Magisterarbeit / Master's Thesis

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Magisterarbeit / Master's Thesis MAGISTERARBEIT / MASTER’S THESIS Titel der Magisterarbeit / Title of the Master‘s Thesis „Bildungsauftrag Ikarus – Die Rolle von Streaming- Portalen als journalistische Grenzgänger“ verfasst von / submitted by Nadja Elaine Schuitz, BA angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Magistra der Philosophie (Mag.phil.) Wien, 2019 / Vienna 2019 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / A 066 841 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt / Publizistik- und Kommunikationswissenschaft degree programme as it appears on the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: Univ.-Prof. Folker Hanusch, PhD 2 DIE ROLLE VON STREAMING-PORTALEN ALS JOURNALISTISCHER GRENZGÄNGER Eidesstattliche Erklärung Ich erkläre hiermit an Eides Statt, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit selbstständig und ohne Benutzung anderer als der angegebenen Hilfsmittel angefertigt habe. Die aus fremden Quellen direkt oder indirekt übernommenen Gedanken sind als solche in jedem Einzelfall kenntlich gemacht. Die Arbeit wurde bisher in gleicher oder ähnlicher Form keiner anderen Prüfungsbehörde vorgelegt und auch noch nicht veröffentlicht. Wien,13.01.2019 ____________________________________ Nadja Schuitz 3 DIE ROLLE VON STREAMING-PORTALEN ALS JOURNALISTISCHER GRENZGÄNGER Abstract Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit setzt sich mit der Rolle von Streaming-Portalen bei der Auflösung journalistischer Grenzen und der Einordnung neuer Formate auseinander. Ziel der empirischen Untersuchung ist es, mithilfe einer offenen Gruppendiskussion zu analysieren, inwieweit RezipientInnen Dokumentationen auf Streaming-Portalen als journalistische Inhalte wahrnehmen. Hierfür wurden drei Realgruppen mit jeweils vier bis fünf Teilnehmern betrachtet, deren Alter zwischen 18 und 25 Jahren liegt. Die Ergebnisse schaffen neue Perspektiven auf die aktuelle Medienlandschaft, besonders auf das Konkurrenzverhältnis öffentlich-rechtlicher Sender und kommerzieller Streaming-Portale und stellen am Beispiel der Netflix-Dokumentation Ikarus heraus, dass ihre Inhalte als journalistisch bewertet werden können. Doch obwohl öffentlich-rechtliche Sender weiterhin stärkere Assoziationen zu qualitativem Journalismus hervorrufen, zeigt sich eine Veränderung am Medienmarkt: Zukünftig könnten sich Streaming-Portale wie Netflix als glaubwürdige journalistische Quelle etablieren, öffentlich-rechtliche Sender langfristig aus der Medienlandschaft verdrängen und zunehmend Einfluss als Massenmedium einer neuen Generation gewinnen. Hier zeigt sich deutlich die aktuelle Relevanz dieser empirischen Betrachtungsperspektive. Schlüsselwörter: Grenzgänger, journalistische Qualität, öffentlich-rechtlicher Rundfunk, Video on Demand, abonnementbasierte Dienste, Netflix, ARD This study constitutes an investigation of the role of streaming media in the dissolution of journalistic boundaries and the classification of new formats. The objective of the empirical research is to analyze to what extent viewers perceive documentaries as journalistic content. Therefore, data was collected by means of an open group discussion. Thus, three groups with four to five participants between the age of 18 and 25 were consulted. The study’s findings shed light on new perspectives of the current media landscape, particularly on the competition 4 DIE ROLLE VON STREAMING-PORTALEN ALS JOURNALISTISCHER GRENZGÄNGER between public broadcasters and commercial streaming portals: It shall therefore be noted that the Netflix documentary Ikarus is rated as journalistic content. Although public broadcasters still trigger a stronger association with qualitative journalism, a shift in the media market is visible. In the future, streaming portals such as Netflix could establish themselves as a credible journalistic source, become a replacement of public broadcasters in the long-term and also increasingly gain influence as a mass medium for a whole new generation. This clearly shows the current relevance of this empirical perspective. Keywords: boundaries of journalism, journalistic quality, public broadcasting, video on demand, subscription-based-services, Netflix, ARD 5 DIE ROLLE VON STREAMING-PORTALEN ALS JOURNALISTISCHER GRENZGÄNGER Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Einleitung .................................................................................................................................. 8 Theorie .................................................................................................................................... 10 Grenzgänger im Journalismus ...................................................................................... 10 Zwischen Informationsmüll und Glaubwürdigkeit .......................................... 10 Journalistische Form des Dokumentarfilms ..................................................... 15 Public Value als öffentlich-rechtlicher Bildungsauftrag .................................. 18 Streaming-Portale im Wandel des Journalismus ......................................................... 20 Eingeschränkter Zugang als Qualitätsindikator ............................................... 20 Neue Entwicklung des Medienmarktes ............................................................ 22 Forschungsfragen ................................................................................................................... 26 Methode .................................................................................................................................. 28 Auswahlbegründung der qualitativen Methode der offenen Gruppendiskussion ........ 28 Auswahlbegründung der Diskussionsstimuli ............................................................... 30 Netflix-Dokumentation Ikarus ......................................................................... 30 ARD-Dokumentation Geheimsache Doping – Wie Russland seine Sieger macht .............................. 31 Zeitungartikel Der Bildungsauftrag ist cool ..................................................... 32 Begründung der Gruppenbildung ................................................................................. 32 Analyse mittels der dokumentarischen Methode nach Bohnsack ................................ 33 Reflektierende Analyse ................................................................................................ 33 Auswertung der Gruppe A ............................................................................... 33 Auswertung der Gruppe B ................................................................................ 48 Auswertung der Gruppe C ................................................................................ 62 Komparative Analyse ................................................................................................... 70 Wahrnehmung der Netflix-Dokumentation Ikarus .......................................... 70 Wahrnehmung der ARD-Dokumentation Geheimsache Doping – Wie Russland seine Sieger macht .............................. 73 Wahrnehmung des Angriffs auf die Kernkompetenz des öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunks ..................................................................... 77 Ergebnisdarstellung ............................................................................................................... 82 Dargestellte Personen als Indikator für Glaubwürdigkeit ............................................ 82 Erwartungshaltung gegenüber der Medienmarke determiniert Glaubwürdigkeit ........ 84 Netflix erfüllt Aspekte des Public Value ..................................................................... 85 Conclusio ................................................................................................................................. 89 Ausblick .................................................................................................................................. 91 6 DIE ROLLE VON STREAMING-PORTALEN ALS JOURNALISTISCHER GRENZGÄNGER Anhang .................................................................................................................................... 94 Formulierende Interpretation nach Bohnsack .............................................................. 94 Leitfaden der Gruppendiskussion .............................................................................. 110 Abbildungsverzeichnis ......................................................................................................... 113 Literaturverzeichnis ............................................................................................................ 114 7 DIE ROLLE VON STREAMING-PORTALEN ALS JOURNALISTISCHER GRENZGÄNGER Einleitung Er rutscht unruhig auf seinem Schreibtischstuhl herum, seine grauen Augen blicken ernst durch dicke Brillengläser. Dann presst er die Lippen fest aufeinander und schluckt schwer, bevor er sich zurücklehnt und mit fester rauer Stimme sagt: „Sie dopen alle. Jeder Einzelne von ihnen.“ Die Filmaufnahmen zeigen Don Catlin, Gründer des Olympic Analytical Laboratory (UCLA), eine der Schlüsselfiguren in einem der größten Doping- Skandale Russlands. Es sind Bilder über Korruption, Betrug und internationaler Netzwerke, die bis in politische Ebenen reichen – aber sind diese Bilder Teil eines wahr gewordenen Thrillers oder journalistische Inhalte (Seppelt, 2014)? Diese Überlegung bildet den Rahmen der vorliegenden Forschungsarbeit, die sich mit folgender
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