DOCSLIB.ORG

A STUDY GUIDE 3Rd Edition

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A STUDY GUIDE 3Rd Edition AP* HUMAN GEOGRAPHY: A STUDY GUIDE 3rd Edition by Ethel Wood WOODYARD PUBLICATIONS *AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board which was not involved in the production of and does not endorse this book. AP Human Geography: A Study Guide, 3rd edition, by Ethel Wood TABLE OF CONTENTS Published by WoodYard Publications PREFACE.........................................................................................................................................5 285 Main Street, Germantown, NY, U.S.A. Ph. 610-207-1366 SECTION ONE: Unit Reviews Fax 610-372-8401 www.woodyardpublications.com UNIT ONE: Geography: Its Nature and Perspectives......................................................8 email: [email protected] UNIT ONE: Multiple-Choice Questions..........................................................................25 UNIT ONE: Free-Response Question................................................................................30 UNIT TWO: Population.....................................................................................................31 UNIT TWO: Multiple-Choice Questions........................................................................58 UNIT TWO: Free-Response Question.............................................................................64 UNIT THREE: Cultural Patterns and Processes...............................................................65 UNIT THREE: Multiple-Choice Questions...........................................................................92 UNIT THREE: Free-Response Question.............................................................................98 UNIT FOUR: Political Organization of Space.............................................................................99 UNIT FOUR: Multiple-Choice Questions.................................................................................124 UNIT FOUR: Free-Response Question.....................................................................................129 UNIT FIVE: Agriculture: Primary Economic Activities............................................................130 UNIT FIVE: Multiple-Choice Questions...................................................................................155 UNIT FIVE: Free-Response Question.......................................................................................161 UNIT SIX: Industrialization and Economic Development........................................................162 UNIT SIX: Multiple-Choice Questions.....................................................................................187 UNIT SIX: Free-Response Question.........................................................................................192 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any UNIT SEVEN: Cities and Urban Land Use..............................................................................193 means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage UNIT SEVEN: Multiple-Choice Questions..............................................................................219 and retrieval system, without written permission from the author, except for the inclusion of brief UNIT SEVEN: Free-Response Question..................................................................................225 quotations in a review. SECTION TWO: Sample Examinations Copyright 2012 by Ethel Wood Sample Examination One...........................................................................................................227 ISBN 978-0-9831766-6-4 Sample Examination Two...........................................................................................................246 Cover Photo: Sacred Valley, Peru (photo by Claudia Coburn) PREFACE 5 A Note from the Author Why Human Geography? PREFACE: THE HUMAN GEOGRAPHY EXAMINATION I taught social studies classes for many years, mostly at Princeton High School in Princeton, New Jersey. Like most social studies teachers, my experience included classes in United States history No matter whether the Human Geography Exam is your first experience with AP tests or just one of and government. I have also published review books, textbooks, readers, and web materials that have several, it is important to know what you will face when the day of the examination comes. So let’s required me to do extensive research in various types of American studies. Needless to say, I believe start with an overview of the exam format. The AP Human Geography Examination is approximately that an education in these areas is incredibly important for high school students, and every secondary 2 hours and 15 minutes long, and it is divided into two basic parts: curriculum should include them. So why is human geography so important? • 75 multiple-choice questions (60 minutes allowed; 50% of the exam grade) The 21st century has taught us that we cannot ignore the world around us. Happenings around the • 3 free-response questions (75 minutes allowed; 50% of the exam grade) globe now directly impact our lives, and social studies teachers and students around the country face the challenge of interpreting a complex, interactive world. The AP human geography course focuses The multiple-choice questions cover all the topics listed on the following page in the same proportion on spatial organization – the location of places, people, and events, and the connections among places as indicated. The questions are challenging. Some points to keep in mind about the multiple-choice and landscapes that shape virtually all human endeavors on the planet. section are: It is my hope that this book will help students to grasp something of the complexities of our global • On the exam, the College Board no longer subtracts one-fourth of the number of questions answered environment, and gain some understanding of geographic commonalities and differences. In today’s incorrectly from the number of questions answered correctly. So if you have no idea how to answer world, we cannot afford not to know. a question, you might as well choose an answer since there is no penalty for guessing. Ethel Wood • Some questions are based on charts, photographs, and maps, so it is important to carefully consider Germantown, NY the visual information provided, including the title and the two axes of a chart or graph. Sometimes August 2012 these questions just require that you read the chart correctly, but sometimes you must also have some content knowledge in order to answer correctly. Other Books by Ethel Wood • Be prepared for EXCEPT, NOT, and LEAST questions, such as “All of the following are physical American Government: A Complete Coursebook (Great Source Books) site characteristics of a location EXCEPT:” These are sometimes called “reverse multiple-choice AP Comparative Government and Politics: An Essential Coursebook and Study Guide (5 editions) questions,” and they require you to identify the only incorrect answer. These questions take practice (WoodYard Publications) because you must reverse your thinking practices in order to answer them correctly. AP European History: An Essential Coursebook (WoodYard Publications) AP United States History: An Essential Coursebook (WoodYard Publications) This book has multiple-choice questions that follow each section of the review, as well as 75 multiple- AP World History: An Essential Coursebook (2 editions) (WoodYard Publications) choice questions in each of the two sample exams at the end. The questions are very similar to those The Immigrants: An Historical Reader (Nextext Books) that you will encounter on the College Board exam. Introduction to Sociology (Nextext Books) Multiple Choice and Free-Response Questions in Preparation for the AP United States Government In the free-response section, you must answer ALL three equally weighted questions, and you should and Politics Examination (6 editions) (D&S Marketing Systems) spend approximately 25 minutes on each one. The questions may concentrate on one topic, but often Multiple Choice and Free-Response Questions in Preparation for the AP World History Examination they require you to interrelate concepts from different areas. Some of the questions are based on (2 editions) (D&S Marketing Systems) stimulus materials – such as maps, charts, graphs, diagrams, or photographs. There are no formal time Teacher’s Guide - AP Comparative Government and Politics (College Board) divisions among the free-response questions. Instead, a total of 75 minutes is allotted to answer all of The Best Test Preparation for the Graduate Record Examination in Political Science (REA) them, so it is important to keep up with the time, and not spend so long on one question that you don’t The Presidency: An Historical Reader (Nextext Books) have time to complete the others. Be sure to answer all parts of each question. Your response will be graded according to a rubric that assigns a certain number of points to each section of the question. Generally, multiple-choice questions are distributed among these seven topic areas within the percentage range indicated: 6 PREFACE UNIT REVIEWS 5 I. Geography: Its Nature and Perspectives……………………………………………5-10% II. Population……………………………………………………................................13-17% III. Cultural Patterns and Processes………………………..............................………13-17% IV. Political Organization of Space………………………………...............................13-17% V. Agricultural and Rural Land Use…………………………..............................…..13-17%
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The New African Diaspora: Engaging the Question of Brain Drain-Brain Gain2
    Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective Volume 6 | Number 1 Article 4 June 2011 The ewN African Diaspora: Engaging the Question of Brain Drain-Brain Gain Akanmu Adebayo Kennesaw State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/jgi Part of the African Studies Commons This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Recommended Citation Adebayo, Akanmu (2011) "The eN w African Diaspora: Engaging the Question of Brain Drain-Brain Gain," Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective: Vol. 6 : No. 1 , Article 4. Available at: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/jgi/vol6/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Akanmu G. Adebayo I61 The New African Diaspora: Engaging the Question of Brain Drain-Brain Gain2 Akanmu G. Adebayo The literature on the New African Diaspora is growing. One of the latest is the volume co-edited by Isidore Okpewho and Nkiru Nzegwu,3 published by Indiana University Press in 2009. A common thread in the literature is the identification of the "brain drain" as a major consequence of the establishment of the ew African Diaspora. Another common postulation is that the "brain drain" can be turned into "brain gain" through the concerted efforts of African governments, international organizations, and members of the disapora themselves. This paper interrogates popular and intellectual assumptions about diaspora, brain drain, and brain gain.
    [Show full text]
  • Role of Diaspora in Promoting Pan-Africanism: a Case of Kenyans
    ROLE OF DIASPORA IN PROMOTING PAN-AFRICANISM: A CASE OF KENYANS IN AUSTRALIA BY STEPHEN KINYUA KIMANI A Thesis Submitted to the School of Arts & Sciences in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Arts in International Relations UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – AFRICA SUMMER 2019 DECLARATION I, undersigned, declare that this is my original work and has not been submitted to any other college, or university other than the United States International University- Africa for academic credit. Signed: _______________________________ Date: ____________________ Kinyua Stephen Student This thesis has been presented for examination with my approval as the appointed supervisor Signed: _________________________________ Date: ____________________ Muliro Wilfred Supervisor Signed: _________________________________ Date: _____________________ Professor Angelina Kioko Dean, School of Humanities and Social Sciences Signed: _________________________________ Date: _____________________ Ambassador Professor Ruthie Rono Deputy Vice Chancellor Academic Affairs ii COPYRIGHT This thesis is protected by copyright. Reproduction, reprinting or photocopying in physical or electronic form are prohibited without permission from the author. © Stephen Kinyua Kimani, 2019 iii ABSTRACT The research examines role of diaspora in promoting pan-Africanism while using Australia as a case. It also examines the different political, social and economic activities undertaken by Kenyan diaspora in Australia and to determine the extent to which
    [Show full text]
  • Youth Migration and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa: Empowering the Rural Youth by Charlotte Min-Harris
    T OPICAL R EVIEW D IG E ST : H UMAN R IGHTS IN S UB -S AHARAN AF R I C A Youth Migration and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa: Empowering the Rural Youth By Charlotte Min-Harris Introduction Sangaré, a poor young farmer from a village in southern Mali, leaves his wife and three children to find stable employment in the capital city of Bamako. What he finds is an unrewarding reality that leads him from small job to small job, only earning about US 22 cents per day. These jobs range from selling sunglasses, to shining shoes, to driving a rickshaw. Unfortunately, his income has not proved enough to provide for his family, as his aunt has since adopted his daughter, and his children cannot attend school. The inability to find stable employment in Bamako has forced Sangaré to consider emigrating abroad, leaving his family behind. He blames the decline in his village as the reason for his migration to Bamako. “The fields don’t produce any more. The fruits rot because we don’t have the means to turn them into other products (for example, juice), or to take them into town. After the rainy season, we have nothing to do but rub shoulders with poverty every day” (IRIN 2007). To Sangaré, keeping his children fed is more important than providing for their education. Stories such as Sangaré’s are becoming proliferated as more rural young men and women in sub- Saharan Africa (SSA) migrate to cities to escape poverty. These vulnerable youth are unprepared for the risks that await them in ill-equipped cities; many turn to violent acts of theft, robbery, and trafficking when basic needs cannot be met.
    [Show full text]
  • ATLAS of MIGRATION Facts and Figures About People on the Move
    ATLAS OF MIGRATION Facts and figures about people on the move ESCAPE, WORK, FUTURE IMPRINT The ATLAS OF MIGRATION is published by the Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung, Berlin, Germany Chief executive editors: Johanna Bussemer, Dorit Riethmüller Editors: Christian Jakob (coordination), Stefanie Kron, Wenke Christoph Managing editor: Dietmar Bartz Art Director: Ellen Stockmar English Editor: Paul Mundy Proofreader: Maria Lanman Fact checking: Infotext Berlin Contributors: Friedrich Burschel, Wenke Christoph, Johanna Elle, Sabine Hess, Christian Jakob, Bernd Kasparek, Stefanie Kron, Laura Lambert, Ramona Lenz, Carlos Lopes, Sowmya Maheswaran, Johanna Neuhauser, Mario Neumann, Jochen Oltmer, Maria Oshana, Massimo Perinelli, Maximilian Pichl, Matthias Schmidt-Sembdner, Helen Schwenken, Maurice Stierl, Christian Stock, and a team of authors. Cover image: Ellen Stockmar The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publishing organization. Editorial responsibility (V. i. S. d. P.): Alrun Kaune-Nüßlein, Rosa Luxemburg Foundation Second English edition, October 2019 Produced by Bonifatius GmbH Druck – Buch – Verlag, Paderborn Climate-neutral printing on 100 percent recycled paper. This material (except the cover picture) is licensed under Creative Commons “Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 Unported“ (CC BY-SA 4.0). For the licence agreement, see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode, and a summary (not a substitute) at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en. Individual graphics from this atlas may be reproduced if the attribution ”Bartz/Stockmar, CC BY 4.0“ is placed next to the graphic (in case of modification: ”Bartz/Stockmar (M), CC BY 4.0“). ATLAS DER MIGRATION Daten und Fakten über Menschen in Bewegung FOR FREE DELIVERIES AND DOWNLOADS: Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung, Franz-Mehring-Platz 1, 10243 Berlin, Germany www.rosalux.de/atlasofmigration FLUCHT, ARBEIT, The ATLAS OF MIGRATION is also published as ATLAS DER MIGRATION in German.
    [Show full text]
  • Population: a Critical Issue
    AP Human Geography Population Population: A Critical Issue A study of population is important in understanding a number of issues in human geography. So our first main issue is a study of population. The Key Issues your book mentions are: 1. Where is the world’s population distributed? 2. Where has the world’s population increased? 3. Why is population increasing at different rates in different countries? 4. Why might the world face an overpopulation problem? Study of Population The study of population • More people are alive at is critically important this time – in excess of 7 billion - than at any for three reasons: time in human history. • The world’s population increased at a faster rate during the second half of the twentieth century than ever before in history. • Virtually all global population growth is concentrated in less developed countries. Demography The scientific study of population characteristics is called demography. The issue of Overpopulation Overpopulation is not as much an issue of the population of the world but instead, the relationship between number of people on the earth and available resources. Locally, geographers find that overpopulation is currently a threat in some regions of the world but not in others. It depends on each regions balance between population and resources. Issue 1: Distribution of World Population The Main Points of this issue are: • Population concentrations The four largest population clusters Other population clusters • Sparsely populated regions Dry lands – Cold lands Wet lands – High lands • Population density Arithmetic density Physiological density Agricultural density World Population Cartogram Fig. 2-1: This cartogram displays countries by the size of their population rather than their land area.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Alternative Assumptions About Migration Differentials by Education on Projections of Human Capital
    WP 16.3 24 October 2013 UNITED NATIONS STATISTICAL COMMISSION STATISTICAL OFFICE OF THE and ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE EUROPEAN UNION (EUROSTAT) Joint Eurostat/UNECE Work Session on Demographic Projections organised in cooperation with Istat (29-31 October 2013, Rome, Italy) Item 16 – Population projections by age and sex and level of education The Impact of Alternative Assumptions about Migration Differentials by Education on Projections of Human Capital Nikola Sander, Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital Guy J. Abel, Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital Samir K.C., International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) The Impact of Alternative Assumptions about Migration Differentials by Education on Projections of Human Capital Nikola Sander, Guy J. Abel and Samir K.C. Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA, VID/OAW,¨ WU), Wohllebengasse 12-14, Vienna, 1040, Austria E-mail: [email protected] Paper to be presented at the Joint Eurostat/UNECE Work Session on Demographic Projections, Rome, October 2013 Draft version 30/09/2013, not for citation Abstract The global flow of people is a critical component of global human capital projections. Mostly due to the lack of adequate data, migration assumptions are commonly constrained to net-migration flows. Moreover, despite strong selection effects, migrants’ education is typically assumed to be proportional to the population in the country of origin. This pa- per presents a new set of population projections carried out using directional migration probabilities in a multi-regional cohort-component framework. We draw on a new set of global bilateral migration flows for 2005-10 developed at the Wittgenstein Centre and the OECD DIOC-E dataset to estimate education differentials in country-specific immigra- tion and emigration flows.
    [Show full text]
  • Org Ayuntamiento
    Desde hace ya cinco años, Madrid cuenta con un Festival Internacional de Documentales que atrae a un gran número de espectadores y es, a la vez, foro y lugar de encuentro para los profesionales del género. Un género, el cine de no ficción, que abarca una enorme variedad de propuestas, desde las puramente estéticas e innovadoras, hasta las que promueven enfoques de mayor calado, que evidencian las más variadas realidades sociales, culturales, artísticas o medioambientales. 6 En su edición de 2008, y como ya es habitual, Documenta tiene su principal foco de interés en su Sección Oficial. En ella, junto a las proyecciones de películas en sus dos formatos, corto y largometraje, en los que prima la originalidad, habrá un concurso de reportajes, que valorará especialmente el tratamiento y la presencia de la actualidad. Pero, además, el festival se nutrirá de sus siempre enriquecedoras secciones informativas. En ellas, destaca el homenaje a la figura de Michelangelo Antonioni, el enigmático cineasta, escritor y pintor italiano, célebre autor de la trilogía La aventura, La noche y El eclipse, que tanto dio que hablar a los cinéfilos españoles a comienzos de los sesenta, y sorprendente creador, más tarde, de Blow-up. Antonioni fue un gran innovador del cine y cultivó el género documental, a pesar de que su obra en este campo es prácticamente desconocida. Para tratar de rescatar del olvido esta valiosa faceta, se proyectarán algunos de sus trabajos. Muy vinculado a la mejor etapa de Antonioni, se ha programado también otro ciclo retrospectivo, Recuerdos del 68, con películas que evocarán los movimientos sociales y políticos del período, así como los sucesos de Mayo del 68 en París, coincidiendo con su 40 aniversario.
    [Show full text]
  • China's New Role in Africa and the South (2008)
    China’s New Role in Africa and the South A search for a new perspective Fahamu Books Dorothy-Grace Guerrero and Firoze Manji (eds) (2008) China’s New Role in Africa and the South: A Search for a New Perspective. Nairobi, Oxford and Bangkok: Fahamu and Focus on the Global South. ISBN: 978-1-906387-26-6 Hakima Abbas (ed) (2007) Africa’s Long Road to Rights: Reflections on the 20th Anniversary of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights / Long trajet de l’Afrique vers les droits: réflexions lors du 20ème anniversaire de la Commission Africaine des Droits de l’Homme et des Peuples. Nairobi and Oxford: Fahamu. ISBN: 978-1-906387-25-9 Patrick Burnett and Firoze Manji (eds) (2007) From the Slave Trade to ‘Free’ Trade: How Trade Undermines Democracy and Justice in Africa. Oxford: Fahamu. ISBN: 978-0-9545637-1-4 Issa Shivji (2007) Silences in NGO Discourse: The Role and Future of NGOs in Africa. Oxford: Fahamu. ISBN: 978-0-9545637-5-2 Firoze Manji and Stephen Marks (eds) (2007) African Perspectives on China in Africa. Nairobi and Oxford: Fahamu. ISBN: 978-0-9545637-3-8 Patrick Burnett, Shereen Karmali and Firoze Manji (eds) (2007) Grace, Tenacity and Eloquence: The Struggle for Women’s Rights in Africa. Nairobi and Oxford: Fahamu and Solidarity for African Women’s Rights coalition (SOAWR). ISBN: 978-0-9545637-2-1 Roselynn Musa, Faiza Jama Mohammed and Firoze Manji (eds) (2006) Breathing Life into the African Union Protocol on Women’s Rights in Africa. Oxford, Nairobi and Addis Ababa: Fahamu, SOAWR and the African Union Commission Directorate of Women, Gender and Development.
    [Show full text]
  • UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Imposing Capitalism: Japanese and American Colonialism in Taiwan, the Philippines, and Cuba, 1890s-1920s Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5225g2bs Author Guzman, Marco Antonio Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALFORNIA Los Angeles Imposing Capitalism: Japanese and American Colonialism in Taiwan, the Philippines, and Cuba, 1890s-1920s A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology by Marco Antonio Guzman 2015 © Copyright by Marco Antonio Guzman 2015 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Imposing Capitalism: Japanese and American Colonialism in Taiwan, the Philippines, and Cuba, 1890s-1920s. by Marco Antonio Guzman Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology University of California, Los Angeles, 2015 Professor César J. Ayala, Co-chair Professor Michael Mann, Co-chair This dissertation project focuses on the emergence of capitalism in sugar-producing colonies during the early 20th century and seeks to answer two specific questions: how did American and Japanese empires export capitalist modes of production to their respective colonies and how did these new modes of production transform local social class relations. Whereas Japan acquired Taiwan, Korea and Manchuria after defeating China in 1895, the United States acquired the Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico and Guam after the 1898 Spanish-American War. Despite the fact that Taiwan, the Philippines and Cuba became sugar-producing powerhouses, the social class relations that emerged during their early 20th century colonial experiences differed drastically. I argue that the specific interaction between colonial policies reorganizing property rights and existing class dynamics in the newly acquired colonies led to a complete reorganization of the ii colony’s socioeconomic structure.
    [Show full text]
  • Population Distribution
    Population distribution Ernesto F. L. Amaral January 30, 2020 Population and Society (SOCI 312) Outline • Introduction • World population distribution • Residential distribution and urbanization • Economic distribution • Distribution of the US population • Metropolitanization and micropolitanization • Megalopolis • Trends toward deconcentration • Consequences of population distribution 2 Introduction • In some countries, people are more likely to live in rural than urban areas • However, there is an urbanization movement throughout the world – “Without question, the dominant feature of spatial distribution in the United States and other developed countries is the concentration of population in densely settled urban areas” (Fossett 2005) • This chapter examines – How the inhabitants of the world are distributed – How most of us have become city dwellers rather than cave dwellers, as was the case thousands of years ago 3 World population distribution • About 1/3 of the earth’s land is permanently inhabited – Areas such as the Arctic, the Antarctic, vast deserts (e.g., the Sahara) have very few people – Areas with rugged mountains make it almost impossible for humans to survive • Most populated regions of the world – South Asia (mainly India) – East Asia (mainly China) • Oceania (primarily Australia) is the least 5 World 7,238 Estimated midyear Africa 1,136 Northern Africa 217 population by major Western Africa 339 Eastern Africa 378 areas and regions, Middle Africa 142 Southern Africa 61 2014 (in millions) Americas 972 Northern America 353 Central America 165 Caribbean 43 South America 410 Asia 4,351 Western Asia 255 Central Asia 67 South Asia 1,806 Southeast Asia 621 East Asia 1,601 Europe 741 Western Europe 190 Northern Europe 102 Eastern Europe 294 Southern Europe 154 Oceania 39 Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Geography
    HUMAN GEOGRAPHY By Brett Lucas POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Overview States Nationalism National Boundaries U.S. Political Geography States Defining States Problems of defining states Korea: one state or two? China and Taiwan: one state or two? Western Sahara Varying sizes of states Development of the State Concept Development of the state concept Ancient and medieval states Colonies United Nations Members The UN has increased from 51 Member-States in 1945 to 192 in 2007. There are also some Stateless Nations in the world. Antarctica: National Claims Antarctica is the only large landmass that is not part of a state, but several countries claim portions of it Stateless Nations Nations of people with no official State boundaries. A State is a territory on the ground, usually an official line on a map. A Nation is the people who live within the territory, which means not all nations have STATES. The Fertile Crescent The Fertile Crescent was the site of early city-states and a succession of ancient empires. Colonial Possessions, 1914 By the outbreak of World War I, European states held colonies throughout the world, especially throughout Africa and in much of Asia Colonial Possessions, 2003 Most of the remaining colonies are small islands in the Pacific or Caribbean Nationalism Nationalism Nations, states, and nation-states Centripetal and centrifugal forces State boundaries and shapes Nationalism Nationalism From culture… Languages and dialects Cause or symbol of cultural difference Diffusion by migration or conquest Religious beliefs
    [Show full text]
  • Component 1, Part 1 Japanese Cultural Landscapes: General Characteristics Geographers Cotton Mather and P.P
    Component 1, Part 1 Japanese Cultural Landscapes: General Characteristics Geographers Cotton Mather and P.P. Karan have spent many years studying and analyzing the Japanese cultural landscape and have synthesized their observations into a number of general and specific characteristics that accurately portray it.1 The eight general characteristics they identify are broad generalizations about Japan's landscape. This part provides examples of these characteristics using photos taken during a study tour of Japan in 2006 and other images from a variety of sources, including Google Earth and relevant books. Mather, Karan, and Iijima (1998) explained that the existence of these characteristics on the Japanese landscape can be attributed to several factors, including responses to Japan's limited land base, attempts to organize and maximize the utility of land, and considerations for aesthetics. The eight general characteristics of the Japanese cultural landscape are: 1. The paucity of idle land 2. The scarcity of level land 3. Compactness 4. Meticulous organization 5. Immaculateness 6. Interdigitation 7. Tiered occupancy 8. Extensive use of underground space General characteristics of the Japanese cultural landscape: 1. The paucity of idle land A fundamental feature of Japan's geography is that it has a large number of people on a small amount of land. Japan ranks fourth among countries in terms of population density. Only Bangladesh, South Korea, and the Netherlands rank higher. As may be seen throughout this module, this high population density effects every aspect of Japanese daily life and has a profound influence on the appearance of landscapes. As a result, Japanese land does not go unused.
    [Show full text]