NOTES ON THE LAUD GENEALOGIES.

The genealogical tract printed above p. 291 ff. appears to throw some light on the composition of the more extensive genealogical compilations which may be studied in LL, BB, and Rawl. B 502. The Laud tract, in the department of origin-legends, draws on early material not represented, or only partially re- presented, in these other collections. Especially to be noted are: the unrhymed poem by Luccreth moccu Chiara1) (p. 306), to whom is also here ascribed the rhymed poem *Ba mol Midend midlaige' (p.308);2) a fuller version (but apparently with in- corporated glosses) of this latter poem than that in BB 169 b; the story of Mosaulum etc. (see note, p. 309); the version of 'Oath Mucrama', p. 309; the origin-story of the Eoganachta,3) p. 312; the origin-story of Dal Cuinn, p. 313, indicating an early form of the legend of Mil, ancestor here not of all the Gaedhil but only of the race of Conn, who conquered the , with whom his ancestors had shared the sovereignty; the stories of Conall Core and of the Desi migration, p. 315, note 1 — the latter story dating from c. 750. The Laud tract is based in part on eighth century materials. It is a transcript from a source now lost, but some of the history

*) Author of a rhymed genealogical poem on the Eoganachta, 'Cu cen mathair maith in chland', BB173a, Bawl. B 502. Internal evidence shows this poem to date not earlier than the opening* years of the eighth century, and the surname-formula moccu Chiara can hardly he of later date than 750, if it can he so late. Luccreth = Luguqritos, see Macalister, Ir. Epigraphy, vol. ΙΠ, p. 53. 2) On p. 307, 1.34 we should read: Midend profetauuit diluninm hoc, ut Lucreth cecinit. 3) Cp. my argument as to their relatively late Gaulish origin, Irish Population-Groups, Proc. Â. Ι. Á., XXTX C 4, p. 73 note 5 and § 101. Unauthenticated Download Date | 4/19/16 8:36 PM 412 JOHN MACNEILL, of which can be traced, and from which LL and BB derived much of their parallel matter. Of all the genealogical groups treated in Laud 610, only those belonging to Middle and Eastern , a region of which is the centre, are elaborated into 'craeba coibniusa.'*) The late pedigrees also are exclusively confined to this region. The first and largest place (pp. 291—301), but without pedigrees, is given to Cenel nEog^ain. This sept, extending its control eastward and southward from Ailech, dominated the region of the Airgialla, including Armagh, from an early date in the ninth century until the seventeenth century.2) The Airgialla are treated in copious genealogical detail, with many late pedigrees, pp. 320—324. Pages 325 to 337 are devoted to the genealogical history of the East-Ulster dynasties, Dal Araidi and Dal Fiatach, also with late pedigrees. A brief section (300 1.30—301 1.17) is given to Cenel Conaill; much less to Sil nAeda Släne, 302, and to Cenel Maini, p. 324. The other Ui Neill septs and those of are not represented. The Lagin also are excluded, and Munster is re- - presented only by origin-stories and anecdotes. The following dates for pedigrees etc. are derived from the , which give special prominence to the affairs of Middle and Eastern Ulster. P. 294 1.21. 'Finit' denotes the latest point to which the Cenel nEogain dynasty of Ailech is traced. Dubgall mac Donn- chada -j- 979. Niall mac Mäilsechnaill f 1061. Murchad hua Flaithbertaig f 973.

*) The Irish genealogical lore comprises three chief classes of matter: (1) origin-legends; (2) the downward tracing of kindreds from a common ancestor — this part is called variously 'craeba coibniusa', 'duile sloindte', 'minugud senchasa', or 'craebscailiud senchasa' (hence the modern-word *craobhsgaoilead' = exposition etc.); (3) 'genelaige', pedigrees, in which the descent of an individual is traced backwards in a single line of male ancestors. Groups 1 and 2 are jointly called 'senchas', in Latin 'peritia'. The pedigrees are (1) those of the contemporary chiefs of septs at the time of original com- pilation, and (2) those of notable chiefs .or ecclesiastics of some earlier time. The first class supplies the dating criteria. To all this matter are frequently added poems and verses, as in the annals; regnal-lists and battle-lists; and anecdotal matter with reference to individual names. 2) See Irish Population-Groups § 166. . Unauthenticated Download Date | 4/19/16 8:36 PM NOTES OK r THE LAUD GENEALOGIES. 413 P. 300 1.19. 'Finit' marks an original ending of the Cenol nEogain section. Between this and Cen61 Conaill, a later redactor has inserted (1.20—29) some particulars of the family of Ua Brolchäin (see 1. 5). This insertion is copied in the same order in BB 69 a 46. The surname Ua Brolchäin (anglicized to Bradley) is still frequent in a district in the south of county, nearly midway between the ancient ecclesiastical cities .of Derry and Armagh. The family gave two abbots to Derry, a bishop to Armagh and a prior to lona. Mäel Brigde, 'primsaer Erenn', •j- 1029. Mäel Isu, the religious poet, f 1086. It is perhaps worth noting that Mäel Choluim Ua Brolchäin was bishop in Armagh (1107—1122) about the time of the latest items that can be dated in this tract. Mor, daughter of Dub Inse (1.26) gave birth to Mäel Muire in 963 (AU 962). Mäel Muire, abbot of Armagh 1001—1020, was father of Dub Da Leithe, abbot of Armagh 1049—1060 or 1064, to whom O'Curry ascribes the lost Book of Dub Da Leithe. The Annals of Ulster quote this Book three times: at 962, where also they enter (from the same source?) the birth of abbot Mäel Muire; at 1003 (see editor's note, p. 512); and at 1021; each time in reference to the affairs of Cenel nEogain, the Airgialla, the , and Dal Araidi, whose genealogies form nearly all the more fully and lately developed portions of the Laud tract. The insertion of the Ua Brolchäin section after the f Finit' of the Cenel nEogain section, to which Muinter Brolchäin belongs, may reasonably be ascribed to Dub Da Leithe, who would thus have recorded his own descent, through his grandmother Mor, from kings of Ailech and of . P. 301, Cenel Conaill: Murchad mac Flaithbertaig, 'king of Cenel Conaiir, f 766. Mael Doraid floruit c.900 or earlier, see AU 961 and note. 'Muinter Mail Doraid' is of course some generations later. P. 302, Sil nAeda Släne: Donnchad mac Donnchada f 1012. P. 322, Ui Bressail : Cumuscach, comarba Patric, m. Domnaill m. Cuinn m. Eredain, BB 144 col. 2, = Cumuscach hua hErodan, rival of Dub Da Leithe for the abbacy of Armagh 1060, f 1074. Allowing a generation to elapse, his brother's grandson, Flaithbertach of the pedigree, floruit c. 1100—1140. P. 322, Ui Nialläin: Flaithbertach hua hAnluain, ri Hua Nialläin, f 983. Unauthenticated Download Date | 4/19/16 8:36 PM 414 JOHN MACNEILL, P. 322, Gland Chernaig: Cernach mac Suibne, equonimus [oeconomus] Airdd Machae, f 783; Cumuscach mac Cernaig, equo- nimus Airdd Machae, f 816; Ailill mac Cumuscaig, rex Locha Gal, f 848; Cumuscach mac Ailello, equonimus Airdd Macha, •J- 908. Hence Cumuscach mac Cernaig, the younger, floruit probably c. 1100. Gland Chernaig thus appears to have been the dynastic sept of a small territory quite close to Armagh — 'Loughgall' is about five miles northeast from Armagh — and to have held the succession to the office of oeconomus at Armagh. P. 323, Ui Echach Airgiall: The first pedigree belongs to the subsept Ui Sinaig, who held the succession to the abbacy of Armagh for many generations. *) Dub Da Leithi mac Sinaich, abbas Aird Machae, f 792. Mael Muire mac Eochada, comarba Patraic, f 1020. Amalgaid f 1049. (Dub Da Leithi mac Mael Muire, comarba Patraic. f 1064.) Mael Isu (mac Amalgada 1064) comarba Patraic -j- 1091. Aed mac Mail Isu .i. mac comarba Patraic f 1095. Cellach (mac Aeda LL 334, BB 113 col. 2) comarba Patraic -j-1129; (born 1080, brother of Echaid mac Aeda). P. 323, Genelach Fernmaige: Donnacan mac Fogertaig, king of Fernmag, f 881. The date of Lethlobor should be c. 1050. P. 323, Sil nDaimenp]: Becc mac Cumuscaig f 782. Mac Leigind mac Cairill, king of Airgialla, f 1022. P. 324: Mathgamain mac Laidgnen, ri Fernmuigi, -j· 1022. P. 324, Sil Colla Uais (race of Fiachra Tort = Ui Tuirtri): Conchobar hua Domnallain, king of Ui Tuirtri, f 1016. Muire- dach hua Flainn, ri Hua Tuirtre (= Muiredach m. "M-uircliertaig m. Floind, BB 113 a44), f 1059, (brother to Muirecän the younger, 1.17). P. 324, Fir Thethbai2): Becc mac Conlai, ri Tethbae f 770.

*) St. Bernard, in his life of St. Malachy, who visited him at Clairvaux in 1139 and died at Clairvaux in 1148, denounces the Ui Sinaig succession, which, he says, lasted for about fifteen generations, and included * eight married men, without orders, but learned'. He gives many interesting particulars about the last three abbots of this line, Celsus (Cellach), Mauricius (Muircher- tach), and Nigellus (Niall); all based on the statements of St. Malachy and other visitors from Ireland, contemporaries of these men. 2) This section is misplaced. It belongs to the Ui N6ill. We* may perhaps suppose that a scribe, directed to insert here the Ui Maini of Connacht, who were held to be a branch of the Airgialla, inserted Cenel Maini m. Neill by mistake. Unauthenticated Download Date | 4/19/16 8:36 PM NOTES ON THE LAUD GENEALOGIES. 415 (Tadgän, four generations later, c. 900.) Lachtnän mac Mail Ciarain, rex Tethbai, f 893. P. 329, 1.20, Dal Fiatach: Congal Cennf'ota mac Dunchado, rex Uloth, f 673. (Dernman, two generations later, c. 700—750.) P. 330, 1.14: Becc Bairche f 717; Ms sons, Dubthach f 711, Oengus f 729. The Latin note, 1.18, must have arisen from two distinct marginal glosses, of which the second 'vel quinque filii' belongs to the following passage. In BB (166b26) the two glosses are run together as here. There, however, the first gloss is far separated from its text, which ends at 166 a 38. The intervening matter is not in the Laud tract. Clearly then, the mixing of the glosses occurred in a MS. which was a source common to BB and Laud 610. A later MS., from which the BB tract is derived, carried on the genealogy from the sons of Becc Boirche (1.18 = BB 166 a 38) down to i Madadan mac Aeda, athair Ard- gail, (is uada sen in rigraid' (166 b 26). Cp. p. 336, 1.26. The BB added text here speaks of the dynasty descended from Matudän, and probably dates from not long before 1177, when De Courcy overthrew the kingdom of the Ulaid. The added portion was inserted above the twofold gloss, which the scribe took as referring altogether to the succeeding sentence. In BB as in Laud 610, the two glosses, incorporated in the text, are followed by 'Ceithri maic Feic' etc. P. 335, 1.12 [Dal Araidi]: Donnchad hua Loingsig, king of Dal Araidi, f 1003. P. 336, 1.1: lugulatio Cathusaig filii Ailello, regis Cruithne, 748. Read 'm. Dünlainge (cuius filius Cü Chüa- räin) m. Scandail (cuius filius Congal Caech) m. Becce' etc. (see LL332a, AU 627, 645). P. 336, Ui Echach Coba: Mael Bresail mac Ailello, rex Cobo, f 824. Cernach mac Maele Bresail, rex Cobo, f 852. (Congalach = c. 1000.) Becc Baue mac Echach -f 748. Aed hua hAtid, ri Hua nEchach, f 966. Echmilid hua Atid, ri Hua nEchach, -j-1005. (Thence may be dated the floruit of Flaith- bertach.) P. 336, L 26 [Ülaid, or Dal Fiatach]: Ardgar mac Matudain, ri Ulad, f 969. Eochaid (sic) mac Ardgair, ri Ulad, f 1003.0

*) From B6cc Bairche f 717 to Eochu mac Ardgair f 1003, nine gene- rations = 286 years. Unauthenticated Download Date | 4/19/16 8:36 PM 416 JOHN MACNEELL·, The terminal dates fall into four main groups: 1. An early, chiefly eighth century, group, corresponding to the older narrative matter. 2. A group about 975—1000. 3. A small group about 1050. 4. A small group about 1100—1125. Groups 1 and 2 may be regarded as forming the main original text, drawn up ^ about the close of the tenth century. Groups 3 and 4 do not, indicate a fresh compilation, and are sufficiently accounted for, if we suppose them to represent matter inserted in tjie MS. of the older text, or in a transcript. Group 4 comprises Ui Bressail Macha and Gland Chernaig, p. 322, and Ui Echach Airgiall, p. 323. They are almost consecutive, and the foregoing notes show that they are intimately associated with the ecclesiastical affairs of Armagh. The frequent use of Latin bespeaks an ecclesiastical redactor, rather than a genealogist of the secular school of filid. To sum up, the general indications are that from a genea- logical compilation drawn up at the close of the tenth century and embodying transcripts from much older sources, a selection \vas made at Armagh of the portions of greatest local interest. The time of this selection would be that of group 3, which represents additions then made. The MS. into which this selection was transcribed was most probably the Book of Dub Da Leithe. Group 4 would represent later and purely local additions made in the MS., which was preserved at Armagh. The MS., with these additions, was the source of the Laud tract. It was also one of the sources of the genealogical tracts in LL and BB, as will be evident from the following table. Comparative Table of the Pedigrees. Laud 610 BB LL 322 Lorcän 113 col. 2,13. End different. 334. End same. Flaithbertach 114 col. 4,1. End same. „ m. Aeda Garbid 115 col. 2,25. End same. „ Gillacrist Omitted. „ Dub Emna „ „ Cinaed „ Unauthenticated Download Date | 4/19/16 8:36 PM NOTES OK THE LAUD GENEALOGIES. 417 Laud 610 BB LL Flaithbertach 114 col. 2. End same. End same. m. Diarmata Cummascach 115 col. 3. Different. „ 323 Echaid m. Aeda 113 col. 2. Cellach m. Aeda. As in BB. Murchad „ End same. End same. m. Euadri Orcnechän Omitted. „ Domnallän n n Lethlobor 113b7. End same. . „ Becc 114 col. 4. Different. „ Flandgus 114 col. 1. End same. „ Mac Loigind 324 Dondacän Mathgamain Eochaid Gilla Coluim 115 b. Different. 338. Conchobar Omitted. Omitted. Muirecän 113 a 43. Different. Maelruanaid Omitted. Tadgän 82 b, col. 1. Different Lachtnän Omitted. 335. End same. 334 Cu Allaid » 331. 335 Donnchad 167 b. End same. 332. 336 Cathassach 168 a. „ Congalach Mall Bec Baue Flaithbertach Different. Aed End same. Eochu 167 b. 335. Different. P. 329, 1.9, Domongart mac Predae = Domangort mac Proede BB 165 b 39. For the second name cp. 'Seacht mete Fergusa meic Enna .i. Cathbad espoc ocus Praed (etc.)'; (secht meic Praedae'; BB 167 a 37, 43. This name, found in East-Ulster genealogies, is probably Pictish or British. It seems to survive in the surname O'Prey' which I have met from the Dal Fiatach district, the maritime parts of the . Cp. Coisenmech nepos Predeni rex nepotum Echdach Ulaith (sic e= UnauthenticatedEchach Download Date | 4/19/16 8:36 PM 418 JOHN MACNEILL·, Uloth), AU 783; Artur filius Bicoir Pretene, Imram Brain, p. 84; .Pralene or Praedene, BB 167 b 1,2 (grandson of Domongart mac Pr[o]edae).0

a) 'Secht mate Domanguirt, cui Bonan Laech filius est demediae (sic) parte, pars vero altera Monannan mac Lir fuit similis, nam pt [t over p] illis duobus Bonan .i. a leath c[h]inn go bonn la ceachtar nai, des re Domangort, tuas ri Manannan. Findtan ingen Findcain mate Faithgin de Uib Cronain di Conaillib a mathair Konain, cui dixti Mananuan: Tofil in matin n-uairgloin diambiat fir man armaig ise Manannan mac Lir comai[n]m in Ar dotarlaig. Tri (sic) maic Bonain .i. Fingin Faelbe Maelduin Predene Fiachra.' BB 167 a 46. Cp. Imram Brain, p. 43. Bonan's date should be c. 600. His greatgrand- daughter Hoiriu was the wife of Ailill Ardae, king of the of Glenn Gemin (f 702 AU). Their daughter Ailbene was wife of Domnall, king of Ireland 742—762. Her son Donnchad, king of Ireland 769—797, was born in 733. BB167b9,12 (cp. 286 a4, 5).

Dublin. JOHN MACNEILL.

I take this opportunity of correcting the following mistakes in the text printed above pp.291—338, to many of which John Mac Neill has drawn my attention. P.291, 1.20, Findsail, sic MS., as if 'White-heel'; but the name is rather Find Fail. P. 296, 1.20, instead of Läroin Ratvl.502, p. 891 has Laisreän. P. 301, 1. 5, read Lugaid Cuingi[d], 1. 6, read Colum, Doi 1.21, read Tec[h]tmair, derbratha[t]r 1.26, for Aess read tess 1.34, read Mosenoc Mognai P. 302, 1.8, read Diarmait Ruanaid P. 303, 1.29, read Ailella, mac do Fiachw 1.32, read (Läre), Fidach P. 304, 1.19, read dec domonnai ('secular'). Unauthenticated Download Date | 4/19/16 8:36 PM NOTES ON THE LAUD GENEALOGIES. 419 P. 305, 1.18, for 7 Hui Neill (sic MS.) read .i. Hui Neill 1.19, read senathar. Kogabsat P. 307, 1.34, read diluuium hoc, ut Lucreth .cc. P. 308, 1. 7, for dllegad (sic MS.) read dllgud 1.27, read Ba moo dicridu Eochu &c. 1. 38, read marc[h]athu P. 319, 1.14, for 7 hUi Neill (sic MS.) read .i. liui Neill 1.20, for [Dubruig] read [Dub] P. 320, 1. 29, before Locha Febail insert [Cäirthinn] P. 322, 1.16, for Claridir LL has Ciaroduir P. 323, 1.3, for Landacain Rawl. lias Fiannacan P. 324, 1.13, for Duibflanaig Rawl. has Duibsinaig P. 330, 1. 2, read: Mselcoba [i] cassail [chro] crochis Congal Cendfota, 7 ba cosmail a dath ri brat roros do Dünchad. P. 331, 1. 4, for Duib read d'Uib P. 333, 1.15, read: Bätar cadain for clEr cliu, clär ndess, geisi for suidiu P. 334, 1. 32, read a1 [Fjothardaib Fe P. 336, 1.2, for Bsethain Rawl. lias Baetän 1.6, for Certaig Rawl. and LL have Ecertaig P. 337, 1.1, for credit read cre[di]dit KM.

Unauthenticated Zeitschrift f. celt. Philologie VHI. Download27 Date | 4/19/16 8:36 PM