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NAMA Tandem: NAMA De Transporte Activo Y Gestión De La Demanda

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NAMA Tandem: NAMA De Transporte Activo Y Gestión De La Demanda NAMA TAnDem: NAMA de Transporte Activo y Gestión de la Demanda NAMA for Active Transport and Travel Demand Management in Colombia Supported by: ii DISCLAIMER: The Colombian Government thanks the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH (German Development Cooperation) for collaboration and technical assistance in the preparation of this document. The collaboration with GIZ was conducted within the framework of the project TRANSfer (http://transferproject.org/), financed by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) via the International Climate Initiative. The opinions expressed in this document do not necessarily reflect the views of GIZ and/or BMUB. Partial or total reproduction of this document is authorized for non-profit purposes, provided the source is acknowledged. NAMA TAnDem: Active Transport and Travel Demand Management in Colombia, 2017, GIZ, http://transferproject.org/ Supervision: André Eckermann Authors: Carolin Capone, Patricia Calderón Contributions by: Hanna Wang-Helmreich, Tassha Rivera Photography: credits throughout text Contact details: María Paz Uribe Jefe de BANCA INTERNACIONAL, Findeter Financial Institution for Development Telephone: (+571) 623 0311 ext. 1332 Email: [email protected] Calle 103 # 19 - 20 Bogotá, D.C – Colombia iii NAMA TAnDem: NAMA of Active Transport and Travel Demand Management Table of contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ 9 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 14 2 Overview of the Colombian transport sector ............................................................ 15 2.1 Relevance and status quo of AT and TDM ............................................................ 15 2.2 Colombian transport policy in the context of climate change ................................. 21 2.3 Finance for the Colombian transport sector ........................................................... 24 2.4 International cooperation in the Colombian transport sector .................................. 26 3 The NAMA: Objectives, measures and impacts ........................................................ 29 3.1 The general concept of the NAMA ......................................................................... 29 3.2 Direct mitigation measures under the NAMA ......................................................... 30 3.3 Scope of the NAMA ............................................................................................... 41 3.4 Stakeholder analysis ............................................................................................. 43 3.5 Steering Structure of the NAMA ............................................................................ 50 3.6 Expected benefits from NAMA implementation ...................................................... 52 3.7 Potential for transformational change .................................................................... 55 4 Technical assistance to facilitate NAMA implementation ........................................ 58 4.1 Barriers and risks to NAMA implementation .......................................................... 58 4.2 Support measures to facilitate NAMA implementation ........................................... 63 5 The MRV approach: Monitoring, Reporting and Verification ................................... 69 5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 69 5.2 Qualitative analysis of GHG impacts ..................................................................... 69 5.3 Quantitative estimation of GHG emissions ............................................................ 74 5.4 Monitoring ............................................................................................................. 78 5.5 MRV set-up and process ....................................................................................... 82 6 Financing the NAMA ................................................................................................... 85 6.1 Overview of costs and revenues from NAMA implementation ............................... 85 6.2 Secured financing and financing gaps ................................................................... 91 Annex 1 – Causal chains .................................................................................................. 94 References ....................................................................................................................... 100 List of tables Table 1: Key background data for the Colombian transport sector ................................... 15 2 NAMA TAnDem: NAMA of Active Transport and Travel Demand Management Table 2: Coverage of public transport systems in Colombian cities .................................. 19 Table 3: Cycling infrastructure in Colombian cities (current and projections) .................... 20 Table 4: National policies, programmes and projects in Colombia relevant for AT and TDM ........................................................................................................................ 22 Table 5: Examples for financing for sustainable mobility in the Municipality Development Plans (PDM) 2016 – 2019 ............................................................................... 25 Table 6: International cooperation in active transport and travel demand management in Colombia ......................................................................................................... 26 Table 8: Benefits of electrically assisted bicycles.............................................................. 39 Table 9: Scope of implementation of each measure according to scenario ....................... 42 Table 10: Stakeholders and their roles and responsibilities with regard to the NAMA TAnDem ........................................................................................................................ 44 Table 11: Tasks and responsibilities of each actor in the steering structure of NAMA TAnDem .......................................................................................................... 51 Table 12: Ambition levels of the two mitigation scenarios ................................................. 52 Table 13: Qualitative assessment of sustainable development benefits of the NAMA ...... 53 Table 14: Barriers and risks of NAMA implementation ...................................................... 62 Table 15: Example activities under work stream 1: promotion and awareness raising ...... 64 Table 16: Sources of data and included parameters relevant for MRV of TAnDem .......... 73 Table 17: Description of the mitigation scenarios.............................................................. 76 Table 18: Major assumptions for the GHG emission reduction estimations ...................... 77 Table 19: Logframe .......................................................................................................... 81 Table 20: Proposed data collection frequency .................................................................. 84 Table 21: Implementation costs of TAnDem at national level............................................ 85 Table 22: Average unit costs and revenues of TAnDem’s direct mitigation measures ...... 86 Table 23: Overview of total costs, emission reductions and SDBs of NAMA TAnDem ...... 90 3 NAMA TAnDem: NAMA of Active Transport and Travel Demand Management List of figures Figure 1: Yearly emission reductions of NAMA implementation in NAMA cities ................ 11 Figure 2: Relevance of emissions from transport in Colombia (2012) ............................... 16 Figure 3: Development of motorization rate in Colombia .................................................. 17 Figure 4: Modal split in selected Colombian cities ............................................................ 18 Figure 6: Objectives, indicators and measures of NAMA TAnDem ................................... 29 Figure 7: The Push and Pull Approach of NAMA TAnDem ............................................... 30 Figure 9: Impact chain of the NAMA TAnDem .................................................................. 31 Figure 10: Example of Singapore streets with actively managed (and priced) parking ...... 32 Figure 11: Example of a Low Speed Zone in Monteria ..................................................... 33 Figure 12: Bicycle access to Cable car in Manizales (left) and bicycle parking at train station in Hamburg, Germany (right) ........................................................................... 35 Figure 13: Different types of private bicycle parking facilities. Examples from Medellin (left) and Berlin (right) ............................................................................................. 35 Figure 14: Bad practice examples of current cycling infrastructure ................................... 20 Figure 15: Good practice examples of current cycling infrastructure ................................. 36 Figure 16: Case study on modal shift induced by PBS ..................................................... 37 Figure 17: PBS Encicla in Medellin ................................................................................... 37 Figure 18: Bike taxis service ............................................................................................
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