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Geological and Environmental Sustainability August 13-14, 2018 Bali, Indonesia Conferenceseries.Com 1906Th Conference August 2018 | Volume 7 | ISSN: 2381-8719 Journal of Geology & Geophysics 1906th Conference Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Geological and Environmental Sustainability August 13-14, 2018 Bali, Indonesia conferenceseries.com 1906th Conference 5th International Conference on Geological and Environmental Sustainability August 13-14, 2018 Bali, Indonesia Keynote Forum (Day 1) Forum Keynote Page 21 S Majid Hassanizadeh, J Geol Geophys 2018, Volume 7 conferenceseries.com DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719-C1-016 5th International Conference on Geological and Environmental Sustainability August 13-14, 2018 Bali, Indonesia S Majid Hassanizadeh Utrecht University, The Netherlands Grain-scale modeling of highly swelling granular materials welling is an important process in many natural materials (e.g., swelling clays) and industrial products such as in fuel Scells, paper and Absorbent Gelling Material (AGM) particles in hygienic products. AGM particles are capable of swelling, because of their hydrophilic polymers that allow AGM to absorb large amounts of fluid, namely, 30 to 1000 times their initial weight. To gain insight in the swelling behavior of a bed of AGM particles, we have developed a grain-scale model and we have tested the model by comparing it to experiments. The grain-scale model is based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and the Pore Finite Volume (PFV) method, which we have extended to include the swelling of individual AGM particles. Using this model, we can simulate the behavior of individual particles inside a water-saturated bed of swelling AGM particles while taking into account the hydro-mechanical effect arising from the presence of pore water. The model requires physical input parameters, which were obtained from literature for the particle stiffness and the friction angle, while the particle size distribution and the diffusion coefficient were measured in experiments. We have simulated and studied experimentally a bed of dry AGM particles inside a glass beaker to which we add plenty of water for the AGM particles to swell in. Simulations reveal that the numerical model is in accordance with the experimental data. We have also verified the model with Terzaghi’s analytical solution for a small swelling event. Finally, the model is extended to the swelling of a layer under unsaturated conditions. Biography S Majid Hassanizadeh is Professor of Hydrogeology at Utrecht University and Senior Advisor with Soil and Groundwater Department of Deltares. He is on Editorial Boards of many journals (Transport in Porous Media, Journal of Porous Media and Journal of Fluids) and has organized many conferences, workshops and short courses. He is Elected Fellow of American Geophysical Union (2002) and Fellow of American Association for Advancement of Science (2007). He has been selected as Distinguished Darcy Lecturer by US National Groundwater Association (2012). He is the recipient of Honorary Degree of Doctor-Ingenieur from Stuttgart University (2008), von Humboldt Prize (2010), Don and Betty Kirkham Soil Physics Award (2011), Advance Research Grant from European Research Council (2013), and Royal Medal of Honor Knight in the Order of Netherlands Lion (2015). [email protected] Notes: Journal of Geology & Geophysics Geology Congress 2018 Volume 7 August 13-14, 2018 Page 22 Francesco Vegliò, J Geol Geophys 2018, Volume 7 conferenceseries.com DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719-C1-016 5th International Conference on Geological and Environmental Sustainability August 13-14, 2018 Bali, Indonesia Francesco Vegliò University of L’Aquila, Italy Exploitation of mining wastes by physical technologies coupled with hydrometallurgical operations to develop sustainable processes he metals and industrial minerals contained in the tailings of mining and quarrying activities usually produce Tdangerous Acid Mining Drainage (AMD) generating several serious environmental impacts on the water ecosystem coupled with air pollution effects (dusts contamination due to the wind). The present work is focused to several cases under study in some geological place mainly present in Romania (i.e. Balan area) and other countries in the world. The objective of the experimental activities was to develop some general methodological approach to develop innovative and sustainable technologies for the treatment and exploitation of these kinds of mining tailings by using a combination of physical, biological and chemical processes. This general approach demonstrated the possibility to separate by physical processes (i.e. wifely table) several kind of minerals such as quartz, chamesite and gold-containing pyrite. In other cases gold is present in oxidized fraction of these kind of tailing. In these last cases thiourea or thiosulfate leaching processes could be a valid alternative to the conventional use of cyanide with several advantages on the environmental impact and on the sustainability of the developed processes: treatment of contaminated sites, reducing of water and air pollution, improving the economy of the interested regions with positive social impacts. Moreover, it should be considered that a conventional process very often shows operating limits in the case of auriferous refractory minerals. An important characteristic of thiourea and thiosulfate leaching process it is the best selectivity towards gold; they does not attack the majority of the gangue mineral constituents and more than 75-80% of gold recovery can be obtained under no severe process conditions with positive fall-out on CAPEX and OPEX of the industrial plants. Where chemical pre-treatment are necessary hydrometallurgical operation can be easily applied with the same chemical reagents (i.e. removal of copper before thiourea leaching). This study would like to present some practical case of exploitation of mineral tailings indicating some guidelines to approach the decontamination of these kind of very wide dumps or landfill producing at the same time economical values with social and environmental benefits. Biography Francesco Veglio is a Professor of “Theory and Development of Chemical Processes at University of L'Aquila. He has experience in the preparation and management of research projects, activity of R&D on the valorisation of raw materials and industrial wastes, chemical and biotechnological processes, environmental technologies and bio-hydrometallurgy. He is the President of Teaching Activities in Industrial Engineering in University of L’Aquila, member of the scientific committee of the “Foundation of University of L’Aquila” (2009-2011) and the Member of the International Academy of Ecology and Protection Sciences (IAELPS) number – 04706 – Russia. [email protected] Notes: Journal of Geology & Geophysics Geology Congress 2018 Volume 7 August 13-14, 2018 Page 23 conferenceseries.com 1906th Conference 5th International Conference on Geological and Environmental Sustainability August 13-14, 2018 Bali, Indonesia Keynote Forum (Day 2) Forum Keynote Page 37 Ahmed Melegy, J Geol Geophys 2018, Volume 7 conferenceseries.com DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719-C1-016 5th International Conference on Geological and Environmental Sustainability August 13-14, 2018 Bali, Indonesia Ahmed Melegy National Research Centre, Egypt Current and future trends in environmental geochemistry and health he contribution of environmental geochemistry is to demonstrate the impact of geochemistry to a variety of societal Tand economic areas such as the sustainable exploitation of natural resources, the assessment of environmental problems within cities and the sustainable remediation of contaminated land. The discipline of environmental geochemistry and ecological health explains links between the disturbed chemical composition and the health of plants, animals and people. This presentation discusses some of the more salient current trends and future direction in environmental geochemistry and health problems. Considerable research is now being undertaken in critical areas such as environmental quality and protection, more collaborative, inter-disciplinary research is needed to ensure long-term environmental sustainability. Geochemical mobilization of heavy metals in water has been cited as an important factor in many diseases of Sohag Governorate, Egypt. 42 groundwater samples were collected from the quaternary aquifer and eight samples from surface water of Sohag governorate. The results recorded high contamination with cadmium and lead. Besides, about 50% of samples are contaminated with iron and manganese at an alert level. All the metals under study exhibited an asymmetric statistical distribution in the investigated area. The study identified positive relationship between contaminated water (surface and groundwater) of Sohag with Cd (rs=0.43) as well as Pb (rs=0.21) and Renal Failure Rate (RFR=26 patients/105 capita). The spatial distribution of these two metals (Cd and Pb) showed that they accumulated in the southern part of Sohag Governorate around Albalina district and in the north western part at Gehina district, which have the highest RFR. This study highlighted the need for more detailed research to assess the different pollutants and their relation to chronic diseases. Hazardous metal cations enter water through the natural geochemical route or from the industrial wastes. Their separation and removal can be achieved by adsorptive accumulation of the cations on a suitable adsorbent. Future direction in environmental geochemistry and health problems is applying by removing of toxic ions were from water
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