Marine Protected Area As an Entry Point to ICRM
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REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG Masinloc at a Glance Coral Reef Demonstration Site Masinloc, Zambales 9 Total land area of 33,150 hectares Philippines 9 Total coastal length of 42.2 km 9 Marine Protected Area of 7,560 hectares declared under NIPAS Act 9 11 of 13 barangays are located in coastal areas Establishing a Network of 9 Inhabited by 46,210 Masinloqueños Small-Scale Marine Sanctuaries 9 26% of the Masinloquenos depend coastal resources for food and income at Masinloc, Philippines Mangroves Coral Reefs Seagrass Area 261 ha in 1998 Nearly 40% (24 8 seagrass species declined to 177 ha in genera) of total coral found at 6 main 2005 species recorded in locations Mr. Jessu E. Edora South China Sea found 82.9 ha require Thalassia, Enhalus in Masinloc Mayor of Masinloc, Zambales, Philippines rehabilitation and Halophila dominate Critical habitat for fished species REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG Fish Catch Trendline •Increased in Coastal Population •Increased migration •Increased number of fishers •Proliferation of Illegal fishing – sodium Threats to Coastal Resources of Masinloc cyanide 90.0 83.3 83.3 80.0 Kawil • Sedimentation due to coastal development, lack of erosion 70.0 Lambat control programs, and industrial activities (coal and chromite) 60.0 • Pollution from domestic and industrial (oil spill) wastes Pana 52.5 50.0 • Decreased water quality due to high feeds residue in fish cages 42.5 40.0 41.3 • Illegal fishing – blast fishing, use of sodium cyanide and use of fine mesh net 30.0 22.5 23.0 • Overfishing 20.0 18.3 20.0 13.8 14.4 10.0 9.0 5.8 8.0 4.8 2.83.8 0.0 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG A need for … Objective: A. To demonstrate sustainable community-based marine Integrated Approach to Coastal sanctuaries network B. To develop adaptive management strategies and coordination Resource Management through monitoring and performance MPA networks C. To enhance coral reef and their adjacent mangrove areas Marine Protected Area D. To regulate and manage reef uses in surrounding reef areas as an entry point to Outcome: 1. Enhanced sustainability of coral reef adaptive co-management with the government and community-based stakeholders as seen ICRM in the implementation and their adjustment in the implementation of management plans, the performance of management bodies with regular allocation budget REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG Achievements - Masinloc Coral Reef Site Participatory Coastal –3 new MPAs established with: Resource Assessment -Basic Marine Ecology Legal basis – barangay ordinance and SB Resolutions Community Marine and -Coastal Resources Management Plans Coastal Environment Management Options Education Operational Management Councils -Consensus building on which Logistic support from the LGU e.g. honorarium of law options could be adopted enforcers, gasoline, etc. Initial Site Identification Equipment and facilities e.g. guardhouse, spotlight, Initial delineation of boundaries Community Consultation/s binoculars, cellphones, etc. -Implementing rules and regulations with penalties MPA Network established MPA Planning -Management body Legitimisation -Activities (habitat enhancement, law enforcement, information campaign, monitoring and evaluation, Implementation livelihood, sustainable financing REVERSING ENVIRONMENTALBani MPA DEGRADATION TRENDS REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH50 CHINAhectares SEA including AND GULF buffer OF THAILAND zone OrganisationalIN THE Structure SOUTH CHINA ofSEA EachAND GULF MPA OF THAILAND 31.8%WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG hard coral cover WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG Brgy Council 161 fish per 250 sq. m. 10.9 mt per sq. km. BFARMC (Chairman) Secretary Treasurer Auditor Taklobo Farm MPA Enforcement Monitoring I.E.C Livelihood Financial Committee Committee Committee & Management 42% hard coral cover Capability Committee Building 275 fish per 250 sq.m. Committee San Salvador MPA Roles and Functions and Composition 40.8 mt per sq. km. 127 hectares To conduct Conduct fish To present the Support Submit 33.5% hard coral cover patrolling within visual census status report to training needs financial status Panglit MPA 24 hours every 6 months the Brgy of members of report and to 273 fish per 250 sq. m. Council, LGU the MPA team generate funds and CRMO for the Members: Members: 20 hectares management 41.3 mt per sq. km. •Bantay •Brgy Members: •SK of MPA Dagat Council Members: •BFARMC 33.2% hard coral cover •Volunteer •CRMO •Brgy Sec. chairman Members: •BFAR •MPA Sec. •D.A. •Brgy Treas. 126 fish per 250 sq. m. •DENR •NGO •BFARMC 4.1 mt per sq. km. Treas. REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS REVERSINGIN THE SOUTH ENVIRONMENTAL CHINA SEA ANDDEGRADATION GULF OF THAILAND TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND IN THE SOUTH CHINAWWW.UNEPSCS.ORG SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG Establishment of the Social Network of Small-sized Masinloc Marine Sanctuary Association MPAs in Masinloc (MMSA) MPA Network Orientation Panglit MPA Bani MPA San Salvador MPA Taclobo MPA Convergence of MPA Officers MPA Network Planning Scaling Up MPA Plans to Municipal Level through the Municipal CRM Code General Assembly Coordination in Law Enforcement Regular Meetings of MPA President Streamlining Operations through enhanced coordination among Vice-President MPA committees Sustaining MPA Operations after Organization of the MMSA Treasurer Secretary the Project Law Solid MPA Livelihood Reforestation Finance IEC Enforcement Waste Development REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG Community Consultations Fish and Coral Cover Monitoring Boundary Delineation and Buoy Installations Giant Clam Seeding REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG The Masinloc Experience Objective: • Each new sanctuary was established on the basis of existing laws and management was strengthened within respective management body • B. To help build local co-management • Regular meetings were convened amongst the sanctuaries to share capacities and strengthen law enforcement experiences and to discuss mechanisms for cooperation and coordination, capabilities of Bantay dagat (sea wardens) e.g., law enforcement, IEC. personnel together with the establishment of • Barangay Ordinance declaring each sanctuary was elevated to the Municipal Level through the CRM Code which captures not only the cooperative coordination systems sanctuary but the management plan of all municipal waters • The need to organise the network into an association was raised to sustain the initiatives of the Demonstration Site by being able to raise funds for the Outcome: maintenance of the sanctuaries • 2. Maintained health of reefs and their • Constant coordination with the Local Government Unit is being done to sustain the support and activities in each of the MPAs associated ecological goods and services • Availability of support from other agencies i.e. BFAR, DENR, UPMSI, etc. based on participatory impact monitoring and evaluation REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG CRM Planning Achievements – CRM Board created – CRM Plan Formulated – CRM Code Enacted – MPA Network formed and made functional – Paralegal training conducted – PAMB Endorsements received Paralegal Training – PAMB members involved in the project implementation – Linkage and close coordination between LGU, Pos and NGAs established through the CRM Board REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG Objective: Achievements • C. To conduct and implement livelihood – Pilot sea cucumber grow out culture tested support mechanisms by determining the – Livelihood center established (display center for potential alternative and/or supplemental novelty items) livelihood options and establishing – Training on alternative livelihoods conducted appropriate guidelines/policies for reef – Exposure trip to sea cucumber grow out culture stewardship/ pens in Bolinao conducted – Feasibility of sea cucumber culture studied Outcome: – Livelihood options workshop conducted – Micro-finance provided to small entrepreneurs in • 3. Improved quality life of fisher stakeholders Masinloc as indicated by an increase in supplemental – Business planning workshop conducted incomes derived from reef stewardship