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Cladopelma Kieffer from Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: )1

Chuncai Yana Xinhua Wanga, *

aCollege of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin, P. R. China 300071

*E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

The genus Cladopelma Kieffer from Sino-Indian region including three species is reviewed. One new species, C. costa sp. n. is described and illustrated from males. The males of C. edwardsi (Kruseman) and C. virescens (Meigen) from China are re-examined. C. sibaabeus (Sasa) from Japan and C. indica Bhattacharyay, Duta & Chaudhuri from India are regarded as synonym novum of C. edwardsi. C. onogawaprima Sasa is identified as synonym novum of C. hibaraprima Sasa and transferred C. hibaraprima to the genus Cryptotendipes as a new combination. Cladopelma kamalanagari Maheshwari & Agarwal from India is transferred to genus Paracladopelma as a new combination. The generic diagnosis for males is emended. A key to known males in the world is given.

Keywords: Cladopelma, new species, new combination, synonym novum, Sino-Indian Region

Introduction

The genus Cladopelma is a member of the Harnischia generic complex. Lenz (1941) erected Cryptocladopelma, but no type species was designated and the genus is a nomen nudum. Sæther (1977) synonymized the genus with Cladopelma Kieffer (1921) with Chironomus virescens Meigen, 1818 as its type species. The genus is easily distinguished from other genus in Harnischia generic complex by the elongate, bended, usually partially constricted and pointed gonostylus, often bearing setae and microtrichia anal point, greatly reduced superior volsella and absence of inferior volsella. To date, the genus is comprised of 20 species worldwide, of which several are widely distributed. 12 species have been recorded from Palaearctic Region, 8 from Nearctic Region, 4 from Oriental Region, 1 from Afrotropical Region, 1 from Australasian Region, and 1 from Neotropical Region

1 Support by Funds of Education Ministry in trainning Doctor (20030055004) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)

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(Freeman & Cranston 1980, Cranston & Martin 1989, Oliver et al. 1990, Maheshwari & Agarwal 1993, Sasa & Kikuchi 1995, Spies & Reiss 1996, Sæther et al. 2000, Chaudhuri et al. 2001, Yan et al. 2005, Yamamoto 1997). Carew et al. (2005) studied cytochrome oxidase I markers to differentiate Australian Cladopelma and showed the genus may contain up to 4 species in Australia, however, a full taxonomic investigation will be required to determine the morphological type. Before this study, in Sino-Indian region, there were 10 species of Cladopelma have been reported (Chaudhuri et al. 2001; Hashimoto et al. 1981; Maheshwari & Agarwal, 1993; Makarchenko et al. 2005; Sasa & Kikuchi 1995; Wang 2000, Yamamoto, 1997; Yan et al. 2005). Chaudhuri et al. (2001) listed 1 species from India (C. indica); actually, Maheshwari & Agarwal (1993) published another species from India (C. kamalanagari). So far, 2 species were recorded from India. Hashimoto et al. (1981) recorded Harnischia viridulum from Thailand, Yamamoto (1997) considered it belong to Cladopelma edwardsi. Makarchenko et al. (2005) listed 5 species from Russian Far East (C. edwardsi; C. goetghebueri; C. krusemani; C. virescens; C. viridulum). Yamamoto (1997) revised the genus Cladopelma from Japan and recorded 4 species (C. edwardsi; C. viridulum; C. hibaraprima; C. onogawaprima). Yan et al. (2005) transferred Cryptotendipes sibaabeus to genus Cladopelma. Wang et al. (1977) described C. edwardsi as Harnischia virescens from Hubei Province in China. Later, Wang et al. (1991) transferred it to the genus Cladopelma and recorded C. virescens. Thus, up to now, two male species of Cladopelma have been recorded from China (Wang 2000). The larva of C. viridulum was recorded from several provinces of Palaearctic China (Yan et al. 1977, Xie et al. 1984, Wang 1987, Xie 1988). Wang & Wang (1991) recorded a larva of C. fridmanae (Chernovskij, 1949) from Liaoning Province. Based on the material from Sino-Indian Region, we review the genus Cladopelma, one new species is described. An emended generic diagnosis and a key to the males of all known species are provided.

Material and Methods The bound of Sino-Indian region followed by Banarescu (1992), which includes whole Oriental region and part of southeast Palaearctic region in traditional zoogeographic delimitation.

Prof. P.K. Chaudhuri and Dr. A. Mazumdar, Burdwan University, India loaned the type specimen of C. indica Bhattacharyay, Duta & Chaudhuri, which collected in India by Guha, D (No. 138). Dr. A. Shinohara, National Science Museum (Nat. Hist.), Tokyo, Japan provided four type specimens from Japan. The type material from China is deposited in the Department of Biology, Life Science College, Nankai University, China (BDN).

The morphological nomenclature follows Sæther (1980) with the additions and corrections given by Sæther (1990). The material examined was mounted on slides following the procedure outlined by Sæther (1969). Measurements are given as ranges followed by a mean when there are two or more measurements, followed by the number measured (n) in parentheses.

Key to males of Cladopelma Kieffer 1. Anal tergite IX with lateral lobes ... 2

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Anal tergite IX without lateral lobes ... 3

2. Lobe with setae apically; AR 2.0, LR1 1.25 ... C. goetghebueri Spies & Sæther, 2004 (Palaearctic, Sino-Indian)

Lobe bare apically, AR 2.4, LR1 1.6 ... C. spectabilis (Townes, 1945) (Nearctic) 3. Tergite IX extended with a swelling over parts or whole base of anal point ... 4 Tergite IX not extended over anal point ... 7 4. Anal point with a large bare carina basally ... C. costa sp. n. (Palaearctic, Oriental, Sino-Indian) Anal point without bare carina basally ... 5 5. Swelling hood-like, anal point rounded apically ... C. galeator (Townes, 1945) (Nearctic) Swelling not hood-like, anal point peaked apically ... 6 6. Superior volsella big, thumb-like, AR 2.5 ... C. krusemani (Goetghebuer, 1935) (Palaearctic, Sino-Indian) Superior volsella quite small, reduced as a tuber, AR 2.0-2.1 ... C. bicarinatum (Brundin, 1947) (Palaearctic) 7. Margins of tergite IX extended as a large shoulder on each side of anal point ... 8 Margins of tergite IX not extended as a large shoulder on each side of anal point ... 10 8. Shoulder produced from mid tergite IX ... C. collator (Townes, 1945) (Nearctic) Shoulder formed as whole tergite IX ... 9 9. Gonostylus with basal projection, each mid leg with 1 spur ... C. forcipes (Rempel, 1939) (Neotropical, Nearctic) Gonostylus without basal projection, each mid leg with 2 spurs ... C. edwardsi (Kruseman, 1933) (Holarctic, Oriental, Sino-Indian) 10. Tergite IX with a pair of process on posterior margin flanking base of anal point, anal tergite bands H-shaped ... C. virescens (Meigen, 1818) (Palaearctic, Sino-Indian) Tergite IX without process on posterior margin flanking base of anal point, anal tergite bands not H-shaped ... 11 11. Basal part of anal point with a high, knife-like carina ... C. viridulum (Linnaeus, 1767) (Holarctic, Sino-Indian) Basal part of anal point without such a carina ... 12 12. Base of anal point lightly truncated, without obvious ridge extending to tergite IX ... C. amachaerus (Townes, 1945) (Nearctic) Base of anal point cone-shaped, with obvious ridge extending to tergite IX ... 13 13. Anal point slightly constricted basally, gonostylus rounded apically ... C. inflexum (Freeman, 1957) (Afrotropical) Anal point strongly constricted basally, gonostylus pointed apically ... 14

14. Superior volsella slightly swollen mesally, AR 2.8.3.0, LR1 1.42.1.48 ... C. subnigrum (Brundin, 1947) (Palaearctic)

Superior volsella slightly constricted mesally, AR 2.0, LR1 1.8 ... C. curtivalva (Kieffer, 1917) (Australasian).

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Species Descriptions

Cladopelma costa sp. n. (Figs. 1A-C) Material examined: Holotype: male (BDN no. 06495), CHINA: Shaanxi Province: Xiangcheng County, Zhouzhi County, Banfangzi, 10 Aug. 1994, light trap, W. BU. Paratype 3 males (BDN no. 1535; 08258; 04430): 1 male data as for holotype; 1 male: Chongqing City, Nanchuan City, Sanquan, 10 May 1986, X. WANG; 1 male: Gansu Province, Tianshui City, Xiaolongshan Dangchuan, 1450 m a.s.l., 7 Oct. 1993, light trap, W. BU. Diagnostic characters: The new species is easily distinguished from known species in the genus by reduced and bare superior volsella; anal point flanked basally by a distinct high bare ridge apophysis; and mid swollen gonostylus. Etymology: From Latin costa, ridge, referring to the anal point with a high ridge.

A

B C

Figure. 1. Cladopelma costa sp. n. A. Wing. B. Dorsal view of hypopygium. C. Ventral view of hypopygium.

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Male imago (n=4 unless otherwise stated) Total length 3.65-4.20, 3.96 mm. Wing length 1.98-2.45, 2.19 mm. Total length / wing length 1.71-1.88, 1.82. Wing length / length of profemur 1.98-2.18, 2.06. Coloration: Thorax yellowish brown to dark brown. Front legs dark brown except basal 9/10 of femora yellowish green; mid and hind legs yellowish green except distal 1/3 of tarsi 1 and tarsi 2-5 dark brown. Abdomen with tergites I-V slightly yellowish green and tergites VI-VIII yellowish brown, hypopygium dark brown.

Head: AR 2.38-2.66, 2.53. Ultimate flagellomere 810-930, 888 μm long. Frontal tubercles cylindrical, 10-12, 11 (2) μm long and 6-7, 7 (2) μm wide. Temporal setae 12-13, 13 (2), including 1 inner verticals, 5-6 outer verticals and 5-7 postorbitals. Clypeus with 14-18, 17 setae. Tentorium 120-135, 127 (3) μm long, 25-35, 32 (3) μm wide. Palpomere lengths (in μm): 45-50, 48; 50-62, 54; 175-200, 186; 175-200, 192; 275-320, 293. Palp segment 5th / 3rd 1.45-1.70, 1.58. Thorax: Antepronotals 2-5, 4, acrostichals 8-12, 10, dorsocentrals 8-12, 10, prealars 5-7, 6. Scutellum with 22-28, 24 setae.

Wing (Fig. 1A): VR 1.07-1.12, 1.10, R with 18-22, 20 setae, R1 with 16-17, 17 setae, R4+5 with 20-24, 23 setae. Brachiolum with 2-3, 3 setae. Squama with 11-15, 13 setae. Anal lobe conspicuously produced.

Legs: Front tibia with 3 subapical setae, 130-136, 133 μm, 140-145, 142 μm and 145-160, 149 μm long, spurs of middle tibia 25-33, 27 μm and 30-40, 37 μm long, comb with 30-42, 37 teeth, 10-11, 10 μm long; spurs of hind tibia 25-35, 30 μm and 43-50, 48 μm long, comb with 48-52, 51 teeth, 11-12, 12 μm long. Sensilla chaetica of mid legs absent. Lengths (in μm) and proportions of legs as in Table 1. Table 1. Lengths (µm) and proportion of legs of Cladopelma costa sp. n., male (n=4)

fe ti ta1 ta2 ta3 ta4 ta5 LR

P1 970-1125, 740-825, 1260-1400, 590-650, 470-540, 430-480, 200-220, 1.66-1.73, 1061 794 1328 620 507 457 210 1.70

P2 880-1050, 810-875, 510-600, 250-300, 200-240, 110-140, 80-90, 0.50-0.64, 963 844 548 273 215 125 85 0.60

P3 1020-1225, 1040-1220, 700-830, 350-430, 260-350, 160-190, 100-110, 0.52-0.67, 1116 1129 750 385 308 175 103 0.63 Hypopygium (Fig. 1B, C): Tergite IX with a large process on posterior margin flanking the anal point, bearing 16-26, 19 setae and microtrichia. Laterosternite IX with 3-5, 4 setae. Anal point cone-shaped, 78-110, 91 μm long, with 12-16, 15 setae laterally and entirely covered with microtrichia. And distinct high bare ridge apophysis protruded from base of anal point. Superior volsella reduced, bare. Anal tergite bands V-shaped, jointed medially, but united apically. Phallapodeme 83-105, 94 μm long. Transverse sternapodeme 20-38, 27 μm long. Gonocoxite 125-155, 139 μm long, with 7-10, 8 strong setae along inner margin. Gonostylus 180-192, 186 μm long, strongly swollen in middle and

5 http://www.paper.edu.cn tapering towards apex, bearing 10-14, 12 setae on inner margin. HR 0.69-0.82, 0.75, HV 2.03-2.19, 2.13. Distribution: The species occurs in Palaearctic and Oriental China.

Cladopelma edwardsi (Kruseman) (Figs. 2A-G) Chironomus (Chironomus) virescens (Meigen) sensu Edwards 1929: 391 Tendipes (Parachironomus) edwardsi Kruseman 1933: 194 (new name for virescens of Edwards) Tendipes (Cryptochironomus) edwardsi (Kruseman). Goetghebuer 1937-54: 44 Parachironomus edwardsi Brundin 1947: 55 Harnischia (Harnischia) edwardsi (Kruseman). Townes 1945: 167; Beck and Beck 1959: 95; Beck and Beck 1969: 301 Tendipes (Cryptochironomus) edwardsi (Kruseman). Sublette 1960: 224 Chironomus (Cryptochironomus) edwardsi (Kruseman). Sublette 1964a: 134 Cryptocladopelma edwardsi (Kruseman) Brundin 1949: 741; Reiss 1968a: 120; Albu 1980: 119; Pinder 1978: 118 Harnischia virescens (Meigen) Wang et al. 1977: 230 Harnischia viridula Hashimoto et al. 1981: 21; Sasa & Hasegawa 1983: 324 Harnischia (Cryptocladopelma) viridula Sasa 1985: 35 Cladopelma indica Bhattacharyay, Duta & Chaudhuri 1985: 179 Syn. nov. Cryptotendipes fujiquartus Sasa 1985: 109; Sasa & Kawai 1987: 17; Sasa 1988: 56; Sasa 1989: 65, 74, 76; Sasa & Okazawa 1991: 106 Cladopelma viridula Sasa 1991: 83; Kikuchi & Sasa 1990: 297; Sasa & Suzuki 1991: 96 Cladopelma fujiquarta Sasa 1993: 71, 81, 85; Sasa & Tanaka 2001: 45 Cladopelma edwardsi (Kruseman) Wang et al. 1991: 13; Yamamoto 1997: 586; Wang 2000: 643: Wang & Ji 2003: 57; Makarchenko et al. 2005: 408. Cryptotendipes sibaabeus Sasa, Sumita & Suzuki 1999: 184 Cladopelma sibaabeus (Sasa, Sumita & Suzuki) Yan et al. 2005: 19 Syn. nov.

Material examined: China: Hebei Province, Tangshan City, Zunhua County, Dongling Town, Longmenkou Reservoir, 3 males, 7. VII. 2001, sweep net, Y. Guo; Zhejiang Province, Qingyuan County, Baishanzu, 3 males, 19. VII. 1994. H. Wu; Anhui Province, Tongling City, Tianjinghu Park, 1 male, 31. VII. 1994, sweep net, X. Wang; Fujian Province, Fuzhou Wulongjiang River, 1 male, 22. IV. 1993, X. Wang; Fujian Province, Fuzhou Agriculture College, light trap, 2 males, 22. IV. 1993, X. Wang; Fujian Province, Shanghang

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County, Buyun, Shiyankeng, 1 male, 7. V. 1993, light trap, X. Wang; Fujian Province, Jianning County, 1 male, 26. IX. 2002, Z. Liu; Jiangxi Province, Yichun City, Yifeng County, Guanshan Natural Conservation, 280 m a.s.l., 3 males, 9. VI. 2004, light trap, C. Yan; Jiangxi Province, Wuyishan National Natural Conservation, 900 m a.s.l., 1 male, 13. VI. 2004, light trap, C. Yan; Shandong Province, Muping County, Kunyu Mountain, Dianhou, 2 males,24-25. VIII. 1987, H. Li. Hubei Province, Wuhan University, 3 males, 29-30. X. 2003, sweep net, B. Ji; Hubei Province, Shennongjia, Hongping, 1800m a.s.l., 2 males, 18. VII. 1997. Y. Du; Hubei Province, Yichang City, Gezhouba, 1 male, 3. XI. 2003, sweep net, B. Ji; Guangxi Autonomous Region, Nanning City, 1 male, 29. V. 1986, X. Wang; Hainan Province, Diaoluo Town, 1 male, 20. V. 1988, light trap, X. Wang; Yunnan Province, Eryuan County, Niujie Town, Futian Village, Meicihe River, 2262-2332 m a.s.l., 12 males, 23. V. 1996, sweep net and light trap, B. Wang, L. Yang & C. Zhou; Yunnan Province, Lijiang City, Shigu Town, Chongjianghe River, 1850 m, 9 males, 25. V. 1996, light trap and sweep net, B. Wang, & C. Morse; Taiwan Province, 1 male, 2003, K. Ma. Japan: Holotype, male, Hokuriku District of Honshu, Ishikawa Prefecture, Kaga-shi, Shibayamagata Lake, light trap. 10. IX. 1998. Coll. Sumita, M. No. 316: 100 (#4-7-2). India: Holotype, male, Damodar River (Burdwan), 8. VII. 1984. Coll. Guha, D.K. No. 138. (Ent. Lab. Univ. Burdwan). Diagnostic characters: The species can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: The tergite IX produced posteriorly with lateral shoulders covered long setae; anal point with a mid ridge bearing short setae laterally and covered by microtrichia; and the superior volsella finger-like, covered by microtrichia and bearing 1-2 terminal setae. Distribution: The species is widespread in Holarctic and Oriental regions. It was also collected by sweep net and light trap from the Palaearctic and Oriental China. Remarks: We re-examined the holotype of Cladopelma indica Bhattacharyay, Duta & Chaudhuri and found some errors in original descriptions and figures. Some characters should be added and corrected as: Wing length 1.18 mm (0.96mm). Brachiolum with 2 setae (1 seta). R4+5 with 2 setae at apex. CR 1.21 (1.17). Sensilla chaetica of mid legs with 12. LR 1.88 (1.75). Anal point 85 μm long (57 μm long). Base of anal point shoulder-like and without a projection (Base of the anal point with a conspicuous projection on each side). Based on the re-examination and correction, the species is identified as a synonym novum of C. edwardsi because of the shoulder-like tergite IX, the elongate, curved and pointed gonostylus, and the bearing setae and microtrichia anal point. The hypopygium of holotype is re-drawn as in Figs. 2 D-E. Yan et al. (2005) transferred Cryptotendipes sibaabeus Sasa, Sumita & Suzuki to genus Cladopelma. Here we re-examined the holotype of Cladopelma sibaabeus (Sasa, Sumita & Suzuki), it is the same as C. edwardsi except for superior volsella constricting near apex, and not covered by microtrichia at apex. Our study indicates that this variation may be intraspecific because the shape and setae of the gonostylus, anal point, tergite IX is nearly identical to C. edwardsi. We, therefore, suggest C. sibaabeus is as a new junior synonym of C. edwardsi. The hypopygium of holotype is re-drawn as in Figs. 2 F-G.

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A

B C D

E F G

Figure. 2. Cladopelma edwardsi (Kruseman) Chinese specimen (A-C), Indian specimen (D-E), Japanese specimen (F-G) A. Wing. B. Dorsal view of hypopygium. C. Ventral view of hypopygium. D. Dorsal view of hypopygium. E. Ventral view of hypopygium. F. Dorsal view of hypopygium. G. Ventral view of hypopygium.

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Cladopelma goetghebueri Spies & Sæther Chironomus (Cryptochironomus) lateralis Goetghebuer 1934a: 94 Tendipes (Cryptochironomus) lateralis: Goetghebuer 1937–54: 39 Cryptocladopelma lateralis (Goetghebuer): Pinder 1978: 118; Albu 1980: 120 Cladopelma goetghebueri Spies & Sæther 2004: 40; Makarchenko et al. 2005: 408 Diagnostic characters: The species is easily separated from known species in the genus by the spatulate anal point and anal tergite with wing-like lateral expansions bearing setae and microtrichia. The other details have been described and illustrated by Albu (1980: 120, fig. 88). Description: Palaearctic. In Sino-Indian Region, known from Russian Far East.

Cladopelma krusemani (Goetghebuer) Chironomus (Harnischia) krusemani Goetghebuer 1935: 416; Goetghebuer 1937–54: 48 Cryptocladopelma krusemani (Goetghebuer): Pinder 1978: 118 Cladopelma krusemani (Goetghebuer): Ashe & Cranston 1990: 269; Makarchenko et al. 2005: 408 Diagnostic characters: Based on Goetghebuer (1937–54) and Pinder (1978), the species has thumb-like superior volsella; AR 2.5; the base of anal point with a large median expansion of the anal tergite covered by setae and microtrichia. Description: Palaearctic. In Sino-Indian Region, it is recorded from Russian Far East.

Cladopelma viridulum (Linnaeus) Tipula viridula Linnaeus 1767: 975 Chironomus (Cryptochironomus) viridulus Fabricius: Tokunaga 1940: 301 Harnischia (Harnischia) viridulus Townes 1945: 34 Cryptocladopelma viridula: Reiss 1968: 199; Pinder 1978: 118; Albu 1980: 124 Cladopelma viridula (Linnaeus): Yamamoto 1997: 585; Makarchenko et al. 2005: 408 Cladopelma viridulum (Linnaeus): Spies & Sæther 2004: 12 Diagnostic characters: Based on Tokunaga (1940) and Albu (1980), the species is similar to C. edwardsi in the shape of superior volsella. It can be separated by the presence of small frontal tubercles; the triangular anal tergite; and the rounded gonostylus apically; AR 2.40–2.68; LR1 1.52–1.60. Description: Holarctic. In Sino-Indian Region, it is recorded from Japan and Russian Far East.

Cladopelma virescens (Meigen) (Figs. 3A-C)

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Chironomus virescens Meigen 1818: 23 Not Chironomus (Chironomus) virescens (Meigen) sensu Edwards 1929: 391 Tendipes (Harnischia) virescens (Meigen) Goetghebuer 1937-54: 49 Cryptocladopelma virescens (Meigen) Brundin 1949: 742; Reiss 1968b: 198; Pinder 1978: 118; Albu 1980: 123 Cladopelma virescens (Meigen) Wang et al. 1991: 13; Wang 2000: 643 Material examined: China: Tianjin City, 3 males, 3. V. 1979, X. Wang; Tianjin City, Duliujianhe River, 1 male, 12. VI. 1985, X. Wang; Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao City, 3 males, 4. VI. 1985, X. Wang; Hebei Province, Zhangjiakou City, Chicheng County, Lvhepu and Yunchou Reservoir, 2 males, 21. VII. 2001, sweep net, Y. Guo, S. Hao & Y. Du; Neimenggu Autonomous Region, Alashanzuoqi, Bayanhaote Town, 6 males, 31. VII. 1987, 7. VIII. 1987, X. Wang; Ningxia Province, Guyuan County, 1 male, 8. IV. 1987, X. Wang; Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Kuerle City, Yingxia Town, Taiyangdao, 3 males, 26. VIII. 2002, H. Tang. Diagnostic characters: The species can be distinguished from other species by anal point flanked basally by a pair of process bearing numerous strong setae and covered by microtrichia; and anal tergite bands H-shaped.

A

B C

Figure. 3. Cladopelma virescens (Meigen) A. Wing. B. Dorsal view of hypopygium. C. Ventral view of hypopygium.

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Distribution: The species is widespread in the Palaearctic region. It also occurs in Palaearctic China. Remarks: Goetghebuer (1937-54) recorded the species from Europe differed from the Chinese specimens having a higher antennal ratio (2.5 as opposed to1.98).

Cryptotendipes hibaraprima (Sasa) Comb. n. (Figs. 4A-B) Cladopelma hibaraprima Sasa 1993: 71; Yamamoto 1997: 586 Cladopelma onogawaprima Sasa 1993: 72; Yamamoto 1997: 586 Syn. nov. Material examined: Holotype, male, Japan, Fukushima Prefecture, Aizu District, Hibara Lake, fluorescent lamp. 5-6. VIII. 1991. Coll. Sasa, M. (No. A 223: 18); Holotype, male, Japan, Fukushima Prefecture, Aizu District, Onogawa Lake, fluorescent lamp. 5-6. VIII. 1991. Coll. Sasa, M. (No. A 224: 06).

A B

Figure. 4. Cryptotendipes hibaraprima (Sasa) A. Dorsal view of hypopygium. B. Ventral view of hypopygium. Remarks: Based on the examining the holotype of Cladopelma hibaraprima Sasa, we affirmed the species should be transferred to the genus Cryptotendipes as a new combination because the species having short, slightly swollen basally, concave mesially gonostylus, the parallel-sided anal point without setae and microtrichia, Above characters fit the diagnosis of Cryptotendipes While the species in Cladopelma with the elongate, curved, usually partially constricted and pointed gonostylus, often bearing setae and microtrichia anal point. The hypopygium of holotype is re-drawn as in Fig. 4. Another species, Cladopelma onogawaprima Sasa, we also re-examined the holotype and found some errors in original descriptions and figures. Superior volsella slightly longer than wide, with 1-3 short setae and covered with microtrichia (the microtrichia is unmentioned in original descriptions). So

11 http://www.paper.edu.cn we didn’t find any different characters between the species with Cryptotendipes hibaraprima (Sasa). Distinctly, the species is a new junior synonym of C. hibaraprima. Paracladopelma kamalanagari (Maheshwari & Agarwal) Comb. n. Cladopelma kamalanagari Maheshwari & Agarwal 1993: 169 Remarks: The species distributed in Agra, India. However, Chaudhuri et al. (2001) didn’t list the species in the chironomid checklist of the Indian subcontinent. We haven’t seen the type specimen, however, based on the original descriptions and illustrations, the species should be transferred to the genus Paracladopelma as a new combination tentatively because the short gonostylus, the slender, cylindrical superior volsella and the big, pad-liked inferior volsella, which are fit the diagnosis of Paracladopelma. Discussion

Among the 10 recorded species from Sino-Indian Region before this review, 5 species is reserved in genus Cladopelma (C. edwardsi; C. goetghebueri; C. krusemani; C. virescens; C. viridulum). In this paper, 1 species has been newly described. So 6 species are recorded in Sino-Indian Region. Male diagnosis: Based on the variation in this study and in some previous publications, the generic diagnosis of Cladopelma given by Cranston et al. (1989) should be emended as follows: “Antennal ratio 2.1–2.5” should be changed to “Antennal ratio 1.8–3.0” (C. edwardsi, AR 1.79–2.07; C. virescens, AR 1.77–2.25; C. subnigrum, AR 2.8–3.0); “Wing length 1.8–2.5 mm” should be “Wing length 1.2–2.5 mm.” (Wing length 1.20 mm in Indian specimen). The catalog of Cranston & Martin (1989) recorded one species Cladopelma curtivalva from Australia in the genus. However, they didn’t mention the species Chironomus (Cryptochironomus) curtivalva from Freeman (1961). Sæther (1977) and Yan et al. (2005) wrongly placed it in genus Demicryptochironomus. Based on the keys of Freeman (1961) and the work of adult morphology and cytochrome oxidase I markers by Carew et al. (2005). the species recorded by Freeman (1961) should belong to genus Cladopelma. Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Prof. P.K. Chaudhuri and Dr. A. Mazumdar (Burdwan University, India), Dr. A. Shinohara (Department of Zoology, National Science Museum) for kindly providing the type specimens. We thank Dr. M. Carew (University of Melbourne, Australia), Prof. P. Cranston (University of California, Davis, USA), Dr. T. Kobayashi (Institute for Environmental and Social Welfare Sciences, Japan), Dr. G. Maheshwari (St. John's College, Agra, India), Dr. J. Martin (The University of Melbourne, Australia) sending important references, information and helpful comments; Dr. M. Spies (Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Germany) help with clarifying some issues about the nomenclature Code. We are indebted to Prof. O.A. Sæther (Museum of Zoology, University of Bergen, Norway), for kindly checking the specimens and offering valuable comments when he visited my lab. Mr. Bingchun Ji and Mrs. Yufen Li made the slide preparations. Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and China National Education Committee of China (NECC) are acknowledged with thanks.

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