DOCSLIB.ORG

KCDC User Manual

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
KCDC User Manual KCDC User Manual KCDC - the KASCADE Cosmic Ray Data Centre Open Access Solution for the KArlsruhe Shower Core and Array Detector (KASCADE) KIT - University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and National Research Centre of the Helmholtz Association Authors: Jürgen Wochele, Donghwa Kang, Doris Wochele, Andreas Haungs, Sven Schoo Address: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute for Astroparticle Physics (IAP) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Internet: kcdc.iap.kit.edu www.kit.edu DOI: https://doi.org/10.17616/R3TS4P Version: V.2.20 Last update: 2021-06-07 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 9 1.1 KCDC - The KASCADE Cosmic Ray Data Centre ..................................................................................... 9 1.2 KCDC Motivation ................................................................................................................................. 11 1.3 KCDC Data Overview ............................................................................................................................ 13 1.4 The KCDC Team ................................................................................................................................... 14 2 THE KASCADE-DETECTORS ......................................................................................................................... 15 2.1 The KASCADE-Grande Experiment ...................................................................................................... 15 2.2 The KASCADE Detector Array .............................................................................................................. 16 2.3 The GRANDE Detector Array ............................................................................................................... 19 2.4 The Central Detector ........................................................................................................................... 23 2.4.1 The Hadron Calorimeter ................................................................................................................... 24 2.4.2 The Trigger Layer .............................................................................................................................. 27 2.4.3 The Muon Chambers (MWPC).......................................................................................................... 29 2.4.4 The Limited Streamer Tubes ............................................................................................................ 30 2.4.5 The Top Trigger Cluster .................................................................................................................... 31 2.5 The Muon Tracking Detector ............................................................................................................... 32 2.6 The Piccolo Trigger Detector ............................................................................................................... 34 2.7 The LOPES Radio Antennas .................................................................................................................. 35 2.8 Location of KASCADE and the KSACADE Coordinate system ............................................................... 37 2.9 Active Time of the Detector Components ........................................................................................... 38 3 DATA ACQUISITION AND EVENT BUILDING ....................................................................................................... 41 3.1 KASCADE Grande Triggers ................................................................................................................... 41 3.1.1 Trigger Sources ................................................................................................................................. 41 3.1.2 Trigger Conditions and Trigger Thresholds ...................................................................................... 42 3.2 Event Building ...................................................................................................................................... 43 4 KASCADE DATA IN KCDC .......................................................................................................................... 45 4.1 Energy (E) ............................................................................................................................................. 47 4.1.1 Measured data ................................................................................................................................. 47 4.1.2 Simulated data ................................................................................................................................. 48 4.1.3 Formula for Energy Estimator .......................................................................................................... 48 4.2 Number of electrons and Number of muons (Ne, Nmu) ..................................................................... 50 4.2.1 Level 1 .............................................................................................................................................. 50 4.2.2 Level 2 .............................................................................................................................................. 51 4.2.3 Level 3 .............................................................................................................................................. 52 4.3 Age (Age) ............................................................................................................................................. 54 4.4 Shower Core Position (Xc, Yc) .............................................................................................................. 55 4.5 Shower Direction (Ze, Az) .................................................................................................................... 57 4.6 Energy Deposits per Station (EDeposit, MDeposit) ............................................................................. 59 4.6.1 e/ – Energy Deposits ....................................................................................................................... 60 4.6.2 Muon – Energy Deposits .................................................................................................................. 66 4.7 Arrival Times ........................................................................................................................................ 71 4.7.1 Number of detector stations with valid arrival times (ArrivalN) ...................................................... 72 III 1 4.7.2 Arrival Times per Station (Arrival) .................................................................................................... 73 4.7.3 Station ID (ArrivalS) .......................................................................................................................... 74 4.7.4 Distance to shower core ................................................................................................................... 75 4.7.5 Example ............................................................................................................................................ 76 4.8 Event Time (Datetime, GT, MT) ........................................................................................................... 77 4.9 Air Temperature and Pressure (T, P) ................................................................................................... 78 4.10 Run Number & Event Number ............................................................................................................. 80 4.11 UUID .................................................................................................................................................... 80 5 CALORIMETER DATA IN KCDC ................................................................................................................... 83 5.1 Hadron Number ................................................................................................................................... 83 5.2 Hadron Energy ..................................................................................................................................... 84 6 GRANDE DATA IN KCDC ............................................................................................................................ 87 6.1 Number of Charged Particles and Number of muons in GRANDE (Nch, Nmu) .................................. 88 6.2 GRANDE Age (Age) ............................................................................................................................... 90 6.3 GRANDE Shower Core Position (Xc, Yc) ............................................................................................... 91 6.4 GRANDE Shower Direction (Ze, Az) ..................................................................................................... 92 6.5 GRANDE Energy Deposits per Station (GDeposit) ............................................................................... 93 6.5.1 Number of active GRANDE detector stations (GDepositN) .............................................................. 94 6.5.2 GRANDE Energy Deposit for each detector station (GDeposit) ....................................................... 95 6.5.3 Station ID (GDepositS) ....................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Radio Detection of Cosmic Rays with LOPES
    Radio Detection of Cosmic Rays with LOPES Claus Grupen University of Siegen & the LOPES Collaboration 1 Particle Astronomy at High Energies main problem: low intensity φ (> 1020 eV) = 1/(km2 ⋅ century) photons? γ γ → e+e- on infrared, optical, blackbody photons λ ≈ 10 kpc protons? γ p → ∆+ → n + π + (p + π 0) λ ≈ 10 Mpc only the „local universe“ is visible way out: neutrinos 2 Radio emission ♦ geo-synchrotron process in the atmosphere (dominant in air) ♦ Askaryan-effect: coherent radio Cherenkov emission (dominant in ice) ♦ charge separation in the Earth‘s magnetic field: dipole radiation ♦ molecular field bremsstrahlung ♦ optimisation of antennas ? 3 Detection of energetic cosmic rays (> 1015 eV) ♦ no direct measurements possible because of low intensity ♦ classical sampling technique using standard particle detectors ⇒ expensive ⇒ only information from the end of the cascade ♦ air fluorescence à la Fly’s Eye ⇒ requires clear moonless nights ⇒ 10 % duty time only ♦ air Cherenkov imaging telescopes ⇒ clear, moonless nights, low duty time ⇒ detection of geosynchrotron emission in the radio band ! 4 5 Advantages of Radio Emission from Extensive Air Showers ♦ simple, robust, cheap detectors ♦ 24 hours/day operation (- thunderstorms) ♦ low attenuation ♦ integration over the whole air shower ♦ wide field of view Potential Problems ♦ radio frequency interference ⇒ digital filtering techniques ♦ only practical at high energies (≥ 1016 eV) 6 7 8 History discovery of radio emission: Jelley et al. (1965), Jodrell Bank theory: Kahn & Lerche (1968) and Colgate (1967) many activities in the late 60‘s and early 70‘s (Haverah Park) problem with radio interference poor time resolution (∼ 1µ s) limited angular acceptance low statistics Now: Monte Carlo code for geosynchrotron emission available (Huege & Falcke 2004/05) Jelley et al.
    [Show full text]
  • KASCADE-Grande
    Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtzgemeinschaft Investigating the 2nd Knee: KASCADE-Grande April, 30 2005 – Aspen, Colorado AndreasAndreas Haungs – KASCADE-Grande Haungs Collaboration `[email protected] theAnkle´ Cosmic Rays around the knee: What is the origin of the knee(s)? energy ? mass ? arrival directions ? interaction mechanism ? Î large number of observables Î multi-detector system April, 30 2005 – Aspen, Colorado Andreas Haungs – KASCADE-Grande Collaboration `PhysicsfromtheKneeto theAnkle´ KASCADE-Grande = KArlsruhe Shower Core and Array DEtector + Grande Measurements of air showers in the energy range E0 = 100 TeV - 1 EeV April, 30 2005 – Aspen, Colorado Andreas Haungs – KASCADE-Grande Collaboration `PhysicsfromtheKneeto theAnkle´ KASCADE : multi-parameter measurements - energy range 100 TeV – 80 PeV - up to 2003: 4⋅107 EAS triggers - large number of observables: Î electrons Î muons (@ 4 threshold energies) Î hadrons April, 30 2005 – Aspen, Colorado Andreas Haungs – KASCADE-Grande Collaboration `PhysicsfromtheKneeto theAnkle´ KASCADE: energy spectra of single mass groups Measurement: KASCADE array data 900 days; 0-18o zenith angle 0-91 m core distance tr lg Ne > 4.8; lg Nµ > 3.6 Î 685868 events u n f o ld in Searched: g E and A of the Cosmic Ray Particles Given: Ne and Nµ for each single event Î solve the inverse problem tr with y=(Ne,Nµ ) and x=(E,A) April, 30 2005 – Aspen, Colorado Andreas Haungs – KASCADE-Grande Collaboration `PhysicsfromtheKneeto theAnkle´ KASCADE result: influence on hadronic
    [Show full text]
  • Cosmic-Ray Studies with Experimental Apparatus at LHC
    S S symmetry Article Cosmic-Ray Studies with Experimental Apparatus at LHC Emma González Hernández 1, Juan Carlos Arteaga 2, Arturo Fernández Tellez 1 and Mario Rodríguez-Cahuantzi 1,* 1 Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur, Edif. EMA3-231, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570 Puebla, Mexico; [email protected] (E.G.H.); [email protected] (A.F.T.) 2 Instituto de Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Michoacana, 58040 Morelia, Mexico; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 11 September 2020; Accepted: 2 October 2020; Published: 15 October 2020 Abstract: The study of cosmic rays with underground accelerator experiments started with the LEP detectors at CERN. ALEPH, DELPHI and L3 studied some properties of atmospheric muons such as their multiplicity and momentum. In recent years, an extension and improvement of such studies has been carried out by ALICE and CMS experiments. Along with the LHC high luminosity program some experimental setups have been proposed to increase the potential discovery of LHC. An example is the MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles detector (MATHUSLA) designed for searching of Ultra Stable Neutral Particles, predicted by extensions of the Standard Model such as supersymmetric models, which is planned to be a surface detector placed 100 meters above ATLAS or CMS experiments. Hence, MATHUSLA can be suitable as a cosmic ray detector. In this manuscript the main results regarding cosmic ray studies with LHC experimental underground apparatus are summarized. The potential of future MATHUSLA proposal is also discussed. Keywords: cosmic ray physics at CERN; atmospheric muons; trigger detectors; muon bundles 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Extensive Air Showers and Ultra High-Energy Cosmic Rays: a Historical Review
    EPJ manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) Extensive Air Showers and Ultra High-Energy Cosmic Rays: A Historical Review Karl-Heinz Kampert1;a and Alan A Watson2;b 1 Department of Physics, University Wuppertal, Germany 2 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, UK Abstract. The discovery of extensive air showers by Rossi, Schmeiser, Bothe, Kolh¨orsterand Auger at the end of the 1930s, facilitated by the coincidence technique of Bothe and Rossi, led to fundamental con- tributions in the field of cosmic ray physics and laid the foundation for high-energy particle physics. Soon after World War II a cosmic ray group at MIT in the USA pioneered detailed investigations of air shower phenomena and their experimental skill laid the foundation for many of the methods and much of the instrumentation used today. Soon in- terests focussed on the highest energies requiring much larger detectors to be operated. The first detection of air fluorescence light by Japanese and US groups in the early 1970s marked an important experimental breakthrough towards this end as it allowed huge volumes of atmo- sphere to be monitored by optical telescopes. Radio observations of air showers, pioneered in the 1960s, are presently experiencing a renais- sance and may revolutionise the field again. In the last 7 decades the research has seen many ups but also a few downs. However, the exam- ple of the Cygnus X-3 story demonstrated that even non-confirmable observations can have a huge impact by boosting new instrumentation to make discoveries and shape an entire scientific community.
    [Show full text]
  • The KASCADE-Grande Observatory and the Composition of Very High-Energy Cosmic Rays
    Journal of Physics: Conference Series PAPER • OPEN ACCESS Related content - Results from the KASCADE, KASCADE- The KASCADE-Grande observatory and the Grande, and LOPES experiments J R Hörandel, W D Apel, F Badea et al. composition of very high-energy cosmic rays - The KASCADE-grande experiment J Blümer, W D Apel, J C Arteaga et al. To cite this article: J C Arteaga-Velázquez et al 2015 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 651 012001 - Radio Emission in Atmospheric Air Showers: Results of LOPES-10 A Haungs, W D Apel, T Asch et al. View the article online for updates and enhancements. Recent citations - Cascade Photons as Test of Protons in UHECR V. Berezinsky et al - Full Monte-Carlo description of the Moscow State University Extensive Air Shower experiment Yu.A. Fomin et al This content was downloaded from IP address 129.13.72.197 on 23/10/2018 at 09:22 XIV Mexican Workshop on Particles and Fields IOP Publishing Journal of Physics: Conference Series 651 (2015) 012001 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/651/1/012001 The KASCADE-Grande observatory and the composition of very high-energy cosmic rays J.C. Arteaga-Vel´azquez1,∗, W.D. Apel2, K. Bekk2, M. Bertaina3, J. Bl¨umer2,4, H. Bozdog2, I.M. Brancus5, E. Cantoni3,6,a, A. Chiavassa3, F. Cossavella4,b, K. Daumiller2, V. de Souza7, F. Di Pierro3, P. Doll2, R. Engel2, J. Engler2, B. Fuchs4, D. Fuhrmann8,c, H.J. Gils2, R. Glasstetter8, C. Grupen9, A. Haungs2, D. Heck2, J.R. H¨orandel10, D. Huber4, T. Huege2, K.-H. Kampert8, D.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:1907.02335V1 [Astro-Ph.IM] 4 Jul 2019 Keywords: Big Data · Data Engineering · Astroparticle Physics · KAS- CADE · TAIGA · GRADLC
    Development of a Data Infrastructure for a Global Data and Analysis Center in Astroparticle Physics ? Victoria Tokareva1[0000−0001−6699−830X]??, Andreas Haungs1[0000−0002−9638−7574], Donghwa Kang1[0000−0002−5149−9767], Dmitriy Kostunin2[0000−0002−0487−0076], Frank Polgart1[0000−0002−9324−7146], Doris Wochele1[0000−0001−6121−0632], J¨urgenWochele1[0000−0003−3854−4890] 1 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Physics, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany 2 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany [email protected] Abstract. Nowadays astroparticle physics faces a rapid data volume increase. Meanwhile, there are still challenges of testing the theoreti- cal models for clarifying the origin of cosmic rays by applying a multi- messenger approach, machine learning and investigation of the phenom- ena related to the rare statistics in detecting incoming particles. The problems are related to the accurate data mapping and data manage- ment as well as to the distributed storage and high-performance data processing. In particular, one could be interested in employing such so- lutions in study of air-showers induced by ultra-high energy cosmic and gamma rays, testing new hypotheses of hadronic interaction or cross- calibration of different experiments. KASCADE (Karlsruhe, Germany) and TAIGA (Tunka valley, Russia) are experiments in the field of as- troparticle physics, aiming at the detection of cosmic-ray air-showers, induced by the primaries in the energy range of about hundreds TeVs to hundreds PeVs. They are located at the same latitude and have an over- lap in operation runs. These factors determine the interest in performing a joint analysis of these data.
    [Show full text]
  • Cosmic Ray Measurements with the KASCADE-Grande Experiment
    June 2009 Cosmic Ray Measurements with the KASCADE-Grande Experiment Presentations for the 31st International Cosmic Ray Conference, Łódź, Poland, July 2009 1. Results on the cosmic ray energy spectrum measured with KASCADE-Grande KASCADE-Grande Collaboration, presented by Andreas Haungs 2. Cosmic ray energy spectrum based on shower size measurements of KASCADE-Grande KASCADE-Grande Collaboration, presented by Donghwa Kang 3. The Energy Spectrum of Primary Cosmic Rays Reconstructed with the KASCADE-Grande Muon Data. KASCADE-Grande Collaboration, presented by Juan Carlos Arteaga-Velazquez 4. The all particle energy spectrum of KASCADE-Grande in the energy region 1016 - 1018 eV by means of the Nch - Nμ technique KASCADE-Grande Collaboration, presented by Mario Bertaina 5. Primary energy reconstruction from the S(500) observable recorded with the KASCADE-Grande detector array KASCADE-Grande Collaboration, presented by Gabriel Toma 6. Performance of the KASCADE-Grande array KASCADE-Grande Collaboration, presented by Federico Di Pierro 7. Muonic Component of Air Showers Measured by the KASCADE-Grande Experiment KASCADE-Grande Collaboration, presented by Daniel Fuhrmann 8. The sensitivity of KASCADE-Grande to the cosmic ray primary composition between 1016 and 1018 eV KASCADE-Grande Collaboration, presented by Elena Cantoni 9. A direct measurement of the muon component of air showers by the KASCADE-Grande Experiment KASCADE-Grande Collaboration, presented by Vitor de Souza 10. Study of EAS development with the Muon Tracking Detector in KASCADE-Grande KASCADE-Grande Collaboration, presented by Janusz Zabierowski 11. Lateral distribution of EAS muons measured with the KASCADE-Grande Muon Tracking Detector KASCADE-Grande Collaboration, presented by Pawel Łuczak 12.
    [Show full text]
  • The Extensive Air Shower Experiment Kascade-Grande
    July 13, 2011 12:18 WSPC/INSTRUCTION FILE S2010194511000183 Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics (CosPA 2008) International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series Vol. 1 (2011) 132–139 c World Scientific Publishing Company ! DOI: 10.1142/S2010194511000183 THE EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWER EXPERIMENT KASCADE-GRANDE a b a b b DONGHWA KANG ∗,W.D.APEL,J.C.ARTEAGA ,F.BADEA,K.BEKK, M. BERTAINAc,J.BLUMER¨ a,b,H.BOZDOGb,I.M.BRANCUSd,M.BRUGGEMANN¨ e, P. BUCHHOLZe,E.CANTONIc,A.CHIAVASSAc,F.COSSAVELLAa,K.DAUMILLERb, V. DE SOUZAa,F.DIPIERROc,P.DOLLb,R.ENGELb,J.ENGLERb,M.FINGERa, D. FUHRMANNf ,P.L.GHIAg ,H.J.GILSb,R.GLASSTETTERf ,C.GRUPENe, A. HAUNGSb,D.HECKb,J.R.HORANDEL¨ a,T.HUEGEb,P.G.ISARb,K.-H.KAMPERTf , D. KICKELBICKe,H.O.KLAGESb,Y.KOLOTAEVe,P.LUCZAK! h,H.J.MATHESb, H. J. MAYERb,J.MILKEb,B.MITRICAd,C.MORELLOg,G.NAVARRAc,S.NEHLSb, J. OEHLSCHLAGER¨ b,S.OSTAPCHENKOb,S.OVERe,M.PETCUd,T.PIEROGb, H. REBELb,M.ROTHb,G.SCHATZb,H.SCHIELERb,F.SCHRODER¨ b,O.SIMAi, M. STUMPERT¨ a,G.TOMAd,G.C.TRINCHEROg ,H.ULRICHb,J.VANBURENb, W. WALKOWIAKe,A.WEINDLb,J.WOCHELEb,M.WOMMERb,J.ZABIEROWSKIh aInstitut f¨ur Experimentelle Kernphysik, Universit¨at Karlsruhe, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany bInstitut f¨ur Kernphysik, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany cDiparimento di Fisica Generale dell’Universit`a, 10125 Torino, Italy dNational Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 7690 Bucharest, Romania eFachbereich Physik, Universit¨at Siegen, 57068 Siegen, Germany f Fachbereich Physik, Universit¨at Wuppertal, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany gIstituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, INAF, 10133 Torino, Italy hSoltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, 90950 Lodz, Poland iDepartment of Physics, University Bucharest, 76900 Bucharest, Romania ∗e-mail: [email protected] The extensive air shower experiment KASCADE-Grande (KArlsruhe Shower Core and Array DEtector and Grande array) is located on site of the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • LOFAR CRKSP Contributions 35Th ICRC 2017
    Contributions of the LOFAR Cosmic Ray Key Science Project to the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2017) A. Bonardi1, S. Buitink2, A. Corstanje1, H. Falcke1;3;4, B. M. Hare5, J. R. H¨orandel1;3, P. Mitra2, K. Mulrey2, A. Nelles1;6, J. P. Rachen1, L. Rossetto1, P. Schellart1;7, O. Scholten5;8, S. ter Veen1;4, S. Thoudam1;9, T. N. G. Trinh5, T. Winchen2 1 Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 2 Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium, 3 NIKHEF, Science Park Amsterdam, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 4 Netherlands Institute of Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands, 5 KVI-CART, University Groningen, P.O. Box 72, 9700 AB Groningen, 6 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697- 4575, USA, 7 Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA, 8 Interuniversity Institute for High-Energy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium, 9 Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linn´euniversitetet, 35195 V¨axj¨o, Sweden arXiv:1711.07749v1 [astro-ph.HE] 21 Nov 2017 Contents Cosmic ray mass composition with LOFAR .................... 3 Characterisation of the radio frequency spectrum emitted by high energy air showers with LOFAR ..................... 11 The effect of the atmospheric refractive index on the radio signal of ex- tensive air showers using Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) .. 19 Circular polarization in radio emission from extensive air showers ..... 27 Circular polarization of radio emission from extensive air showers probes atmospheric electric fields in thunderclouds.
    [Show full text]
  • KASCADE-Grande Measurements of Energy Spectra for Elemental Groups of Cosmic Rays
    32ND INTERNATIONAL COSMIC RAY CONFERENCE,BEIJING 2011 KASCADE-Grande measurements of energy spectra for elemental groups of cosmic rays D. FUHRMANN9,W.D.APEL1, J.C. ARTEAGA-VELAZQUEZ´ 2,K.BEKK1,M.BERTAINA3,J.BLUMER¨ 1,4, H. BOZDOG1, I.M. BRANCUS5,P.BUCHHOLZ6,E.CANTONI3,7,A.CHIAVASSA3,F.COSSAVELLA4,13, K. DAUMILLER1,V.DE SOUZA8,F.DI PIERRO3,P.DOLL1,R.ENGEL1,J.ENGLER1,M.FINGER4,P.L.GHIA7, H.J. GILS1,R.GLASSTETTER9,C.GRUPEN6,A.HAUNGS1,D.HECK1, J.R. HORANDEL¨ 10,D.HUBER4, T. HUEGE1,P.G.ISAR1,14, K.-H. KAMPERT9,D.KANG4, H.O. KLAGES1,K.LINK4,P.ŁUCZAK11,M.LUDWIG4, H.J. MATHES1, H.J. MAYER1,M.MELISSAS4,J.MILKE1,B.MITRICA5,C.MORELLO7,G.NAVARRA3,15, J. OEHLSCHLAGER¨ 1,S.OSTAPCHENKO1,16,S.OVER6,N.PALMIERI4,M.PETCU5,T.PIEROG1,H.REBEL1, M. ROTH1,H.SCHIELER1,F.G.SCHRODER¨ 1,O.SIMA12,G.TOMA5, G.C. TRINCHERO7,H.ULRICH1, A. WEINDL1,J.WOCHELE1,M.WOMMER1,J.ZABIEROWSKI11 1 Institut fur¨ Kernphysik, KIT - Karlsruher Institut fur¨ Technologie, Germany 2 Universidad Michoacana, Instituto de F´ısica y Matematicas,´ Morelia, Mexico 3 Dipartimento di Fisica Generale dell’ Universita` Torino, Italy 4 Institut fur¨ Experimentelle Kernphysik, KIT - Karlsruher Institut fur¨ Technologie, Germany 5 National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania 6 Fachbereich Physik, Universitat¨ Siegen, Germany 7 Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, INAF Torino, Italy 8 Universidade Sa˜o Paulo, Instituto de F´ısica de Sao˜ Carlos, Brasil 9 Fachbereich Physik, Universitat¨ Wuppertal, Germany 10 Dept. of Astrophysics, Radboud University Nijmegen,
    [Show full text]
  • Air-Shower Measurements with KASCADE-Grande
    2036-22 International Workshop: Quantum Chromodynamics from Colliders to Super-High Energy Cosmic Rays 25 - 29 May 2009 Air-shower measurements with KASCADE-Grande Andreas Haungs Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe G.M.B.H. Germany Air-shower measurements with KASCADE-Grande Andreas Haungs [email protected] QCD workshop, Trieste-Italy, May 09 Andreas Haungs 1 Cosmic Rays around the knee(s) EeV Knee PeV 2nd Knee ? Ralph Engel, 2004 LOPES KASCADE -Grande QCD workshop, Trieste-Italy, May 09 Andreas Haungs 2 What is the origin of the (first) knee? various theories: Diffusion Acceleration Interaction Unknown effects of Escape from our Reach of maximum interactions at the air- Galaxy by diffusion energy at the shower development E(knee) ~ Z acceleration E(knee) ~ Z E(knee) ~ A QCD workshop, Trieste-Italy, May 09 Andreas Haungs 3 extensive air showers Differences in the shower development give hints to primary energy and mass QCD workshop, Trieste-Italy, May 09 Andreas Haungs 4 Measurement Techniques of Air Showers energy ? mass ? direction ? interaction ? ! large number of observables ! multi- detector system QCD workshop, Trieste-Italy, May 09 Andreas Haungs 5 Experiment: KASCADE-Grande = KArlsruhe Shower Core and Array DEtector + Grande and LOPES Measurements of air showers in the energy range E0 = 100 TeV - 1 EeV QCD workshop, Trieste-Italy, May 09 Andreas Haungs 6 KASCADE : multi-parameter measurements - energy range 100 TeV – 80 PeV - up to 2003: 4!107 EAS triggers - large number of observables: ! electrons ! muons (@ 4 threshold energies)
    [Show full text]
  • Muon Size Spectrum Measured by KASCADE-Grande
    29th International Cosmic Ray Conference Pune (2005) 6, 301–304 Muon Size Spectrum measured by KASCADE-Grande £¢¥¤ § ¦ J. van Buren , T. Antoni ¡ , W.D. Apel , F. Badea , K. Bekk , A. Bercuci , M. Bertaina , £¢ § ¡ ¨ ¨ J. Blumer¨ , H. Bozdog , I.M. Brancus ¦ , M. Bruggemann¨ , P. Buchholz , A. Chiavassa , © § K. Daumiller , F. Di Pierro , P. Doll , R. Engel , J. Engler , F. Feßler , P.L. Ghia , ¨ ¡ H.J. Gils , R. Glasstetter , C. Grupen , A. Haungs , D. Heck , J.R. Horandel¨ , K.- £¢ ¨ H. Kampert , H.O. Klages , Y. Kolotaev , G. Maier , H.J. Mathes , H.J. Mayer , J. Milke , © § B. Mitrica ¦ , C. Morello , M. Muller¨ , G. Navarra , R. Obenland , J. Oehlschlager¨ , £¢ ¦ S. Ostapchenko , S. Over ¨ , M. Petcu , T. Pierog , S. Plewnia , H. Rebel , A. Risse , © ¦ ¡ ¦ M. Roth ¡ , H. Schieler , J. Scholz , O. Sima , M. Stumpert¨ , G. Toma , G.C. Trinchero , § H. Ulrich , S. Valchierotti , W. Walkowiak ¨ , A. Weindl , J. Wochele , J. Zabierowski , S. Zagromski and D. Zimmermann ¨ (a) Institut fur¨ Experimentelle Kernphysik, Universitat¨ Karlsruhe, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany (b) Institut fur¨ Kernphysik, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany (c) National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 7690 Bucharest, Romania (d) Dipartimento di Fisica Generale dell'Universita,` 10125 Torino, Italy (e) Fachbereich Physik, Universitat¨ Siegen, 57068 Siegen, Germany (f) Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, INAF, 10133 Torino, Italy (g) Fachbereich Physik, Universitat¨ Wuppertal, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany (h) Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, 90950 Lodz, Poland (1) on leave of absence from Nat. Inst. of Phys. and Nucl. Engineering, Bucharest, Romania (2) now at University Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, United Kingdom (3) on leave of absence from Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia Presenter: H.
    [Show full text]