Central University of Kashmir Nowgam, Srinagar, J&K-190015 www.cukashmir.ac.in MCR-C 201 Hinduism (Part - 2): Later Developments Unit I Medieval Sectarianism External Influences Emergence of Devotional Sects Bhakti Movements Course Title: Hinduism (Part - 2): Later Developments Course Code: MCR- C 201 Department: Religious Studies Year: 2016 Contributor’s Name: Aamir Habib Email:
[email protected] Contact: Department of Religious Studies, CUK, Srinagar, Nowgam, Campus II. Cell: +918491023566 Designation: Assistant Professor CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF KASHMIR HINDUISM (PART - 2): LATER DEVELOPMENTS Unit I Section A, B and C Medieval Sectarianism, External Influences and the Rise of Devotional Sects Note: Sections A, B and C are interconnected, therefore these sections will be discussed together. Introduction Modern Hinduism is divided into different devotional sects and the major ones are Vaishnavism, Shaivism and Shaktism. Alhough Vaishnavism, Shaivism and Shaktism are the most prevalent Hindu sects; among these, Vaishnavism is the largest. The devotional sects do not generally regard other sects as rivals, and each sect freely borrows beliefs and practices from others. As the Vedic god Rudra gained importance from the end of the Rig-vedic period, in the Svetashvatara Upanishad, Rudra is for the first time called Shiva and is described as the creator, preserver, and destroyer of the universe. His followers are called on to worship him with devotion (bhakti). The tendency for the laity to form themselves into religious guilds or societies—evident in the case of the yaksha cults, Buddhism, and Jainism—promoted the growth of devotional Vaishnavism and Shaivism. These local associations of worshipers appear to have been a principal factor in the spread of the new cults.