DOCSLIB.ORG

Ipbes Global/Regional Indicator Factsheet

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ipbes Global/Regional Indicator Factsheet IPBES GLOBAL/REGIONAL INDICATOR FACTSHEET This factsheet is intended to provide the authors of IPBES assessments with the necessary information to include this indicator. Indicator Name Global Index of Linguistic Diversity and Language Threat Level IPBES Global Chapter 1: introduction and setting the stage Assessment Chapter Chapter 2: status and trends; indirect and direct drivers of change Chapter 3: progress towards meeting major international objectives related to biodiversity and ecosystem services Chapter 4: plausible futures of nature, nature's benefits to people and their contributions to a good quality of life Chapter 5: scenarios and pathways towards a sustainable future Chapter 6: opportunities and challenges for decision makers IPBES Regional Chapter 1: scope and methodology Assessment Chapter Chapter 2: nature’s benefits to people and its impacts on quality of life Chapter 3: status, trends of biodiversity and ecosystems underpinning nature’s benefits to people Chapter 4: direct and indirect drivers of change in the context of quality of life Chapter 5: interactions of nature and people and the role of institutions and governance Chapter 6: options for decision making across scales and sectors Link to IPBES 1. Institutions and governance and other indirect drivers conceptual 2. Direct drivers (natural/anthropogenic) framework 3. Nature (biodiversity and ecosystems, Mother Earth, systems of life, intrinsic values) 4. Nature’s benefits to people (ecosystem goods and services, nature’s gifts) 5. Good quality of life (human well-being, living in harmony with nature, living-well in balance and harmony with Mother Earth) 6. Anthropogenic assets Drivers-Pressure- Drivers / Pressure / State / Impact / Response State-Impact- Response (DPSIR) framework Aichi Target Aichi Target 18 Indicator summary The Index of Linguistic Diversity is an indicator of global trends in language loss; specifically it measures changes in the share of the global or a regional population that speaks each language on average. A decline in the indicator shows a loss of global linguistic diversity as a result of language shift from smaller, indigenous, geographically restricted languages to larger, globally or regionally dominant languages. Language loss is also a proxy for the loss of indigenous cultures and traditional knowledge relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. Temporal resolution, Annual / Less than annual / Single temporal data point extent available Years available: 1970 - 2010 Temporal resolution, 1970 – 2010 although an update may become available within the next year, up to extent willing/able 2015 to provide Spatial resolution, Global / IPBES region/ IPBES sub-region / Country / Sub-country extent available Finest resolution available: Regional Spatial resolution, Country, provided that there are adequate data and funding available extent willing/able to provide Global storyline The Index of Linguistic Diversity shows that linguistic diversity declined globally by about 30% between 1970 and 2009. This is about the same average rate of decline as populations of vertebrate species between 1970 and 2008, as measured by the WWF/ZSL Living Planet Index. However, there are regional differences in the rate of diversity loss. Global Index of Linguistic Diversity and Living Planet Index Source: Loh and Harmon, 2014 Regional Indices of Linguistic Diversity Source: Loh and Harmon, 2014 The fastest declines in linguistic diversity have taken place in the Americas, where the ILD fell by about 75% between 1970 and 2009, and Australia, where the ILD plummeted 85%. Languages spoken in Africa, Asia and Europe are faring better, where the ILD declined by about 20% (Africa) to 30% (Asia and Europe) between 1970 and 2009. For biodiversity, the fastest rates of decline have occurred in the Indo-Pacific (65% between 1970 and 2008), Latin America (50%), and Sub-Saharan Africa (40%). Species populations in North America, Europe and northern Asia have been more stable. In other words, biodiversity has declined rapidly in the tropics, but remained steady in temperate regions, while linguistic diversity has declined rapidly in the new world, but more slowly in the old world. Global caveats Data and methods The ILD depends on estimates of speaker numbers, which are known to vary widely in quality. The ILD uses data-filtering techniques to try to eliminate those data points that are most likely to be anomalous. Sample size and Global ILD is based on a sample of about 1000 languages; 95% confidence intervals uncertainty are calculated by bootstrapping. Regional Regional definitions used in the ILD are slightly different: Africa/ Americas/ Asia (incl. considerations M.E.)/ Europe (incl. Russia)/ Pacific (incl. PNG and Aus) Partners Jonathan Loh, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, UK David Harmon, George Wright Society, USA Reference See below Links to further Loh, J. and Harmon, D. 2014. Biocultural Diversity: threatened species, information endangered languages. WWF Netherlands, Zeist, the Netherlands. Download from http://bit.ly/28YcwZF For further information on the Index of Linguistic Diversity visit http://www.bipindicators.net/ild Harmon, D. and Loh, J. 2010. The Index of Linguistic Diversity: A New Quantitative Measure of Trends in the Status of the World's Languages. Language Documentation and Conservation 4: 97-151.The paper is downloadable from: http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc/2010/ Additional information about and data sources for the ILD can be found at: www.terralingua.org/linguisticdiversity Contact point for Name: Jonathan Loh further inquiry Email: [email protected].
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Introduction to Biocultural Diversity
    1 Biocultural Diversity To o l kit An Introduction to Biocultural Diversity Terralingua Biocultural Diversity: Earth’s Interwoven Variety he very reason our planet can be said to be T“alive” at all is because there exists here (and here alone, so far as we know) a profuse variety: of organisms, of divergent streams of human thought and behavior, and of geophysical features that provide a congenial setting for the workings of nature and culture. All three realms of difference have evolved so that they interact with and influence one another. Earth’s interwoven variety – what we call biocultural diversity - is nothing less than the pre-eminent fact of existence. David Harmon, Executive Director, The George Wright Society; Co-founder, Terralingua BIOCULTURAL DIVERSITY TOOLKIT Volume 1 - Introduction to Biocultural Diversity Copyright ©Terralingua 2014 Designed by Ortixia Dilts Edited by Luisa Maffi and Ortixia Dilts O 2 Biocultural Diversity Toolkit | BCD INTRO Table of Contents Introduction Biocultural Diversity: the True Web of Life Biocultural Diversity at a Glance The Biocultural Heritage of Mexico: a Case Study The World We Want: Ensuring Our Collective Bioculturally Resilient Future For More Information Image Credits: Cover and photo above © Cristina Mittermeier,2008; Montage left page © Cristina O Mittermeier , 2008 (photos 1, 2), © Anna Maffi, 2008 (photo 3), © Stanford Zent, 2008 (photo 4). BCD INTRO | Biocultural Diversity Toolkit 3 BIOCULTURAL DIVERSITY TOOLKIT VOL. 1. Introduction to Biocultural Diversity Introduction Luisa Maffi n the past few decades, people have become familiar Environmental degradation poses an especially Iwith the idea of biodiversity as the biological variety severe threat for these place-based societies.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Agricultural Heritage Landscapes: a Journey Across Terra Incognita
    Exploring Agricultural Heritage Landscapes: A Journey Across Terra Incognita Nora J. Mitchell and Brenda Barrett Authors’ note This article explores the values and challenges of agricultural heritage landscapes, which represent a journey across terra incognita as we venture onto less familiar terrain. Over the last several years, we have joined a group of colleagues—including other contributors to this issue—who are considering agricultural heritage landscapes in the wider context of conservation and sustainability. Discussions during the Nature–Culture Journey at the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) World Conservation Congress in Septem- ber 2016 inspired us to reflect further on what we can learn from this type of landscape, in particular, about the interconnections of nature and culture. We hope that this article will encourage further work to identify and recognize important agricultural heritage landscapes around the globe as well as in North America and will support efforts to sustain their multiple values and benefits. Introduction Conservation of agricultural heritage landscapes is receiving increased recognition and atten- tion worldwide. The term “agricultural heritage landscapes” is used here to describe produc- tive landscapes that are created and sustained by communities and have natural and cultural heritage values. These landscapes, shaped and sustained by communities, are rich in interre- lated cultural and natural heritage values and are often described as complex, dynamic bio- cultural systems. While agricultural heritage landscapes are receiving increased recognition by a variety of international and national programs, today they face many serious challenges. Several sessions in the Nature–Culture Journey1 provided an opportunity for an exchange of ideas on this type of landscape.2 This article reflects on that dialogue and, in particular, on some of the serious threats to the sustainability of these landscapes.
    [Show full text]
  • Biocultural Diversity and Sustainability
    18-Pretty-Ch18 6/22/07 3:18 PM Page 267 18 Biocultural Diversity and Sustainability Luisa Maffi with the environment and thus of the relationships INTRODUCTION between the state of the environment, the threats or pressures on it, and the response options to Conventional approaches to environmental con- counter or alleviate the threats. Three will be men- servation have tended to consider the role of tioned here in particular. humans only or mostly in terms of the threats that In the natural sciences, the field of ecosystem the intensification of human extractive and trans- health (Rapport, 1998, 2007) embraces a formative activities poses for the environment. “humans-in-environment” approach which, while From this perspective, finding solutions to envi- acknowledging that the global commons are ronmental problems largely means seeking to put severely imperiled by human action, takes as its a halt to those activities by “taking human hands main goal to address Aldo Leopold’s challenging off ” what is seen as the last remaining pristine question: how can we humanly occupy the Earth environments on the planet (Terborgh, 1999). without rendering it dysfunctional? In the social Underlying this perspective is a philosophical sciences, the field of biocultural diversity (Maffi, view that depicts humans as external to, and sepa- 2001a, 2005) – drawing from anthropological, rate from, nature, and interacting with it mostly in ethnobiological, and ethnoecological insights an effort to establish dominion over it (Eldredge, about the relationships of human language, 1995). Complementarily, nature is seen as sepa- knowledge, and practices with the environment – rate from humans and as existing in a primordial, takes as its fundamental assumption the existence “virgin” state unless and until they are encroached of an “inextricable link” between biological and upon by humans.
    [Show full text]
  • A Global Index of Biocultural Diversity
    A Global Index of Biocultural Diversity Discussion Paper for the International Congress on Ethnobiology University of Kent, U.K., June 2004 David Harmon and Jonathan Loh DRAFT DISCUSSION PAPER: DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE The purpose of this paper is to draw comments from as wide a range of reviewers as possible. Terralingua welcomes your critiques, leads for additional sources of information, and other suggestions for improvements. Address for comments: David Harmon c/o The George Wright Society P.O. Box 65 Hancock, Michigan 49930-0065 USA [email protected] or Jonathan Loh [email protected] CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 BACKGROUND 6 Conservation in concert 6 What is biocultural diversity? 6 The Index of Biocultural Diversity: overview 6 Purpose of the IBCD 8 Limitations of the IBCD 8 Indicators of BCD 9 Scoring and weighting of indicators 10 Measuring diversity: some technical and theoretical considerations 11 METHODS 13 Overview 13 Cultural diversity indicators 14 Biological diversity indicators 16 Calculating the IBCD components 16 RESULTS 22 DISCUSSION 25 Differences among the three index components 25 The world’s “core regions” of BCD 29 Deepening the analysis: trend data 29 Deepening the analysis: endemism 32 CONCLUSION 33 Uses of the IBCD 33 Acknowledgments 33 APPENDIX: MEASURING CULTURAL DIVERSITY—GREENBERG’S 35 INDICES AND ELFs REFERENCES 42 2 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. IBCD-RICH, a biocultural diversity richness index. 46 Table 2. IBCD-AREA, an areal biocultural diversity index. 51 Table 3. IBCD-POP, a per capita biocultural diversity index. 56 Table 4. Highest 15 countries in IBCD-RICH and its component 61 indicators.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Biocultural Approaches to Education Terralingua Langscape Volume 3, Issue 1 Exploring Biocultural Approaches to Education
    VOLUME 3, ISSUE 1 | SUMMER 2014 Langscape WITH GUEST EDITOR | YVONNE VIZINA Exploring Biocultural Approaches to Education Terralingua Langscape Volume 3, issue 1 Exploring Biocultural Approaches to Education here was a time with no schools—a time when nature and community were our teachers, and they taught us everything we needed to know Tin order to live respectfully and care for one another and for the land. We Langscape is an extension of the voice of Terralingua. It have come a long way from that. With the rise and spread of formal learning institutions, over time our concepts of “knowledge” and “education” have supports our mission by educating the minds and hearts become less and less associated with everyday-life, hands-on, holistic about the importance and value of biocultural diversity. experience and more and more with academic study and research—the body of systematic thought and inquiry that we call “science”. We aim to promote a paradigm shift by illustrating Science and its countless applications have permeated all realms of biocultural diversity through scientific and traditional human life. But, enclosed inside the walls of our learning institutions, knowledge, within an elegant sensory context of articles, compartmentalized within the silos of different, specialized disciplines, we have become insular and disconnected. We have lost sight of ourselves as stories and art. a part of—not separate from and dominant over—the natural world, and as inextricably linked with all other peoples and all other species on earth in a global web of interdependence: the web of life in nature and culture Langscape is a Terralingua publication that is now known as “biocultural diversity”.
    [Show full text]
  • CALL for Endangered Languages: Challenges and Rewards M
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DCU Online Research Access Service CALL for Endangered Languages: Challenges and Rewards M. Ward, J. van Genabith Abstract The interaction between CALL and Endangered Languages (EL) is an under-researched and under-exploited field. It is perhaps no surprise that this should be the case as CALL in the EL context has to address additional requirements and deal with extra constraints over and above those that prevail in mainstream CALL. This article introduces the topic of Endangered Languages and lists two classifications for Endangered Languages (Terralingua, 2000; Unesco, 1993). It outlines why a language becomes endangered and why it is important to save ELs. It identifies the special constraints that prevail in the EL CALL situation. These constraints determine the EL CALL requirements. In a case study, a software template and suggested syllabus have been developed for the production of CALL materials for ELs. A working example of courseware developed using the template is presented. Finally, the cultural dimension of EL CALL is outlined. 1. Introduction Many of the world's 6000+ languages are endangered. Krauss (1992) estimates that as many as 90% of the world's languages are endangered or under threat. CALL may not traditionally be considered to be a potential solution to this problem, but this article discusses CALL in the Endangered Languages (EL) context and outlines its possibilities. Unlike mainstream CALL, EL CALL is a relatively new field and has to consider additional constraints and requirements. We identify the special requirements and constraints that prevail in the EL CALL situation.
    [Show full text]
  • Linguistic, Cultural, and Biological Diversity
    AR254-AN34-29 ARI 7 September 2005 21:35 Linguistic, Cultural, and Biological Diversity Luisa Maffi Terralingua, Salt Spring Island, British Columbia V8K 2N6, Canada; email: maffi@terralingua.org Annu. Rev. Anthropol. Key Words 2005. 29:599–617 linguistic diversity, cultural diversity, biodiversity, biocultural First published online as a Review in Advance on diversity June 28, 2005 Abstract The Annual Review of Anthropology is online at Over the past decade, the field of biocultural diversity has arisen anthro.annualreviews.org as an area of transdisciplinary research concerned with investigat- doi: 10.1146/ ing the links between the world’s linguistic, cultural, and biologi- annurev.anthro.34.081804.120437 by 142.173.101.138 on 10/09/05. For personal use only. cal diversity as manifestations of the diversity of life. The impetus Copyright c 2005 by for the emergence of this field came from the observation that all Annual Reviews. All rights three diversities are under threat by some of the same forces and reserved from the perception that loss of diversity at all levels spells dramatic 0084-6570/05/1021- consequences for humanity and the earth. Accordingly, the field of Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 2005.34:599-617. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org 0599$20.00 biocultural diversity has developed with both a theoretical and a practical side, the latter focusing on on-the-ground work and policy, as well as with an ethics and human rights component. This review provides some background on the historical antecedents and begin- nings of this field and on its philosophical and ethical underpinnings, and then surveys the key literature on biocultural diversity, concen- trating on three main aspects: global and regional studies on the links between linguistic, cultural, and biological diversity; the mea- surement and assessment of biocultural diversity; and the protection and maintenance of biocultural diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • L a N G S C a P E
    ²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²² L A N G S C A P E News and views from TERRALINGUA: partnerships for linguistic and biological diversity. #17 September 2000 ²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²²² CONTENTS TERRALINGUA IN THE NEWS ......................................................................................... 2 ANNUAL REPORTS .......................................................................................................... 2 NEWS AND CORRESPONDENCE ........................................................................................ 9 ANNOUNCEMENTS ...........................................................................................................25 REQUESTS FOR INFORMATION / HELP ......................................................................35 DISCUSSION CORNER ...................................................................................................38 ANNOTATED LISTING OF INTERESTING / USEFUL SOURCES .................................42 Comments and suggestions are welcome, and we do welcome articles and news items for publication. Please send all communications regarding this newsletter to the Editor, Ms. Anthea Fallen-Bailey, either by electronic mail ([email protected]) or regular mail (41620 Fish Hatchery Drive, Scio, Oregon 97374-9747. U.S.A.). Membership inquiries should also be sent to Ms. Fallen-Bailey, while membership renewals and fees/donations (if any), as well as general Terralingua correspondence, should be sent to Mr. David Harmon, Terralingua, P. O. Box 122,
    [Show full text]
  • A World Without Biodiversity?
    WORLD CONSERVATION The magazine of the World Conservation Union January 2008 A world without biodiversity? Food heroesLessons from Sacred species landslides WORLDCONSERVATION Volume 38, No. 1 January 2008 Contents The World Conservation Union (IUCN) Rue Mauverney 28 1196 Gland, Switzerland Tel+41 22 999 0000 Fax +41 22 999 0002 [email protected] OUR WELLBEING www.iucn.org/worldconservation Editor: Anna Knee Spice of life………...........................................................................................................4 Managing Editor: John Kidd Circulation: Cindy Craker Why we’re talking about diversity Contributing editors: Doctor Nature..................................................................................................................6 Sarah Halls Human health depends on the health of biodiversity, says Eric Chivian Deborah Murith Olivia Pasini Ataste of paradise..........................................................................................................8 Rachel Wasser Sara Scherr explains how food production and biodiversity conservation can go hand in hand Design: åtta design sàrl, Geneva, Switzerland Printed by: SADAG, Bellegarde, France Food heroes....................................................................................................................9 M.S. Swaminathan on biodiversity and food security Opinions Opinions expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Lessons from landslides...............................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • Biocultural Approaches to Conservation & Development
    5 Biocultural Diversity To o l kit Biocultural Approaches to Conservation & Development Terralingua Biocultural Conservation and Development: Strengthening a World Brimming with Diversity iocultural diversity is increasingly recognized as a key concept in the B contemporary thinking and practice of conservation. As the conceptual level, it brings together the interrelated aspects of the diversity of life, highlights the intrinsic links between them, helps explain human-nature interactions and the co-evolution of nature and culture; as a conservation approach, biocultural diversity introduces notions, tools and methods that enhance conservation outcomes in specific environments managed by peoples and communities. Policies and practices that better understand the profound links between nature and culture and the value of diversity for resilience can support creativity, encourage better adapted responses, and empower people to value their identity and knowledge. In about a decade, many global conservation organizations have integrated biocultural diversity as an important concept of their policy frameworks, and have started to consider what the implications of this are for conservation practice. Gonzalo Oviedo, Senior Adviser on Social Policy, International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) e have an opportunity to reframe the international development W conversation to one that lifts the voices of local and indigenous people and their cultures and creates a more resilient and beautifully diverse world: a biocultural approach to development. The safeguarding of biological and cultural diversity needs to be deeply integrated and central to this new development paradigm. In bringing the voices of local people into this conversation, we will create a diverse and integrated approach to improving lives that is in line with and led by people in their unique environments, strengthening a world brimming with diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing the State of the World's Languages
    2 Biocultural Diversity To o l kit Assessing the State of the World’s Languages TerralinguaLinguistic Diversity | Biocultural Diversity Toolkit 1 Linguistic Diversity: a barometer for planetary sustainability iversity is the natural state of the world. It is the quintessence of D the evolutionary process, as found in nature with its multiplicity of flora and fauna, called biodiversity, and in human society with its multiplicity of cultures, called cultural diversity. Diversity in nature and diversity in culture are integrally related and connected with the health and sustainability of ecosystems. This link has given rise to the idea of biocultural diversity as a unified phenomenon. Language diversity is part of the co-evolution of humans with biodiversity. Languages are a key component of cultural diversity. They enable representation and transmission of the core aspects of cultures. Cultural diversity emerges and sustains itself through language diversity. Public concern about the loss of biodiversity is both local and global, in that it extends from saving species in people’s immediate environment to the global context of biological extinction. Likewise, public concern about the loss of language diversity must start by necessity with the local, that is, with the loss of local languages, spoken by smaller communities, which are at greater risk of extinction. Moving from the local to the global loss of language diversity, and from individual and community language loss to humanity’s loss of diverse cultural options for human survival must
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous and Traditional Peoples of the World and Ecoregion Conservation
    Indigenous and Traditional Peoples of the World and Ecoregion Conservation An Integrated Approach to Conserving the World’s Biological and Cultural Diversity Written by Gonzalo Oviedo (WWF International) and Luisa Maffi (Terralingua). Parts II and III written by Peter Bille Larsen (WWF International) with contributions from Gonzalo Oviedo and Luisa Maffi. The views expressed in this paper are not necessarily those of WWF or Terralingua. Any inaccuracies remain the responsibility of the authors. The material and the geographical designations in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WWF concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Editing and layout: Tim Davis Coordination of publication: Diwata Olalia Hunziker Cover photographs: Top (l-r): Sing-sing (Sinasina, Papua New Guinea), WWF/Panda Photo/M. Pala; Itelmen (Russia), Viktor Nikiforov; Himba/Zemba (Namibia), WWF-Canon/John E. Newby. Middle: Kayapo (Brazil), WWF/Mauri Rautkari. Bottom: Koryak (Russia), Kevin Schafer ISBN 2-88085-247-1 Published November 2000 by WWF-World Wide Fund For Nature (formerly World Wildlife Fund), 1196 Gland, Switzerland. Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication must mention the title and credit the above-mentioned publisher as the copyright owner. © text 2000 WWF Indigenous and Traditional Peoples of the World and Ecoregion Conservation An Integrated Approach to Conserving the World’s Biological and Cultural Diversity WWF International – Terralingua Gland, Switzerland "The power to act has moved away from governments, and... the real force for environmental improvement lies with people...
    [Show full text]