transient adverse health effects or perceiving a clearly defined, objectionable odor.
ERPG 2: is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms which could impair an individual's ability to take protective action.
ERPG 3: is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects. IDLH: The Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) level. A chemical's IDLH is an estimate of the maximum concentration in the air to which a healthy worker could be exposed without suffering permanent or escape-impairing health effects. Input data for ALOHA are as below: Weather Data: x Average Wind Speed: 5 m/sec & 2.0 m/sec x Average Ambient Temperature: 420C, 12.50C x Average Humidity: 67%, 21%, x Atmosphere Stability Class: D (windy day time), F (Extreme calm, night time)
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Chemical Properties:
Chemical properties of each hazardous chemical stored within premises are given in Table No.: 7.2. Storage Details:
Storage quantity and type of storage of chemicals is given in Table No.: 7.1.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Table 7.10: Consequence analysis and Damage Distance (Failure of raw material storage tanks)
Flammable (Distance in meter) Toxic Dispersion Fire Ball (BLEVE) Flash fire
Type of Impact Worst Case (Flammable Pool Fire Scenario Area of Vapor (meter) Name of (meter) Cloud)(meter) ERPG(3)/ Chemical Radiation ERPG(2) ERPG(1) 37.5 25 4.5 37.5 25 4.5 UEL LEL IDLH Intensity(kW/m2) Fatalities 100% 50% 100% 50% - - Wind Stability
Speed Class 14 meters 26 28 meters - (6600 meters 38 meters -- 177 meters - (1100 -- (500 5 D <10 10 20 176 228 559 ppm = - (300 ppm -- (50 ppm = 60% ppm = ppm = = ERPG-2) ERPG-1) LEL = 10% Toluene IDLH) Flame LEL) (50KL x1)* Pockets) 30 53 meters - LOC 77 meters -- 267 meters - (1100 -- (500 1.5 F <10 <10 18 208 264 643 never ppm = - (300 ppm -- (50 ppm = ppm = exceed 10% = ERPG-2) ERPG-1) LEL) IDLH)
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Flammable (Distance in meter) Toxic Dispersion Fire Ball (BLEVE) Flash fire
Type of Impact Worst Case (Flammable Pool Fire Scenario Area of Vapor (meter) Name of (meter) Cloud)(meter) ERPG(3)/ Chemical Radiation ERPG(2) ERPG(1) 37.5 25 4.5 37.5 25 4.5 UEL LEL IDLH Intensity(kW/m2) Fatalities 100% 50% 100% 50% - - Wind Stability
Speed Class
171 meters 244 meters - 810 meters - 5 D ------(20 ppm -- (10 ppm = -- (1 ppm = Formaldehyde = IDLH) ERPG-2) ERPG-1) (37% solution) (4.0 MT x 1) 1.5 F ------210 meters 297 meters - 955 meters - --- (20 ppm -- (10 ppm = -- (1 ppm = = IDLH) ERPG-2) ERPG-1) 14 meters - 25 meters -- 95 meters -- -- (250 Phenol 5 D ------(50 ppm = - (10 ppm = ppm = (20 KL x1) ERPG-2) ERPG-1) IDLH) 1.5 F ------18 meters - Styrene -- (700 28 meters -- 89 meters -- (50 KL x1) 5 D # # # 175 226 555 18 19 ppm = - (250 ppm - (50 ppm = IDLH) = ERPG-2) ERPG-1)
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Flammable (Distance in meter) Toxic Dispersion Fire Ball (BLEVE) Flash fire
Type of Impact Worst Case (Flammable Pool Fire Scenario Area of Vapor (meter) Name of (meter) Cloud)(meter) ERPG(3)/ Chemical Radiation ERPG(2) ERPG(1) 37.5 25 4.5 37.5 25 4.5 UEL LEL IDLH Intensity(kW/m2) Fatalities 100% 50% 100% 50% - - Wind Stability
Speed Class 20 meters - 29 meters -- 66 meters -- -- (700 1.5 F # # # 206 263 639 20 20 - (250 ppm - (50 ppm = ppm = = ERPG-2) ERPG-1) IDLH)
Note: * Toluene or Xylene will be stored in tank which will depend on the demand of particular product and availability of raw material. Formaldehyde (37%): For modeling toxic dispersion 37 % of formaldehyde in total quantity stored in tank is considered with direct source modeling Phenol is stored below its flash point. It is unlike to catch fire in case of BLEVE worst case scenario. x # Styrene is stored below its flash point and unlike to catch fire in case of pool fire scenario
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Figure 7.1: Toluene BLEVE- Worst case scenario (Threat Zone)
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Figure 7.2: Toluene Toxic Dispersion (Threat Zone)
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Figure 7.3: Toluene BLEVE- Worst case scenario (Threat Zone)
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Figure 7.4: Toluene toxic dispersion (Threat Zone)
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Figure 7.5: Formaldehyde (37%)- Toxic dispersion Threat Zone
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Figure 7.6: Phenol toxic dispersion (Threat Zone)
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Figure 7.7: Styrene - Toxic dispersion Threat Zone
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Figure 7.8: Styrene - Toxic dispersion Threat Zone
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. 7.5 Failure Frequency
Fire under a tank may lead to the instantaneous release of the complete inventory of the tank. Various causes of failure may lead to a fire under a tank: x Leakage of the connections under the tank followed by ignition. This event only occurs for tanks loaded with flammable substances. The frequency is equal to 1 × 10-5 per year for atmospheric tanks. (Reference Purple book: Guidelines for quantitative risk assessment) x The best available estimates of leak frequencies for atmospheric tanks are summarised in Table 7.11. x Reference: Storage incident frequencies International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (UK: HSE) Table 7.11: Atmospheric Storage Tank Leak / Tank Fire Frequencies
Type of Tank Type of Release Leak Frequency (per tank year )
Liquid spill outside tank 2.8 × 10-3 Fixed/ Floating roof Tank rupture 3.0 × 10-6 Atmospheric Storage Tank Fire Frequency Fi x e d Roof Tank (per Type of Fi r e tank year)
Internal explosion & 9.0 × 10-5 full surface fire
Internal explosion 2.5 × 10-5 without fire
Vent fire 9.0 × 10-5
Small bund fire 9.0 × 10-5
Large bund fire 6.0 × 10-5 (full bund area)
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. 7.6 Estimation of Effect of Damage / Impact Identification
From the dispersion modeling of Phenol and Formaldehyde (37%), it is observed that the threat zone is maximum for Formaldehyde (37%) from storage tank. Percentage fatality from different incident outcome cases and level of concerns are given below:
Incident Likely outcome Level Treat Magnitude of % fatality hood Chemical case of zone Impact/ of Radiation/ concern distance Damage occurrence Toxicity Worst Case Toluene Scenario 176 Very 37.5 kW/m2 100% High (50 KL x 1) Thermal meters Unlikely Radiation Worst Case Styrene Scenario 175 Very 37.5 kW/m2 100% High (50 KL x 1) Thermal meters Unlikely Radiation Formaldehyde Toxic IDLH 86 Very (37%) - Moderate dispersion 20 ppm meters Unlikely (4.0 KL x1) Phenol Toxic IDLH 18 meters - Likely Moderate (20 KLx 1) dispersion 250 ppm
All the threat zones in the proposed unit are super imposed on Google image. Figure 7.1 to 7.8 shows the map of vulnerable areas corresponding to different individual outcome cases. Figure gives the location, where individual risk is found to be a maximum at locations within premises. A broadly acceptable level of individual risk as per the ALARP (AS LOW AS REASONABLY PRACTICABLE) concept of HSE, UK is 10-6/year.
7.7 Summary
x It may be noted that in dispersion modeling, the wind direction and air temperature, atmospheric stability are found to be the deciding factors for the threat zones.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. x The present risk assessment study shows that proposed unit of M/s. Paragon Poly Resin LLP having storages of hazardous chemicals mainly Toluene/Xylene, Phenol & Formaldehyde (37%) could have potential for damage to those inside and outside the unit. Workers working within premises of industry as well as of adjoining villagers may get affected in case of accidental leakages, fire from storage tanks.
x A maximum threat zone of approximately 86 meters is observed in the case of release of Formaldehyde (37%). This threat zone can be shortened by reducing the inventory or storing Formaldehyde (37%) in smaller tanks.
7.8 Proposed Risk Reduction Measures
x Storage tank of Toluene/Xylene, Formaldehyde 37%, Phenol and styrene should be installed away from the plant area. x Wind indicator should be provided at the highest level of the plant to know the wind direction. x Automatic sprinkler system for the flammable material tanks (over ground tanks only) may be provided as knock on effect in case of fire is possible. x Containment dykes with proper sloping and collection sumps should be provided so that any spillages in the bulk storage and other handling areas shall not stagnate and shall be quickly lead away to a safe distance from the source of leakage. This reduces the risk of any major fire on the bulk storages and the risk to the environment shall be minimized/ eliminated. x Inspection of the storage tanks as per prefixed inspection schedule for thickness measurement, joint and weld efficiency etc. x Provision of flameproof electrical fittings / equipment’s. x Proper maintenance of earth pits. x Strict compliance of security procedures like issue of identity badges for outsiders, gate passes system for vehicles, checking of spark arrestors fitted to the tank lorries etc. x Strict enforcement of no smoking.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. x Periodic training and refresher courses to train the staff in safety fire fighting. x Employee training and education is carried out. x Structural fireproofing in the process area could be considered as a safety measure in the light of probable spill and fires in the area. x Emergency drills should be carried out periodically to ensure preparedness must continue. x Wind indicator should be provided at the highest level of the plant to know the wind direction. x Many operations involve use of highly toxic/flammable materials and these needs to be documented as SOPs. These must be made and kept updated on priority. x Extensive training on use of Self Contained Breathing apparatus (SCBAs) must be ensured for emergency control. x Many of the raw materials used for resin are either toxic or flammable. It is therefore important to ensure that these materials are stored in closed, well ventilated totally safe areas. A fire alarm system (heat and smoke detection) should be provided for the storage area where the material is stored as toxic fumes arise on combustion. x Loose drums of waste materials, often solvent laden, must be removed from the working areas and close watch kept. x Proper Earthing needs to be provided through plug type systems or through the agitators/liquid. x Ventilation should be provided for any enclosed are where hydrocarbon or toxic vapors may accumulate. Several such areas were noticed- these may be surveyed and tackled accordingly. x All personnel should be trained in handling emergency situations and should be apprised of their role in handling emergency situation and to ensure adequacy of the emergency procedures simulated exercise should be carried out. This was found wanting. x Flame arrestor should be provided. x Adequate number of caution boards highlighting the hazards of chemicals should be provided at critical locations. x Monitoring of occupational hazards like noise, ventilation, chemical exposure etc. is carried out regularly and its record is maintained.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. x Good housekeeping, use of PPE, Engineering controls, Enclosure processes, scrubber system, display of safety boards, SOP of loading / unloading, local exhaust ventilation, safety shower etc. are important safety measures have taken to keep these chemicals within TLV. x Appropriate personal protective equipment is provided & ensure the usage of them. x Workers are trained for safe material handling of hazardous chemicals. x Prepare & display the safe operating procedure for hazardous chemicals storage, handling & transporting or using. x Local Exhaust ventilation and scrubber should be installed where it is required to reduce fumes, vapors, temperature and heat stress. x Reduce the level of physical activity by sharing workload with other or by using mechanical means. ¾ Following FIRE safety devices will be PROVIDED to protect from any malfunctioning of plant equipments. Following fire protection systems is suggested.
x Water storage of adequate capacity to meet the requirements of water for firefighting purposes. x Fire hydrants and automatic sprinkler system. Diesel driven pumps and headers to supply water to fire hydrant network. x Adequate Portable fire extinguishers, sand bucket, wheeled fire & safety equipment should be provided at the required places. x Equipment required for personal safety like blankets, gloves, apron, gum boots, face mask helmets, safety belts, first aid boxes etc. are provided. Proximity suits and self-contained breathing apparatus to be provided. 7.9 Occupational Health Surveillance Programme
¾ Introduction: Medical surveillance program (also termed as medical surveillance for workers) can aid in the early recognition of a relationship between exposure to a hazard and disease, in the assurance of the safety of new substances, and as an indicator of the effectiveness of existing control
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. measures. It is the systematic collection, analysis, and dissemination of disease data on groups of workers and is designed to detect early signs of work-related illness.
The Factories Act, 1948 and the rules framed there under provide for pre- employment and periodical medical examinations of workers employed in industries with hazardous processes and dangerous operations under section 41-C and section 87 respectively. Chemicals Exposed to Workers Directly or indirectly are Phenol, Formaldehyde (37 %). Pre-employment medical checkup and periodically medical examination will be done. Liver function testis will be carried out during pre-placement and periodical examination. In addition to the above, following safety equipment will be provided. ¾ Action plan for Occupational Health and safety for workers: x Monitoring of occupational hazards like noise, ventilation, chemical exposure etc. will be carried out regularly and its record will be maintained. x Good housekeeping, use of PPE, Engineering controls, Enclosure processes, display of safety boards, SOP of loading / unloading, local exhaust ventilation, safety shower etc. All necessary safety measures will be taken to keep all chemicals within TLV. x Appropriate personal protective equipment will be provided & ensure the usage of them. x Workers will be trained on safe material handling of hazardous chemicals. x Prepared & display the safe operating procedure for hazardous chemicals storage, handling & transporting or using. x Periodical medical examination of the workers & Liver Function Testes will be done. x Register (form no.37) for work place air monitoring will be done regularly. x Employee training and education will be carried out regularly. x Control the noise at source by substitution, isolation, segregation, barriers will be done.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. x Local Exhaust ventilation will be installed where it is required to reduce fumes, vapors, temperature and heat stress. 7.9.1 Minimization of the Manual Handling of Hazardous Substance
Employers and employees should examine their workplaces to detect any unsafe or unhealthful conditions, practices, or equipment and take corrective action. Provide flameproof electrical motor & transfer chemicals through the pipelines. Use specially designed pallets to hold, move raw materials, finished products through work areas. Minimize lifting of raw materials, heavy loads by using appropriate platforms, trolleys etc. Avoid the moving, manual handling of hazardous material.
7.9.2 DO’S and DONT’S Handling of Chemicals
Do’s Dont’s x Know the hazards of the chemical before x Do not store the chemicals that are handling. incompatible with other chemicals. x Know the antidotes for chemical, which x Do not spill the chemicals. you are handling. x Do not dispose chemical without x Do keep material safety data sheet in neutralizing. locations where chemicals are being x Do not keep large inventory of handled and study it. chemicals. x Use appropriate personal protective x Do not allow empty containers of equipment like gloves, aprons, and hazardous chemicals to be used by respirator; face shield etc. depending others. upon nature of the work. x Do not use compressed air for x Label every chemical that you use and transferring chemicals. tightly close the container. x Do not stand near chemical transfer x Use eye wash fountain / safety shower in pump while it is in operation with case of splash of chemicals in the eye or temporary hose connection. body for at least 15 minutes. x Pouring of chemicals by hand or x Segregate toxic, flammable chemicals and doing siphoning by mouth should keep them under control. never be adopted. x In addition to draining and closing valves, x Chemicals drums should never be
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Do’s Dont’s lines should be blanked before taking up moved without protection. maintenance work. x Do not attempt to neutralize the acid x Provide proper ventilation at the chemical / alkali on the skin. Use water only. handling area to limit their concentration x Do not use solvent for cleaning within prescribed level. hands. Material Handling
Do’s Dont’s x Use proper lifting tool and tackle having x Do not use the equipment for the adequate capacity. purpose other than its design x Only authorized persons should operate intention. material handling equipments. x Do not allow personnel to move x Each tool, tackle or equipment should underneath lifted load. have number and safe working load x Do not load the equipment above its (SWL) marked on it. safe working load. x Assess weight of the material, distance to x Do not use makeshift arrangements be carried and hazards etc. before lifting for lifting equipment without the load. inspection and test. x Inspect and test all the lifting tools and x Do not use defective tool and tackles. tackles regularly as per Factory Rules. x Keep the tools & tackles free from x Wear Personal Protective Equipments adverse effect of atmosphere by while handling of material. applying suitable protective coating. x Wherever possible, mechanized material x The angle between the legs of two handling shall be adopted. leg sling should not exceed 90 x While lifting a load physically, keep the degree. load as near as possible to the body with x Do not allow male and female adult feet properly placed for body balance. to lift a load manually higher than 55 x Bend knees, keep back straight, keep the kgs and 30 kgs respectively. load closed to the body and lift the load. x Do not hold the load with tip of the fingers; grasp the load firmly with palm. Fire Prevention
Do’s Dont’s x Follow ‘NO SMOKING’ sign. x Do not leave flammable material
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. x Deposit oily rags and waste combustible like acetone, kerosene etc. used as material in the identified containers and cleaning agent at the work area. dispose them suitably. x Do not over tighten fire hydrant x Fire Hose used for any other purpose should valves with F-lever. be permanently marked and taken out of fire x Do not allow wild grass growth hydrant system. around storage of the gas x Keep minimum inventory of flammable and cylinders and switchyard. combustible substances. x Do not obstruct accessibility to the x Take permission before breaking or removal fire related equipment. of fire barrier and ensure subsequent x Do not destroy the inspection tag relocation of fire barrier. provided with the fire equipment. x Check periodically the operability of fixed x Do not misuse fire-fighting fire fighting system. equipment other than intended x Attend any abnormality / deficiency with fire purpose. protection system promptly. x Do not store the flammable x Provide earthling or bonding to prevent material in the open container. accumulation of static charges to tanks x Do not use instruments that are where flammable chemicals are stored / not intrinsically safe in the handled. explosive atmosphere. x Use instruments that are intrinsically safe in explosive atmosphere. House Keeping
Do’s Dont’s x Assign places for everything and maintain x Do not leave combustible things at assigned places. materials in the work area. x Clean the area after completion of work. x Do not smoke in the area of work. x Use aisle space free for personnel and x Do not allow dust bin to overflow. material movement. x Do not generate extra waste. x Ensure adequate illumination and x Do not disturb the safety ventilation for the job. equipment from assigned x Drop paper, plastic, glass, metal and bio- location. medical waste in a separate bin kept for this x Do not block emergency switches purpose. and on/off switches of the x Know the location where emergency equipment by storming of equipment such as first aid box, firefighting materials in front of work. equipment, SCBA, Stretchers are kept. x Do not leave cleaning agent like x Arrest all types of spills such as chemical, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, water, oil, air / gas, steam etc. and clean up kerosene etc. at the work area
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Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. the area immediately. after completion of work. x Ensure exits are indicated / painted for use x Do not block fire exit point by during emergency. storing materials or by means. x Do not leave a spillage unattended. 7.10 Disaster Management Plan 7.10.1 Disaster Disaster , A disaster is a catastrophic situation in which the day-to-day patterns of life are, in many instances, suddenly disrupted and people are plunged into helplessness and suffering and as a result need protection, clothing, shelter, medical and social care and other, necessities of life.
There are two types of emergency control plans (1) On site emergency plan and (2) Off site emergency or disaster plan. 7.10.2 On-Site Emergency Plan : Objectives of the Plan 1. To protect persons and properly of factory in case of all kinds of accidents, dangerous occurrences (Rule 103, Gujarat Factories Rules), emergencies and disasters happening in or affecting your plant at any time. 2. To inform people and surroundings about above happening if it is likely to adversely affect them. 3. To inform authorities including helping agencies (doctors, hospitals, fire, police, transport etc.) in advance, and also at the time of actual happening. 4. To identify, assess, foresee and work out various kinds of possible hazards, their places, potential and damaging capacity and area in case of above happenings. Review, revise, redesign, replace or reconstruct the process, plant, vessels and control measures if so assessed. 5. To work out a plan with detailed instructions to cope up with above happenings, based on your personnel, equipment and records. Levels of
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. hazardous substances shall be minimised to the extent possible. Establish machinery for rescue and recuperation operations, total loss control and prevention of harms and recurrence of above happenings. Ensure that absolute safety and security is achieved within the shortest time. 7.10.3 Types of Overall Emergencies In the risk assessment study topic no. 7.3 describes all type of hazards are listed along with its causes in or near plant. Fire (small and big), explosion, toxic exposure, strike, storm, flood and other hazardous possible situations shall be described with reasons. Sources of hazard from outside or neighboring plants, tanks, structure etc. shall be mentioned. Type of emergency People and area Sr. including disaster May arise due to At (Place) likely to be No. (Major class) affected Phenol spillage or Fire leakages at storage Storage area of 1 tank Leakages/reactor raw materials leakages Failure of the safety Explosion valve/pressure relief Thermic Fluid 2 valve, corrosion of Heater critical parts Release of Toxic Leakages from Tank farm area, 3 Gas/Vapor tank/pipes/valves process area Plant Operator, Spillage of Labors, workers Loading and Tank farm area, 4 flammable Admin staff unloading process area liquid/gas Deliberate Sabotage, 5 Terrorism, Air Raid - - etc. Natural Calamities: - Lightening, Storm, 6 - - Earthquake, Flood etc. 7 Collapsing of - -
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Type of emergency People and area Sr. including disaster May arise due to At (Place) likely to be No. (Major class) affected structure Overturning of tanker containing flammable/toxic substances 7.10.4 Assessment of In-plant Hazards Detailed hazard assessment of in-plant and control measures provided in Section 7.3, Table No. 7.4 & 7.5 of EIA report. Storage Hazards and Controls, Process Hazards and Controls are described in same topic.
7.10.5 Emergency Control System A. Emergency Organizations and Functions
The organizational set-up necessary for chain of commands during emergency situation, which may arise in the premises. The system is described in following Subsections.
Organizational Set-up Partner Plant Manager Plant Supervisor Skilled Security Members of above teams will be available during all shifts and holidays. Protective equipment, lifting gears, fire control points etc.; will be provided in sufficient numbers and their locations will be well informed. Necessary vehicles will be kept ready to shift persons in case of emergency.
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B. Emergency Control Room
The facilities available at the Emergency Control Center shall include: i. Internal Telephone & External Telephone: Address and Telephone numbers of the Factory Inspectorate, Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Police, Fire Brigade, Hospitals and OEP Team Members ii. Manual Fire/Emergency Siren, Siren Actuation Switch iii. Important Address and Telephone Numbers, Emergency Vehicles iv. Confined Space Entry Procedure v. List of Antidote/actions to be taken in case of hazardous chemical/materials. vi. Material Safety Data Sheets of chemicals vii. A copy of On-Site Disaster Management Plan viii. Plant layout-indicating storage of hazardous materials, layout of fire Hydrants/extinguishers, entrances/exits, roads etc. ix. Portable P.A. System, Manual Siren, flood lights, Torches, Pickaxe, Saw, Nylon Ropes. x. Fire Blankets / Fire Proximity Suit, Breathing Apparatus, First Aid Box etc. xi. List of employees with address, telephone number, blood group etc.
Fire Emergency: Trained personnel will be employed in all the shifts. The responsibilities and duties include: x To fight the fire with available internal firefighting equipment and to stop leakage of liquid etc. x To provide personal protective equipment to the team. x To cordon the area and inform incident controller or site main controller about the development of emergency. x To train the persons (essential workers) to use personal protective equipment and fire-fighting equipment. C. Fire Fighting Facilities to be provided on - site
1. Fire Buckets / Fire Extinguishers
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Fire buckets and portable fire extinguishers will be provided in all the areas depending upon the specific needs of the area. Some spare equipment will also be maintained in the inventory at an identified fire & safety equipment store.
2. Fire Alarm Sirens It will be provided to alert all the employees inside the premises about the situation of an emergency. 3. Sand Buckets 5 nos. of sand buckets will be provided within the industrial premises in case of emergency fire. 4. Oxygen Cylinder Oxygen cylinder will be provided for emergency. 5. Safety Equipment All types of personnel protective safety equipment required for handling the emergency will be arranged in the proposed unit. Some of the protective equipment is as follow: x Canister/Cartridge type masks x Dust Masks x PVC suits, Aprons x Safety showers/ Eye Wash fountains x Other personnel protective appliances, like safety glasses, gumboots, helmets, hand gloves, face shields, safety belts, safety ladders, safety torches, blankets.
6. Details of Fire Extinguishers:
Table 7.12: Details of Fire Extinguishers
Sr. Type Capacity Qty.* No. 1. Jockey Pump 250 RPM 1 2. Dry Chemical Powder 5 Kg. 15 Nos.
3. Capacity CO2 type Fire Extinguisher 3 Kg 20Nos 4. Water storage tank (For Fire) 3 KL 02 Nos
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Note: * Quantity of fire extinguisher is assumed, however these number of cylinders may change after commissioning of project
D. Assembly Points:
The assembly points for gathering workers / Admin staff is fixed and clearly marked as per the wind direction on plant layout as well as on site. Depending on the wind direction and location of emergency, Assembly Point is declared. The employees should run across the wind direction and not against the wind direction.
E. Medical Arrangement:
First Aid Boxes will be provided at various strategic locations. Requisite numbers of employees are trained about First Aid, Liaison with nearest hospitals. Antidotes x Antidotes for Formaldehyde 37%: Milk, Activated Charcoal or Water x Antidotes for Phenol: Polyethylene glycol 300 or 400, Activated Charcoal and 240 ml Milk x Toluene: There is no antidote for Toluene. Treatment consists of bronchodilators and respiratory and cardiovascular support. x Styrene: There is no antidote for Styrene. 7.10.6 General Procedures and Responsibilities Mock drill: Mock drills will be carried out regularly to familiarize the staff with their roles, fire protection equipment/system installed in the plant and use of personnel protective equipment. Wind Socks: Wind direction will be determined with the help of installed windsocks. Plant Supervisor & Security Staff
Rush immediately to the scene of the fire/emergency, select and set out appropriate fire/emergency equipment. He will take the below mentioned actions at the earliest opportunity, if the fire/emergency is not controlled.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. He will x Call the security personnel from their residences for additional manpower if required. x Regulate entry and exit of personal required for controlling the fire/emergency. x Restrict exit of personal required for controlling the fire/emergency. x Arrange for Personnel Protective Equipment required for the emergency. x Call, the local Fire Brigade, Police in case of necessity in consultation with the Incident controller. x Arrange transport facilities for removal of causalities to dispensary / hospital. x Take responsibility of law and order. x Keep detailed records of the incident and progress of operations to fight the emergency. Plant Manager:
He will rush to the Emergency Control Centre and collect the information from the Incident Controller. Further he will, x Announce the location of the Assembly Point after getting information from Incident Controller / site controller. x Take the list of persons to be communicated internally and externally. x Maintain liaison with the press, government agencies i.e. Police, Fire Brigade etc. and the neighborhood regarding the emergency under instructions from Incident Controller. x Courteously Receive officers from the State Government or neighbors to the Administration Block only and inform to Incident Controller that they can be taken care off. x Take all the steps required for the welfare such as providing tea, snacks, emergency temporary Medical Center in consultation with the incident controller/site controller. x Disclose all the necessary information in the plant and media so as to avoid rumors and Confusion. x Also be responsible for the head counts at the Assembly Points.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Shift in Charge:
¾ Proceed to the scene; establish contact with firemen and incident controller to supplement efforts in fire fighting. ¾ Assist in searching casualties and help to remove them to the medical center. ¾ Organize outside assistance in fire fighting and rescue operations if required. ¾ Mobilize personal protective equipment and safety appliances and assist personnel handling emergency in using them. ¾ Keep and check on any new development of unsafe situation and report the same to Site Main Controller. ¾ Effectively cordon off the emergency area and will prevent unauthorized people entering the scene. ¾ Permit the Fire tenders or Ambulance requisitioned by Incident Controller to the plant. ¾ Ensure that vehicles and trolleys are sent out of the plant premises. ¾ Ensure that all the employees are conducted out of plant and assembled at Assembly Point. ¾ Control Traffic Movement. Remove tankers, tanker drivers outside. ¾ Entry of unauthorized public to be prevented. ¾ Arrange for vehicles for shifting casualties and essential workers to safe assembly points. ¾ Collect and preserve evidence to facilitate future inquiries.
7.10.7 Offsite Emergency Preparedness Plan Offsite emergency plan would follow the onsite emergency plan. When the consequences of an emergency situation go beyond the plant boundaries, it becomes an offsite emergency. As the off-site emergency plan is to be prepared by the Government, a Central Control Committee or Group shall be formed under the Chairmanship of the area head. For example we assume a district structure and District Collector (is the Chairman of the District Control Committee (DCC).
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Figure 7.9: Off-Site Emergency Plan
Table 7.13 Off-site Action Plan
Action Required to be taken to Responsible Equipment/Material facilities Sr. Mitigate Disaster by Aid giving Agencies for required at site to mitigate No. agency Taking action Emergency A Arrangements for evacuation Self-Breathing apparatus 1 Rescue of persons from zone of With spare cylinder influence to predetermined camps 2 Caution to public by Chemical gas mask with announcement spare canister 3 Traffic control by cordoning of the Police area Department Vehicle with PA system 4 Law & order 5 Request to railway authority for Transportation for keeping the nearest railway gate evacuation of people open & to stop the train sat the nearest railway station B Control of fire Self-breathing apparatus with 1 Scrubbing of the flashed off gas spare cylinders District Fire Cloud with water curtain Foam / water fire tenders Brigade 2 To rescue trapped persons Gas mask with spare 3 If fire is big, keep surrounding canisters Limewater
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Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Action Required to be taken to Responsible Equipment/Material facilities Sr. Mitigate Disaster by Aid giving Agencies for required at site to mitigate No. agency Taking action Emergency Area cool by spraying water Neck to toe complete 4 Communication to State asbestos suit, PVC, hand Electricity Board to continue or gloves, gumboots, safety cut off electric supply goggles 5 Communication to water supply Mobile scrubbing system Department for supplying water Along with suction arrangement. C Medical facilities for affected Ambulance with onboard Hospital and persons(first aid and treatment) resuscitation unit, first aid, Public health stretchers D Identification of concentration of Pollution Gas detector Gas in zone of influence Control Board E Removal of debris and damaged Municipal Provide bulldozers structures corporation Provide cranes F Monitor the incoming and out Provide traffic police at site 1 Going transports Provide emergency shifting 2 Arrange emergency shifting of vehicles at site Transport affected persons and Provide stock of fuel for department non affected person to specified area vehicles. 3 Arrange diesel/petrol for needed vehicles G Give all information related to Provide wind direction and 1 Meteorological aspects for safe velocity instruments with handling of affected area for living temperature measurements beings Meteorological 2 Forecast important weather Department Mobile van for changes, If any Meteorological parameter measurements
H Representatives of all Must have all resources at 1 Departments are in the local crisis hand, specially disaster group; therefore they are expected management plan and its to render services available with implementation method. them. Since it is a group of experts All relevant information with authority, the mitigating Related to hazardous industry Local Crises measures can be implemented shall available with crisis Group speedily. The representative’s from group News paper editor locals are also there so that shall be a part of the group so communication with local people is that right and timely media easy and quick. release can be done 2 The district emergency or Disaster control officer/collector
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Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. Action Required to be taken to Responsible Equipment/Material facilities Sr. Mitigate Disaster by Aid giving Agencies for required at site to mitigate No. agency Taking action Emergency shall be the president and he shall do mock drill etc. so that action can be taken in right direction in time I Collector shall be the President All necessary facilities 1 Of District Crisis Group therefore all available at district can be district infrastructure facilities are District Crisis made available at affected diverted to affected zone Group zone Control of law and order 2 All other functions as mentioned situation For local crisis group
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. 7.11 LDAR (Leak Detection and Repair)
It is known that leaking equipment, such as valves, pumps, and connectors, are the largest source of emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and volatile hazardous air pollutants (VHAPs) from chemical manufacturing units.
The requirements among the regulations vary, but all LDAR programs consist of five basic elements, which are discussed in detail below :
Identifying Components
Leak Definition
Monitoring Components
Repairing Components
Recordkeeping
Identifying Components
•Identification of Source or leakages •Assign a unique identięcation (ID) number to each regulated component. •Physically locate each regulated component in the facility, verify its location on the piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs) or process Ěow diagrams, and update the log if necessary. Some states require a physical tag on each component subject to the LDAR requirements.
Leak Definition
•A leak is detected whenever the measured concentration exceeds the threshold standard – TLVs as mentioned in table no.7.2 of this chapter. •Utilize a leak deęnition lower than what the regulation requires.
Monitoring Components
•Instrument used to detect VOC leaks from process equipment using a portable detecting instrument. •VOCs are identified as per table no 7.2 of this chapter. •Monitoring intervals vary according to the applicable regulation, but are typically weekly, monthly, quarterly, and yearly.
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•Repair leaking components as soon as practicable after the leak is detected.
•Develop a plan and timetable for repairing components.
•Make a ęrst attempt at repair as soon as possible after a leak is detected.
•Monitor components daily and over several days to ensure a leak has been successfully repaired. •Replace problem components with “leakless” or other technologies.
Recordkeeping
•Maintain a list of all ID numbers for all equipment subject to an equipment leak regulation. •Maintain detailed schematics, equipment design specięcations (including dates and descriptions of any changes), and piping and instrumentation diagrams. •Maintain the results of performance testing and leak detection monitoring, including leak monitoring results per the leak frequency, monitoring leak less equipment, and non-periodic event monitoring. •Maintain records of the equipment ID number, the instrument and operator ID numbers, and the date the leak was detected. •Maintain a list of the dates of each repair attempt and an explanation of the attempted repair method. •Note the dates of successful repairs.
•Include the results of monitoring tests to determine if the repair was successful.
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CHAPTER - 8 PROJECT BENEFITS
8.1 Introduction
Project benefit focus on those points which will become beneficial to the surrounding area or community in terms of infrastructural development, social development, employment and other tangible benefits due to project. Proposed project has a potential for employment of skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled employees during construction phase as well as operational phase.
8.2 Employment Potential
Approximately 70 persons will get employment potential for skilled & unskilled, for the operation and maintenance in efficient way. During construction phase, workers will be required. Preference will be given to the local people from nearby villages according to the skill as well requirement which will increase employment opportunity in the surrounding area. Secondary jobs and indirect employment are also bound to be generated to provide day-to-day needs and services to the work force and industrial activity. Employed people will be benefited financially as this financial growth will fulfil their economic requirements, which in turn will increase their standard of living.
8.3 Improvement In Physical & Social Infrastructure
Physical infrastructure includes infrastructural & technological facilities of the project, necessary for the operation. Unit is proposing to manufacture different types of Resins at Survey No.: 782, Village : Jakhwada, Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Unit will use modernized technologies and infrastructural facilities. So, that nearby public or workers will become aware to new technology launched or running in the present market and thereby it will also helpful in increasing knowledge of employee and surrounding people.
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Following will be other improvements in the physical infrastructure: Adoption of new technology Awareness in local educated people for new technology Improvement in local amenities facilities Improvement in road link facilities as transportation through truck and other vehicles will increased due to proposed project Improvement in local civilization Increase income of local population Increase requirement of man power
Due to proposed project activity, social infrastructure will be improved by means of civilization, vocational training and basic amenities.
Civilization: Due to the project, employment and other infrastructural facilities will boost up income of surrounding people and improve quality of life. This will indirectly boost up the civilization of the surrounding people.
Vocational Training: Moreover, unit will provide vocational training opportunity to the surrounding people and greed for employment will motivate the education activities that will lead the change in life style of the surrounding and affected people hence social infrastructure will be improved.
Basic Amenities: Better education facilities, proper healthcare, road infrastructure and drinking water facilities are basic social amenities for better living standard of any human being which will further increase the above amenities directly/indirectly either by providing or by improving the facilities in the area, which will help in uplifting the living standards of local communities.
8.4 Other Tangible Benefits
Employment & trade opportunities will be generated with the starting of the construction activities. Thus, these considerable employment & trade opportunities will eventually result in appreciable economic benefits to the local people & businesses/contractors.
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The proposed project will contribute revenue to the Central & State exchequer in the form of applicable taxes. Indirect contribution to the Central & State exchequer will be there due to Income by way of registration of trucks, payment of road tax, income tax from individual as well as taxes from associated units. Thus, the proposed project will help the Government by paying different taxes from time to time, which is a part of revenue and thus, will help in developing the area. The country shall also benefit from increase in excise revenues.
The CSR activities by the company can be considerably beneficial for the health, education, upliftment of poor people, welfare of women & labors, assistance to the disabled people etc. These all together with the economic benefits of the proposed project will result in further benefits in terms of the literacy level, primary and middle level education and on health facilities.
8.5 Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER)
Unit will spend annually minimum 2 % of its net profit for carrying out various CER activities as stated below; Provision of drinking water and sanitation facilities in schools. Provision of education aids & scholarship to poor students. Contribute in social development activities in nearby villages. Participate and cooperate in medical camp and providing support for the development and maintenance of the health facilities. Plantation along the road side and development of garden/greenbelt in nearby villages. Participate and cooperate in animal husbandry camp.
The Industry will provide 2.0 % of the project cost, i.e, Rs. 19 Lacs, towards the Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER). Socio-economic development activities will be planned based on the suggestions during public hearing as well as general necessity in villages.
CER activities have to be done by the company will be considerably beneficial for the health, education, upliftment of poor people, welfare of women & labors, assistance to the disabled people etc.
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Table 8.1: Action Plan for Socio-Economic Development Activities
Yearly amount to be spent in CER activities Total amount Type of Activities (Rs. in Lakhs) to be spent 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th (Rs. in Lakhs) Year Year Year Year Year
Drinking & sanitation facilities 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 4.5 in schools of nearby villages
Donation in schools for 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.0 education aids
Donation towards medical 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.0 facilities
Tree plantation in nearby 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 4.5 villages
Total 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 19.0
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9.1 Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis
As per the EIA Notification 2006, this Chapter of the ‘Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis’ is applicable only if it is recommended at the Scoping stage. Please note that as per the TOR issued by SEIAA, Gujarat vide letter no. SEIAA/GUJ/TOR/5(f)/1389/2018 dated 31st December 2018, the Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis is not applicable and hence it has not been prepared.
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CHAPTER - 10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
10.1 Introduction
To formulate and monitor Environmental Protection measures during and after commissioning of project, preparation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is required. The development of sound Environment Management Plan is important to mitigate any adverse impacts of the proposed project. The plan should indicate the details as to how various measures have been or are being proposed to be taken including cost components as may be required. Cost of measures for environmental safe guards should be treated as an integral component of the project cost and environmental aspects should be taken in to account at various stages of the project.
Conceptualization: Preliminary Environmental Assessment Planning: Detailed studies of environmental Impacts and design of safe guards Execution: Implementation of Environmental safety measures Operation: Monitoring of effectiveness of built in safe guards
The maximum amount of pollution load that can be discharged in the environment without affecting the designated use and is governed by dilution, dispersion and removal due to natural physico-chemical and biological processes is the Assimilative capacity of the study area. The main objective of Environmental Management Plan is to warrant that the industrial development in an identified particular study area needs to be entangled with judicious utilization of non-renewable resources and to ensure that the stress/load on the ecosystem is within its permissible assimilative capacity i.e. its carrying capacity.
The Environment Management Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable development in the area of the proposed plant. Hence, it needs to be an all encompass plan for which the proposed industry, Government, Regulating
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agencies like Pollution Control Board working in the region and more importantly the affected population of the study area need to extend their co- operation and contribution. The identification and quantification of impacts based on scientific and mathematical modelling.
The Environmental Management Action Plan aims at controlling pollution at the source level to the possible extent with the best available technology followed by treatment measures before they are discharged. The recycling and re-use of industrial waste not only reduces the waste generated but can be an economic gain to the industry.
10.2 Objective of Environmental Management Plan
The objective of the Environmental Management Plan is summarized as under:
x To limit/reduce the degree, extent, magnitude or duration of adverse impacts. x To treat all the pollutants i.e. liquid effluent, air emissions and hazardous waste with adoption of adequate and efficient technology. x To comply with all the norms and standards stipulated by Gujarat Pollution Control Board/Central Pollution Control Board. x To create good working conditions. x To reduce any risk hazards and design the disaster management plan. x Continuous development and search for innovative technologies for a cleaner and better environment.
10.3 Components of Environmental Management Plan
EMP for the proposed project covers following aspects:
x Description of mitigation measures which are proposed for proposed operation phase only x Description of monitoring program x Institutional arrangements x Implementation schedule and reporting procedures
All above aspects and objectives are kept in the view and considering the same EMP is prepared for two major fields,
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10.3.1 Environmental Management Systems (EMS)
Unit is well aware of environmental requirements for planning and implementation of the project and set up a department with trained personnel headed under the qualified EHS officer. As indicated in the impact and mitigation chapter of this report, the environmental impact due to the proposed activity is very marginal release of pollutants due to proposed activity.
10.3.2 Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS)
Chemical industries prefer an integrated approach and make environmental management a part of overall Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) Management system. This model EHS system suggests and addresses EMS issues such as:
Management system expectation Management leadership, responsibilities and accountability Risk assessment and management Compliance and other requirements Personnel, training and contractor services Documentation and communications Facilities design and construction Operation, maintenance and management Community awareness and emergency response EHS performance monitoring and measurement Incident investigation reporting and analysis EHS management system audit Management review and audit
10.3.3 Environmental Management Cell (EMC)
For effective implementation of the monitoring program, it is necessary to have a permanent organizational set-up. Thus, unit will set-up permanent Environmental Management Cell (EMC) for the effective implementation and monitoring of environmental management system as given below.
EMC will monitor all project activities to ensure the appropriate
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implementation of all environmental mitigation activities and to identify areas where environmental management plan compliance is not satisfied. Responsibilities will be assigned to officer from various disciplines to perform and co-ordinate the activities concerned with management and implementation of environmental control measures. Director of the company will be responsible for overall environmental management. EHS officer will inform all the matter regarding environmental management including reporting of non compliances / violations of environmental norms.
Figure 10.1: Environmental Management Cell
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10.4 Environmental Management Plan for the Proposed Project
EMP is given below for both construction phase as well as operational phase.
10.4.1 Environment management during constructional phase
Description Source Type of Pollutant Control Measures
Various Project Construction Particulate matter, x Top soil (if any) will be stored onsite and used for Environmental activities such as site fugitive emissions, development of greenbelt/ landscaping. Parameters cleaning, excavation, domestic x Excavated earth (if any) will be used for refilling of such as building construction, wastewater, noise, foundation & plinth, green belt and levelling low lying areas air, water, installation of equipment’s, municipal waste, at project site itself. noise, transportation of hazardous waste etc. x Construction and demolition materials (if any) will be used land/soil, construction material and for leveling low lying areas. flora, fauna, construction material x Regular sprinkling of the water will be recommended socio- handling etc. during the construction phase. economic, x Tarpaulin sheet will be used to cover the materials during health & safety transportation. x Preventing maintenance of machinery and transportation vehicles should be carried out regularly. x Provision of silencer, to modulate the noise generated by the machine, if required. x Regular use of PPE like nose masks, gum-boots & hand
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Description Source Type of Pollutant Control Measures
gloves while working. x Reduce the exposure time of workers to the higher noise level by job rotation. x To protect workers working in noisy area, personal protective equipments like earmuffs/earplugs will be provided. x The safety department will supervise the safe working of the contractor and their employees. x All municipal solid waste will be properly stored on site before it is collected by municipal waste management agency for its ultimate disposal. x The construction site would be provided with suitable toilet facilities for the workers to allow proper standards of hygiene. These facilities would be connected to a septic tank and maintained to ensure minimum impact on the environment. x Adequate space will be provided for construction of temporary sheds for construction workers mobilized by the contractors. Unit will also supply potable water for the construction workers. x Work spots will be maintained clean, provided with optimum lighting and enough ventilation to eliminate
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Description Source Type of Pollutant Control Measures
dust/fumes. x Tree plantation will be carried out on periphery of plant premises and along the roadside.
10.4.2 Environment management during operational phase
The EMP for the proposed project has been prepared for the various environmental attributes like Air, Water, Land, Noise, Ecology, Socio-Economic etc.
Description Source Type of Pollutant/ Control Measures Pollution Potential
Air Stack attached to TFH and SPM, SO2 and NO2 x Multi Cyclone Separator followed by Bag Filter will be Environment D.G. Sets (Stand By) provided to the stack attached to Thermic Fluid Heater (TFH) as an Air Pollution Control System x HSD should only be used as fuel for D.G. Set. x Adequate stack height will be provided to control & disperse the air pollutants within the stipulated norms. x Peripheral greenbelt should be developed as per CPCB guidelines and maintained adequately. Fugitive emissions due to Odour/VOC x All the raw materials will be stored in isolated storage area raw material handling and and containers will be kept tightly closed. transportation, x Entire manufacturing activity will be carried out in closed
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Description Source Type of Pollutant/ Control Measures Pollution Potential manufacturing activity etc. reactors/ vessels and regular checking and maintenance of the same will be carried out to avoid any leakages. x All the motors of pumps for the handling of hazardous chemicals will be flame proof and provided with suitable mechanical seal with stand-by arrangement. x The control of all parameters on a continuous basis will be done by adequate control valves, pressure release valves and safety valves etc. x All the flange joints of the pipe lines will be covered with flange guards. x The spillages / leakages of specific chemical will be collected and it will be drained to effluent treatment plant. x Precautionary measures will be taken while handling various hazardous chemicals. x Adequate ventilation system in process plant and hazardous chemical storage area should be provided. x A regular preventive maintenance will be planned to replace or rectify all gaskets, joints etc. x Transporters will be instructed to cover the trucks by tarpaulin sheets. x TREM card will be provided to the driver during the
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Description Source Type of Pollutant/ Control Measures Pollution Potential transportation of Hazardous raw materials/products. x Sufficient information and training regarding characteristics and immediate actions in case of any spillage or accident during transportation of hazardous chemical will be provided to the driver x The unit will also develop green belt area within the factory premises to control the fugitive emissions from spreading into surrounding environment. x Unit will install portable detection system for VOCs in the process area. In addition, unit should carry out regular work place monitoring. x To control the odour (if any) generated during the process, unit will installed turbo jet ventilators on the roof top of the industrial shed area. Water Domestic Wastewater Low Pollution x The domestic wastewater generated will be disposed off Environment Potential through septic tank/soak pit system. Industrial Wastewater Slightly High x Effluent generated due to washing activity & cooling tower Pollution Potential (blow down) & manufacturing process will be collected in Collection cum Neutralization Tank. Then wastewater will be given Chemical Oxidation treatment. After completion of Chemical Oxidation Treatment, wastewater will be taken to
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Description Source Type of Pollutant/ Control Measures Pollution Potential Nutch Filter/Settling Tank for chemical sludge separation. Treated wastewater and cooling tower blow down will be collected in holding tank. After that it will be sent to Evaporator followed by Condenser. Condensate water will be reused for industrial process. ETP sludge along with evaporation residue from Evaporator will be disposed off at TSDF site. Thus, unit will maintain ZERO EFFLUENT DISCHARGE. Solid/ Manufacturing Activity, ETP Sludge + x ETP Sludge + Evaporation Residue will be disposed off at Hazardous Wastewater Treatment Evaporation Residue approved TSDF site. Used Oil will be reused within premises Waste Used Oil, Discarded as a lubricant or sold to registered recycler. Discarded Plastic Management Plastic Bags/Drums. Bags/Barrels will be sold to authorized vendor. x Separate storage area should be provided for hazardous waste proposed to be generated from the unit. The hazardous waste storage area will have RCC flooring and asbestos roof covering on the top so as to avoid rainwater mixing with the same. The leachate if any, will be discharged to collection tank of Effluent Treatment Plant Burning of Fuel in TFH Fly Ash x Fly ash will be generated as solid waste; which will be sold to cement/ RMC/ paver blocks/ building bricks manufacturer units and also will be supplied to the other companies for
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Description Source Type of Pollutant/ Control Measures Pollution Potential land levelling, conditioning, road construction, etc. Noise Plant Equipments and Low Pollution x Noise suppression measures such as enclosures, buffers Environment various Machinery Potential and/or protective measures should be provided, if required (wherever noise level is more than 90 dB (A)). x Employees should be provided with ear protection measures like earplugs or earmuffs. Earplug should be provided to all workers where exposure is 85 dB (A) or more. x The transportation contractor shall be informed to avoid unnecessary speeding of the vehicles inside the premises. x Extensive oiling, lubrication and preventive maintenance will be carried out for the machineries and equipments to reduce noise generation. x The selection of plant equipment will be made with specification of low noise levels. x Areas with high noise levels will be identified and segregated where possible and will include prominently displayed caution boards. x The greenbelt area will be developed within industrial premises and around the periphery (if possible) to prevent the noise pollution in surrounding area.
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10.5 Greenbelt Development Plan
The main objective of the green belt is to provide a barrier between the plant and the surrounding areas. The green belt helps to halt soil erosion, make the eco-system more sustainable, make the climate more conductive and restore water balance. The green belt helps to capture the fugitive emissions and to attenuate the noise generated in the plant apart from improving the aesthetics of the plant site.
The unit proposes to create the peripheral greenbelt within the project site as well as outside the project premises considering the CPCB guidelines.
9 Out of total plant area 16,532 m2, Unit will develop thick greenbelt in 5,546 m2 areas (33.55 %). Considering the environmental status of project area four main parameters like salinity, draught, fire resistance species with faster growth rate and ever green nature have been considered while selecting the species. In addition, it has been suggested to plant several local tree and shrub species (with following important specific terms) under afforestation program to improve their abundance status as well as wilderness areas and several characteristics to improve adjoin land to project areas. Facts considered during selection of plant species for greenbelt development are: 9 Agro climatic zone (dry sub humid – as per CPCB) of the project area 9 Evergreen species to mitigate cumulative impacts due to other industries. 9 Type of pollutant (mainly air) likely to disperse from project activities. 9 Biological–filter Efficiency: Absorption of gases, Dust capturing and Noise control. 9 Tree and shrub species which are tall and bearing larger canopy cover
and leaf area with different size classes (small, medium and larger)
were suggested to maintain the different canopy levels at vertical
profile.
9 Many fruit trees and shrubs were in the selection list to attract birds,
squirrel and fruit eating bats which are locally available.
9 Mostly local tree and shrub species were recommended (Table 10.1) to
provide habitat for faunal species, increase the species diversity and
maintain the naturalness.
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The green belt development program will go simultaneously in phased manner along with the civil activities. It may be noted that this activity demands expert advice and guidance. Details of the selected plant species for development of greenbelt are given in the Table 10.1.
Table 10.1: Details of Plant Species in Greenbelt
Sr. Number of Species Name Local Name Habit Family No. Species Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) 1 Harmo Bavar Tree Mimosaceae 120 Willd. Khijado, 2 Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce Tree Mimosaceae 120 Hangar Acacia nilotica (L.) Del. subsp. Deshi Baval, 3 Tree Mimosaceae 110 indica(Bth.) Brenan Bavar 4 Albizia lebbeck (L.) Bth. Karo Sirish Tree Mimosaceae 110 Limbdo, 5 Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Tree Meliaceae 150 Neem 6 Cordia gharaf (Forsk.) E.&.A. Gundi Tree Ehretiaceae 110 7 Ficus benghalensis L. Vad Tree Moraceae 110 Total no. of species 830
Proposed Three Years Program for Greenbelt Development Plantation During During During During During Total Details 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year
No. of plants 174 174 164 159 159 830
10.6 Rain Water Harvesting Scheme
Rainwater Harvesting is generally recharging rainwater in to the underground formation, where it will be stored in underground reservoirs (Aquifer) so that we can draw it whenever we need it.
Need for Rainwater Harvesting To reduce ground water pollution
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To augment the ground water storage and decline of water level To improve the quality of ground water To reduce the soil erosion To avoid flooding on roads
The harvested rain water can be used for flushing, washing, gardening, irrigation, fire fighting etc. Rain water is the purest form for water available to us.
Advantages of Rainwater Harvesting Provides self sufficiency at least reduces load on water supply Reduces the cost of pumping of ground water as it raises ground water table Improves quality of ground water through dilution when recharge to ground water Reduces soil erosion in alluvium area Rainwater harvesting systems are simple which can be adopted by individuals Components:- Catchment Collection system Filtration unit Storage system:-
Available Technology:- Storage in artificial above or underground tanks. Recharging aquifer directly through tube wells with necessary treatment. Recharging aquifer by percolation / Soakage in the ground.
Aquifers best suited for artificial recharge are those that absorb large quantities of water and do not release them too quickly.
Theoretically this means that the vertical hydraulic conductivity is high while the horizontal hydraulic conductivity is moderate. Most of the artificial recharge areas are located in the alluvial plains because of many favorable conditions like availability of infiltration waters and transmissivity of the aquifers.
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Method of Ground Recharge:-
In arid and semiarid areas rain water forms the only source of domestic water supply. This is an ideal solution to water problem where there is no ground water (Saline ground water) and surface sources are very far. This is ideally suited from the economical point of view. Rain water is bacteriologically pure, free from, organic water and soft in nature. To meet drinking water demand during the critical dry period of 90-120 days roof top water harvesting is very useful. Ground water recharge or storage from house of 100 m2 of roof top will be 55,000 liters in one year, sufficient for a period of four months for a family of five members.
In roof top rain water harvesting the rain water is collected from roof of the buildings and stored in water tank or ground water reservoir for beneficial use in future. The size of the catchment area and tank should be enough to supply sufficient water for the users during this period.
Volume Volume of tank can be calculated by the following formula. V= (t x n x a) tat where V= Volume of tank (litters) T= Length of the dry season (days) N= Number of people using the tank A= Consumption per capita per days (litters) ET= Evaporation loss during the dry period Since evaporation from a closed storage tank is negligible the evaporation loss (et) can be ignored (=Zero)
Need for Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting (R T R W H) x To meet ever increasing demand for water in urban areas. x To reduce the runoff which is chocking the storm drains x To avoid the flooding of roads x To augment the ground water storage and control decline of water levels x To reduce the ground water pollution x To improve the quality of ground water x To reduce the soil erosion
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x Rain water may be harnessed at place of need and may be utilized at time of need x The structures required for harvesting the rain water are simple, economical and eco-friendly
Essential Components of the system 9 Roof Catchment 9 Gutters for collection of roof water 9 Down pipe to convey rain water from gutter to storage tank 9 “Foul Flush” to divert the contaminated run-off from roof (for initial wash out before taking to storage tank 9 Filter/Mesh 9 Storage tank under ground 9 Water withdrawal arrangement (Hand Pump) 9 Dis-infection arrangement
Design Consideration In the design system, the main criterion is the most economical combination of the storage tank volume, systematic analysis of rainfall records and construction costs.
Selection of Site ¾ Site should be close to the house to reduce the cost of down pipe ¾ Site should have good drainage and should be away from the cattle shed and soak pits etc. for cleanliness and hygiene surrounding the tank ¾ Site should be away from tress to prevent litters falling on the roof and structural disturbance to the tank by roof propagation ¾ Site should be easily accessible for tapping water
Tips for Maintenance of the R R H S ¾ Always keep the surroundings of the tank clean and hygienic ¾ Remove Algae from the roof tiles and asbestos sheets before the monsoon ¾ Drain the tank completely and clean from inside thoroughly before the monsoon ¾ Clean the water channels (Gutters) often during rainy season and definitely before the first monsoon rain
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¾ Avoid first 15 or 20 minutes of rain fall depending on the intensity of rain. Use the first flush arrangement to drain off this first rain water ¾ Change the filter media every rainy season ¾ In coastal area the tank may be painted outside by corrosion resistant paint once in 3 years and in other areas lime (Calcium Carbonate) based white wash may be applied not only for beauty but also for cleanliness ¾ Withdraw water from the system at the rate of 5 lits/head/day. This will ensure availability of water throughout the water scarcity period. ¾ Cover all inlet and outlet pipes with closely knife nylon net or fine cloth or cap during non-rainy season to avoid entry of insects, worms and mosquitoes. ¾ The substances that go into the making of the roof should be non- toxic in nature
Suitable Recharge Technique Artificial recharge is achieved by three methods namely by spreading by induced recharge and by injection. The suitability of particular method is based on the hydro geological condition. Our area is composed of deep aquifers with impervious over burden hence injection method is most suitable. Water is fed directly in to the depleted aquifers by providing a conduit access such as tubewell. Recharge by tubewell is the only method for artificial recharge of confined aquifer or deep seated aquifers. The recharge is instantaneous and there are no transit losses and evaporation losses. Artificial recharge is an important aspect of ground water management as it provides storage space free of cost, during dry period. The underground reservoirs can be used for indefinite period, if properly operated. Recharge Tube Well Recharge tubewell is constructed by drilling borehole up to desired depth with slotted pipes as per geo-hydrological condition of the area. After pilot bore hole drilling electrical logging process will be carried out to know lithology & quality of aquifer water. Pipe assembly will be proposed after electrical logging process. After logging process, reaming whole process will be carried out as per specification. The annual space between the bore hole and pipe assembly is filled with suitable size of gravels (4 mm to 6
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mm size). The recharge bore than develop with air compression to open the slots to maintain the recharging water in good quantity. In alluvium area, well screen is used which allows, water to enter the well freely at low velocity, prevents sand & Slit from entering the well. The aim of screen is to obtain the maximum slot screen pipe (Vee – Wire screens) is made with cold drawn wire, triangular in section, wound spirally around a circular array of longitudinal rods.
Vee – Wire Screens 9 Efficient and sustainable for recharge well. 9 Large % open area: - More than two times effective open area, gives maximum recharge rate at minimum frictional head loss which also reduces incrustation rate. 9 Vee shaped slots: - Produces jetting effect to inject recharge water in to the aquifer. 9 Non clogging slots. 9 Non corrosive. 9 Long life 9 Higher discharge to aquifer. 9 The best alternative for slotted pipes.
Filter Pit for Recharge Tubewell Function:- o Main function is to reduce turbidity of raw water to reduce chocking of gravel pack. o Keep feeding filtered water to recharge well. Importance:- o To sustain the recharge process. o To maintain the recharge rate. o The system is gravel less system, maintenance free, provides effective sustainable recharge rate transparent process etc.
Recharge Pit Recharge by recharge pit is the only method for artificial recharge of unconfined aquifer or phreatic aquifers. The recharge is instantaneous and there are no transit losses and evaporation losses. Artificial recharge is an important aspect of ground water management as it provides storage
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space free of cost, during dry period. The underground reservoirs can be used for indefinite period, if properly operated, and quality of phreatic aquifer will be improved.
It is a common observation that phreatic aquifers are not always hydraulically in connection with the surface water. For effective recharge of rain water to the shallow aquifer the less permeable horizons have to be penetrated so that the aquifer to be recharged is made directly accessible. Recharge pits are structures which overcome the difficulty of artificial recharge o phreatic aquifer from surface water source i.e. Farm pond. Recharge pits are excavated of variable dimensions that are sufficient by deep to penetrate less permeable strata. In many pits most of the infiltration occurs laterally through that wall of the pit. The lateral hydraulic conductivity is considerable larger than the vertical ron silty water should be recharged whenever possible so as to minimize silt accumulation and periodic removal costs. Attention to the geometry of recharge pit is important in order to obtain the maximum infiltration rate. The small pits may be either used as small ponds or back/filled by gravel- sand filter material over a thick layer o cobble-boulder in the lower portion of the pit.
The bottom area o open pit may require periodic cleaning by manual methods as mechanical equipment cannot be deployed. The top sand filter bed of filter packed pit also requires periodical replacement.
Design of Recharge pit in Pond x Size 3 m dia X 3 m depth x Filter media as under 9 1 m depth coarse sand in top the pit 9 1 m depth gravel in middle of the pit 9 1 m depth boulder in bottom of the pit x Expected recharge 10,000 lit/hr. hence 7,200 m3 water/year x From one recharge pit 7,200 X 1 = 7,200 m3 water which is more than total consumption of the project.
Ground Water Recharge Rate The technical feasibility and economic viability of artificial recharge of
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Ground Water has already been established by CGWB (UNDP/CGWB 1986) by Siphen method.
Salient features of experiment of state govt. and PRL in 1977:- 1. Recharge rate : 590 LPM 2. Build up in the injection well :- 5.18 m 3. Drawdown in source well :- 0.70 m 4. Build up in observation (V = 40m) :-1.15 m 5. Transmissivity :- 540 m2 /day 6. Permeability : 70 m / Day 7. Injection well efficiency : 56%
No clogging in injection well was observed after 220 hrs of experiment. This method was found more economical and cost at the time of experiment was found to be 45 paisa per 1000 liters.
Runoff Calculation The area under investigation for M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP at Survey No. 782, Village: Jakhwada, Taluka: Viramgam, District: Ahmedabad is 16,532 m2. The dependable rainfall of the project area is 736 mm i.e. 0.736 m.
Available Rain water for 16,532 m2 area as under :
9 Catchment area of the Project :- 3,998 m2
9 Rainfall (Dependable) :- 736 mm i.e. (0.736 m)
A. Built up area : - 6,017 m2 B. Green Belt/ Gardening Area : - 5,546 m2 C. Road /Paved area : - 1,988 m2 D. Remaining open plot area : - 2,981 m2
A. Built up area , Suitable for Roof top Rain water Harvesting : - 6,017 m2 Runoff co-efficient for RTH : - 0.7
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
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Net rain water available for Roof Top rain water Harvesting = 6,017 x 0.7 x 0.736 m3 = 3,099.96 m3
B. Gardening Area : - 5,546 m2 Runoff co-efficient : - 0.5 Net rain water available from Green belt /Gardening Area = 5,546 x 0.5 x 0.736 m3 = 2,040.93 m3
C. Road / Paved Area : - 1,988 m2 Runoff co-efficient : - 0.6 Net rain water available from Road area = 1,988 x 0.6 x 0.736 m3 = 877.9 m3
D. Remaining open plot area : - 2,981 m2 Runoff co-efficient : - 0.2 Net rain water available from Road area = 2,981 x 0.2 x 0.736 m3 = 438.8 m3
Total Rain water available for recharge from Project = A + B + C +D = 3,099.96 m3 + 2,040.93 m3 + 877.9 m3 + 438.8 m3 = 6,457.59 m3 = 6458 m3 water available for recharge (Run off co-efficient is as per CGWB guideline) Total water consumption for project is 6,458 Liters/day i.e. 1,937 m3/year.
One recharge tubewell of size 300 mm dia x 180 mts. depth as per recharge tubewell design is recharging 40,000 lit per hour hence one recharge tubewell can recharge 4,80,000 lits/day with provision of 13 x 13 x 3 mts. farm pond having capacity of daily requirement recharge rate – 40,000 lit/hr. 12 hour can recharge per day with farm pond. Hence 4,80,000 lits/day can recharge/day. In Ahmedabad district average 30 days for rains in a year. Hence one recharge tube well can recharge 4,80,000 lit/day x 30 days = 14,400 m3 water per year can recharge by one recharge tubewell. Therefore the consumption of 6100 m3
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
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water for the project area can be recharged by one recharge tubewell with farm pond of 500 m3 capacity for daily requirement of tubewell recharge and remaining 800 M3 water can be recharge in outside of project area or in private land of Partner/Directors of the company.
Recommendations
Looking to the Geohydrology of the area, rainfall intensity, it is proposed to drill one recharge tubewell in one recharge tubewell 300 mm dia X 60 m depth in one farm ponds, having capacity of 500 m3 water in project area.
Recharge Tubewell Design & Specification
Specification of deep tubewell
x 300 mm dia X 180 mts. depth or blue clay is encountered x Expected recharge- 40,000 lits/hrs x Vee wire screen – 60 mts. for tapping zones between 100 to 180 mts. Slot size- 1.5 mm or 2.0 mm LCG. x Reaming hole – 600 mm hole x Gravel size – 4 to 6 mm. Gravel packing between 100 to 180 mts. depth x Clay packing 100m to Ground level x Electro logging essential x Expected cost of Recharge tubewell 5 lacs for each tubewell.
Recharge pit around Tubewell
x Recharge pit size 3 mts. dia X 3 mts. depth x Recharge unit:- Vee wire screen (ss304) size 200 mm X 400 mm dia length of unit 2.0 mts. x Provision for air vent should be done x 200 mm size screen - Slot size 0.5 mm 400 mm size screen – Slot size 0.75 mm x Coarse sand packing between two screen space. (1.0 mm size coarse sand) x Diagram of recharge pit is attached.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
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Figure : 10. 2 Schematic diagram of recharge tube well (new concept)
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
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10.7 Occupational Health Management Plan
A. Noise
Ambient and source Noise will be regularly monitored within the plant for checking compliance against environmental noise parameters as per CPCB norms and efficiency of noise control measures. All workmen will be provided with required set of PPEs like ear plug, ear muff etc. where noise levels in excess of 80 db (A) are regularly generated.
Preventive maintenance of noise generating equipment shall be regularly carried out to ensure that noise levels are minimized to the extent possible. To the extent feasible, equipment will be purchased considering noise generation as one of the parameters.
B. Heat
The project does not envisage conditions that could lead to excess heating. Consequently, special requirements for protection against heat stress are not anticipated. However, the following shall be carried out:
x Ventilation shall be provided to take care of heat evacuation. x Drinking water availability shall be ensured at several locations within the plant to ensure workers have easy access to the same. x In case of occasional handling of heated equipment or materials, suitable PPEs such as heat resistant gloves will be used.
C. Dust, other Chemicals being suspended in the Environment
The possibility of suspended particles going into the body of the workmen, either in the form of inhalation, ingestion or through skin absorption are least and negligible as because the entire operation at the plant will be performed under closed loop condition, right from charging till discharging, hence it’s a rare possibility that the workmen will come in direct contact with raw material or final goods. Further to this all of the workmen will be provided with complete set of appropriate PPEs, like nose musk / nose respirator, gloves, helmet, protective uniform and clothing, eye protections etc.
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D. Occupational Hazards Specific Pre-placement and Periodic Monitoring
9 Regular medical examination of all workers will be carried out to assess the health status of the workers and medical records for the same will be maintained for each worker and if required further actions will be taken. Following tests will be conducted periodically: x Lab investigations (e.g. fasting blood sugar, urine) x Hematology profiles x Lipid profiles x Liver Function Test x procedures of Environmental Management x Plans and other records
All precautionary methods will be adopted by the company to reduce the risk of exposure of hazards to employees, specifically:
9 A qualified doctor will be appointed on casual basis and required medicines, antidotes and first-aid box will be procured under the guidance of appointed doctor as per guidelines of Factory Act. 9 Adequate numbers of fire fighting equipments and extinguishers will be installed as per requirement of the fire risk in the proposed plant. 9 Proper training will be imparted to employees for use of safety appliances & first aid. 9 All workers will be trained on respective Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) so as to enable them to prevent any possible mishaps. 9 All loading/unloading will be carried out under technical guidance as per the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) generated for the particular raw material/product. 9 All pollution control equipments are periodically checked and maintained. 9 The work place area monitoring will be carried out for Particulate Matters (PM), VOCs & Noise on regular basis. 9 Good housekeeping, proper and adequate ventilation and lighting will be arranged for better workplace area as per guidelines of Factory Act. 9 Water purification and water cooler will be provided for safe drinking water.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad.
10.8 Fire & Safety Management Plan
The company will provide sufficient fire extinguishers and fire hydrant systems for protection of the plant building against fire due to electrical spark and short circuit. Automatic type fire extinguishing system will be provided to protect the control and computer rooms areas from fire hazards.
Qualified and trained officers will manage the environment and safety department. All persons in operation and maintenance of the plant will be given basic fire fighting training.
To avoid short-circuiting an earthing system will be designed and installed for a ground fault short circuit. Grid resistance will be decided based on soil resistively and allowance for corrosion. Electrical equipments will be flame proof. To avoid road accident due to spillage of fuels and blockages of road, proper parking and road safety signs both inside and outside the plant will be displayed.
Good housekeeping, proper and adequate ventilation and lighting will be arranged for better workplace area as per guidelines of Factory Act.
10.9 Cleaner Production Technologies
Cleaner production is a preventive, company-specific environmental protection initiative. It is intended to minimize waste and emissions and maximize product output. Unit will adopt cleaner production techniques in water conservation, waste minimization, housekeeping, reuse/recycle, energy saving etc. wherever possible by the following practices;
Adopting latest and best process technology to achieve maximum yield with minimum waste generation. Adopting good housekeeping practices by maintaining cleanliness in premises and providing regular training and giving instructions for the same. Carrying out energy audit at regular time interval. Installing flow meter at water intake and at effluent treatment plant.
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Installation and efficient use of rain water harvesting system. Reusing spent/waste oil for lubrication in machineries and equipments within the premises. Reusing condensate water from evaporator in different industrial activities.
10.10 Budget for Environment Protection Measures
Capital investment for the protection of environment will be about Rs. 82 Lacs. Unit will regularly and efficiently operate environmental management systems and keep provision for fund for meeting expenses for the same. The budgetary allocation towards Environmental Management for the proposed project is presented in the Table 10.2
Table 10.2: Budgetary allocation towards Environmental Management
Aspect of Cost in Recurring Cost Remarks Environmental Lakh (Lakh /Annum) Management [Rs.] [Rs.] Air Pollution 16.0 4.5 Capital cost would include air pollution control devices and the recurring cost would include operation and maintenance of pollution control devices and stack emission monitoring & sample analysis charges. Water Pollution 15.0 4.0 Capital cost would include cost of septic tank/soak pit system, ETP , evaporator etc. and recurring cost would include maintenance charges, manpower salary, sample analysis charges etc. Noise Pollution 1.0 0.4 Capital cost would include providing adequate sound enclosures and recurring cost would include monitoring of noise level.
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M/s. Paragon Poly Resins LLP Environmental Impact Assessment Report Survey No. 782, Village : Jakhwada,
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Aspect of Cost in Recurring Cost Remarks Environmental Lakh (Lakh /Annum) Management [Rs.] [Rs.] Hazardous / Solid 27.0 1.0 Capital cost would include Waste expense for providing storage Management area for hazardous waste and recurring cost would be for solid/ hazardous waste packing & its disposal and for the membership of TSDF site. Green Belt 2.0 1.0 Capital cost would include development of green belt within and outside the project premises and recurring cost would include maintenance charges, manpower salary etc. Occupational 13.0 1.5 Capital cost would include cost of Health & Safety OHS center, PPEs and recurring cost would include maintenance charges Miscellaneous 8.0 3.0 Miscellaneous activity such as development of rain water harvesting system, cost of fire and safety equipment and recurring cost would include maintenance charges Total 82.0 16.00
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Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. CHAPTER - 11 SUMMARY & CONCLUSION
11.1 Introduction
Generally any project or action includes various impacts, which vary in magnitude as their beneficial or adverse classification. At the same time it is very important to conclude that the “overall” or “collective” impact of the proposed project is beneficial or detrimental.
In case of the proposed project, impacts are evaluated with respect to various activities during construction and operational phase.
11.2 Air Environment
The general meteorological data collected during the study period confirms that climatic status of the study area is consistent with the regional meteorology.
Baseline AAQ data indicates that 98th percentile concentration of PM10, PM2.5,
SO2, NO2, CO & VOCs in the study area are well within the permissible limits as prescribed in the National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQ) standards.
Based on the ground level concentration evaluated by Dispersion Modelling, it is found that due to the operation of proposed project incremental values of various parameters are well within the permission limits as prescribed in the National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQ) standards.
Hence, it may be concluded that there would not be any adverse impacts on surrounding air environment within the study area due to the proposed project.
11.3 Water Environment
Base - line data reveal that as per drinking water quality standards IS 10500 overall quality of both surface & ground water is suitable for domestic activity
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Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. including agricultural activity. Ground water quality in the area meets the Water Quality Standards (IS 10500) for drinking water except for parameters like pH & Fluoride whereas surface water quality in the area meets the Water Quality Standards (IS 10500) for drinking water except for parameters like pH.
The total water requirement for the proposed project activity will be 10 kl/day. Water will be obtained through borewell to fulfil such requirements. However, industry proposed to install rainwater harvesting system to recharge the ground water. Therefore, there will be no significant impact on groundwater.
Domestic wastewater will be disposed off through a septic tank/soak pit system and industrial wastewater will be collected and treated in ETP. Treated effluent will be ultimately evaporated off in an evaporator.
Thus, it can be concluded that there would not be any significant adverse impact on the water environment due to the proposed project.
11.4 Noise Environment
Noise level in the project premises will be controlled at the source itself by appropriate use of noise suppressing systems. Noise level in the surrounding study area is well within the permissible limits as prescribed in the National Noise Quality Standards.
Thus, noise generated due to the project activity shall create negligible impact in surrounding environments. This shall further be attenuated by a barrier of plantation at the periphery of the plant.
11.5 Land/Soil Environment
The soil pollution is generally due to wastewater and solid waste. There will be no industrial wastewater discharge as treated effluent will be ultimately evaporated off in an evaporator. Solid waste generation will be very less during operation phase of the proposed project. Hazardous waste will be properly collected, stored & ultimately disposed to secured landfill/TSDF site.
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Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad. All the solid/hazardous wastes generated due to the proposed project will be properly collected, stored & ultimately disposed off as per the applicable Act/Rules prescribed by statutory authority.
Therefore, there would be no adverse impact on the land environment due to the proposed project.
11.6 Ecology & Biodiversity
The flora and fauna of the study area indicate that species diversification is very less in the study area so, impacts on flora and fauna are negligible. There would be no adverse impact of air pollution on the surrounding ecology as all the necessary air pollution control measures will be provided.
It may be noted that the company will develop a large green belt area, which will help in inviting birds and other creatures to proliferate. Thus, the proposed project will not have any adverse impact on the ecology.
11.7 Socio-Economic Environment
The proposed project will generate employment during operation phase. The indirect employment will also be generated by way of transportation, shopkeepers and other casual employment for many people during operation phase as well as construction phase.
Local people will be given preference for the jobs in the proposed project. Economic status of the local people will improve due to the increased business opportunities, thereby making a positive impact. Educational, medical and housing facilities in the study area will considerably improve.
Thus, the proposed project will have significant positive impact on the employment pattern of the study area.
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11.8 Conclusion
Negligible impacts will occur on air quality. However, all the necessary air pollution control measures will be provided. No ecological damage will occur. No adverse impacts will occur on water environment. Local employment opportunities will increase. Various other environment parameters like Forest/ National Park/ Sanctuary and Religious / Historical Places will not be affected. Environment Management Plan has been formulated to control all the pollutant parameters and Environment Management Cell has been set-up to ensure that these parameters do not exceed the norms set out by the concerned authorities. After commissioning of the proposed project the Environmental Management Cell will take care of all the pollution control measures.
It can be concluded on a positive note that after the implementation of the mitigation measures and environmental management plan during the construction & operational phase, there will be negligible impact on the environment.
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CHAPTER - 12 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT ORGANIZATION
12.1 Declaration for Involvement in the EIA Study
DECLARATION BY ORGANIZATION
Project Details Name & address M/s. PARAGON POLY RESINS LLP Survey No.: 782, Village: Jakhwada, Taluka : Viramgam, District : Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Project Type Manufacturing of different types of Resin
Category as per EIA 5(f) ‘B’ Notification NABET sector 21
EIA Consultant Details
Name & address T. R. Associates A-401, S. G. Businesss Hub, B/w. Sola Bhagwat & Gota Over Bridge, Near Umiya Campus, S. G. Highway, Ahmedabad - 380060, Gujarat. Contact No.: 98253 71099 [email protected] Current Status NABET Accredited vide their Certificate No. QCI/NABET/ENV/ACO/18/0730 issued on 13.08.2018 valid upto 17.03.2019 (Certificate is attached as Annexure - 3).
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Details of Laboratory engaged in EIA Study
Name & Address T. R. Associates Survey No. 272/3, Opp. New Gujarat High Court, Royal Enfield Showroom Lane, S.G. Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Contact No.: 98253 71099. [email protected] Current Status NABL Accredited vides Certificate No. TC-7896 dated 14-11-2018 valid upto 13-11-2020 (Certificate is attached as Annexure - 3) Name & address M/s. Gujarat Laboratory F-16/17, Madhavpura Market, Shahibaug, Ahmedabad – 380004. Current Status NABL Accredited vide Certificate No. TC-5961 valid upto 17-01-2020 (Certificate is attached as Annexure - 3)
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12.2 Company Profile
T. R. ASSOCIATES is an organization working towards providing techno- economical solutions through innovative ideas and indigenous technologies, in the field of Pollution Control and Management. Having in-house facilities for Design, Execution, Erection and Commissioning; T. R. Associates undertakes project from Concept to Commissioning.
T. R. ASSOCIATES is enlisted as Environmental Consultants and are recognized as Schedule-II Environmental Auditors by Gujarat Pollution Control Board.
SERVICES
T. R. Associates provides services in the areas,
Research & Development
Environment & Safety Consultation: Environmental Quality Monitoring Engineering Designs
Environment & Safety Assessment: Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Audit Safety Audit Risk Assessment
Engineering Procurement & Commissioning: Effluent Treatment Plants Sewage Treatment Plants
Laboratory work: Ambient air and Noise monitoring & analysis, Meteorology, water & wastewater analysis & soil analysis
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INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES
Office Premises: Office area of around 1995 sq. ft. is located in commercial area on S. G. Highway, B/w Sola Bhagwat & Gota Over Bridge, Near Umiya Campus. The office and the laboratory are located very near, which help in maintaining the authenticity of the methodologies used for the analysis thus helping in arriving at the quality solution timely.
Laboratory Facilities: Laboratory is a heart for any organization dealing in the environmental field. T. R. Associates has a NABL accredited Lab with a team of experience personnel who are trained in sampling for air, water and wastewater and for conducting Analysis, Treatability and Feasibility studies at its own well- equipped laboratory.
Analytical Capability: The laboratory can undertake the qualitative and timely analysis of all the environmental parameters concerning Air, Water & Waste Water and Hazardous / Solid Waste.
R&D Facilities: Has established bench scale models for process development, performance evaluation and process optimization.
Communication Facilities:Main facilities like office and laboratory are located very near thus aiding faster communication between the personnel’s thus helping at arriving to a solution faster. The infrastructure is adequately equipped with Telephone connections, Wi-Fi connection, Internet connection, Courier services etc. to have faster communication with the outer world.
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LIST OF INSTRUMENTS / EQUIPMENTS / MODEL
Magnetic Analytical Balance pH meter Conductivity Meter COD Digestion Assembly Incubator for BOD Refrigerator for storage of samples and reagents Digital UV Visible Spectrophotometer Magnetic Stirrer with Hot Plate Hot Plate Stack Monitoring Kits High Volume Air Samplers Respirable Dust Collector
PM2.5, PM10 Sampler Automatic Weather Station Temperature Thermometer Dry Bulb Wet Bulb Thermometer Noise meter Microscope with Halogen Lamp Oven Temperature Controller Muffle Furnace Flame Photometer Benzene sampler VOC meter CO meter Laboratory Glassware
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