The JESSOP Consultancy Sheffield + Lichfield + Oxford

MIDDLE FARM Wheston,

Heritage Statement

October 2020 Final

Document No: TJC2020.138 Planning No: TBC OASIS No: thejesso1-406543

The JESSOP Consultancy Sheffield + Lichfield + Oxford

Northern Office Cedar House 38 Trap Lane Sheffield South Yorkshire S11 7RD

Tel: 0114 287 0323

Midlands Office The Garden Room Coleshill House (No.3) 75 Coleshill Street, Sutton Coldfield Birmingham B72 1SH

Tel: 01543 479 226

Southern Office The Old Tannery Hensington Road Woodstock Oxfordshire OX20 1JL

Tel: 01865 364 543

Disclaimer This document has been prepared with the best data made available at the time of survey and research. It is, therefore, not possible to guarantee the accuracy of secondary data provided by another party, or source. The report has been prepared in good faith and in accordance with accepted guidance issued by the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists. Digital versions of this document may contain images that have been down-sampled and are reduced in quality. Copyright The copyright of this document is assigned to the Client, however the JESSOP Consultancy must be acknowledged as the author of the document. The JESSOP Consultancy (TJC Heritage Limited) The JESSOP Consultancy is the trading name of TJC Heritage Limited, a Registered Company - No.9505554.

MIDDLE FARM, Wheston, Derbyshire Heritage Statement - Report 2020.138

SUMMARY OF PROJECT DETAILS

TJC Project Code: D56 OASIS ID: thejesso1-406543 Project Type(s): Heritage Statement

National Grid Reference: SK 13346 76307 (centred) Postcode: SK17 8LJ (nearest) County: Derbyshire District/Unitary Authority: National Park: Parish: Wheston Elevation: c. 345m above Ordnance Datum

Planning Reference(s): TBC

Designation Status(s): Non-designated (give HER reference of assets at the site if relevant). Designation (NHLE no.) Situated within the Peak District National Park / Conservation Area

Site survey by: James Thomson MCIFA Prepared by: James Thomson MCIFA

Reviewed by Oliver Jessop MCIFA

Date: 21.10.2020

Version: Final (v1)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors would like to acknowledge Chris Bateman and Simon Gedye for commissioning this report, providing information on the site, and for coordinating access.

The staff of Derbyshire Historic Environment Record and Peak District National Park Authority are thanked for providing background information to the site.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 4

2 METHODOLOGY ...... 6

3 SITE DESCRIPTION ...... 7

4 UNDERSTANDING THE SITE – ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY ...... 9

5 UNDERSTANDING THE SITE – SITE APPRAISAL ...... 14

6 UNDERSTANDING THE SITE – SIGNIFICANCE ...... 17

7 IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...... 20

8 DISCUSSION ...... 25

9 METHODOLOGY ...... 27

10 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES ...... 30

Appendix 1: Historic mapping and illustrations

Appendix 2: Photography

Appendix 3: Gazetteer of Heritage Assets

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This report presents the results of a heritage statement for Middleton Farm, Wheston, Derbyshire centred on National Grid Reference SK 13346 76307. It has been prepared to assess the potential impacts, if any, arising from the proposed conversion of a farm to business use, caravan pitches, holiday lets and stables.

The site is situated towards the centre of the village of Wheston comprising a late 20th to 21st Century agricultural complex attached to a probable 18th Century farmhouse with 19th Century extensions. The surrounding landscape is of high historic interest with extensive remains of Romano- British and medieval agricultural practices, the latter associated with the origins of the present settlement of Wheston.

The buildings at the site are largely considered to be no heritage significance and to make a negative contribution to the historic environment. The exceptions are a late 19th Century outbuilding which has been much altered and is considered to be at the lowest end of local significance, and the farmhouse (not included in the scheme) which is considered to be of regional significance.

The archaeological potential of the site derives from its location at the historic core of Wheston and the presence of earthwork remains to the north of the site. Any archaeological remains will have been impacted by previous development at the site, and whilst there is a low potential for medieval remains to survive beneath the site the proposal in intended to be contained within the zone of existing impact such that no further archaeological mitigation is recommended.

It is considered that the changes at the site will see several enhancements to the historic character and appearance of the area through increasing the amount and quality of open space at the site, in replacing the lost internal boundary wall and in removing those buildings of greatest scale and mass. These changes will all enhance the contribution of the site to the conservation area and setting of nearby listed buildings and is therefore in accordance with statutory legislation and local planning policies.

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1 INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND

This report presents the results of a heritage statement for Middleton Farm, Wheston, Derbyshire centred on National Grid Reference SK 13346 76307 (Figure 1). It has been prepared to assess the potential impacts, if any, arising from the proposed conversion of a farm to business use, caravan pitches, holiday lets and stables.

AIMS

In accordance with the requirements of local planning policy DMC5 and National Planning Policy Framework para. 189 (MHCL 2018), this document describes the archaeological and historical context of the site, analyses its heritage significance and its contribution to the significance of other heritage assets and provides an assessment of the impact of the proposed development. This has been undertaken in line with guidance published by the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (2017), Historic (2019) and the Peak District National Park Authority (2017a & 2019).

SCOPE

The scope of this report included desk-based research; a site inspection and walk-over survey; and a building appraisal.

The desk-based research and assessment of setting considered archaeological records and designated heritage assets within a 1km study area of the site. This was to provide sufficient background information to place the site within its context and to identify heritage assets that may possess settings which could be affected by proposed scheme of works at the site.

The Derbyshire Historic Environment Record was consulted for records held on the site and a study area (ref: CDR11389).

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Figure 1: Site location plan

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2 METHODOLOGY

DESK-BASED RESEARCH

A review of the previous archaeological archives and documentary sources has been undertaken to identify gaps in knowledge, and to ensure that the historic character of the site and study area is understood. The sources consulted are listed in Section 10 of this report, and include:

§ The Derbyshire Historic Environment Record (HER); and § Online sources and relevant publications held by The JESSOP Consultancy.

SITE APPRAISAL

The site was inspected in October 2020 by James Thomson MCIfA in order to appraise the setting of heritage assets within the study area, identify the presence, extent and character of known and possible archaeological remains, and to consider factors in the former use and management of the site that may have affected the survival of buried archaeological remains. The scope is based on a Level 1 (visual record) landscape record (HE, 2007a).

The exterior of the buildings at the site was inspected to assess its development and use over time and to make an assessment of its significance. All areas were inspected. The scope is based on a Level 1 (basic visual record) historic building record (HE, 2016).

ASSESSMENT

This report provides a discussion of the results of the preceding stages of desk-based research and survey; an assessment of the significance (including a description of their setting) of heritage assets identified at the site and those within the wider area identified to be sensitive to change at the site; an assessment of impact; and recommendations. Details of the methodology and terminology adopted for assessment significance (and setting), sensitivity and impacts is provided in the Section 9, with consulted guidance listed in Section 10.

The assessment is undertaken in reference to relevant legislation and planning policy, as set out in Section 7.

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3 SITE DESCRIPTION

LOCATION AND SITE DESCRIPTION

The site is situated towards the centre of the village of Wheston comprising a north-west to south- east aligned roadside settlement approximately 1.5km west of and 8km north-east of .

The topography of the site slopes steeply towards the north from c.340 to 350m above Ordnance Datum, with that of the wider villageformed within a topographic depression lying between hills forming the valleys of Brook Bottom to the north and Peter Dale to the south which hold tributaries of River Wye.

The site (Figure 2) comprises of a historic cottage, aligned perpendicular to the main road (the “House”), a parallel outbuilding to its east (the “outbuilding”) and a large mass of late 20th Century agricultural sheds to its west (Buildings 1-9). The land between Buildings 1-9 is surfaced with hard standing.

Immediately to the south of Buildings 1-9 the hillside been terraced, presumably for a former silage clamp, with areas of pasture towards the east and south-east boundaries of the site.

GEOLOGY

The bedrock geology at the site is limestone of the Bee Low Limestone formation (BGS, 2020). This is reflected in the principal building materials recorded for the area which comprise a dark grey limestone believed to be locally sourced (NERC, 2017). Other stones have also been brought in with carboniferous limestone and Namurian sandstone recorded in the construction of Wheston Hall (ibid.). Whilst the British Geological Survey do not record superficial geology at Cranfield University record the site to lie within an area of freely draining slightly acid but base-rich soils, best suited to spring and autumn sown crops and grassland (Cranfield University, 2020).

DESIGNATION

The site lies within Wheston Conservation Area which encompasses a number of other designated heritage assets, including a Grade II* Listed and Scheduled standing cross (NHLE 1009050 & 1215269), and the Grade II Listed Bottom Farm (NHLE: 1215911); Wheston Hall and gates and walls (NHLE: 1288177); Upper Farmhouse (NHLE: 1215920); Lyme Tree Farmhouse and attached outbuildings (NHLE: 1215271); and Vicarage Farmhouse and attached outbuildings (NHLE: 1287863 & 1288178). There are no designated assets within the site.

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Figure 2: Site layout

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4 UNDERSTANDING THE SITE – ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY

INTRODUCTION

The following baseline has been prepared in reference to sources outlined in Section 2 and a figure showing the sites of heritage assets, referred to within the text by HA numbers, is reproduced as Figure 3. A full gazetteer of sites is included in Appendix 3.

BRIEF HISTORY OF WHESTON

Prehistory to Romano-British

Whilst evidence of prehistoric occupation within the limestone plateau region of the Peak District survives to a much lower degree than on the East Moors, it is considered that the lower shelves and basins of the plateau, including the area around Wheston, would have formed optimal settlement sites during the prehistoric period (Barnett, 1999: 22). The general scarcity of evidence for settlements sites is, rather than evidence of absence, believed to be a result of sites having been destroyed or hidden by intensive subsequent land use. Indicative evidence that the area south of Wheston may well have been settled is provided in the presence of several possible barrow sites (HA2-5) and stray finds of Neolithic to Bronze Age date (HA1, & 6-7).

Much clearer evidence survives for settlement during the Romano-British period, including a possible settlement site at Cheryslade (HA9), an occupied rock shelter (HA10) and landscape evidence of a series of field systems (HA11-17).

Early Medieval to Post-Medieval

The settlement of Wheston is first recorded in 1225 as Weston. The origin of the placename is believed to derive from the Old English hwet-stān, meaning whetstone, and to date between the 5th and 12th Centuries (Mills, 2011; English Place-name Society). Such topographic placenames may derive from names for landmarks or resources which were later adopted by a settlement, which in this case was most a local source of gritstone suitable for forming whetstones. Wheston is not recorded in the Domesday Book, however it may have been grouped for administrative purposes within the records of land at Hope held by King William which included the Berwick of Tideswell (Powell-Smith, n.d.). It has also been suggested that Muchedeswelle, recorded in the Domesday book of 1086 but not attributed to an existing settlement, may have been situated in Wheston Parish (Barnatt, 1992: 3).

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Whilst no built remains of the medieval, or perhaps early-medieval, settlement of Wheston survive, earthworks within the village provide evidence for abandoned building platforms and boundaries which are indicative of earlier phases of settlement to the immediate north of the site (HA18). Evidence for ditch and bank to the north of the village is also believed to delineate the medieval township boundary (HA21), whilst the narrow, curvilinear form of fields to the south of the village most likely derive from the enclosure of a previous open-field agricultural system which were extensively used in the Peak District for pasture and arable in the 12th to 14th Centuries (Barnatt, 1992: 3). The splayed fields at the western end of the village, which are clearly apparent on later mapping (Appendix 1.2), are also suggestive of drove roads for moving livestock.

The earliest surviving structure in the village is the 14th or 15th Century wayside cross situated west of Wheston Hall. This cross is believed to have been relocated from elsewhere in the village during the 17th Century (20). A cross base for a second wayside cross lies to the east of the village (HA19). Such crosses served to reinforce and reiterate the Christian faith amongst those who passed and fulfilled a role as waymarkers in difficult and otherwise unmarked terrain.

Wheston Hall (HA24-25), which is the ancient seat of the manor, was previously held by the Browne family in the 14th Century, and later passing to the Alleyne family in the 15th Century who were likely responsible for the construction of the earliest phase of the present hall in the 16th Century (Peak District Online). The wealth of the manor likely lay in local lead mining, including Edge Rake Mine to the north of the village which was worked from the early 16th Century (HA31).

The hall passed to the Freeman family who in 1727 extended it, providing its present Georgian façade, and are attributed with landscaping the grounds. By the early 19th Century, the manor had been acquired by the Duke of Devonshire and the hall occupied by the local vicar as part of glebe lands.

A few farms survive from the 17th and 18th Centuries in the village, including Vicarage Farm (HA26), Bottom Farm (HA27), Lyme Tre Farm (HA28) and Upper Farm (HA29). Many more buildings survive from the 19th Century (HA33-40) indicative of the growth of farming and, most likely, the rebuilding of a number of farms in line with technological advancements during the period. This is reflected in the evidence for the enclosure of the surrounding farmland to enable improvement, and the numerous records for lime kilns which produced quicklime for the fields (HA43-45).

Trade directories record the population of Wheston as 62 in 1851, which had reduced considerably to 37 by 1891, and to 34 by 1901. Conversely, they number of farmers listed increases over the same period from 7 in 1855 to 14 in 1912. The only other business recorded in the village was the

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High Peak Tavern, although the census data also records a cordwainer, veterinary surgeon, and a lead miner.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE SITE

Burdett’s map of Derbyshire, surveyed 1761-1767 (Appendix 1.1), shows Wheston as a small roadside settlements of seven properties situated at the corner of a right-angled arrangement of roads west of Tideswell. Whilst it is not possible to determine whether the site was developed at this time, it does suggest there was a property at the angle of Wheston Bank Road (from Tideswell) and Ashbourn Lane (from west of the site to Monksdale Lane). Of note, a survey of land held by Upper Farm in 1993 noted lynchets of undetermined origin within the north-east corner of the site, indicating they could be representative of a former house platform, former boundaries or natural (Barnatt, 1993).

The earliest detailed map identified for the site is the 1819 Weston tithe map (Appendix 1.2) shows the site as divided into three enclosures, with a small rectangular building orientated end-on to Weston Bank within the footprint of the present House and a similar sized building within the south- east corner of the site. The apportionment, which dates to 1842, records that ownership of the three parcels was split, with the western side of the site (Plot 1021) owned by Rev. Daniel Creswell and tenanted by Anthony Wright; the central plot (Plot 1022) owned by Rev Cotes, Vicar of Sheldon Chapel, and tenanted by Samuel Robinson; and the east plot (Plot 1023) owned by John Bradwell and tenanted by Simon Middleton. Plot 1021 is named “wheat yard” and listed as under pasture; Plot 1022 was named as a “House, Garden and Croft” and Plot 1023 is named “Croft” and under pasture. Samuel Robinson’s 29 acres of land was detached from the house, grouped to the north of the junction between Monksdale Lane and Summer Cross.

The southern end of Plot 1023 is partitioned off and marked 1023a, listed as owned by John Bruno Bowden, tenanted by William Wright, and named “Tithe Barn Scite (sic) of”. William Wright occupied Vicarage Farm.

The Robinson family do not appear in the census of 1841 or 1851, and the property is not listed as Middle Farm in any census return up to 1911, nor in trade directories for the same period. Consequently, it has not been possible to readily trace the ownership and use of the farm during the 19th and early 20th Century.

Ordnance Survey mapping shows the site remained largely unchanged by 1880 (Appendix 1.3), except for the house which had been extended northwards, in line with a new street edge, with a

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further extension to the south. The “Tithe Barn” to the south of the site shown in 1816 had been demolished by 1880, with some earthworks now marked in its vicinity. By 1898 a free-standing outbuilding had been erected to the east of the house (Appendix 1.4). No changes are then shown on the OS editions of 1922 and 1955, with the first expansion of the farm west of the house appearing on the 1972 edition (Appendix 1.5).

The first mention by name was an advert for the sale of Middle Farm, Wheston as a “Valuable Freehold Farm” in July 1930 (Derbyshire Times and Chesterfield Herald, 5 July 1930). The property evidently failed to sell for £500 when put to auction in the Bull’s Head Hotel, Tideswell, and was advertised instead for by private treaty for £635 the following month (ibid. 26 July & 30 August 1930).

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Figure 3: Plan showing the location of heritage assets (based on data from Derbyshire Historic Environment Record; a full gazetteer of entries is included in Appendix 3)

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5 UNDERSTANDING THE SITE – SITE APPRAISAL

INTRODUCTION

The following section presents the results of the appraisal of the landscape and buildings at the site.

LANDSCAPE CHARACTER

Wheston comprises a linear roadside settlement of medieval origins. Legibility of its earliest origins survives in the form of enclosures in the surrounding lands where the narrow curvilinear field boundaries, many retaining a distinctive reverse-S shape illustrative of oxen drawn ploughing, preserve the extent and form of a former open-field agricultural system. The village itself retains little medieval fabric with the exception of the wayside cross west of Wheston Hall and perhaps the alignment of West Bank Road.

The present character of the settlement is predominantly one of a post-medieval agricultural settlement, comprising a dispersed pattern of piecemeal developed farmsteads of 17th to 19th Century origin. Within this context there has been both conversion of farms to domestic use and the expansion of historic farms with modern agricultural buildings including at Middle Farm, Wheston Hall Farm and Bottom Farm. These modern changes have eroded the post-medieval character through introducing modern buildings of large mass and increased domestic ephemera in the setting of previously agricultural structures.

In approaching Wheston from the east, the route climbs out from Tideswell onto a plateau where there are extensive long-distance views overlooking the River Wye valley to the south and south- west. The visible landscape is one of rolling fields with isolated stands of trees and small areas of woodland, with glimpses of moorland in the distance. Entering the village the road appears to descend into a small basin, with a notable increase in mature trees closing off views which become increasingly channelled between the building and garden boundaries of properties to either side. The age, appearance and irregular wide grain planform of the development provides a strong sense of historic character. The sinuous route of West Bank Road appears to weave its way through the village, with views ahead changing as each corner is revealed. On the final descent into the centre of the village the views open back up ahead as you arrive at Wheston Hall with the open fields to its north across which field barns and Bottom Farm can be seen with fields stretching beyond.

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SITE APPRAISAL

Contribution to Landscape Character

The site lies towards the centre of the village, and immediately west of Wheston Hall. From the east the main House forms a prominent positive feature within the final approach towards the centre of the settlement (Appendices 2.1 & 2.3), aligned perpendicular to the road. Beyond it a linear range (Buildings 1-4) form a solid unbroken boundary to the road, which is a prominent feature within the streetscape in this part of the village and screens the rest of the farmstead from view (Appendices 2.2 & 2.6).

The centre of the site is taken up by a series of large modern agricultural sheds (Buildings 5-9), the large part of form an agglomerated mass. These are partly screened by the House and Buildings 1- 4, but are glimpsed in oblique views from Weston Bank Road and readily apparent from the drive into the farmyard and from the lane which runs to the south of the site (Appendices 2.3-2.5). The southernmost building of this group has been recently demolished, and its associated area of adjacent hard-standing removed and regarded with topsoil and sown with grass (Appendix 2.12).

To the south of the farmstead the adjoining field has been substantially altered to provide two large terraced silage clamp which have had a substantially negative effect on the former pastural character of the site.

The development of the site that has occurred during the later 20th Century has spread across a former open field, encroaching on the gardens and character of the Grade II Listed Wheston Hall and substantially changing the character of views south from the Grade II Listed Upper Farm. These changes have largely had a negative effect on the setting of these assets and the character and appearance of the conservation area. A truncated fragment of stone walling defining a former linear plot survives within the southern end of the site and is of historical interest in respect to the former division of the site and fossilisation of medieval farm strips.

Buildings Appraisal

The House (Appendix 2.1 & 2.3) is arranged end on to the road and forms a prominent visual feature of historic character. The linear form of the farm, whilst of late 19th Century origin, was in the mould of an earlier agricultural building type which is common to the Peak District. The building is of local heritage interest and forms a positive structure within the conservation area.

The Outbuilding (Appendix 2.1), to the west of the house forms a small rectangular structure of limestone rubble construction with a corrugated mono-pitched roof. An inserted uPVC window

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and door in the east elevation of the building are prominent and negative features of the building. The building is of local heritage interest and has the potential to form a positive structure within the conservation area if later insertions are replaced with more sensitive furnishings.

Buildings 1-4 (Appendices 2.2 & 2.9) form a continuous range along the edge of Weston Bank Road, increasing in height as the land falls away towards the west. The buildings are multi-phased but are of a consistent style with low rubble-built walls, with Yorkshire boarding above and corrugated sheet roofs. These buildings form a focal point to views on into the centre of the village. They are of modern character, although softened to a degree by the traditional character of the lower walling onto Weston Bank Road. The buildings are of no heritage interest.

Buildings 5-8 lie towards the north-west corner of the site and comprise a series of modern steel framed sheds with corrugated cladding. They are situated within the lowest part of the site and are only visible in glimpsed views from Weston Bank Road when approaching from the west. The buildings are of no heritage interest.

Building 9 forms a large agglomerated mass of buildings of concrete and steel frame construction with corrugated cladding. The mass and height of these buildings dominates the site, although there are limited views from which they can be experienced within the village. The buildings are of no heritage interest.

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6 UNDERSTANDING THE SITE – SIGNIFICANCE

INTRODUCTION

The following heritage assets have been identified as potentially sensitive to development with the site:

§ Archaeological remains § Historic Landscape Character (including contribution to Wheston Conservation Area and setting of the Grade II Listed Wheston Hall and Upper Farm) § Outbuilding

The site shares no known direct historical association with the Grade II Listed Wheston Hall or Upper Farm. Although the western part of the site was latterly glebe lands (i.e. belonging to or profiting the parish church) along with the hall, this is not legible on the ground. As such it is considered that the contribution made by the site to these assets is undistinguishable from its contribution to the character and appearance of Wheston Conservation Area, and are therefore discussed here as a group under Historic Landscape Character.

The following statement of significance follows the methodology and terminology set out in Section 9.

ARCHAEOLOGY

This assessment has not identified any known archaeological resources within the site, although review of records for the wider area has identified that the site lies within the historic core of Wheston which is documented to have medieval origins and earthwork remains for earlier dwelling sites have been identified within nearby fields. The land at the site was not subject to the same detailed survey as Wheston Hall Farm and Upper Farm, and as a consequence it is unknown whether any similar earthworks were present at the site prior to the development of the current buildings in the late 20th to 21st Century. Given the proximity of the site to these remains, and in consideration of the likely impact from development of the present farm buildings, it is considered that the potential for intact archaeological remains of the medieval settlement to survive below the site is low. Any such remains could potentially be of regional significance in contributing to regional research objectives (Knight et al. 2012) 7E Investigate the morphology of rural settlements.

The proposed groundworks at the site are to include the breaking out of existing hardstanding to enable levels to be made back up, and the removing of existing bunds. As a result no extensive new

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excavations are proposed such that the works are likely to be situated solely within the area of existing disturbance. In consideration of this, it is deemed that whilst there is a low potential for archaeology of regional signifance to survive beneath the site, the likelihood of it receiving impacts as a result of the proposed scheme is nil.

HISTORIC LANDSCAPE CHARACTER

The site represents a modern agricultural complex within the historic core of the village of Wheston. Whilst the farmhouse comprises a historic structure that makes a positive contribution to the character and appearance of the settlement, the other structures of the site are of no heritage interest and their formation has eroded the legibility of the scale, character and grain of historic development in the village. The attached land to the south of the farmstead has been adversely affected by substantial earthmoving to accommodate large silage clamps and terracing for buildings and hard standing. This has in part been reduced recently with the restoration of pasture over the site of the southernmost building of the group.

Legibility of previous land use is restricted to discrete areas of surviving pasture, boundaries to the west and south of the site and the fragmentary survival of an internal boundary. These features all make a positive contribution to the character and appearance of the area.

The landscape is considered to be or national significance both in its own right, and as part of the Peak District National Park. The key components of the historic landscape character at the site comprise:

§ Farmsteads and enclosures of early-post medieval character overlying an earlier medieval landscape of strip fields. § Traditional medium density small scale farms of linear and L-plans incorporating combination barns and cattle housing. § Detached field barns. § Distinct evidence of formal gardens around Wheston Hall. § Distinct evidence of mining north of the village.

In possessing poor legibility of historic character and previous landscape forms, the site contributes negatively to the historical interest of the surrounding landscape, and the contribution that landscape as a whole makes to the special character of the National Park and the settings of Wheston Conservation Area and those designated heritage assets (principally Wheston Hall and Upper Farm) contained within it, all of which are heritage assets of national significance.

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OUTBUILDING

The Outbuilding is a detached single storey stone-built structure with mono-pitched corrugated sheet roof that dates to the period between 1880 and 1898. The building has a single door in its west elevation and an inserted door and window in its west elevation. It is highly likely that the building would have once had a pitched roof.

The structure is of minor historic and archaeological interest as a traditionally built, if highly altered, structure associated with the operation of a small farmstead of probable late 18th Century date.

Overall, the building is considered to be a heritage asset of local significance, although at the bottom end of that scale. The building lacks the survival to be considered as making a positive contribution to the conservation area.

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7 IMPACT ASSESSMENT

PLANNING CONTEXT

Change arising to the historic environment from the planning process is managed through legislation, planning policy and practice guidance, and Historic England advice to ensure affected heritage assets are conserved in a manner appropriate to their significance.

Legislation

The principal legislation relevant to the protection of the historic environment at the site comprise:

Historic Buildings and Ancient Monuments Act 1953 makes the effect of proposals on registered parks, gardens, and battlefields a material consideration in planning decisions.

Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 which affords protection to Scheduled Monuments and Areas of Archaeological Interest.

Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 which provides planning controls for works affecting Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas.

LOCAL Planning POLICY

The statutory development plan for the Peak District National Park comprises the Core Strategy (adopted October 2011) and the Development Management Polices (adopted May 2019). Relevant policies comprise:

L3: Cultural Heritage Assets of Archaeological, Architectural, Artistic or Historic Significance which states that development must conserve and enhance heritage assets and their setting.

DMC5: Assessing the impact of development on designated and non-designated heritage assets and their settings which states that applications must describe the significance of affected heritage assets and the effect of the proposal, going on to state that proposals resulting in harm will not be permitted unless adequately justified.

DMC7: Listed Buildings which states that applications must describe the significance of affected heritage assets and the effect of the proposal, going on to state that proposals resulting in harm will not be permitted unless adequately justified and that where works are acceptable an appropriate record of the building will be required prior to works commencing. Forms of harm are noted to include inappropriate impact on the setting of the Listed Building.

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DMC10: Conversion of Buildings of Historic or Vernacular Merit which states that conversion of heritage asset will be permitted where it can be accommodated without affecting character or detract from significance and where changes will not be visually intrusive in respect to tranquillity, dark skies or other valued characteristics of the area

National Planning Policy

The Government’s planning polices for England are set out in the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF, 2019). In relation to designated heritage assets (such as listed buildings, scheduled monuments, and conservation areas) NPPF recommends great weight is to be given to their conservation (para. 194), that proposals causing substantial harm should be refused consent unless the harm can be adequately justified (para. 195), and that less than substantial harm is weighed against the public benefits of the proposal. For non-designated heritage assets, NPPF recommends that the effect of the proposal is considered in determining a proposal, giving a balanced judgement in regard to the scale of harm and the significance of the asset (para. 197).

PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT

The proposed development is for the alteration of Buildings 1-4 & 7 to accommodate a café and units for B1 business use; the renovation of the Outbuilding to form a holiday let; the retention of Building 5 for parking; the retention of Building 6 for storage; the demolition of the majority of Building 9 retaining two units for B1 business use; and the creation of a 15 pitch caravan/motorhome park.

Design details to altered buildings are to be like-for-like, with the addition of skylights to Buildings 1-4, & 9 and solar panels on the south facing pitch of Buildings 1-4.

Landscaping is also to include the return of the southern portion of the site to pasture, the larger silage clamp is to have its north and east bunds removed and the level area converted to a menage, a truncated internal boundary wall is to be reinstated, and lines of trees proposed to the west, south and east boundaries.

Potential Effects Arising from the Proposal

The principal attributes of the scheme which have the potential to affect heritage assets include:

1. Groundworks - Groundworks associated with the demolition of existing buildings and landscaping. 2. Works Affecting Historic Fabric – Works to the Outbuilding will involve limited loss and change to historic fabric.

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3. Mass – Reduction of development within the site, affecting views and experience. 4. Scale - A decrease in scale, and therefore prominence, of development at the site. 5. Appearance - Change in the appearance of development at the site in relation to evident land use, architectural design, and materials.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS

Groundworks – The proposal will result in groundworks deriving from the demolition of existing structures forming part of Building 9 and reprofiling of previously altered surfaces where it is considered there is no potential to impact any surviving archaeological remains.

HISTORIC LANDSCAPE CHARACTER

(including Wheston Conservation Area, and setting of Wheston Hall and Upper Farm)

Mass and Scale – The proposals seek to demolish a large part of Building 9, an agglomeration of large agricultural sheds all dating from the late 20th to early 21st Century. These buildings currently make a negative contribution to the character and appearance of the area in reducing the proportion of open space within the centre of the village and in being of a scale, mass and in materials that are not in keeping with the traditional vernacular that constitutes a key positive aspect of the Conservation Area. The removal of the largest modern sheds within the centre of the site will also open up views across the site to and from the first floor of the Grade II Listed Upper Farm, improving its connectivity with the surrounding agricultural landscape.

The buildings proposed for conversion are on the whole retained with their existing footprint and height, with the exception of the addition of a further bay on the eastern end of Building 1 to accommodate a tea room. This small addition to an already long linear range will not result in a perceptible increase to the mass of Buildings 1-4.

Overall it is considered that the reduction of the scale and mass of development at the site will have a positive effect on the character of the historic landscape, and the contribution it makes to the setting of the conservation area and nearby listed buildings

Appearance – In relation to the buildings, the proposed changes will not affect the character of the buildings as perceived from the street, with only minor changes to the internal facing elevations of Buildings 1-4, 7 & 9 such that they will retain a strong agricultural character, albeit punctuated with modern fenestration. Where skylights are proposed they will be fixed transparent cladding, identical to the sort present elsewhere on the site and will not detract from the character of views across it. The proposed solar panels on Buildings 1-4 will be on the south facing roof pitch, and therefore

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will not be visible from the majority of views within the Conservation Area or from neighbouring Listed Buildings. Where they will be visible is from the lane to the south of the site where views will are to be opened up across Buildings 1-4 to the Grade II Listed Upper Farm. Whilst solar panels do not represent a traditional aspect of the local vernacular, the buildings at the site are appreciably modern and within this context the panels will not appear out of place. In addition, any harm arising from the increased prominence of the roofs of Buildings 1-4 from the view to Upper Farm will be outweighed by the benefit gained from the demolition of parts of Building 9 which open up those views.

The Outbuilding is to be renovated. The existing poor-quality door and window in the west elevation is to be replaced with a French door and small windows inserted which are of a scale and design which will not detract from its traditional character. The building is to receive a pitched roof, which was most likely its original roof form, which given the age of the building could be covered in stone slates or blue slate.

In relation to the landscape, a large part of the southern half of the site is to be reinstated as pasture, with the larger silage clamp reduced to a terrace for a manage. This will increase the sense of openness at the site, including the amount of pasture evident in views across and through the site from the south and north-west, a key characteristic of the historic landscape character.

The historic boundary through the site is to be reinstated to the farmhouse as a dry-stone wall, restoring the legibility of the former field divisions which are a key part of the character of the area.

The introduction of a caravan park within the centre of the site, overlying the footprint of Building 9, will introduce a non-traditional land use type within the site. The number of plots proposed is relatively limited, and they are sited within an area which presently makes a negative contribution to the character of the area. In comparison to the present buildings on the site, the caravan park will be a less prominent and temporary feature and is therefore an enhancement on the existing arrangement.

Tree planting is proposed along the western, south and eastern boundaries of the site to provide some screening of remaining non-traditional buildings and the proposed caravan park at the centre of the site. This, in part, references the depiction of well-treed boundaries around the western part of the site shown on the 1816 parish survey (Appendix 1.2). This addition will reduce the benefit brought from the increase in openness from restoration of the southern part of the site as pasture, but is balanced against the benefit brought from improved screening, especially when considered alongside the historic cartographic evidence. The eastern boundary is not shown as treed on historic

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mapping, so the balance here may lie in a more limited clump of trees or an orchard immediately south of the farmhouse.

OUTBUILDING

Works Affecting Historic Fabric – The proposal will result in the limited loss of historic fabric of the Outbuilding. This building is not of an age or rarity that it could not support this change without loss of significance, particularly since it has already been substantially altered. It is considered that there will be a minor loss of archaeological interest, but this could be offset by a programme of recording which could also aid in informing the proposed reconstruction of the pitched roof.

Appearance – The proposal will enhance the appearance of the building through replacing its present mono-pitched roof which is unlikely to be original with a pitched roof, and the unsightly uPVC window and door in its east elevation with French doors which offers the opportunity for enhancement should they be of timber construction.

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8 DISCUSSION

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANCE

The site represents a late 20th to 21st Century agricultural complex attached to a probable 18th Century farmhouse with 19th Century extensions. The surrounding landscape is of high historic interest with extensive remains of Romano-British and medieval agricultural practices, the latter associated with the origins of the present settlement of Wheston.

The buildings at the site are largely considered to be no heritage significance and to make a negative contribution to the character and appearance of the Conservation Area and the setting of the nearby Grade II Listed Buildings of Wheston Hall and Upper Farm. The exceptions are a late 19th Century outbuilding which has been much altered and is considered to be at the lowest end of local significance, and the farmhouse (not included in the scheme) which is considered to be of regional significance.

The low archaeological potential of the site to contain medieval remains of regional significance derives from its location at the historic core of Wheston and the presence of earthwork remains to the north of the site. The scheme, however, does not propose any groundworks that will extend below the depth of existing disturbance associated with the previous development at the site.

SUMMARY OF IMPACT

The proposed development seeks to reduce the scale and mass of development at the site, reinstating large areas of pasture in the southern part of the site and restoring legibility of a lost boundary of probable medieval origin whilst enabling the conversion of exiting barns to business use and creating a 15-pitch caravan part.

CONCLUSION

It is considered that the changes at the site will see several enhancements to the historic character and appearance of the area through increasing the amount and quality of open space at the site, in replacing the lost internal boundary wall and in removing those buildings of greatest scale and mass. These changes will all enhance the contribution of the site to the conservation area and setting of nearby listed buildings and is therefore in accordance with statutory legislation for the protection of conservation areas and listed buildings, and local planning policies L3, DMC5, DMC7 and DMC10. In accordance with NPPF para. 197 the effect of the proposal should be considered in determining

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the proposed application, giving a balanced judgement regarding the overall national significance of the asset.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Whilst there is a low potential for archaeology of regional significance to survive beneath the site, the proposed development is unlikely to result in impacts extending outside the existing zone of disturbance associated with the development of the existing buildings at the site. As a result it is considered that the likelihood of any potential archaeological remains surviving beneath the site to receive impacts as a result of the proposed scheme is nil, and no further archaeological recording is recommended.

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9 METHODOLOGY

ASSESSING SIGNIFICANCE

The significance of heritage assets is their value to this and future generations because of the archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic interest embodied in their physical presence and way in which they are experienced, i.e. their setting (after definitions in National Planning Policy Framework). Planning Practice Guidance (PPG; MHCLG, 2018) defines these heritage interests as (compatible values of Historic England’s Conservation Principles (2008) shown in italics):

§ Archaeological interest (Evidential value): As defined in the Glossary to the National Planning Policy Framework, there will be archaeological interest in a heritage asset if it holds, or potentially holds, evidence of past human activity worthy of expert investigation at some point. § Architectural and Artistic interest (Aesthetic value): These are interests in the design and general aesthetics of a place. They can arise from conscious design or fortuitously from the way the heritage asset has evolved. More specifically, architectural interest is an interest in the art or science of the design, construction, craftsmanship and decoration of buildings and structures of all types. Artistic interest is an interest in other human creative skill, like sculpture. § Historic interest (Historic and Communal value): An interest in past lives and events (including pre-historic). Heritage assets can illustrate or be associated with them. Heritage assets with historic interest not only provide a material record of our nation’s history, but can also provide meaning for communities derived from their collective experience of a place and can symbolise wider values such as faith and cultural identity.

Note: NPPF terminology is adopted, rather than Conservation Principles’ four heritage values, to ensure compliance with current planning policy.

The assessment of heritage interest is undertaken in consultation with GPA 2 (Historic England, 2015); Part 4 of the British Standard 7913:2013 Guide to the Conversion of Historic Buildings; Chartered Institute for Archaeologist standards and guidance (2017); and the staged approach for understanding significance published in HEAN 12 (Historic England, 2019):

1. Understand the form, materials and history of the affected heritage asset(s), and/or the nature and extent of archaeological deposits; 2. Understand the significance of the asset(s); 3. Understand the impact of the proposal on that significance; 4. Avoid, minimise and mitigate negative impact, in a way that meets the objectives of the NPPF; 5. Look for opportunities to better reveal or enhance significance.

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In addition, the assessment of setting follows the staged approach published in GPA 3 (Historic England, 2015b; step 5 of which is not relevant at this stage):

1. Identify which heritage assets and their settings are affected; 2. Assess the degree to which these settings and views make a contribution to the significance of the heritage asset(s) or allow significance to be appreciated; 3. Assess the effects of the proposed development, whether beneficial or harmful, on the significance or on the ability to appreciate it; 4. Explore ways to maximise enhancement and avoid harm; 5. Make and document the decision and monitor outcomes

By understanding the heritage interest of an asset or place, it is possible to derive an assessment of overall significance through reference to published guidance and assessment criteria:

Heritage Significance Heritage assets of outstanding universal value which fulfil the criteria for inclusion International 1 on the UNESCO World Heritage List (section II.D of UNESCO, 2019). Heritage assets of exceptional interest, and of particular or national importance High that fulfil the criteria for listing at a high grade (i.e. as a Scheduled Monument, or 2 National Grade I or II* Listed Building / Registered Park and Garden) (DCMS 2013 & 2018 & https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/selection-criteria/). Heritage assets of special interest that fulfil the criteria for listing (i.e. as a Conservation Area, Grade II Listed Building / Registered Park and Garden, National 3 Registered Battlefield or Protected Wreck Site) (DCMS, 2018) & https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/selection-criteria/. Heritage assets of moderate interest that fulfil the criteria for local listing as set out by local authority guidance or Historic England’s advice note on Local Listing (2016b). Broadly defined, such assets possess architectural or historical interest Regional 4 that notably contributes to local distinctiveness or possesses archaeological interest that greatly contributes towards the objectives of a regional research agenda. Heritage asset of limited interest that fails to fulfil the criteria for local listing or Local / only slightly contribute to the objectives of a regional research agenda, typically 5 Negligible due to poor preservation, survival or restricted contextual associations.

Heritage assets or places recognised to be of sufficient significance to receive formal status under law or policy intended to sustain those values (such as a Listed Building, Scheduled Monument of Conservation Area) are commonly referred to as Designated Heritage Assets. Assets recognised to have heritage significance, but insufficient to meet the criteria for statutory designation, are referred to as Non-Designated Heritage Assets. It should be noted, however, that designation does not automatically bestow national or higher significance as in rare circumstances designation can be reversed where significance has been misjudged or denuded; and it is equally possible for non- designated assets to be demonstrably of national or higher significance, warranting designation.

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Assessment of Contribution

Elements of a heritage asset, including elements of their setting, may not contribute equally to its significance, reflecting the varying degree of heritage interest embodied in its fabric, where there is capacity for an asset to support change without loss of significance, and where there are opportunities for significance to be enhanced. Contribution to significance is expressed in line with the following scale:

Contribution to Significance Element is fundamental to the key heritage interest/s that define the significance High of the asset, and of potential national, or higher, heritage significance in its own H right. Element makes an important contribution to the significance of the asset, Medium comprising an aspect of regional significance that has been affected by no more M than moderate (under 50%) loss. Element makes a slight contribution to the significance of the asset, comprising an aspect of local significance, of fabric of potential higher value which has been Low L affected by substantial (over 50%) loss such that its contribution to significance is greatly reduced. Neutral Element does not contribute to the significance of the asset. N Element represents an unsympathetic change which detracts from the significance Negative Neg of the asset. Uncertain Sensitivity uncertain: more information required. ?

Assessment of Effect

An assessment of the effect of the proposed works considers the contribution made by the affected element to the significance of a heritage assets, and the nature of any effect (both negative and positive) to that contribution. The scale of effect adopted is set out in the following table:

Effect of Proposal Proposals will greatly reveal or enhance the contribution the effected element Very makes to the significance of the heritage asset, and/or substantially contribute ++ Positive towards the conservation of the asset. Proposals will better reveal or enhance the contribution the effected element Positive makes to the significance of the heritage asset and/or contribute towards the + conservation the asset. Proposals will preserve the contribution the effected element makes to the o Neutral significance of the heritage asset. Proposals will result in the partial loss of the positive contribution the effected Negative element makes to the significance of the heritage asset and/or will have a - detrimental effect on the conservation of the asset. Proposals will result in the total loss of the positive contribution the effected Very element makes to the significance of the heritage asset and/or will have a -- Negative significant detrimental effect on the conservation of the asset. Uncertain Effect uncertain: more information required. ?

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10 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES

GUIDANCE CONSULTED Chartered Institute for Archaeology 2017. Standards and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk- Based Assessment. Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA). 2019. Code of Conduct. CIFA: Reading Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport 2018. Principles of Selection for Listed Buildings. Department for Culture, Media and Sport 2013. Scheduled Monuments Historic England, 2008. Conservation Principles Polices and Guidance. Historic England, 2015a. Managing Significance in Decision-Taking in the Historic Environment. Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 2. Historic England, 2015b. The Setting of Heritage Assets: Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 3. Revised December 2017. Historic England. 2016a. Understanding Historic Buildings: a guide to good recording practice. Historic England, 2016b. Local Heritage Listing: Historic England Advice Note 7. Historic England. 2017. Understanding the Archaeology of Landscapes – a guide to good recording practice. English Heritage. Historic England 2019. Statements of Heritage Significance: Historic England Advice Note. Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government, 2018. National Planning Policy Framework. Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government, 2016. Planning Practice Guidance. Revised 2018. Peak District National Park Authority (PDNPA), 2017. Peak District National Park Farmsteads Assessment Framework.

SECONDARY SOURCES Barnatt, J. 1992. Wheston Hall Farm, Wheston, Derbyshire: Archaeological Survey. Unpublished survey held by Derbyshire HER. Barnatt, J. 1993. Upper Farm, Wheston, Derbyshire: Archaeological Survey. Unpublished survey held by Derbyshire HER. Barnett, J. 1999 Taming the land: Peak District Farming and Ritual in the Bronze Age, in Derbyshire Archaeological Journal v119 pp19-78 BGS (British Geological Survey) 2020. Geology of Britain Viewer [online]. Available: mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritainviewer/home/html. Cranfield University, 2020. Soilscapes [online]. Available: www.landis.org.uk/soilscapes. Peak District Online, n.d. Wheston [online] available: www.peakdistrictonline.co.uk/wheston/

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Powell-Smith, A. n.d. Tideswell [online] available: opendomesday.org/place/SK1575/tideswell/

PRIMARY SOURCES

Maps Tithe map for the parish of Wheston: 1816 (updated 1842). Available: www.thegenealogist.co.uk/ Ordnance Survey 1:2500 mapping: 1880, 1898, 1922 & 1972 Ordnance Survey 1:10560 mapping: 1955

Newspapers Derbyshire Times and Chesterfield Herald, 5 July 1930, 26 July 1930 & 30 August 1930

Trade Directories 1829: Glover’s Directory of Derbyshire 1855: Post Office Directory of Derbyshire & Nottinghamshire 1899: Kelly's Directory of Derbyshire 1912: Kelly's Directory of Derbyshire

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APPENDIX 1:

HISTORIC MAPPING AND ILLUSTRATIONS

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Appendix 1.1: 1762-67 Burdett’s map of Derbyshire

Appendix 1.2: 1816 Wheston parish map (© The Genealogist)

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Appendix 1.3: 1880 Ordnance Survey map

Appendix 1.4: 1898 Ordnance Survey map

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Appendix 1.5: 1972 Ordnance Survey map

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APPENDIX 2:

PHOTOGRAPHY

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Appendix 2.1: View of Middle Farmhouse, looking south-east

Appendix 2.2: View of north elevation of Buildings 1-4

Appendix 2.3: View of Middle Farm from West Bank, looking west

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Appendix 2.4: View looking towards Middle Farm from infront of Wheston Hall

Appendix 2.5: View of Middle Farm from the lane to the south

Appendix 2.6: View of Middle Farm from Lyme Tree Farm, looking west

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Appendix 2.7: View of the east elevation of the Outbuilding

Appendix 2.8: View of west elevation of the Outbuilding

Appendix 2.9: View of south elevation of Buildings 1-4

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Appendix 2.10: View of Building 9, looking north-east

Appendix 2.11: View of Upper Farm from across Middle Farm, looking north

Appendix 2.12: View of land to south of Middle Farm, looking west

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APPENDIX 3:

GAZETTEER OF HERITAGE ASSETS

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HA Period Name Type HER ref NGR Neolithic Axe, Wheston Hall 1 Neolithic Estate, Wheston FINDSPOT MDR1724 413200 376300 Possible barrow, Rocky Low, Bronze south-west of Middleton House 2 Age Farm, Wheston BARROW? MDR1730 412951 376345 Possible barrow, Lower Low, Bronze south-west of Middleton House 3 Age Farm, Wheston BARROW? MDR1727 412897 376267 Possible barrow, Needham Low, Bronze south-west of Wheston Hall, 4 Age Wheston BARROW? MDR1728 413003 376196 Bronze 5 Age ?Barrow, Green Low, Wormhill BARROW? MDR1725 412474 375888 Bronze Socketed spearhead, Peter Dale, 6 Age Wheston FINDSPOT MDR13229 412897 376121 Flint microlith, Peterdale, 7 Prehistoric Wormhill FINDSPOT MDR15122 412340 376150 Enclosure, south-east of Curlew 8 Prehistoric Lodge, Wheston ENCLOSURE MDR1757 412471 376275 Cherryslack Romano-British settlement and field system, Romano- north-west of Monksdale House, SETTLEMENT; FIELD 9 British Wheston SYSTEM MDR1751 413180 375606 Cherryslack Romano-British settlement and field system, Romano- north-west of Monksdale House, SETTLEMENT; FIELD 10 British Wheston SYSTEM MDR1751 413143 375500 Romano- Rock shelter, House Under Cliff, 11 British Wheston ROCK SHELTER MDR1750 412800 376800 Enclosures and settlement, ENCLOSURE; Romano- south-west of Wheston Hall, SETTLEMENT; FIELD 12 British Wheston SYSTEM MDR1748 412671 376452 Enclosures and settlement, ENCLOSURE; Romano- south-west of Wheston Hall, SETTLEMENT; FIELD 13 British Wheston SYSTEM MDR1748 412804 376289 Enclosures and settlement, ENCLOSURE; Romano- south-west of Wheston Hall, SETTLEMENT; FIELD 14 British Wheston SYSTEM MDR1748 412958 376086 Enclosures and settlement, ENCLOSURE; Romano- south-west of Wheston Hall, SETTLEMENT; FIELD 15 British Wheston SYSTEM MDR1748 413087 375979 Romano- Lynchets, Peter Dale, south-east RECTILINEAR 16 British of Curlew Lodge, Wheston ENCLOSURE; LYNCHET MDR1749 412650 375799 CLEARANCE CAIRN?; FIELD SYSTEM; Romano- Monksdale field system, west of RECTILINEAR 17 British Monksdale House, Wheston ENCLOSURE? MDR1752 413147 375229 Shrunken medieval village, north- SHRUNKEN VILLAGE; 18 Medieval east of Wheston Hall, Wheston LYNCHET MDR1754 413350 376421 Cross-base, west of Crossgate 19 Medieval Farm, Wheston CROSS MDR1714 413986 376054

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HA Period Name Type HER ref NGR Village cross (moved), Middleton 20 Medieval House Farm, Wheston CROSS MDR1711 413192 376440 Town bank, north of Bottom BOUNDARY; BANK 21 Medieval Farm, Wheston (EARTHWORK); DITCH MDR1755 413177 376703 Pye limekiln, Wheston Hall, 22 Medieval Wheston LIME KILN MDR15806 413428 376550 Lead tokens, Limestone Way, 23 Medieval Wheston FINDSPOT MDR13231 413403 376872 17th Wheston Hall, south-east of HOUSE; COUNTRY 24 Century Bottom Farm, Wheston HOUSE; FARMHOUSE MDR1758 413259 376371 17th 25 Century Wheston Hall, Wheston FARMSTEAD MDR18176 413238 376359 17th 26 Century Vicarage Farm, Wheston FARMSTEAD MDR18258 413517 376240 18th 27 Century Bottom Farm, Wheston FARMSTEAD MDR18174 413092 376550 18th 28 Century Lyme Tree Farm, Wheston FARMSTEAD MDR18259 413468 376273 18th 29 Century Upper Farm, Wheston FARMSTEAD MDR18179 413367 376347 Post- Field barn, Bottom Farm, 30 medieval Wheston FIELD BARN MDR8886 413105 376570 LEAD MINE; MINE SHAFT; CRUSHING Post- Edge Rake Mine, Water Lane, CIRCLE; BOILER 31 medieval Wheston HOUSE; COE MDR13953 413420 376502 19th Site of Outfarm northwest of 32 Century Bottom Farm, Wheston OUTFARM MDR18172 412893 376674 19th 33 Century Chimneys, Wheston OUTFARM MDR18175 413098 376506 19th Middleton House Farm, 34 Century Wheston OUTFARM MDR18178 413228 376450 19th Middleton House Farm, 35 Century Wheston FARMSTEAD MDR18177 413201 376411 19th Site of Outfarm east of Dale 36 Century Head, Wheston OUTFARM MDR18123 412649 376373 19th 37 Century Middle Farm, Wheston FARMSTEAD MDR18180 413369 376293 19th 38 Century Grange Farm, Wheston FARMSTEAD MDR18181 413452 376224 19th 39 Century The Top Farm, Wheston FARMSTEAD MDR18257 413613 376200 19th 40 Century Crossgate Farm, Tideswell FARMSTEAD MDR18302 414130 375999 19th 41 Century Site of Cherryslack, Wheston FARMSTEAD MDR18182 412937 375547 19th Site of Sheepfold west of 42 Century Wheston, Wheston SHEEP FOLD MDR18173 412898 376392 19th Site of Old Limekiln northeast of 43 Century The Top Farm, Wheston LIME KILN MDR18301 413919 376410 Site of Old Limekiln south 19th southwest of Crossgate Farm, 44 Century Wheston LIME KILN MDR18303 414046 375734

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HA Period Name Type HER ref NGR Site of Old Limekiln north 19th northeast of Monksdale House, 45 Century Wheston LIME KILN MDR18256 413735 375493 19th Spindle whorl, Needham Low, 46 Century Wheston FINDSPOT MDR15649 413035 376065

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