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Presence of Cucurbit Viruses in Ankara and Antalya Province and Molecular Characterization of Coat Protein Gene of Zucchini Yell

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Presence of Cucurbit Viruses in Ankara and Antalya Province and Molecular Characterization of Coat Protein Gene of Zucchini Yell Presence of cucurbit viruses in Ankara and Antalya province and molecular characterization of coat protein gene of zucchini yellow mosaic virus turkish isolates Serife Topkaya, Cecile Desbiez, Filiz Ertunc To cite this version: Serife Topkaya, Cecile Desbiez, Filiz Ertunc. Presence of cucurbit viruses in Ankara and Antalya province and molecular characterization of coat protein gene of zucchini yellow mosaic virus turkish isolates. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 2019, 28 (4), pp.2442-2449. hal-02154657 HAL Id: hal-02154657 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02154657 Submitted on 12 Jun 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. © by PSP Volume 28 ± No. 4/2019 pages 2442-2449 Fresenius Environmental Bulletin PRESENCE OF CUCURBIT VIRUSES IN ANKARA AND ANTALYA PROVINCE AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF COAT PROTEIN GENE OF ZUCCHINI YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS TURKISH ISOLATES Serife Topkaya1,*, Cecile Desbiez2, Filiz Ertunc3 1Gaziosmanpasa Universty, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, 60000 Tokat, Turkey 2INRA, UR407 Pathologie Végétale, Domaine Saint Maurice, F-84143 Montfavet, France 3Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, 061100 Ankara, Turkey ABSTRACT tares with a production of 28.448.118 tons [1]. The southern part of Turkey, especially Antalya prov- Cucurbits are widely grown vegetables in dif- ince, is the main and most intensive vegetable- ferent provinces of Turkey. However their produc- growing area. However cucurbit production is re- tion is restricted by pests and pathogens including stricted by different plant virus infections. Zucchini different plant viruses, among which Zucchini yel- yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) is one of the most low mosaic virus (ZYMV) is particularly damaging. economically important viruses of cucurbit crops Infections by this virus during the early stages of worldwide, including in Turkey [2, 3, 4]. ZYMV plant development causes deformation of fruits and was first isolated from a zucchini squash plant in significant yield losses. During 2009-2014, 221 Northern Italy in 1973 [2, 5] and was later reported cucurbits samples were collected from fields and as a major cucurbit virus in the world. The virus greenhouses from different provinces of Turkey. causes very severe mosaic, mottling, deformations Serological testing was performed by double anti- on leaves and fruits of the infected cucurbit plants body sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent [2, 6] and affects the yield and quality of the crops: assay (DAS-ELISA) for presence of Watermelon infected plants are reduced in-size and their fruits mosaic virus (WMV), ZYMV, Cucumber mosaic are often deformed and unmarketable. One of the virus (CMV), Papaya ring spot virus (PRSV), cu- main features of ZYMV is the great biological cumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) and variability among strains whereby differences in Squash mosaic virus (SqMV). For molecular ana- host range as well as symptoms severity can be laysis of ZYMV, full-length CP nucleotide se- expected [7]. quences were obtained for 45 ZYMV isolates and ZYMV is a member of the genus Potyvirus in compared with sequences from worldwide isolates the family Potyviridae. It has a positive sense-single available in databases. The CP coding regions of stranded RNA of about 9.5 kb [8]. So far, more than Turkish ZYMV were 837 nt long and encoded 279 500 ZYMV sequences are available in GenBank, amino acids (aa). Forty two isolates from different mostly CP-coding regions. Three major molecular regions were classified in the molecular subgroup groups of ZYMV have been defined in the World, A1, the most frequent in the Mediterranean Basin, namely Group A, Group B, and Group C. Group C Europe and Africa. Three isolates collected from contains isolates from Vietnam and China, Group B Antalya region were classified in subgroup A4 and was observed in Reunion Island and in Australia, showed 99 % sequence identity with isolates from whereas Group A is present worldwide [7,9]. With- the same subgroup that have emerged recently in in Group A, three clusters (clusters 1±3) were origi- France. nally defined [10], and three others, namely clusters 4±6, containing mostly isolates from China and Korea, were distinguished later when the number of KEYWORDS: sequences available increased [9]. In the Mediterra- Coat protein, Cucurbit viruses, Molecular variability, nean Basin, cluster A1 was observed in France Zucchini yellow mosaic virus since 1979, as well as in Spain, Portugal, Tunisia, Turkey, Israel, Syria, and Jordan [7, 10]; cluster A2 was observed in Italy since 1973 [10],Tunisia [11], INTRODUCTION Jordan and France since 1979; cluster A3 was de- tected in Spain and South-eastern France. In addi- Vegetable production has a great economic tion to these three clusters, surveys have revealed importance in Turkey. According to the FAO the presence of clusters 4 and 5 insouth-eastern (2014), vegetable cultivated area is 808.000 hec- France since 2004, probably in relation to recent 2442 © by PSP Volume 28 ± No. 4/2019 pages 2442-2449 Fresenius Environmental Bulletin introductions, and their current emergence in that ZYMV-infected plants modified the protocol de- area [7]. scribed by Astruc et al. [15]. Forty-five samples In Turkey, Turkish ZYMV isolates cluster A1 were selected from different hosts and geo-graphic was reported from Adana and Mersin provinces [10, locations. Thirty±three samples were cho-sen from 12, 13]. Whether other clusters are also present in collected samples during the surveys and nine Turkey remains unknown. The aim of this research ZYMV isolates added from Konya, Karaman and was thus to characterize the molecular variability of Aksaray, collected in 2009-2010, were supplied by ZYMV Turkish isolates and investigate the pres- Dr. Serkan Yesil (Selcuk University, Agricultural ence of emerging strains. Faculty, Plant Protection Department). Three sam- ples collected from only one field in Burdur prov- ince for moleculer analysis in 2014. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total RNA extraction was made according to Astruct et al. [15]. For the complementary DNA Collection of virus isolates. During the years synthesis (cDNA), a mix of 2 μl total RNA, 1μl 2010-2014, a total of 221 samples were collected random KH[DPHUSULPHU ¶-d(NNNNNN)-¶1 * from cucurbit plants (squash, pumpkin, cucumber, A, T or C)(10μ) and 8 μl distilled water were heat- melon and watermelon) from $QNDUD 1DOOÕKDQ ed at 65°C for 5 min then stored on ice for 3 min %H\SD]DUÕ&XEXN6HUHIOLNRFKLVDU*|OEDVÕ.D]DQ before being added to the reverse transcription mix: $\Dú $QNDUD 8QLYHUVity (AUZF) and Antalya 4μl MMLV buffer (5X), 0,2 mM dNTP (25 mM), .XPOXFD 'HPUH (OPDOÕ 6HULN $NVX SURYLQFHV 0,25 μl RNAse inhibitor (10u/μl), 0,25 μl MMLV of Turkey. Surveys were conducted in Ankara prov- (Reverse transcriptase- (Thermo Fisher Scien- ince at open fields during the summer seasons in tific)(20-20u/μl) and distilled water in a final vol- 2010-2014 and the samples from Demre, Kumluca, ume of 20μl. The mix was incubated for 5 minute at Aksu, Serik districts were collected from green- 25 ºC, 1 h at 37 ºC and 10 minute at 72 ºC in a house- grown cucurbits in winter in 2011-2012. Biometra T1 Thermocycler. Antalya-(OPDOÕ VDPSOHV were collected from open PCR reactions were carried out in a volume of fields in 2010-2014 summer time. 25 μl containing 2,5 μl of cDNA, 10 pmol each Samples were collected from plants showing primer ZYCP-F 5'-AGAGGCTATYTGCGCTGC- severe systemic mosaics, vein banding, stunting, 3' and ZYCP-R 5'- TAAAGCTTCCGACAGG- blister, and deformations on fruits and leafs of ACTAC-3' [16] 10 mm dNTPs, 1,5mM MgCl2 and infected plants. Major simptoms of melon were 2,5u Taq DNA polymerase (Promega). The primer mottling, leaf deformation and samples collected pair amplifies a nucleotide segment of 1260 bp from greenhouses in Demre, Aksu, Serik and LQFOXGLQJ SDUWLDO 1,E JHQH IXOO &3 JHQH DQG ƍ- Kumluca districts showed mosaic, stunting and NCR. PCR conditions are a first denaturation at yellowing symptoms on leaf and mottling on fruit, 94°C for 5 min, followed by 35 cycles of 94°C for blistering of leaf and mottling on fruits on squash. 30 sec, 55°C for 45sec and 72°C for 30 sec, and a final elongation step at 72°C for 7 [16]. The PCR DAS-ELISA test. All collected samples were products were visualized by electrophoresis on tested by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked 1,2% agarose gel and investigated by gel imaging immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) [14] for the system of Sygene (UK), before being sent for direct presence of ZYMV and other viruses: Cucumber sequencing with forward and reverse primers to mosaic virus (CMV, Cucumovirus), Watermelon GENOKS company (Turkey). mosaic virus (WMV, Potyvirus), Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV, Potyvirus), Cucumber green mottle Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic mosaic virus (CGMMV, Tobamovirus) and Squash analysis. The sequences obtained with forward and mosaic virus (SqMV, Comovirus). The test was reverse primers were assembled with CAP3 soft- applied according to manufacturer's instructions ware [17]. Complete CP-coding sequences of (Loewe Biochemica GmbH-GERMANY). Absorb- ZYMV isolates were compared to those of refer- ance values were measured at 405 nm using an ence isolates belonging to the main ZYMV molecu- ELISA reader. The examples used as a positive lar groups as defined by Lecoq and Desbiez [7]. CP control were provided from antisera mDQXIDFWXUHU¶V nucleotide sequences were aligned with those of and healthy cucurbit plants were used as negative reference isolates (Table 2) with ClustalW included control.
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