www.orphancameras.com {\= -i t: P'ict'ttre tak,ing witii, the No.2-A Folding Autographic il Brownie 0,,

, Rapid R ectilinear Tclox Lens now identtlfable

TO protect amateurs, and to pro- I tect Developing anC Printing houses that endear cr ro give their customers the best possible resul's, we have made Velox paper identifiable. The trade name "Velox" is printed, faintly, on the back of every sheet. Look for it. Insist on Velox-the paper that exactly meets the requirements of amateur nega- tives-and know you're getting the best results possible frorn your films. The VeloxBook tells the workingof a sitnple |aDer in simble terms-a aaluable fhoto- sralhic help. Free from u,s or your decler. EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY RocHBSTER, I{. Y. EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY RocnBsrnn, N Y. # www.orphancameras.com ..KODAKERY''

A monthly magazine that teaches how to i make better pictures, wilt be sent FREE OF I CHARGE to anyone uho buys one oI . "Kodak" tt our smateur from a dealer in photo- TRADE \,{ARK goods, if 1888 l{raphic this btank is fitled out and : sent to us utithin 30 days trorn the date the camera was purchased. EASTNIAN KODAK CCT\IPANY EASTMAN KONEK RocHBsrER.N. \-. COPTPENY. TO THE EASTM,q.I.IKOOAK CO., ROCHNSTER,N. Y.: td Accepting your offer, pleo.se put ,ny name on the E tnailing list "KODAKERY" (with Manufacturers of lrl for the understanding I that there is to be no cost to me), I ha,vin{ bought a Kodak Cameras. Brownie Cameras, |I. Kodak Film, tr Kodak Film Tank-s. o Velox Paper, Solio Paper, Brownie Enlarging Cameras, tr Eastman Royal Bromide paper, ld F Eastman Standard Bromide paper, Eastman Velvet Bromide paper, Eastman Brilliant Velvet Bromide paper. Eastman Matte-Enamel Bromide paper. Eastman Enameled Bromide paper, Kodak Dry Mounting Tissue, Eastman Tested Chemicals, Tripods and Other Specialties. I 1l Trade Marks Ree. L-. S. pat. Off. I I I I Y October. 1924. NorB-The magazine will h,e sent for one year only-60 on this- -1 offer. After that the subscription price wiil be c""tr u I year, b]t_yog are not under- the slightest obligatio" to r"- I new.-E. K. Co. I I Form No. 337.24. www.orphancameras.comi I P,icture tak'ing w'ith the l No. 2-A I l Folding Aurographic Brownie Camera Rapid Rectilinear Lens

I I I J_ Publi.shed.by EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY RocnnsrBn. N. Y. q www.orphancameras.com Order Film by Number Before Loading

All Kodak Films are distinguished by D EFORE taking any pictures with the the numbers on the ends of the cartons. L) No. 2-A Folding Autographic read the following in- A 116 is the number of the film for this Brownie Camera, camera (No. 2-A Folding Autographic structions carefully. Make yourself famil- especial care Brownie). Tfis number is on the carton, iar with the camera, taking 'to the . Work on the cartridge, and on the back of the learn how to operate camera. it for both time and instantaneous ex- posures several times before loading the can be used in the camera with film. earlier models of Brownies, "N.C."' film to bear can be used in Autographic Brownies, but The first thing for the beginner to get autograph,icresults, Autographic film in mind is that the light, which serves to must be used in an Autographic Brownie. impress the photographic image upon the sensitive film in a fraction of a second when IMPORTANT it comes through the lens, can destroy When Autographing film, bear down the film as quickly as it makes the picture. with the stylus as heauily as the paper Throughout the operations of loading and will stand without tearing. unloading, be very careful to keep the red paper wound tightly around the film to prevent the light striking it.

www.orphancameras.com f

CONTENTS PART I

Penr I Loading the Camera I.oadingthe Camera ,.l film (A 116) for the No. 2-A Folding Auto- THE r graphic Brownie Camera is furnished in a Penr II light-proof cartridge and the camera can be loaded in daylight. This should be done in a Making the Exposures 11 subdued light, not in the glare of bright Operating the Shutter 11 sunlight. It should also be borne in Instantaneous Exposures .. l4 mind that after the seal is broken, care Focusing 15 must be taken to keep the red paper Diaphragms r7 tight on the spool, or it may slip and Using the Finder 19 loosen sufficiently to ruin or fog the film. Autographic Feature 25 1. To load the camera, take a posi- Time Exposures-Interiors 29 tion where the daylight is somewhat THo Frr.u, To Make a Portrait 3+ subdued, not in the direct sunlight, and No. A 116 Time Exposures-Outdoors 36 remove the front of the camera. To do this, push -light Exposures 37 the metal lock to the right, Fig. 1, page 6. Then take the front of camera by the two metal edges Penr III and lift it upwards, first lifting the end on which the lock is fastened, Fig. 2, page 6, and remove Removing the Film 43 that part of the camera entirely. The camera is Finishing the Pictures . 48 J-*,now ready for loading. 2. At each end of the camera there is a recess for holding the film spools. ./) "qb www.orphancameras.com Fig. 1 There is an empty spool at the winding end of Fig. 3 the camera; the fresh cartridge is to be inserted in the opposite end. 3. Break and remove the gummed band that The empty spool, holds the end of the red paper, unfold the end and which is used as the thread the red paper as far as it will go, into the reel, must now be re- longer opening of the slit in the empty spool, .ro 'in moved. This is done that the slot the end of tlte spool w'ill be at the top, by first drawing out wh'ile at the same t'ime the slot at the end of the full the winding key to spool will be at the bottom of the cartridge. Then give the limit of motion, the empty spool three or four turns, until the which will releasethe black lines on the outside of the paper are reached. spool, it can then be Be careful that the paper draws straight and true. readily renroved. See Fig. 4. Fig.3.

I.-ig. 2

www.orphancameras.com Press in on the winding key in the top of camera 4. The camera may now be loaded by first and turn it to the left, until the web on the key unrolling about four inches of the red paper and spool, which then placing the two spools into the film pockets fits into the slot in the top of the empty at each end of the camera. Fig. 5. is the reel. Fig. 6. Caution If too much of the red paper is reeled off belore the camera is closed, some of the film will be un- covered, fogged and ruined.

tr lg. .\

Important

when inserting the spool of film be sure to get the top of the spool at the top of the camera (each spool is marked with the word "Top," on the red paper near the top of the spool). The winding Fig. 6 k"y is on the top of the camera. If the spool of film is inserted wrong end up, the red paper instead 6. The camera must now be closed, reversing of the film will face the lens, resulting in the total the operation shown in Figs. 1 and 2. When re- loss of the pictures. placing the front of the camera after it is loaded, first insert the end opposite the lock, the edge of 5- After the spools have been placed in the must in metal groove at the end of the pockets, push the full spool as far back as possible box be the front, the end on which the lock is fast- so that the tension spring may hold it securely then drop ened into place. Push over the metal lock andl in place, creating sufficient drag to keep the film taut. rnake sure that it is fastened securely.

www.orphancameras.com Throughout these operations from the time the gummed band is broken on the fresh roll of film until the camera is closed, keep the red paper PART II wound tightly on the roll. If it is allowed to loosen light will be admitted and the film ruined. Making the Exposures 7. The red paper must be partly reeled off before a picture can be taken. Turn the key to I] EFORE making an exposure with the No. 2-A 't-' the left and watch the little red window in the back Folding Autographic Brownie, either time or of the camera. When about ten or twelve turns instantaneous, be sure of four things: have been given, an index hand will appear. This First-That the shutter is ad j usted properll' ; hand is a warning that the for an instantaneous, time or "bulb" exposure as first number is approach- desired. irg. Then turn the k"y Second-That the diaphragm lever is placed at slowly until figure 1 ap- the proper stop opening. pears in the center of the Third-That the camera is focused. red window. Fourth-That an unexposed section of the film Press in on the winding is turned into position. key while turning it, so as to keep the web on the Operating the Shutter k"y, in the slot in the end of the spool, and to pre- Familiarity with the shutter is necessary for suc- vent the key loosening and cessful picture taking with any camera. allowing the film and red The following directions should be carefully read paper to unwind. and the shutter operated several times before load- The film is now in posi- ing the camera with film. tion for the first picture. The shutter is self-setting. Exposures are made by pressing the push-pin of the cable release D or pushing down the exposure lever C. See diagram of shutter on page 12. Do not make too sharp a bend in the cable release or it will be likelv to kink.

11 www.orphancameras.com Time Exposures First-Move the lever A to the point "T" (time). This adjusts the shutter for Time Exposures. ' Second-Move the lever B to U.S. 4, 8, 16, 32 or 64, according to the time of the exposure and the nature of the subject. See instructions for the use of the diaphragms or stops as given on page 17, also the table for making Interior Time Exposures on pages 32 and 33, and the table for Time Exposures Outdoors, page 36. Third-Press the push-pin of the cable release D or push down the exposure lever C. This opens the shutter. Time the exposure by a watch. Again press the push-pin or the exposure lever. This closes the shutter. Bulb Exposures When it is necessary to make a very short time Snapshots" exposure this is best accomplished by making a "Bulb" Exposure. For all ordinary Instantaneous Exposures ' First-Move the lever A to the point "8" (bulb). First-Move the lever A to 25 or 50 (represent- This adjusts the shutter for "Bulb" Exposures. ing the speeds of the shutter), according to the Second-Move the lever B to U.S. 4, 8, 16, 32 time of instantaneous exposure desired. This ad- or 64. See instructions for the use of the dia- phragms stops given page 17, justs the shutter for Instantaneous Exposures. or as on also the table for making Interior Time Exposures on pages Second-Move the lever B to U.S. 8. Lever 32 and 33, and the table for Time Exposures Out- B controls the iris diaphragm and U.S. 8 is the doors, page 36. proper opening for ordinary outdoor work, such as Third-Press the push-pin of the cable release D push lever street scenes, nearby views, etc., when the subject or down the exposure C, to open the shutter, and release it to close the shutter. Th,is is in bright sunshine, using speed 25. makes the exposure. The shutter will remain open Third-Press the push-pin of the cable release D as long as the push-pin or the exposure lever is pressure. or push down the exposure lever C. Tbis makes under Important-Nezter oil, the shutter. In case of the exposure. Be sure to hold the camera rigid, AS accident, return the camera to your dealer or to us a slight jar will cause a blurred negative. for repairs. t2 -{' * 13 www.orphancameras.com As a general rule, make exposures with the cable Focus on the Subject release instead of with the exposure lever C, as the cable release is less likely to jar the camera. Pull up the lever on the f ront of the camera, at the winding end, see Fig. 1. This unlocks the Instantaneous Exposures bed of the camera. Then pull the lever foru'ard "Snapshots" and push down the bed of the camera. When maklng instantaneous exposures or snap- p.hgtr,the subject should be in the broad, open sun- light, but the camera must not. The sun should be behind the back or over the shoulder of the operator. If it shines directly into the lens it will blur and fog the picture. Special instructions for making portraits indoors are given on page 34. Use Stop U.S. 8 and Speed25 For all ordinary outdoor work, such as street scenes, nearby views, etc., when the subject is in !lr" bright sunshine, use stop IJ.S. 8 and speed 25. If a smaller stop is used for ordinary snapshots, the light will be so much reduced that it rn'ill not suf- ficiently impress the image on the film, and failure rvill result. Fig. 1. Opening the Front. At the front of the camera bed and at one side there is a focusing scale which is to be used for focusing the camera. The focusing scale has three slots, marked 8, 25 and 100 feet. NorB-The focusing scale is marked both for feet and for meters and care should be taken not to confuse them. It is not necessarv to estimate the distance with In views at the seashore and on the water, when more than approximate accuracy; for instance, if the sunlight on the subject is unusually strong and the focus is seCat the slot marked 25 feet (the usual there are no heavy shadows, stop Il.S. 16 and ipeed distance for ordinary street work), everything from 50 should be used. about 15 feet to about 50 feet will be in good focus. When the camera is focused in this manner, it may be used as a regular fixed-focus camera, providing lever B, controlling the stops, is placed at U.S. 8. Where the principal object is nearby or at a great distance, the focus should be changed accordingly. For distant views, set the focus with the indicator

l4 15 www.orphancameras.com # in the slot marked 100 feet. and when the subiect is about 8 feet from the lens. set the indicatoi in the slot marked 8 feet. When the subiect is close This diagram shows the to the lens, then use a Kodak Portrait Attachment, u.s. 4 actual sizes of the stop see page 35, or use a small stop opening, see table .l openings or diaphragms of below. 4 V the shutter used on the What Depth of Focus Means No. 2-A Folding Autogra- Suppose that the lens is used at its full opening, phic Brownie, when the U.S. 4, and the focus is set at eight feet, an object u.s, g eight feet distant will be sharp, but objects seven I camera is fitted with the J and ten feet distant will not be sharp. Stop the Rapid Rectilinear Lens. lens down to U.S. 16 and those objects each side of o It clearly shows the rel- the exact point of focus will increase in sharpness. u.s.16 various Go farther and use stop U.S. 64, and everything ative sizes of the o stop openings and the from about five feet and one-quarter to about seven- teen feet will be sharp. u.s.32difference between their It will'thus be seen that the smaller the stop the o areas. greater the depth of focus, that is, the greater the o u.s.64 power of the lens to define sharply, at the same time, objects nearer the camera and farther from COPYRIGHT 1922, gY EASTMAN KODAK CO. the camera than the principal object in the picture, Diaphragms which, of course, is the object focused upon. But it is obvious that with the small stops the exposure The diaphragms, sometimes called stops, should must be correspondingly increased. be used as follows: The following table will be a help in finding U.S. 4-For instantaneous exposures on slightly cloudy days, the range of sharp definition or depth of focus when use speed 25; also for portraits out of doors, when the sun is shining, see page 14. the No. 2-A Folding Autographic Brownie Camera U.S. 8-For ordinary outdoor work, such as street scenes, (when it is fitted with the Rapid Rectilinear Lens) nearby views, etc., when the subject is in bright sunshine, is focused with different stops: use speed 25. U.S. 16-For open views, etc., when the sunlight on the u.s.4 u.s.8 u.s.16 u.s.32 u.s.64 subject is unusually strong and there are no heavy shad-ows, Distance such as views at the seashore,and on the water, use speed 50; I RANGE OF SHARPNESS Focused I for ordinary landscapes, in bright sunshine, rvith clear sky Upon .l overhead, use speed 25; also for Interior Time Exposures, Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. the time for which is given in the table on pages 32 and 33. U.S. 32-For instantaneous exposures of extremely distant 100Ft. to Inf. 2 to Inf.l2l to Inf. 17 to Inf.l 12 to Inf 135 | I views. marine. snow scenes and clouds, in bright sunshine, 25Ft. to46 5 to Inf. | | to Inf.l 9 to Inf lt7% ll %to68 lll% | { use speed 25; also for Time Exposures. 8Ft. | 7%ro9%| I ro9%l 6% to lo%l 6 to 13 l5/a to t7 U.S. 64-For Time Exposures Outdoors in cloudy weather. "Inf." is the abbreviation for Infinity-meaning an infini Neaer for instantaneoils ex|osures. The exposure required for distance from the lens. time exposures on cloudy days with smallest stop will range 16 # t7 www.orphancameras.com from one second to eight seconds, according to the light, see page 36. The smaller the stop the sharper the picture, see press the lever, and draw out the front of camera page 16. to the division marked for the distance desired. Total failure will be the result, if the smallest stop (U.S.64) is used for instantaneous exposures. How to Use the No. 2-A Folding Autographic NorB-In all the instructions in this manual where the Brownie subject is out of doors, the exposures given are calculated for as a Fixed Focus Camera hours from 2/2 hours after sunrise until 2/z hours before sun- SBr Focus Ar set. If earlier or later the time required will be longer. For 25 FBBI. objects in the shadow, under porches or under trees, no accurate IJsB SpBBo 25. directions can be given; experience only can teach the proper SBr DrnpnnAGM AT IJ.S. S. exposure to give. Drawing By following the above suggestions this camera Out the Front can be used as a fixed focus camera, with the addi- Draw out the front of the camera bv means of tional advantage of being instantly convertible the round post on the slide plate, to the ilot marked to a focusing camera when conditions call for it. for the distance desired, 8, 25 or 100 feet, and the It must be remembered, however, that when using camera will be in focus for the distance at which this camera as a fixed focus type, it is necessary you place the catch. Fig. 2. that the subject be in bright sunlight, in order The catch or locking device is on the left side at to obtain a fully timed exposure. the bottom of the front standard. To set the focus. The range of sharpness when the camera is ad- justed as above will be found in the table on page 16. Explanation A lens is often spoken of as having a fixed focus. There is no such thing as a fixed focus lens, but in certain cameras, 3 % i 4/ and smaller (equipped-that with short focus lenses), the lens is immovabie, ir, qet at ,a distance that is a compromise, as to its focus, between far and near points. A camera with a lens so focused, used in cbmbination with a relatively small stop, is designated a fixed focus camera. Using the Finder Point the lens at the object to be photographed and locate the image in the finder which is placed on the front of the camera. For a vertical exposure hold the camera as shown in Fig. 3, page 20. For a horizontal picture the Fig. 2 camera must be held as in Fig. 4, page 20, turning Drawing out the Front. the finder as indicated. 18 19 www.orphancameras.com \IIEW INCLUDED WHEN VIEW INCLUDED WHEN N{AKING A VERTICAL MAKING A HORIZONTAL PICTURE. PICTURE.

Fig.5

Remember that only the view included within Fig. the rvhite area of the diagrams will shou- in the prcture. Hold the camera steady,-hold it level as shown in illustrations, and press the push-pin of the cable release. This makes the exposure. Always look into the finder from directly over it, not at an ongle. The finder gives the scope of view and shows a facsimile of the picture as it will appear, but on a reduced scale. It will be noticed that the top of the finder is notched, as shown in Fig. 5. This is done so that the one finder will correctly show the view included r,r,'henthe camera is held in either the vertical or the horizontal position.

Fie.6 Fig. 6 shows how to hold the camera when mak- i.g an exposure without the use of the cable re- lease. Hold the bed of the camera firmly with the left hand, steady it with the right and with the thumb of the right hand press the exposure lever. 2l www.orphancameras.com (,

Important shown in illustrations. When operating the When making instantaneous exposures with cable release or pushin$ down the exposure any camera, hold it firmly against the body as lever, hold the breath for the instant-

www.orphancameras.com hold the camera leael, after Hold the Camera Level The operator should withdrawing to a proper distance, as indicated by f'he camera must be held level. the image sh,own in the finder. If an attempt is made to photograph a tall build- If the object is low, like a small child or a dog, ing while standing near it, by poTtrting the cameia u.pwards (thinking- to center it), the rlsult will be the camera should be held down level with the sirnilar to Fig. 7. center of the object. The Autographic Feature

The Autographic Brownie has a spring-door on the back covering a narrow slot through which the u'riting is done upon the red paper. The slot has an automatic safety spring border which pressesthe papers into contact with the back of the film when the door is open, thus securing the sharp printing of the irnage of the writing. This slot is placed so that normally the writing comes between the ex- posures. The Autographic Record as a Guide

Many amateurs have distinctly improved the quality of their work by rnaking notes, at the time of exposure, of the prevailing conditions, as: Bright light, | 125 sec., stop IJ.S. 8, which can be easily abbreviated to: B, 1125, 8. By keeping such records the amateur can quickly find the causes of failure, if any. By comparing negatives and records he will soon get a line on his errors and Effectproduced ilr;*;,L,"* the carnera. u,hen he knows what his errors are, he can easily when rnaking thi:. picture the camera was pointed correct them. It is obvious that the best way to ypwards. This building should have been taken nrake these records is autographically-on the fil*, from a building opposjtg, and at a level .orr".ponJ- at the time. ing with the mldcile of the subject.

24 www.orphancameras.com 4lh, B,toorh Taritt 6'.e,C, if*Afit

tsa^d. Cctnqn:l PK, ,@ "lrllf trwqu eaenrA 0ralfr,t f iodlto ,ltoW

€,rn{are,r-,Ctu.te-€*par, fcrs fuorlg Fig. 9 Tntnnrrg fbaa, $l f'u$fl1 O^rt, *lfl.l'fl' Position of stylus when writing record data on , Autographic Film used in Autographic Brownie.

T{ood,r&Je, Pqr. th I ti-0,eg p.ttL. After the picture is taken, lift up the spring- door on the back of the camera with the thumb (Fig. 8). Use the stylus, held in as upright a posi- AUTOGRAPHIC RtrCORDS tion as is convenient (Fig.9), and write on the strip The Method of exposed red paper any memorandum desired, such The Autographic Records above are merely to as the title of the picture, the date, or details in suggest a few of the thousand and one ways in regard to the exposure, light, stops, etc. which these may be used to add value to your To a clear impression, press firmly negatives. $et on both the up and down strokes. While writing or afterwards the sun should not be allowed to shine upon the paper. The action of the stylus permits the light to record the writing upon the film. After finishing the writing the door should be left open for the printing, i. accordance with "\, the following table: ilI Expose to the sk!, but not to the sun: L, il our oF DooRS .torl*?3o'li*oo* BRTLLTANTLrcHT 2 to 5 Seconds 5 to 7 Seconds DULL LrcHr 5 to 10 Seconds 10 to 15 Seconds

27 www.orphancameras.com Expose to Artif,cial Light: Itnportant-when you have made the exposure on the last section of the IxcrxoESCENT ErBcrntc Ltcut, distance two film and have made the autographic record of it, turn inches, 30 to 60 seconds. the winding key of the Brownie until the letter A appears in the center Wnrsnacn Ge.s Ltcut, distance six inches, 30 to of the window in the back of the camera. Raise 60 seconds. Close the spring-door before winding the next section of film into place. Caution: To place the writing accurately in the space betu'een the negatives it is important that the film should be turned so that the exposure number wrote paper. is in the center of the red window in the back of on the red the Brownie. Time Exposures-Interiors Turn a new section of film into position: Press in slightly on the winding key in the top of the cam era, and turn it slowly to the left, until the next number appears in the red window. Three or four turns will be sufficient to accomplish this. See Fig. 10. The warning index hand appears only before No. 1 of each roll of film. Repeat these operations for each picture.

Diagram, showing positions for Camera.

Place the camera in such a position that the finder Fig. 10 will include the view desired. The di.g;;; ;h;;, " the proper positions for the camera. It should tgt b." poiltgq Turning a new section of film into position. . directly. at a window, os the glare of light will blur the picture. If all'the *i"8o*. 28 29 www.orphancameras.com cannot be avoided, pull down the shades of such as come within range of the camera. Fig. 11 shows the camera in position for a vertical exposure. The camera also has tripod sockets and may be used on a tripod.

Fis. 12 Another Method Another method of making short time exposures, which has much to recommend it, is as follows: Hold the hand or a card close to the front of the camera, so as to cover the lens and exclude all light (Fig. 13, page 32). Push down the exposure lever to open the shutter; remove the hand and give the proper exposure; replace the hand in front of the lens and again press the lever to close the Fig.11 shutter. To rnake a horizontal time exposure without the Caution: If using the hand be careful not to use of a tripod, pull down the same lever at the touch the lens or it will leave a mark. front of the bed of the camera, that was used for Some experienced amateurs prefer this method as the support when taking a vertical exposure and it practically does away with all danger of jarring place the camera in the position as shown in Fig. 12. the camera during exposure, and thus blurring the picture. Adjust the shutter for a Time Exposure, as de- scribed on page 13. Turn the Winding Key: After making the autographic record, press in slightly on the winding All being ready, press the push-pin of the cable k"y and turn the next section of film into position, release, or press the exposure lever, once to open and as described on page 28. again to close the shutter. Time the exposure by The camera is now ready for the next Interior a watch. Exposure. 31 www.orphancameras.com WrurB Warls AND MonB THaN ONB Wrxoow: bright sun outside, 4 seconds; hazy sun, 10 seconds; cloudy bright, 20 seconds; cloudy dull, 40 seconds.

WnrrB Wnrls AND ONt-v OxB Wrxoow: brightsun outside, 6 seconds; hazy sun, 15 seconds; cloudy bright, 30 seconds; cloudy dull, 60 seconds.

MBoruu ColonBo Walrs AND H,q.xcrxcs AND MonB THIN OxB WrNoow: bright sun outside, 8 seconds; hazy sun, 20 seconds; cloudy bright, 40 seconds; Follow the directions given for each successive cloudy dull, 80 seconds. exposure. MBoruu CoronBo Warr-s AND Hexcrxcs AND Oxrv When the last Interior Exposure is made, adjust OxB WrNoow: the shutter for an Instantaneous Exposure, see bright sun outside, 12 seconds; page 12. hazy sun, 30 seconds; cloudy bright, 60 seconds; Exposure Table for Interiors cloudy dull, 120 seconds.

The following table gives the approximate tirne Drnx ColonBo WaILS AND He.xcrxcs AND MonB Tnax Wrxoow: of the exposure required under varying conditions ONB bright sun outside,20 seconds; of light. The time given in the table is with stop hazy sun, 40 seconds; IJ.S. 16 in the lens. If stop U.S.8 is used, give one- cloudy bright, 80 seconds; half the time; with stop I-I.s. 4 give one-fourth the cloudy dull, 2 minutes, 40 seconds. time; with stop IJ.S. 32 give twice the time; and if Danx CoronBo War.r-s AND Hawcrxcs AND Oxrv stop U.S. 64 is used, give four times the exposures OxB WrNoow: given in the table. The smaller the stop the sharper bright sun outside,40 seconds; the picture, see page 16. Stop IJ.S. 16 gives the hazy sun, 80 seconds; best average results for Interiors: cloudy bright, 2 minutes, 40 seconds; cloudy dull, 5 minutes, 20 seconds. 32 33 www.orphancameras.com The exposure table on page 33 is calculated for suitable reflector; place it at an angle and in the rooms where windows get the direct light from the position as indicated in the diagram. sky, and for hours from three hours after sunrise For instructions describing other methods to until three hours before sunset. If earlier or later produce various lighting effects, ask your dealer the time required will be longer. or write to us for a copy of the booklet: "At To Make a Portrait Home with the Kodak." Instructions for making portraits outdoors, when Have the subject in a chair partly facing the the sun is shining, are given on page 14. light, and turn the face slightly towards the camera which should be a little higher than an ordinary Kodak Portrait Attachment table. The eyes of the subject should be centered By using the Kodak Portrait Attachment, large on an object at the same level with the lens. Ar- head and shoulder portraits of various sizes may range the image in the finder. For a three-quarter be obtained. figure the camera should be about 8 feet from the The Attachment is simply an extra lens slipped subject and for a full-length figure about 10 feet. over the regular lens, and affects in no way the The background should form a contrast with the operation of the camera, except to change the focus. subject. When making portraits indoors, a light With the Attachment over the lens and the focus- background usually gives a more pleasing effect than ,, ing indicator placed proper point a dark one. at the on the scale, the subject must be at the exact distance from To obtain a satisfac- the lens, as given in the table below: tory illumination of the 8 feet point 2 f.eet 9 inches (. .( SUBJECT face, have the subject, 25 camera and window in 100 " ".....4 " 2 " the positions as shown in Use Kodak Portrait Attachment No. 3 with _"* 3 the diagram. It is ad- the No. 2-A Folding Autographic Brownie Camera. o o visable to use a reflector, z to obtain more detail in Kodak Diffusion Portrait Attachment ; the shaded part of the The Kodak Diffusion Portrait Attachment is a face. A white towel or supplementary lgns used in exactly the same manner sheet thrown over a as the regular Kodak Portrait Attachment. It screen or high piece of produces a true, soft-focus effect entirely free from furniture will make a objectionable "fuzziness" or out-of-focus appear-

www.orphancameras.com ance. By using this Attachment, portraits are Flash-light Exposures made more artistic, due to the softening effect of By using Eastman Flash Sheets, picture taking diffusion. at night is very easy. A package of flash sheets, Use Kodak Diffusion Portrait Attachment a piece of cardboard, a pin, a split stick about two No. 3 with the No. 2-A Folding Autographic feet long and a match complete the list of essential Brownie Camera. extras, although a Kodak Flash Sheet Holder is a Time Exposures-Outdoors great convenience. With flash sheets there is a minimum of smoke When the smallest stop (U.S. 64) is used, the and they are far safer than any other self-burning light admitted is so much reduced that time ex- flash medium, besides giving a softer light that is posures out of doors may be made the same as less trying to the eyes. interiors, but the exposures must be much shorter. Many interiors can be taken with the flash For very short time exposures as described below, sheets that are impracticable by daylight, either use the "Bulb" Exposure, see page 13. by reason of a lack of illumination or because there With Sunshine-The shutter can hardly be are windows in a direct line of view which cannot opened and closed quickly enough to avoid over- be darkened sufficiently to prevent the blurring of exposure. the picture. With Light Clouds-From one to three seconds Evening parties, groups around a dinner or card will be sufficient. table or single portraits may be readily made by With Heavy Clouds-From four seconds to the use of the flash sheets, thus enabling the ama- eight seconds will be required. teur to obtain souvenirs of many occasions which, The above table is calculated for hours from but for the flash-light, would be impossible. 2r/ hours after sunrise until 2)4 hours before sun- Preparation for the Flash-The shutter should set, and for objects in the open. For other hours be adjusted for a Time Exposure, as described on or for objects in the shadow, under porches or under page 13 (stop U.S. 8 must be used), then place trees, no accurate directions can be given; experi- the camera on some firm, level support where it ence only can teach the proper exposure to give. will include the view desired, see pages 29 and 30. Time Erposures rnust not be tnadewhile the Pin a flash sheet by one corner to a piece of card- cafttera is held in the hands. Always place it board which has previously been fixed in a perpen- upon some firm sutrport, such as o triltod, dicular position. If the cardboard is white it will act table or chair. as a reflector and increase the light on the subject. 37 www.orphancameras.com The flash sheet should be placed two feet behind fastened, press around the notched edge, forcing this and two or three feet to one side of the camera. portion of the flash sheet firmly into position on If placed in front, or on a line with the front of the pan. the camera, the light from the flash would strike To set off the flash, insert a lighted match, from the lens and blur the picture. It should be placed behind, through the round opening in the center. at one side as well as behind, so as to throw a shadow and give a little relief in the lighting. The flash Taking the Picture should be a little higher than the camera. The With the camera and flash sheet in position and support upon which the flash is to be made should all being ready, open the camera shutter, stand at not project far enough in front of it to cast a shadow arm's length and touch a match from behind, through the round opening in the center of the in front of the camera. An extra piece of card- holder. board a foot square placed under the flash sheet will prevent any sparks from the flash doing damage. If the Kod.ak Flash Sheet Holderis not used,, place a spl'it st'ick at least two long. By using the Kodak Flash Sheet Holder, however, the match in feet all these contingencies are taken care of, and we There will be a bright flash which makes the strongly advise its use. picture. Press the push-pin or push the exposure lever to close the shutter. Make the autographic The Kodak Flash Sheet record by following the table as given on page 28, and turn the next section of film into place with Holder the winding key, ready for another picture. This holder may be held in The Flash Sheet the hand, always'between you and' The size of the sheet required to light a room the fl,ash sheet, or it may be used farthest from on any tripod, it being provided varies with the distance of the object the camera, and the color of the walls and hangings: with a socket for this purpose. The sheet is placed in position in For ten feet distance and lisht walls and hangings, use one No. 1 sheet; with dark the center of the larger pan over walls and hangings, use one No. 2 sheet. th,e round opening, which has a raised saw-tooth For fifteen feet distance and light walls and edge extending half-way around it. Press with the hangings, use one No. 2 sheet; with dark thumb on the sheet, so a slight break is made and a wa$s and hangings, use one No. 3 sheet. projects partially through the Neaer ?nore one sheet at a time in the portion of the sheet \ ' use than, opening. To insure the sheet being more securely Kodah Flash Sheet Holder. 38 www.orphancameras.com To Make a Portrait-Have the subject in a The finder on the camera will be a help in com- posing picture chair partly facing the camera (which should be a the so as to get the best effect. To little higher than an ordinary table) and turn the make the image visible in the finder the room will face slightly towards the camera, having the eyes have to be well lighted. The lights may be left centered on an object at the same level with the on while the picture is being made, if none of them lens. The proper distance from the camera to the show in the finder. subject can be ascertained by looking at the image Eastman, Flash Sheets burn more slowly than in the finder. For a three-quarter figure this will flash powders, producing a much softer light and be about 8 feet and for a full-length figure about are, therefore, far preferable for portrait work; the 10 feet. subject, however, should be warned not to move, For use of the Kodak Portrait Attachment. see as the picture is not taken instantaneously, about page 35. one.second being taken to burn one sheet. The flash should be on the side of the camera away.{rom the face, that is, the subject should not Eastman Flash Cartridges face it: The flash should be at about the same Eastman Flash Cartridges may be substituted for height or a little higher than the head of the subject. the sheets if desired. We recommend the sheets, To Make a Group-Arrange the chairs so that however, ad more convenient, cheaper and capable each chair will be at the same distance from the of producing the best results. The cartridges are camera. Half of the group should be seated and better only when instantaneoers work is essential. the rest should stand behind the chairs. If the group is large any number of chairs may be used, Closing the Camera but none of the subjects should be seated on the To disengage the front from the lock on the focus- floor, as'the result would not be pleasing, because ing scale so that it may be pushed back, press in the perspective would be too violent. with the finger on the catch, which is located just Backgrounds-When making single portraits or above the focusing scale, then slide back the front groups, care should be taken to have a suitable a short distance. The catch may then be released background against which the figures will show in and the front pushed back into the camera box. relief, a light background is better than a dark one, Close the camera by pressing down the arm locks and often a single figure or two will shqw up well each side of the standard and raise the bed as againS't a lace curtain. For larger groups a medium . at \ shown in the illustration, Fig. 14, page 42. light wall will be suitable. .41

www.orphancameras.com PART III Removing the Film

\I /HEN changing the spools of f l- in the Y Y Brownie Camera, do not make the change in the d,irectsunlight. It can be done in the open, but to avoid all liability of fogging the edges of the film, it should be done in a subdued light. 1. When the last section of film has been exposed and the autographic record of your name has been Fig. 14 nrade, according to instructions on page 29, give Closing the Bed of Camera. the winding k"y about twelve extra turns. This covers the film with red paper again. Caution

Before closing the bed of the carnerd. make sure that the finder is in the position for making a vertical exposure or in the upright position. The front standard must be pushed back to, and only to, the limit of motion.

I f the finder and front standard are in proper position they will not interfere with the bed in closing.

Do not make too sharp a bend in the cable release, rvhen closing the camera, or it will be likely to kink.

Fig. 1 Holding red paper taut while turning kel'.

43 www.orphancameras.com 2. Provide another spool of film (No. A 116) 7. Wrap up the exposed film immediately to to fit the camera, take a position where the dty- prevent the possibility of light being admitted. It light is somewhat subdued, not in the direct sunlight is now ready for developing and printing. and remove the front of the camera as described on pages 5 and 6. 8. Remove the empty spool and load the cam- 3. Holding the paper taut so as to wind tightly, era with fresh film as described in Part I, page 5. turn the key until the paper is all on the reel. See Important Fig. 1, page 43. 4. Hold the ends of the red paper and the Film should be developed as promptly as possible quality sticker together, to prevent the paper from loosen- after exposure. The of the image on all sensitized products ing on the roll. If the sticker folds under the roll, is retained by immediate de- velopment when rn'ound, turn the winding key to bring it up. after exposure. 5. Draw out the winding key as far as it will go, and lift out the roll of film as shown in Fig. 2. Load your Brownie with Kodak Film. 6. Fold over about half-an-inch at the end of Look for this Trade Mark on the box: the red paper (to make subsequent breaking of the seal easy) and then seal with the sticker. EASTMAN

"If it isn't Eastmart, it isn't Kodak Film."

Fig. 2 Lifting out roll of exposed film. 44 www.orphancameras.com "Cinch" Marks Lenses should be If the filnr and paper loosen up a trifle when taken freq uently exam- from the camera, there is an inclination to take ined. Remove the the cartridge in the hand and wind it as closely as front of the camera possible, "cinching" it tightly with a twisting from the back, as motion. There's nothing more likely to injure the described on pages negatives than this tight drawing of the film, as it 5 and 6 (when there rubs the surface, making fine parallel scratches is no film in it) running lengthwise of the film, which, ir some then cases, will ruin the negatives. Do not "cinch" the open and draw out the front of cartridge. It simply needs to be wound tightly DIRTY LENS the enough to keep the red paper inside the flanges camera. Adj ust the of the spool. shutter as when Keep Dust Out of the Camera making a Time Ex- posure and open it; Defective negatives are sometimes caused by par- the largest stop ticles of dust which have collected on the inside of (IJ.S. 4) should be the camera and settle upon the film. This dust in position. Hold produces small, light spots on the negd.tives which the camera make dark spots on the prints. so that the front is towards It ir, therefore, well to wipe out the inside of camera and bellows occasionally with a slightly the light, then look damp cloth. If the camera has not been used for through the lens CLEAN LENS some time, this needs special attention. from the back of the camera, and if the lens is dirty, it should be Clean Lensed rviped, both front and back, with a clean, soft linen Dirty or dusty lenses are sometimes the cause of handkerchief . poor pictures. The pictures page on 47 illustrate Large spots of dust or dirt on the lens will cause this point clearly. The gray, flat, indistinct pic- defects in the picture, while if the lens is evenly ture at the top of the page was taken with a dirty covered with a film of dust, dirt or moisture, the lens, the surfaces of which were covered with an effect will be to cut off a great deal accumulation of dust. The sharp, clear, distinct of light and nrake the picture gray picture was made by the same lens after it had been and flat. carefully cleaned.

16 www.orphancameras.com With the Kodak Film Tank and Velox paper, Finishing the Pictures many amateurs find as great pleasure in the finish- TIHERE ing of the pictures in are two distincf steps in the making of as the taking of them, and are r able to produce, photographs-the picture taking and the pic- by the simple methods we have perfected, work of the highest order. ture f,nishing. In order to free our instruction books from all unnecessary details, which might be We never lose interest in the purchaser of a confusing, we furnish with the camera the direc- Brownie. We are not only willing, but are anxious tions for p'icture tak,ing only. at all times, to help solve any problems that he may encounter, The instructions in this booklet are ample for either by sending.on the necessary printed instructions the manipulation of the camera under every condi- or by individual correspondence, tion that is likely to be encountered. Similarly, through our Service Department. Such customer, in availing himself those who wish to do their own developing and of the knowledge of our experts, puts himself printing will find equally full instructions accom- under no obligations to us. He is panying the Kodak Film Tanks (for developing in simply availing himself of one of the things that he is entitled daylight), or our Outfits for tray or dark-room use. to when he buys a Brownie or a Kodak- and that is. Kodak service. To develop Film (No. A 116) used in the No. 2-A Folding Autographic Brownie Camera, provide, EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, preferably, a 2/z-inch Kodak'Film Tank. (This RocnesrBn, N. Y. film may be developed in the larger Tanks that are. made for use with films of longer spool length-but not so economically.) If the dark-room method of development is pre- ferred, an Eastman A B C Developing and Printing Outfit should be obtained. In keeping with our plan and purpose to provide the users of our cameras with every help in the production of good pictures, we will be glad to furnish such developing and printing instructions, at any time, whether a tank or outfit is purchased or not.

www.orphancameras.com PRICE LIST Vnrox TneNspeRENT WerBn Cor.on Steues, complete booklet of 12 colors. . . $ .4S 1,, Aurocnepnrc Frr,u CenrnrocB, No. A 116, VBrox TnexspenpNr We:rpn Cor,on Sreup 2% x 4%, t2 exposures. .60* Outrn, consisting of Artist's Mixing pal- ette, three special Camel's Hair Brushes. 6 exposures. . . . '30* l and one book of Velox Transparent Water CennvrNc CasB for the No. 2-A Folding Color Stamps (12 colors)...... 1.00 Autolraphic Brownie Camera 1;60 EesrnreN Reoucon aNo Srerw Rruovnn, Kooer Ponrnarr ArrecnuBNT, No. 3, for packageof 5 tubes ...... : .50 use with the No. 2-A Folding Autographic Vnrox Re-onvBr-oeen, package of. 12 tubes 1.0g Brownie Camera. './J Sorro PeeRn, 2% * 4/, two dozen .25 Kooar< Drppusrow Ponrnarr ArrecnnrpNr. ColrerNBn No.3 . :.\. 1.25 ToNrNc eNo Frxrxc Sor,urroN non Sorro, 8-ounce bottle. .50 Koler Cor,on Fnrnn, No. 3. 1.15 4-ounce bottle .30 Kooer Sxy Frr,rBn, No. 3. . . . 1.15 EesrlreN Pyno DBvBropBn powoBns. in Kooer< Frr,u TeNx, 2/-inch 4.50 t---' sealed glass tubes, box of five tubes .25 Duplicating for Outfit above Tank. 2.25 Eesrnrau HvonocnrNolr DBvBropBn pow DBveLopBn' PowoBns for 2 t/-inch Kodak ./- DERS,in sealed glass tubes, box of 5 tubes .30 Film Tank, six powders... . .25-/ Eesrulw Spncrer. DBvBr,opBn pownnns, EasrueN A B C DBvBroprNG AND PnrNr- in sealed glass tubes, box of five tubes. . . .35 rNc Ourrn, for dark-room development EesluAN Pyno DBvelopBn PowoBns. six and printing (4 x 5 or smaller), complete 2.00 powders ...... ,25 Konex Acro FrxrNc PownBn, one pound. . .25 ' ... TnnRuoruBrBn Srrnnruc Roo 1.50 Half pound .15 Kooex Danr<-nooM Leur, No. 2, l6-inch Quarterpound...:.-. .10 wick. t.2S VBrox Paron, 2% x 4/, one d,ozen .15 L- EesrlreN Fr.tsn Snee:rs, No. 1, packageof r/ Nspenl Sor,urroN, for developing Velox, dozen...... 35 4-ouncebottle )9, --- ...;.. I t No. 2, package of. / dozen.. .56 Konar,orn PnrNrrxc Mesx, No. 4, for use ,-'\ ,t with 2/ x 4% negatives. .to .'/ No. 3, package of. / dozen.. .84 \ *Price includesExcise Tax, Kooer Fr,asn SnnBr Hor,oBn. 1.25 51 www.orphancameras.com "How ro MarB Gooo PrcruREs," an illus- EasrueN Frru DBvELopTNG CLrps (nick- trated book for the amateur, that includes eled),3/-inch, per pair...... $ .30 many helpf ul suggestions; it shows various Korer JuNron Frlu Crrps, No. 1,'each. . . .12 nethods of making exposures, developing, Kooax TnrulrrNc Boeno, S-inch. .75 printing,enlarging, etc...... $ .40 Kooar< Murar. Tntron, No. 0 2.75 Developing, Printing and Enlarging

No. 1 4.50 Developing Film, twelve exposure cartridge, 2%*4%.. .35 No. 2 5.00 Sixexposurecartridge.... LBarHBn Ce.nnvrNc Cese, for Kodak Metal .20 Tripod Nos. 0, 1 or 2. 2.70 Velox Prints, 2% * 4y'a, unmounted, each. . .07

FrBxo Tnrpoo...... i 2.00 Mounted, each. .09 for attaching camera to the edge Oerreoo, All |rints furnishedunmounted unless otheywise specified. of a table, chair, fence, etc... t.25 NorB-When mailing film for development,mark the pack- Kooeron, for attaching camera to a tree, age plainly with your nameand address,and write a letter of fence or similar rough surface.. r.7sv instructions,.with remittance. EAsrM,rr{ Frllr NBcATIvE Alnuu, to hold 6 x 10 Bromide Enlargements, mounted on 100 2% x 4% negatives... . : . . 1.25 cards,each. ..$ 1.OO Kooe,x Dnv MouNrrNc Trssuo, 2% x 4%, 7 x 12, each. 1.40 three dozen sheets .10 8 x 14, each. 1.75 EasrueN Pnoro BrorrBn Boor for blot- ting and drying prints. .50 On enlargementorders, if, in our opinion, an enlargement will be improved by double mounting, we will do so at an Barrrc MouNrs for prints 2/x4/, per 100 2.80 additional charge of 10 cents, or triple mounted at.15 cents.

Per50...... 1.40 All brices subj.ect to change utithout notice, RnooBs Atnuu, flexible leather cover, loose- leaf,with 50 black leaves,sizeT x 11.... 2.75 EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, Cloth cover 1.25 RocnBsrpn. N. Y. Kcioax PnrNr RorLEn, double,6-inch..... 1..00 Flexo PnrNr RoLr.ER,single, 4-inch .35, 52 www.orphancameras.com \

i i IJo* to n'aLe Str RVIC tr u{}Oct{-1 rf,}r lctures DtrPARTMtrI\T

I AoorrroNAt- AsstsrANCE IroR A Bork f*r the*ma{eur MTKTNG Bprrnn Prcru RIts llhorugruphrr : I A LTHOIJGH we give in this manual ''( I all the essential directions for I using the carnera it accompanies, there

1 are amateurs who wish for frrrther knowledge of photography.

The Service Department is at their service, your service.

Do not hesitate to call on us for in- A PRACTICAL book for the arnateur. formation on any photographic subject. ft It describes in a simple, understandable way every phase of photography that the amateur is likely to be interested in, such as We are at your seraice,write various methods of making exposures, de- to us-there is no charge, veloping, printing, enlarging, making lantern no obligation. slides, coloring, etc. Profusely illustrated. 168 pages. Address all Communications SuRvrcp DppanrMENT EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY EASTMAI\ KODAK COMPAI\Y At yottr deoler's RocnesrER, N. Y. RocrrESTER,N. Y., IJ. S. A.

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