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Fearless Therefore Powerful» Sociability and Emotions in Mary Shelley’S Frankenstein
«FEARLESS THEREFORE POWERFUL» SOCIABILITY AND EMOTIONS IN MARY SHELLEY’S FRANKENSTEIN Cristina Paoletti Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Filosofia, [email protected] Abstract. «Fearless therefore Powerful». Sociability and Emotions in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein This paper analyses the role played by fear as the motive of both Victor Frankenstein and his monster’s behaviour. Moving from the natural horror the monster excites, fear is mostly considered by Mary Shelley as a normal reaction, and its absence marks pathological circumstances, such as cruelty or unsympathetic and antisocial feelings. Referring to the philosophical debate on moral sympathy and to the scientific discussion on Erasmus Darwin’s account of animal instincts, Shelley also provided remarkable criticis Keywords: Enlightenment, Emotions, English Literature, Seventeenth Century. So should young SYMPATHY, in female form, Climb the tall rock, spectatress of the storm; Life's sinking wrecks with secret sighs deplore, And bleed for others' woes, Herself on shore; To friendless Virtue, gasping on the strand, Governare la paura – 2008, giugno Cristina Paoletti Bare her warm heart, her virgin arms expand1. An essay on Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein might perhaps appear an obvious choice when dealing with fear and its literary and artistic representations. Victor Frankenstein’s odd and shocking story was firstly received with dismay and disappointment and an early reviewer explained the terror produced by the novel with the folly of the author. The [author’s] dreams of insanity are embodied in the strong and striking language of the insane, and the author, notwithstanding the rationality of his preface, often leaves us in doubt whether he is not as mad as his hero. -
Select Letters of Percy Bysshe Shelley
ENGLISH CLÀSSICS The vignette, representing Shelleÿs house at Great Mar lou) before the late alterations, is /ro m a water- colour drawing by Dina Williams, daughter of Shelleÿs friend Edward Williams, given to the E ditor by / . Bertrand Payne, Esq., and probably made about 1840. SELECT LETTERS OF PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY EDITED WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY RICHARD GARNETT NEW YORK D.APPLETON AND COMPANY X, 3, AND 5 BOND STREET MDCCCLXXXIII INTRODUCTION T he publication of a book in the series of which this little volume forms part, implies a claim on its behalf to a perfe&ion of form, as well as an attradiveness of subjeâ:, entitling it to the rank of a recognised English classic. This pretensión can rarely be advanced in favour of familiar letters, written in haste for the information or entertain ment of private friends. Such letters are frequently among the most delightful of literary compositions, but the stamp of absolute literary perfe&ion is rarely impressed upon them. The exceptions to this rule, in English literature at least, occur principally in the epistolary litera ture of the eighteenth century. Pope and Gray, artificial in their poetry, were not less artificial in genius to Cowper and Gray ; but would their un- their correspondence ; but while in the former premeditated utterances, from a literary point of department of composition they strove to display view, compare with the artifice of their prede their art, in the latter their no less successful cessors? The answer is not doubtful. Byron, endeavour was to conceal it. Together with Scott, and Kcats are excellent letter-writers, but Cowper and Walpole, they achieved the feat of their letters are far from possessing the classical imparting a literary value to ordinary topics by impress which they communicated to their poetry. -
"I Accuse Miss Owenson": the Wild Irish Girl As Media Event
Colby Quarterly Volume 36 Issue 2 June Article 5 June 2000 "I accuse Miss Owenson": The Wild Irish Girl as Media Event Claire Connolly Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/cq Recommended Citation Colby Quarterly, Volume 36, no.2, June 2000, p.98-115 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Colby. It has been accepted for inclusion in Colby Quarterly by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ Colby. Connolly: "I accuse Miss Owenson": The Wild Irish Girl as Media Event III accuse Miss Owenson II: The Wild Irish Girl as Media Event by CLAIRE CONNOLLY YDNEY OWENSON may not have written the first Irish novel-that prize is Sconventionally accorded to Castle Rackrent, written by her near-contem porary Maria Edgeworth-yet it is possible to argue that she received the first Irish review. Novels had of course been reviewed in Ireland before Owenson (just as novels had been written in Ireland before Edgeworth) but this essay argues that the critical reception of her early novels, particularly The Wild Irish Girl, in the Dublin newspaper the Freeman's Journal consti tutes a foundational moment in the history of Irish fiction, analogous to Castle Rackrent's innovative fusion of narrative experimentation with the politics of Union. In the attention centred on the enigmatic figure of its author, The Wild Irish Girl controversy generated an interpretative crux equivalent to the problem of Edgeworth's unreliable narrator Thady Quirk; Sydney Owenson herself became as much the object of argument and specu lation as her fictional work. -
The Poetry of John Keats: Lamia, Endymion, Poems 1817, and Poems 1820
Keats’ Poetry: 4 Books The poetry of John Keats: Lamia, Endymion, Poems 1817, and Poems 1820 AN ELECTRONIC CLASSICS SERIES PUBLICATION Keats’ Poetry: 4 Books by John Keats is a publication of The Electronic Classics Series. This Portable Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State University nor Jim Manis, Editor, nor anyone associated with the Pennsylvania State Uni- versity assumes any responsibility for the material con- tained within the document or for the file as an elec- tronic transmission, in any way. Keats’ Poetry: 4 Books by John Keats, The Electronic Classics Series, Jim Manis, Editor, PSU-Hazleton, Hazleton, PA 18202 is a Portable Document File pro- duced as part of an ongoing publication project to bring classical works of literature, in English, to free and easy access of those wishing to make use of them. Jim Manis is a faculty member of the English Department of The Pennsylvania State University. This page and any preceding page(s) are restricted by copyright. The text of the following pages are not copyrighted within the United States; however, the fonts used may be. Cover Design: Jim Manis Copyright © 2010 - 2012 The Pennsylvania State University is an equal opportunity university. Contents LAMIA .................................................... 6 ENDYMION: ....................................... 27 PREFACE..................................................................28 -
Top Left-Hand Corner
The four novels Hyperion, The Fall of Hyperion, Endymion and The Rise of Endymion constitute the Hyperion Cantos by the American science fiction writer Dan Simmons. This galactic-empire, epic, science fiction narrative contains a plethora of literary references. The dominant part comes from the nineteenth-century Romantic poet John Keats. The inclusion of passages from his poetry and letters is pursued in my analysis. Employing Lubomír Doležel’s categorizations of intertextuality— “transposition,” “expansion,” and “displacement”—I seek to show how Keats’s writings and his persona constitute a privileged intertext in Simmons’s tetralogy and I show its function. Simmons constructs subsidiary plots, some of which are driven by Keats’s most well-known poetry. In consequence, some of the subplots can be regarded as rewrites of Keats’s works. Although quotations of poetry have a tendency to direct the reader’s attention away from the main plot, slowing down the narrative, such passages in the narratives evoke Keats’s philosophy of empathy, beauty and love, which is fundamental for his humanism. For Keats, the poet is a humanist, giving solace to mankind through his poetry. I argue that the complex intertextual relationships with regards to Keats’s poetry and biography show the way Simmons expresses humanism as a belief in man’s dignity and worth, and uses it as the basis for his epic narrative. Keywords: Dan Simmons; The Hyperion Cantos; John Keats’s poetry and letters; intertextuality; empathy; beauty; love; humanism. Gräslund 2 The American author Dan Simmons is a prolific writer who has published in different genres. -
On the Rise and Progress of Popular Disaffection,” in Es- Says, Moral and Political, 2 Vols
Notes Introduction 1. Robert Southey, “On the Rise and Progress of Popular Disaffection,” in Es- says, Moral and Political, 2 vols. (1817; London: John Murray, 1832), II, 82. The identity of Junius remained a mystery, and even Edmund Burke was suspected. For an argument that he was Sir Philip Francis, see Alvar Ellegård, Who Was Junius? (The Hague, 1962). 2. Byron, “The Vision of Judgment” in Lord Byron: The Complete Poetical Works, ed. Jerome J. McGann and Barry Weller, 7 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980–92), VI, 309–45. 3. M. H. Abrams, Natural Supernaturalism: Tradition and Revolution in Ro- mantic Literature (New York: W. W. Norton, 1971), p. 13. 4. See Anne K. Mellor, English Romantic Irony (Cambridge: Harvard Univer- sity Press, 1980). 5. Jerome J. McGann, The Romantic Ideology: A Critical Investigation (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1983), pp. 23–24. 6. Jerome J. McGann, Towards a Literature of Knowledge (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989), p. 39. 7. McGann, Towards a Literature of Knowledge, p. 39. 8. McGann, “Literary Pragmatics and the Editorial Horizon,” in Devils and Angels: Textual Editing and Literary Theory, ed. Philip Cohen (Charlottesville and London: University Press of Virginia, 1991), pp. 1–21 (13). 9. Marilyn Butler, “Satire and the Images of Self in the Romantic Period: The Long Tradition of Hazlitt’s Liber Amoris,” in English Satire and the Satiric Tradition, ed. Claude Rawson (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1984), 209–25 (209). 10. Stuart Curran, Poetic Form and British Romanticism (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986), pp. 12–13. 11. Gary Dyer, British Satire and the Politics of Style, 1789–1832 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997). -
Keats Essay Ode to Psyche October 2015 Final
1 Keats, Myth, and the Science of Sympathy Gregory Tate Keywords: Keats, ‘Ode to Psyche’, science, medicine, sympathy, myth Abstract This essay considers the connections between myth and sympathy in Keats’s poetic theory and practice. It argues that the ‘Ode to Psyche’ exemplifies the way in which Keats uses mythological narrative, and the related trope of apostrophe, to promote a restrained form of sympathy, which preserves an objectifying distance between the poet and the feelings that his poetry examines. This model of sympathy is informed by Keats’s medical training: the influential surgeon Astley Cooper and The Hospital Pupil’s Guide (1816) both identify a sensitive but restrained sympathy for patients’ suffering as an essential part of the scientific and professional methods of nineteenth- century medicine. However, while The Hospital Pupil’s Guide claims that mythological superstition has been superseded in medicine by positivist science, Keats’s ode suggests that myth retains a central role in poetry, as the foundation of a poetic method that mediates between imaginative sympathy and objective impartiality. In an 1843 biography of Sir Astley Cooper, one of Cooper’s students, Benjamin Travers, comments of the eminent surgeon that Neither his temperament nor his education had endowed him with a sensitiveness which in any degree disqualified him for the performance of his professional duties on the most trying occasions. In other words, he possessed an insusceptibility, equal to his powers of physical endurance. I mention this to meet the imputation of want of sensitiveness, with which I have heard him 2 reproached. He was not deficient in feeling, although it flowed in a deeper current, out of the reach of ordinary circumstances.1 Travers insists that there was no ‘want of sensitiveness’ in Cooper’s treatment of patients; the professional surgeon was also a man of feeling. -
John Keats 1 John Keats
John Keats 1 John Keats John Keats Portrait of John Keats by William Hilton. National Portrait Gallery, London Born 31 October 1795 Moorgate, London, England Died 23 February 1821 (aged 25) Rome, Italy Occupation Poet Alma mater King's College London Literary movement Romanticism John Keats (/ˈkiːts/; 31 October 1795 – 23 February 1821) was an English Romantic poet. He was one of the main figures of the second generation of Romantic poets along with Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley, despite his work only having been in publication for four years before his death.[1] Although his poems were not generally well received by critics during his life, his reputation grew after his death, so that by the end of the 19th century he had become one of the most beloved of all English poets. He had a significant influence on a diverse range of poets and writers. Jorge Luis Borges stated that his first encounter with Keats was the most significant literary experience of his life.[2] The poetry of Keats is characterised by sensual imagery, most notably in the series of odes. Today his poems and letters are some of the most popular and most analysed in English literature. Biography Early life John Keats was born in Moorgate, London, on 31 October 1795, to Thomas and Frances Jennings Keats. There is no clear evidence of his exact birthplace.[3] Although Keats and his family seem to have marked his birthday on 29 October, baptism records give the date as the 31st.[4] He was the eldest of four surviving children; his younger siblings were George (1797–1841), Thomas (1799–1818), and Frances Mary "Fanny" (1803–1889) who eventually married Spanish author Valentín Llanos Gutiérrez.[5] Another son was lost in infancy. -
The Irish Crokers Nick Reddan
© Nick Reddan Last updated 2 May 2021 The Irish CROKERs Nick Reddan 1 © Nick Reddan Last updated 2 May 2021 Table of Contents Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................... 2 Background ................................................................................................................................ 4 Origin and very early records ................................................................................................ 4 Acknowledgments.................................................................................................................. 5 Note ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Origin ......................................................................................................................................... 6 The Settlers ................................................................................................................................ 9 The first wave ........................................................................................................................ 9 The main group .................................................................................................................... 10 Lisnabrin and Nadrid ............................................................................................................... 15 Dublin I ................................................................................................................................... -
About the Meaning of the Picture and Therefore Treats the Image As Linked
about the meaning of the picture and therefore its creation back to her empirical self or conclude that treats the image as linked with the whole play. its meaning is coextensive with its point of departure.... Although this identification indicates that Kelly uses (p. 899) textual associations to read the visual image, he refuses to grant that the image, in turn, may Sherwin’s assertion, in this hypothetical formulation, interpret the text. We argue that, whenever a text might become a subject for endless debate between is given definite visual form, its generic structures ideological feminists and theorists of the imper- and patterns of meaning are supplemented, opened sonality of texts unless someone pointed out that, up by this new representation. Zoffany’s painting in fact, Frankenstein was published anonymously offers a rich reading of Macbeth precisely because and (in further support of Sherwin’s position) that it “gratifies] contemporary interests,” because it Walter Scott, who reviewed it favorably in Black- reveals what was found necessary to interpret in wood’s Edinburgh Magazine, not only failed to and for a previous age. This image helps us locate recognize it as the work of a woman but attributed a problematic moment, a “gap,” in the text; it wit- the novel to the author of Alastor (see The Ro- nesses the pressure of historical concerns on inter- mantics Reviewed, Part C, I, 73—80). This attribu- pretation, and it reminds us that our own moment is tion also buttresses Sherwin’s later speculations on no more privileged than Zoffany’s. the complex intertextuality of Alastor and Franken- stein (pp. -
Robert Southey, Politics, and the Year 1817 Ian Packer
Document generated on 09/30/2021 4:56 a.m. Romanticism on the Net An open access journal devoted to British Romantic literature Robert Southey, Politics, and the Year 1817 Ian Packer Robert Southey Article abstract Number 68-69, Spring–Fall 2017 This article examines Robert Southey’s interactions with both politics and politicians in the year 1817. The publication of the sections of the Collected URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1070619ar Letters of Robert Southey covering the period 1815-21 makes possible a much DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1070619ar closer and more nuanced examination of how Southey responded to the controversy over the unauthorised appearance of his early radical play, Wat See table of contents Tyler, and his subsequent condemnation in the House of Commons as a “renegado.” The Collected Letters make clear that Southey’s reaction to these events became entangled with his determination to gather support for his distinctive political programme, which he believed would save the country Publisher(s) from revolution. However, Southey’s interventions in the fraught political and Université de Montréal cultural debates of 1817 only served to cement his reputation as a particularly reactionary conservative. ISSN 2563-2582 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this article Packer, I. (2017). Robert Southey, Politics, and the Year 1817. Romanticism on the Net, (68-69). https://doi.org/10.7202/1070619ar Copyright © Ian Packer, 2017 This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. -
Adonais by Percy Bysshe Shelley
Adonais by Percy Bysshe Shelley MEMOIR OF SHELLEY. The life of Percy Bysshe Shelley is one which has given rise to a great deal of controversy, and which cannot, for a long time to come, fail to be regarded with very diverse sentiments. His extreme opinions on questions of religion and morals, and the great latitude which he allowed himself in acting according to his own opinions, however widely they might depart from the law of the land and of society, could not but produce this result. In his own time he was generally accounted an outrageous and shameful offender. At the present date many persons entertain essentially the same view, although softened by lapse of years, and by respect for his standing as a poet: others regard him as a conspicuous reformer. Some take a medium course, and consider him to have been sincere, and so far laudable; but rash and reckless of consequences, and so far censurable. His poetry also has been subject to very different constructions. During his lifetime it obtained little notice save for purposes of disparagement and denunciation. Now it is viewed with extreme enthusiasm by many, and is generally admitted to hold a permanent rank in English literature, though faulty (as some opine) through vague idealism and want of backbone. These are all points on which I shall here offer no personal opinion. I shall confine myself to tracing the chief outlines of Shelley's life, and (very briefly) the sequence of his literary work. Percy Bysshe Shelley came of a junior and comparatively undistinguished branch of a very old and noted family.