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HENRY MORGENTALER: Death of a Canadian Protagonist News in Review – September 2013 – Teacher Resource Guide HENRY MORGENTALER: Death of a Canadian Protagonist Note to Teachers: Teachers should be aware that the teaching of sensitive and controversial issues such as abortion may provoke emotional responses from students. A high degree of care should be taken before the lesson to ensure that the learning environment allows for conflicting sets of values to be processed analytically and with respect for differences in people and their identities, cultures and world views. THINKING THROUGH ARGUMENTS When you "make" an argument, you are attempting to convince others that your views on whether something is wrong or right, good or bad, are reasonable and should be believed. When considering the arguments that we make and the arguments other people make, it is helpful to recognize that anyone, ourselves included, can reason well or poorly. There is "good" reasoning and there is "bad" or "flawed" reasoning. There are lots of arguments regarding abortion since it is a highly controversial and sensitive issue to many people. In this activity, you will think through some of the arguments regarding abortion and consider your own. Consider the following examples of arguments regarding abortion: • "If you support abortion, you must hate babies." • "A fetus is a human being, therefore, abortion is murder." • "A fetus is not a human being, therefore, abortion is not murder." • "Only women‐haters are against abortions." • "Forcing a woman to have a baby, by threat of criminal sanction, infringes on the security of the person (the woman)." 1. Which of these examples do you think are better arguments that could be reasonably proven to be correct? 2. Which examples do you think are weak/poor arguments? News in Review ∙ CBC Learning ∙ newsinreview.cbclearning.ca 25 SEPTEMBER 2013 — HENRY MORGENTALER: DEATH OF A CANADIAN PROTAGONIST Logical Fallacies When judging the quality of reasoning, it can be helpful to name the weakness in reasoning or logical fallacy that may be used in an argument. Instead of saying, "that doesn't make sense" or "that's a lame argument," you can name the specific fallacy that is presented and work to improve the reasoning in the argument. Below is a selection of common logical fallacies and some examples for you to consider. Talk through these sentences with a partner until you feel you understand the qualities of the fallacy and can think of another example where the fallacy has been used in an argument. Ad hominem Slippery slope This fallacy occurs when you attack another This fallacy occurs when you argue that a person instead of the person's argument. specific course of action is likely to result in unintended consequences that are undesirable. "Yeah, you would think that, 'cause you're crazy/stupid/naive/emotional." "If abortions are legal, what's to stop the legalization of infanticide (killing unwanted children soon after birth)?" False dilemma This fallacy occurs when two choices are presented as the only choices, when in fact Non sequitur there could be more choices possible. This fallacy occurs when your conclusion does not flow logically from the statement that "You can either follow God's law or man‐made preceded it. laws." "Abortion is wrong because we might abort a "Woman can either have the right to choose an future doctor that would have cured cancer." abortion or they have to keep the baby." Special pleading (Double standard) Appeal to emotion This fallacy occurs when you apply a standard to This fallacy occurs when you try to manipulate someone else that is different from a standard someone's emotions, rather than use valid you apply to yourself. logic, to win an argument. "You can't possiblt understand what it's like to "How would you like to be raped and have to be pregnant — you're a man." keep a baby?" Task: Written Reflection In a two- or three-paragraph written reflection think about arguments that you have heard regarding abortion (keep in mind an argument is not an opinion; opinions are simply a person's belief). Write down two or three arguments that you recall. Consider if the argument uses sound reasoning or if the argument involves any logical fallacies. Reflect on why it is difficult to reason well if the issue is particularly controversial or sensitive. News in Review ∙ CBC Learning ∙ newsinreview.cbclearning.ca 26 SEPTEMBER 2013 — HENRY MORGENTALER: DEATH OF A CANADIAN PROTAGONIST SETTING THE STAGE Henry Morgentaler’s beginnings Henryk (Henry) Morgentaler was born in Poland on March 19, 1923. When the Nazis invaded Poland in 1939, his father, a textile factory worker and union organizer, was killed by the Gestapo. Henry and his mother, brother and sister were left to live in the Lodz ghetto for most of the war. His sister died there. In 1944, Henry and his mother and brother were sent to Auschwitz, a Nazi concentration camp in Poland. His mother was killed, and he and his brother became slave laborers. They were later shipped to Dachau, a Nazi concentration camp in Germany where they were finally liberated by the Allies in 1945. When the concentration camp was liberated, Henry weighed under 32 kilos and had lost all his teeth. His career and early controversies Henry studied medicine in Germany and He was again arrested but acquitted by a jury. Belgium and moved to Canada in 1950, The jury's decision was overturned by the finishing medical school at the University of Quebec Court of Appeal in April 1974. The Montreal in 1953. For 15 years he practiced Supreme Court of Canada upheld the appeal general medicine in a working-class district of court's decision and Morgentaler was given a Montreal. As a doctor, he saw women die of 18-month jail sentence. While in jail, he had a sepsis (a life-threatening complication from a heart attack and was moved to a nursing home. severe infection) after botched, illegal abortions. The Quebec Court of Appeal upheld his second He appeared before a House of Commons jury acquittal. After serving 10 months, he was committee to argue that pregnant women should released and acquitted for a third time. The have the right to safe abortions. newly elected Parti Quebecois halted all prosecution against him in December 1976. In 1969, Dr. Morgentaler opened his first abortion clinic, he trained hundreds of doctors to Every mother a willing mother perform abortions and he performed thousands Dr. Morgentaler became a household name in of them himself. Police raided his clinic in June Canada and a controversial public figure. His 1970. He was charged with procuring an illegal motto was “Every mother a willing mother, abortion. After the United States Supreme Court every child a wanted child.” He was threatened ruled in 1973 that women have the right to with death and began wearing bulletproof vests abortion, Dr. Morgentaler began a national after several abortion doctors were shot. He campaign for a new abortion law in Canada. He escaped injury when his clinic in Toronto was admitted then that he had performed more than firebombed. His clinics were picketed by 5,000 illegal abortions. protesters and raided by the police. News in Review ∙ CBC Learning ∙ newsinreview.cbclearning.ca 27 SEPTEMBER 2013 — HENRY MORGENTALER: DEATH OF A CANADIAN PROTAGONIST Abortion law struck down trained and willing to perform them. It seems On January 28, 1988 the Supreme Court of that abortion remains an unresolved Canada declared Canada's abortion law controversial issue even within the medical field. unconstitutional. Five years later the Supreme Court unanimously struck down Nova Scotia Controversial to the last regulations which had restricted abortions to In 2008, Dr. Morgentaler was inducted into the hospitals. Order of Canada. His selection was deeply controversial. Some previous recipients of the Today, abortion is considered a medical service honour gave theirs back in protest. \ guaranteed by the Canada Heath Act. However, only 17 percent of hospitals in Canada provide Henry Morgentaler died on May 29, 2013. Even abortions, due to a shortage of doctors who are in death, his legacy remains disputed: was he a hero or villain? To consider 1. Why would some people argue that Henry Morgentaler deserves the Order of Canada? 2. Why would some people argue that Henry Morgentaler doesn't deserve the Order of Canada? 3. Do you think Henry Morgentaler deserves the Order of Canada or not? State your reasons. News in Review ∙ CBC Learning ∙ newsinreview.cbclearning.ca 28 SEPTEMBER 2013 — HENRY MORGENTALER: DEATH OF A CANADIAN PROTAGONIST VIDEO REVIEW Note to Teachers: Teachers should be aware that the teaching of sensitive and controversial issues such as abortion may provoke emotional responses from students. A high degree of care should be taken before the viewing of the video to ensure that the learning environment allows for conflicting sets of values to be processed analytically and with respect for differences in people and their identities, cultures and world views. Pre‐viewing 1. What emotions do you feel when thinking about and/or discussing the topic of abortion? 2. How do you think your age, gender, family, religion and/or experiences have impacted your views on abortion? 3. Abortion is a complex, controversial topic that involves multiple considerations: medical, ethical, spiritual, legal and women's rights issues. Choose one of these considerations and, with a partner, explore the issue of abortion through this lens. Note questions that arise, as well as your agreements and disagreements. While viewing 1. What Canadian law or laws were overturned in the Supreme Court on January 28, 1988? 2. Dr Henry Morgentaler was born in the country of _______________. He was a survivor of _____________________________________.
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