http://www.paper.edu.cn Cladopelma Kieffer from Sino-Indian Region (Diptera: Chironomidae)1 Chuncai Yana Xinhua Wanga, * aCollege of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin, P. R. China 300071 *E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The genus Cladopelma Kieffer from Sino-Indian region including three species is reviewed. One new species, C. costa sp. n. is described and illustrated from males. The males of C. edwardsi (Kruseman) and C. virescens (Meigen) from China are re-examined. C. sibaabeus (Sasa) from Japan and C. indica Bhattacharyay, Duta & Chaudhuri from India are regarded as synonym novum of C. edwardsi. C. onogawaprima Sasa is identified as synonym novum of C. hibaraprima Sasa and transferred C. hibaraprima to the genus Cryptotendipes as a new combination. Cladopelma kamalanagari Maheshwari & Agarwal from India is transferred to genus Paracladopelma as a new combination. The generic diagnosis for males is emended. A key to known males in the world is given. Keywords: Cladopelma, new species, new combination, synonym novum, Sino-Indian Region Introduction The genus Cladopelma is a member of the Harnischia generic complex. Lenz (1941) erected Cryptocladopelma, but no type species was designated and the genus is a nomen nudum. Sæther (1977) synonymized the genus with Cladopelma Kieffer (1921) with Chironomus virescens Meigen, 1818 as its type species. The genus is easily distinguished from other genus in Harnischia generic complex by the elongate, bended, usually partially constricted and pointed gonostylus, often bearing setae and microtrichia anal point, greatly reduced superior volsella and absence of inferior volsella. To date, the genus is comprised of 20 species worldwide, of which several are widely distributed. 12 species have been recorded from Palaearctic Region, 8 from Nearctic Region, 4 from Oriental Region, 1 from Afrotropical Region, 1 from Australasian Region, and 1 from Neotropical Region 1 Support by Funds of Education Ministry in trainning Doctor (20030055004) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 1 http://www.paper.edu.cn (Freeman & Cranston 1980, Cranston & Martin 1989, Oliver et al. 1990, Maheshwari & Agarwal 1993, Sasa & Kikuchi 1995, Spies & Reiss 1996, Sæther et al. 2000, Chaudhuri et al. 2001, Yan et al. 2005, Yamamoto 1997). Carew et al. (2005) studied cytochrome oxidase I markers to differentiate Australian Cladopelma and showed the genus may contain up to 4 species in Australia, however, a full taxonomic investigation will be required to determine the morphological type. Before this study, in Sino-Indian region, there were 10 species of Cladopelma have been reported (Chaudhuri et al. 2001; Hashimoto et al. 1981; Maheshwari & Agarwal, 1993; Makarchenko et al. 2005; Sasa & Kikuchi 1995; Wang 2000, Yamamoto, 1997; Yan et al. 2005). Chaudhuri et al. (2001) listed 1 species from India (C. indica); actually, Maheshwari & Agarwal (1993) published another species from India (C. kamalanagari). So far, 2 species were recorded from India. Hashimoto et al. (1981) recorded Harnischia viridulum from Thailand, Yamamoto (1997) considered it belong to Cladopelma edwardsi. Makarchenko et al. (2005) listed 5 species from Russian Far East (C. edwardsi; C. goetghebueri; C. krusemani; C. virescens; C. viridulum). Yamamoto (1997) revised the genus Cladopelma from Japan and recorded 4 species (C. edwardsi; C. viridulum; C. hibaraprima; C. onogawaprima). Yan et al. (2005) transferred Cryptotendipes sibaabeus to genus Cladopelma. Wang et al. (1977) described C. edwardsi as Harnischia virescens from Hubei Province in China. Later, Wang et al. (1991) transferred it to the genus Cladopelma and recorded C. virescens. Thus, up to now, two male species of Cladopelma have been recorded from China (Wang 2000). The larva of C. viridulum was recorded from several provinces of Palaearctic China (Yan et al. 1977, Xie et al. 1984, Wang 1987, Xie 1988). Wang & Wang (1991) recorded a larva of C. fridmanae (Chernovskij, 1949) from Liaoning Province. Based on the material from Sino-Indian Region, we review the genus Cladopelma, one new species is described. An emended generic diagnosis and a key to the males of all known species are provided. Material and Methods The bound of Sino-Indian region followed by Banarescu (1992), which includes whole Oriental region and part of southeast Palaearctic region in traditional zoogeographic delimitation. Prof. P.K. Chaudhuri and Dr. A. Mazumdar, Burdwan University, India loaned the type specimen of C. indica Bhattacharyay, Duta & Chaudhuri, which collected in India by Guha, D (No. 138). Dr. A. Shinohara, National Science Museum (Nat. Hist.), Tokyo, Japan provided four type specimens from Japan. The type material from China is deposited in the Department of Biology, Life Science College, Nankai University, China (BDN). The morphological nomenclature follows Sæther (1980) with the additions and corrections given by Sæther (1990). The material examined was mounted on slides following the procedure outlined by Sæther (1969). Measurements are given as ranges followed by a mean when there are two or more measurements, followed by the number measured (n) in parentheses. Key to males of Cladopelma Kieffer 1. Anal tergite IX with lateral lobes ... 2 2 http://www.paper.edu.cn Anal tergite IX without lateral lobes ... 3 2. Lobe with setae apically; AR 2.0, LR1 1.25 ... C. goetghebueri Spies & Sæther, 2004 (Palaearctic, Sino-Indian) Lobe bare apically, AR 2.4, LR1 1.6 ... C. spectabilis (Townes, 1945) (Nearctic) 3. Tergite IX extended with a swelling over parts or whole base of anal point ... 4 Tergite IX not extended over anal point ... 7 4. Anal point with a large bare carina basally ... C. costa sp. n. (Palaearctic, Oriental, Sino-Indian) Anal point without bare carina basally ... 5 5. Swelling hood-like, anal point rounded apically ... C. galeator (Townes, 1945) (Nearctic) Swelling not hood-like, anal point peaked apically ... 6 6. Superior volsella big, thumb-like, AR 2.5 ... C. krusemani (Goetghebuer, 1935) (Palaearctic, Sino-Indian) Superior volsella quite small, reduced as a tuber, AR 2.0-2.1 ... C. bicarinatum (Brundin, 1947) (Palaearctic) 7. Margins of tergite IX extended as a large shoulder on each side of anal point ... 8 Margins of tergite IX not extended as a large shoulder on each side of anal point ... 10 8. Shoulder produced from mid tergite IX ... C. collator (Townes, 1945) (Nearctic) Shoulder formed as whole tergite IX ... 9 9. Gonostylus with basal projection, each mid leg with 1 spur ... C. forcipes (Rempel, 1939) (Neotropical, Nearctic) Gonostylus without basal projection, each mid leg with 2 spurs ... C. edwardsi (Kruseman, 1933) (Holarctic, Oriental, Sino-Indian) 10. Tergite IX with a pair of process on posterior margin flanking base of anal point, anal tergite bands H-shaped ... C. virescens (Meigen, 1818) (Palaearctic, Sino-Indian) Tergite IX without process on posterior margin flanking base of anal point, anal tergite bands not H-shaped ... 11 11. Basal part of anal point with a high, knife-like carina ... C. viridulum (Linnaeus, 1767) (Holarctic, Sino-Indian) Basal part of anal point without such a carina ... 12 12. Base of anal point lightly truncated, without obvious ridge extending to tergite IX ... C. amachaerus (Townes, 1945) (Nearctic) Base of anal point cone-shaped, with obvious ridge extending to tergite IX ... 13 13. Anal point slightly constricted basally, gonostylus rounded apically ... C. inflexum (Freeman, 1957) (Afrotropical) Anal point strongly constricted basally, gonostylus pointed apically ... 14 14. Superior volsella slightly swollen mesally, AR 2.8.3.0, LR1 1.42.1.48 ... C. subnigrum (Brundin, 1947) (Palaearctic) Superior volsella slightly constricted mesally, AR 2.0, LR1 1.8 ... C. curtivalva (Kieffer, 1917) (Australasian). 3 http://www.paper.edu.cn Species Descriptions Cladopelma costa sp. n. (Figs. 1A-C) Material examined: Holotype: male (BDN no. 06495), CHINA: Shaanxi Province: Xiangcheng County, Zhouzhi County, Banfangzi, 10 Aug. 1994, light trap, W. BU. Paratype 3 males (BDN no. 1535; 08258; 04430): 1 male data as for holotype; 1 male: Chongqing City, Nanchuan City, Sanquan, 10 May 1986, X. WANG; 1 male: Gansu Province, Tianshui City, Xiaolongshan Dangchuan, 1450 m a.s.l., 7 Oct. 1993, light trap, W. BU. Diagnostic characters: The new species is easily distinguished from known species in the genus by reduced and bare superior volsella; anal point flanked basally by a distinct high bare ridge apophysis; and mid swollen gonostylus. Etymology: From Latin costa, ridge, referring to the anal point with a high ridge. A B C Figure. 1. Cladopelma costa sp. n. A. Wing. B. Dorsal view of hypopygium. C. Ventral view of hypopygium. 4 http://www.paper.edu.cn Male imago (n=4 unless otherwise stated) Total length 3.65-4.20, 3.96 mm. Wing length 1.98-2.45, 2.19 mm. Total length / wing length 1.71-1.88, 1.82. Wing length / length of profemur 1.98-2.18, 2.06. Coloration: Thorax yellowish brown to dark brown. Front legs dark brown except basal 9/10 of femora yellowish green; mid and hind legs yellowish green except distal 1/3 of tarsi 1 and tarsi 2-5 dark brown. Abdomen with tergites I-V slightly yellowish green and tergites VI-VIII yellowish brown, hypopygium dark brown. Head: AR 2.38-2.66, 2.53. Ultimate flagellomere 810-930, 888 μm long. Frontal tubercles cylindrical, 10-12, 11 (2) μm long and 6-7, 7 (2) μm wide. Temporal setae 12-13, 13 (2), including 1 inner verticals, 5-6 outer verticals and 5-7 postorbitals. Clypeus with 14-18, 17 setae. Tentorium 120-135, 127 (3) μm long, 25-35, 32 (3) μm wide. Palpomere lengths (in μm): 45-50, 48; 50-62, 54; 175-200, 186; 175-200, 192; 275-320, 293. Palp segment 5th / 3rd 1.45-1.70, 1.58. Thorax: Antepronotals 2-5, 4, acrostichals 8-12, 10, dorsocentrals 8-12, 10, prealars 5-7, 6. Scutellum with 22-28, 24 setae. Wing (Fig. 1A): VR 1.07-1.12, 1.10, R with 18-22, 20 setae, R1 with 16-17, 17 setae, R4+5 with 20-24, 23 setae.