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Design of Pressure Vessle (Air Bottle)

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Design of Pressure Vessle (Air Bottle) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH IN EMERGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME-4, ISSUE-1, JAN-2017 E-ISSN: 2349-7610 Design of Pressure Vessle (Air Bottle) N.V.Mahesh Babu.T1, Nersu Radhika2, Dr.P.Srinivasa Rao3 and Dr.B.Sudheer Prem Kumar4 1Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus, Ibrahimpatnam, Telangana 501 506, [email protected]. 2Assistant Professor, H & S Department, Sri Indu College of Engineering and Technology, Ibrahimpatnam, Telangana 501 506. 2 [email protected]. 3 Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering,Al-Habeeb College of Engineering and Technology,Chevella, Telangana, [email protected] 4Professor & Chairman(Board of Studies) Mechanical Engineering, JNT University,Hyderabad, Telangana 500 085, [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT This is a paper that presents the design of a pressure vessel (Air Bottle). High pressure rise is developed in the pressure vessel and pressure vessel has to withstand severe forces. In the design of pressure vessel safety is the primary consideration, due the potential impact of possible accident. There have a few main factors to design the safe pressure vessel. This writing is focusing on analyzing the safety parameter for allowable working pressure. The cylinder is designed by considering the pressure, temperature and other constraints. Analysis of strength is made analytically and validation is done by ANSYS model and analysis. Keywords — Air bottle, ASME Code, Finite Element Analysis, ANSYS, Design for Fatigue. 1. INTRODUCTION 2. TYPE OF STRESS INDUCED IN VESSELS Pressure vessels are containers for containment of pressure, Generally there are two types of stresses induced. They are either internal or external. The pressure can be obtained circumferential stress and longitudinal stress. Even shear stress externally or internally from different sources, by applying are induced but most of the times these can be negligible. heat from a direct or indirect source, or by combination Circumferential Stress A tensile stress acting in a thereof. Depending upon the usage and requirements which direction tangential to the circumference then it is called use pressure vessel which is suitable for an organisation. Circumferential stress.s[1] These tanks can either be used to store fluids or gases. We can Note: circumferential stress is also known as hoop stress use a Pressure Vessel in many ways. We can use it either as a storage device or a transportation device for example transportation of petrol, diesel, etc. Fig 3: Circumferential stress on a cylinder Fig 4: Longitudinal Stress on a cylinder Here σr2=longitudinal stress Fig 1: A cylindrical pressure vessel with toroidal end caps In this case Fig 2: Composite overwrapped pressure vessel with titanium Total force acting on the transverse section = intensity of liner pressure * cross sectional area = p*(π/4 *d*d) Total resistance force acting = σr2*π*d*t VOLUME-4, ISSUE-1, JAN-2017 COPYRIGHT © 2017 IJREST, ALL RIGHT RESERVED 6 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH IN EMERGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME-4, ISSUE-1, JAN-2017 E-ISSN: 2349-7610 We know that σr2*π*d*t=p*(π/4 *d*d) Titanium 95 from above equation σr =p*d/4t Vanadium 2.5 2 Applications Excellent cold formability, 20•50% higher By considering all the factors, three materials are likely tensile properties than CP titanium grades. Primarily used in suitable to the conditions of pressure vessel aircraft hydraulic systems. ● Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) Annealed Properties Metric ● Titanium Ti-3Al-2.5V Alpha Annealed Density 4.48 g/cc ● Aluminium 7075 Brinell Hardness 256 Knoop Hardness 278 ● Aluminium 2024-T4 Ultimate Tensile Strength 620 MPa ● Steel 15CdV6 Yield Tensile Strength 500 MPa Elongation at Break 15% ● AISI Type 304 Stainless Steel (AISI • American Iron and Modulus of Elasticity 100 GPa Steel Institute) Poisson's Ratio 0.3 Fatigue Strength 170 MPa for Kt (Stress Properties of the materials mentioned above Concentration Factor) = 1.8 1. Ti•6Al•4V (Grade 5) Annealed Fracture Toughness 100 MPa•m1/2 Sub Category Alpha•Beta Titanium alloy, Non•Ferrous Shear Modulus 44 GPa Melting Point Max 1700 OC Metal, Titanium Alloy 3. Aluminium 7075•T6 Composition Sub Category 7000 Series Aluminium Alloy, Non•Ferrous Component Weight Percentage (Wt %) Metal Aluminium (Al) 6 Iron (Fe) Max 0.25 Composition Oxygen (O) Max 0.2 Component Weight Percentage (Wt Titanium (Ti) 90 %) Vanadium (V) 4 Aluminium (Al) 87.1 • 91.4 Applications: Blades, discs, rings, airframes, fasteners, Chromium (Cr) 0.18 • 0.28 components. Vessels, cases, hubs, forgings. Biomedical Copper (Cu) 1.2 • 2 Iron (Fe) Max 0.5 implants Magnesium 2.1 • 2.9 Properties Metric Manganese Max 0.3 Density 4.43 g/cc Silicon (Si) Max 0.4 Brinell Hardness 334 Titanium (Ti) Max 0.2 Knoop Hardness 363 Zinc (Zn) 5.1 •6.1 Ultimate Tensile Strength 950 MPa Other, each Max 0.05 Yield Tensile Strength 880 MPa Other, total Max 0.15 Elongation at Break 14% Applications Aircraft fittings, gears and shafts, fuse parts, Modulus of Elasticity 113.8 GPa meter shafts and gears, missile parts, regulating valve parts, Ultimate Bearing Strength 1860 MPa worm gears, keys, aircraft, aerospace and Poisson's Ratio 0.342 defense applications; bike frames, all terrain vehicle (ATV) Fatigue Strength 240 Mpa for Kt (stress sprockets. concentration factor) = 6.7 Fracture Toughness 75 MPa•m1/2 Properties Metric Density 2.81 g/cc Shear Modulus 44 GPa Brinell Hardness 150 Ultimate Shear Strength 550 MPa Knoop Hardness 191 Melting Point 1604 • 1660 OC Ultimate Tensile Strength 572 MPa Yield Tensile Strength 503 MPa Annealing Temperature 700 • 785 OC Elongation at Break 11% 2. Titanium Ti•3Al•2.5V Alpha Annealed Modulus of Elasticity 71.7 GPa Sub Category Alpha/Near Alpha Titanium Alloy, Nonferrous Ultimate Bearing Strength Poisson's Ratio 0.33 Metal, Titanium Alloy Fatigue Strength 159 MPa Composition Shear Modulus 26.9 GPa Melting Point 477 • 635 OC Component Weight Percentage (Wt Annealing Temperature 413 OC %) 4. Aluminium 2024•T4 Aluminium (Al) 3 VOLUME-4, ISSUE-1, JAN-2017 COPYRIGHT © 2017 IJREST, ALL RIGHT RESERVED 7 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH IN EMERGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME-4, ISSUE-1, JAN-2017 E-ISSN: 2349-7610 Sub Category 2000 Series Aluminium Alloy, Non•Ferrous Carbon (C) 0.12 • 0.18 Metal Phosphorous (P) Max 0.020 Silicon (Si) Max 0.20 General 2024 characteristics and uses (from Alcoa): Good Vanadium (V) 0.20 • 0.30 machinability and surface finish capabilities. A high strength Manganese (Mn) 0.08 • 1.1 Sulphur (S) Max 0.015 material of adequate workability. Has largely superceded 2017 Chromium (Cr) 0.25 • 1.5 for structural applications. Molybdenum (Mo) 0.80 • 1.00 Iron (Fe) Bal Uses: Aircraft fittings, gears and shafts, bolts, clock parts, computer parts, couplings, fuse parts, hydraulic valve bodies, Properties Metric missile parts, munitions, nuts, pistons, rectifier parts, worm Specific Gravity 7.8 g/cc gears, fastening devices, veterinary and orthopaedic Tensile Strength 700 • 1250 MPa equipment, structures. Hardness 207 • 363 Yield Strength 550 • 930 MPa Composition Fracture Toughness 155 • 200 MPa Component Weight Percentage (Wt %) 6. AISI Type 304 Stainless Steel (AISI • American Iron and Aluminium (Al) 90.7 • 94.7 Steel Institute) Sub Category Ferrous Metal, T 300 Series Chromium (Cr) Max 0.1 Stainless Steel, Heat Resisting Copper (Cu) 3.8 • 4.9 Iron (Fe) Max 0.5 Composition Magnesium (Mg) 1.2 • 1.8 Component Weight Percentage (Wt %) Manganese (Mn) 0.3 • 0.9 Carbon (C) Max 0.08 Silicon (Si) Max 0.5 Chromium (Cr) 18 • 20 Titanium (Ti) Max 0.15 Iron (Fe) 66.345 • 74 Zinc (Zn) Max 0.25 Manganese (Mn) Max 2 Other, each 0.05 Nickel (Ni) 8 • 10.5 Other, total Max 0.15 Phosphorous (P) Max 0.045 Sulphur (S) Max 0.03 Properties Metric Silicon (Si) Max 1 Density 2.78 g/cc Austenitic Cr•Ni stainless steel. Better corrosion resistance Brinell Hardness 120 than Type 302. High ductility, excellent drawing, forming, and Knoop Hardness 150 Ultimate Tensile Strength 469 MPa spinning properties. Essentially non•magnetic, becomes Yield Tensile Strength 324 MPa slightly magnetic when cold worked. Low carbon content Modulus of Elasticity 73.1 GPa Ultimate Bearing Strength 814 MPa means less carbide precipitation in the heat•affected zone Poisson's Ratio 0.33 during welding and a lower susceptibility to intergranular Fatigue Strength 138 MPa Shear Modulus 28 GPa corrosion. Melting Point 502 • 638 OC Applications beer kegs, bellows, chemical equipment, Annealing Temperature 413 OC coal hopper linings, cooling coils, cryogenic vessels, 5. Steel 15CdV6 evaporators, flatware utensils, feedwater tubing, flexible metal Alloy 15CDV6 is a low carbon steel which combines a hose, food processing equipment, hospital surgical high yield strength (superior to SAE 4130) with good equipment, kitchen sinks, marine equipment and fasteners, toughness and weldability. 15CDV6 can be readily welded nuclear vessels, oil well filter screens, refrigeration equipment, with very little loss of properties during welding and without paper industry, pots and pans, pressure vessels, the need for further heat treatment. sanitary fittings, valves, shipping drums, textile dyeing Applications This alloy finds many applications in the equipment, tubing. aerospace and motorsports industries in such components as Properties Metric roll cages, pressure vessels, suspensions, rocket motor casings, Density 8 g/cc Brinell Hardness 123 wish bones and subframes. Knoop Hardness 138 Composition Ultimate Tensile Strength 505 MPa Yield Tensile Strength 215 MPa Component Weight Percentage (Wt Elongation at Break 70% %) Modulus of Elasticity 193 • 200 GPa VOLUME-4, ISSUE-1, JAN-2017 COPYRIGHT © 2017 IJREST, ALL RIGHT RESERVED 8 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH IN EMERGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME-4, ISSUE-1, JAN-2017 E-ISSN: 2349-7610 Poisson's Ratio 0.29 Now by assuming diameter we find length Shear Modulus 86 GPa ITERATION 1 Melting Point 1400 • 1455 OC Assuming diameter = 20 cm 3.
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