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Description of the Santa Cruz Quadrangle

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Description of the Santa Cruz Quadrangle DESCRIPTION OF THE SANTA CRUZ QUADRANGLE. By J. C. Braimer, J. F. Newsom, and Ralph Arnold. ) . = INTRODUCTION. allelism is less marked, or is absent, in the minor Drainage. The streams on the northeast side of tion of the geologic events, as recorded in the rocks, relief. The main ridge of the group within the the main watershed flow into the Bay of San Fran­ is made possible by the widespread distribution of Most of the work on the geology of this quad­ area is known as Castle Rock Ridge along the cisco; on the west side they descend directly into certain geologic bench marks, such as characteristic rangle was done during the summer months of boundary between Santa Clara and Santa Cruz the Pacific Ocean. The largest hydrographic basin faunas and formations. Correlations between the 1892 to 1904. During that time much assistance counties, but the same ridge toward the northwest in the quadrangle is that of San Lorenzo River, Coast Ranges and other geologic provinces, the was received from the instructors and the students corner of the quadrangle is known as Cahil Ridge. which enters the ocean at Santa Cruz and has a Sierra Nevada for instance, are extremely difficult in Leland Stanford Junior University. This ridge is situated nearer to the Santa Clara drainage area of 126 square miles. The next and hazardous because the history of each province The work has at all times been done under the Valley than to the sea; it runs southeast and north­ smaller hydrographic basins are those of Pescadero is more or less distinct, though obviously related in personal direction of Mr. Branner or Mr. Newsom. west across the entire quadrangle and is the main Creek, with an area of 60 square miles, and San regions of juncture. Most of the work in the Santa Clara Valley region watershed of the range. It forms an escarpment Gregorio Creek, which has an area of 52 square The Santa Cruz quadrangle is characteristic of ' has been done by Mr. Branner or under his imme­ with a steep northeastern slope, bordered by the miles. The mouths of these two streams are sepa­ the Coast Ranges in general as regards geologic diate direction. Mr. Newsom has directed the line of valleys lying along the San Andreas fault rated by only 4 miles of coast. formations and, in a measure, topography as well, work in a large part of the region west of line; to the southwest, from the ridge's summit the The streams on the west side of the range have but in respect to vegetation and certain features of the Stevens Creek fault. The diabase area near general slope of the country toward the ocean is cut back rapidly into the soft sediments which form topography dependent on the humidity of the Langley Hill was mapped chiefly by Mr. Arnold, comparatively gradual, though the region is cut by the mass of the mountains, so that the lower parts region it is quite different from many of the ranges and the descriptions of the petrography of this and many deep gulches, formed by the streams heading of their channels are already fairly well graded. farther south or farther inland. The broader fea­ the other crystalline rocks were written by him. near the watershed and flowing directly to the sea. San Lorenzo River reaches the 500-foot level about tures of the history are the same throughout the Mr. Arnold also mapped the marine Quaternary The highest point in the range within the 2 miles above the town of Boulder Creek that is, coastal belt, however, so that the descriptions fol­ and terraces. The description of the Purisima area of the map is Stanford Peak, on Castle Rock about 16 miles from the mouth of the river. San lowing may be applied in general to the whole formation is in part by Mr. Arnold and in part by Ridge, 4 miles southwest of Saratoga; it. has an Gregorio Creek reaches the 500-foot level about 9 region from San Francisco south to the region of Mr. Newsom. All paleontologic work, except where elevation of a little more than 3200 feet. Both miles from its mouth, while the 500-foot level on northern Santa Barbara County. otherwise specified, has been done by Mr. Arnold. east and west of this point many of the main peaks Pescadero Creek is reached about 14 miles above its ROOKS OF THE QUADRANGLE. rise higher than 2000 feet, and several are more mouth. The larger streams west of the range GEOGRAPHY. than 2500 feet in height. San Loreuzo, San Gregorio, Pescadero, and Wad- Sedimentary rocks, consisting of conglomerates, Little relation is apparent between the topo­ dell creeks are all perennial. sandstones, and shales, of pre-Cretaceous, Creta­ Location. The Santa Cruz quadrangle proper graphic features of the quadrangle and the geologic East of the main watershed the basins of the ceous, Tertiary, and Quaternary age, are exposed lies between latitudes 37° and 37° 30' north and structure. Exceptions to this rule may be noted, streams flowing into the Bay of San Francisco are in the Santa Cruz quadrangle, the relative areas of longitudes 122° and 122° 30' west, but a strip of however, in the cases of Ben Lomond Mountain, smaller than those west of the range. The largest which are shown on the map. There are also two country south of latitude 37°, around the town of Butano Ridge, and Castle Rock Ridge, and of the of them are the San Francisquito Creek basin, with occurrences of diorite of importance and some minor Santa Cruz, is shown on the maps and covered by valleys along certain of the important fault lines. an area of 37 square miles, and the Stevens Creek areas of schist and limestone. In addition, dia­ the descriptions of this folio, because it is too small Ben Lomond Mountain has been formed by the basin, with an area of 28 square miles. bases, lavas, and tuffs are of considerable impor­ to form a quadrangle by itself. The whole area is upward tilting of a granitic block along the Ben The largest streams on the east side of the range tance in the central part of the quadrangle and in here referred to as the Santa Cruz quadrangle. Lomond fault, forming a mountain with a sharp are Stevens Creek, San Francisquito Creek, and the region adjacent to Stanford University. Small The total land area shown on the map is 712 escarpment toward the northeast and a long, gentle Campbell Creek. These streams are perennial only areas of travertine are associated with the latter square miles; the water area, including that in a slope toward the southwest. Butano Ridge is an in their upper portions. In summer and autumn rocks locally. strip 4 miles wide extending east and west across anticlinal ridge formed by massive sandstone, the they disappear soon after they emerge from the The formations above the basement complex the quadrangle south of latitude 37°, covers 332 axis of the Butano anticline, a northwest-southeast foothills upon the plain, the water entering the of granitic rocks, schists, and limestone consist of square miles. Near the northeast corner of the flexure, being parallel with and about one-fourth gravels that underlie the Santa Clara Valley. the following: Franciscan, probably of upper quadrangle is the southeast end of the Bay of San mile north of the axis of the ridge. In its more The water from a portion of the San Francis­ Jurassic age; Knoxville, Lower Cretaceous; Chico, Francisco, covering an area of 15 square miles. prominent part Castle Rock Ridge is formed by quito drainage basin is caught in Searsville Lake. Upper Cretaceous; limestone inclusions of Eocene The quadrangle is situated entirely in California, massive sandstone which has been compressed into To the northwest, near the north boundary of age; Butano and San Lorenzo, Oligocene; Vaque­ and includes parts of four counties San Mateo, sharp anticlinal and synclinal folds immediately the quadrangle and in the San Audreas fault valley, ros, lower Miocene; Monterey, middle Miocene; Santa Cruz, Santa Clara, and Alameda. west of the San Andreas fault. The lines of the is Crystal Springs Lake, from which San Francisco Santa Margarita, upper Miocene; Purisima, upper Relation to Coast Range and Pacific Ocean. major faults of the quadrangle, viz, the Butano draws a part of its water supply. Miocene to middle Pliocene; Merced and Santa The part of California in which the Santa Cruz fault, the Ben Lomond fault, and the San Andreas Where the streams debouch upon the plain of Clara, upper Pliocene and lower Quaternary; and quadrangle lies is commonly known as the Coast fault, are marked by more or less continuous val­ Santa Clara Valley they are characterized by broad Quaternary deposits. Of these the most important Ranges. This region is characterized by a series leys. Some small valleys also have their directions alluvial fans of such low relief that their form can are the Franciscan, Knoxville, Chico, Butano, of parallel mountains and valleys that follow the controlled by the San Gregorio fault. hardly be more than suggested by the 100-foot Vaqueros, Monterey, and Purisima. Fossils char­ Pacific coast from 35° to about 41° north latitude, The areas in the quadrangle underlain by the contour interval of the topographic map. San acteristic of the various formations in the quadrangle just north of Cape Mendocino. These mountains formations from the Quaternary down to the base Francisquito Creek flows along the crest of a ridge are figured on illustration sheet 2. The following and valleys have a general direction of N.
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