Pacific Science (1982), vol. 36, no. 2 © 1982 by the University of Hawaii Press. All rights reserved

Notes on Indo-Pacific Scleractinian . Part 9. 1 New Corals from the Galapagos Islands2

JOHN W. WELLS 3

PREPARATION OF AN ILLUSTRATED checklist of granulose or spinulose. Diameter ofcorallites the scleractinian corals of the Galapagos from 2 mm to 5.5 x 6.5 mm. Calice mod­ Islands based on collections at the Charles erately deep, 1.5 mm in largest corallite. Darwin Research Station (CDRS) at Academy Septal, palar, and columellar arrangement Bay, Galapagos; the California Academy of typically paracyathid-three complete septal Sciences (CAS); the National Museum of cycles plus 20 (of24) septa ofthe fourth cycle. Natural History, Washington, D.C. (USNM); First-cycle septa slightly exsert, those of suc­ the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, ceeding cycles regularly less so. Pali in two Panama (STRI); the Peabody Museum of crowns, one before the first two cycles, the Natural History, Yale University (YPM); and other before the third, composed of slender, material collected in 1975 in the Galapagos by twisted laths. Columella of many similar but Charles Birkeland, G. M. Wellington, P. W. much smaller laths differentiated from the pali Glynn, and the writer, revealed a total of 22 and deep in the calice. genera and 31 species of recent ahermatypic This species differs from the only other corals now known from these islands. Among eastern Pacific Polycyathus, P. hondaensis these are six species believed to be new. These (Durham & Bernard) from Panama, by its are the subject of the present note. larger corallites with nearly twice as many The type specimens are deposited in the septa and more pali. National Museum of Natural History, HOLOTYPE: USNM 46964, 3.5 miles west of Washington, D.C. Pta. Albemarle, Isabela I., Galapagos, 14 m. OCCURRENCE: 3.5 miles west of Pta. Albemarle, Isabela I., Galapagos, 14 m. FAMILY CARYOPHYLLIIDAE GRAY GENUS Polycyathus Duncan Polycyathus isahela n. sp. Figure 1, 1, 2, 3 FAMILY GRAY GENUS Balanophyllia S. V. Wood DESCRIPTION: Quasi-colonial, forming small groups of short, cylindrical corallites by bud­ Balanophyllia eguclljj n. sp. ding from low on the sides of the corallites Figure 1,4,5,6 or from stolonlike expansions ofcoenosteum. Balanophyllia a/finis Wells 1964, p. 114, Costae low, rounded, subequal, minutely pI. 2, figs. 1-3. Dendrophyllia arbuscula var. compressa Eguchi & Sasaki 1973, p. 84, pI. 1, fig. 3; 1 Numbers 1-8 ofthese notes were published in Pacific non Balanophyllia compressa Seguenza Science as follows: nos. I and 2, vol. 13, pp. 286-290, 1880, p. 303, pI. 17, figs. 26, 27. 1955; no. 3, vol. 15, pp. 189-191,1961; no. 4, vol. 20, pp. 203-205; nos. 5 and 6, vol. 22, pp. 274-276, 1968; no. DESCRIPTION: Solitary or quasi-colonial, 7, vol. 25, pp. 368-371, 1971; no. 8, vol. 26, pp. 183-190, forming low clusters ofshort corallites arising 1972. by budding from basal expansions, the polyps 2 Manuscript accepted 21 January 1982. 3 Cornell University, Department of Geological Sci­ eventually becoming organically isolated. ences, Ithaca, New York 14853. Secondary buds rare. Corallites cylindrical in 211 212 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 36, April 1982

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FIGURE I. 1,2,3, Polycyathus isabela n. sp., holotype USNM 46964, x I, x 2, x 4, west ofPta. Albemarle, Isabela I., Galapagos, 14 m; 4, 5, 6, Balanophyllia eguchii n. sp., holotype USNM 46966, xl, x 4, x 4, north side of Marchena I., Galapagos, 6 m. Indo-Pacific Scleractinian Corals. Part 9-WELLS 213

early stages (3-4 mm), becoming strongly GENUS Rhizopsammia Verrill c~mpressed in large corallites (5.5 x 13 mm), Rhizopsammia wellingtoni n. sp. with equal, beaded or lightly spined costae extending 3-4 mm below calice rim, more or Figure 2, 1, 2, 3 less covered by epitheca toward the base. DESCRIPTION: Small colonies of closely Septa varying in number from 36 in small packed corallites linked by coenosteal expan­ (4-mm) corallites to as many as 80 in large sions and tending to form small clusters of on~s. Septa scarcely exsert, nearly equal at ~orallites calIce rim. Thirty-six septa reach the elongate, basally continuously united. ­ lites subcylindrical, slightly expanding up­ deep columella, and except at the ends of the w~rd, 6-1~ el.ongate calices, 18 ofthese lack fused pairs of mm in height. Costae equal, mmutely spmulose, extending basally between higher-cycle septa. At the ends of the calices corallites. Calices oval, 5 x 5 to 6 x 9 mm in additional fused pairs make up the normal diameter, 3-4 mm in height. Septa (48) in four dendrophylliid plan. This "stretching" of the cycles, arranged in the typical Pourtales plan, septa away from the regular Pourtales plan begins to appear in small (4.5-5.5-mm) those of the first two cycles (12) extending calices. axially to the deep, elongate, spongy colum­ The polyps of the Galapagos specimens ella. First-cycle septa exsert, thicker peri­ pherally; those of the second cycle slightly were vermilion to pinkish vermilion in color. exsert. Those from the Bay of Panama were yellow; Color of the polyps: deep purple-black. those from Hawaii, pinkish orange or orange; In most of the described species of Rhizop­ and those from Japan, orange-brown. sammia (R. bermudensis Wells, R. chamissoi This species is distinguished from other Wells, R. manuelensis Chevalier, R. nuda van shall?w-wat.er forms of Balanophyllia by the der H?rst, and R. verrilli van der Horst), the quasl-colomal ("Rhodopsammia") habit anal­ corallItes are propagated by budding from ogous to that of Rhizopsammia and by the basal. expansions of coenosteum, commonly compressed corallites with a distinctive septal for~lllg small clusters retaining organic con­ arrangement. nectIOn, as does the type species R. pulchra Named for the late Motoki Eguchi (1905­ 1978). Verrill, ofwhich the cotype is figured here for th~ first time (Figure 2, 4, 5). In one species, R. mznuta van der Horst (R. minuta mutsuensis HOLOTYPE: USNM 46966, north side of Marchena I., Galapagos, 6 m. Yabe & Eguchi), the corallites are low and scattered without permanent organic or co­ enosteal connections. OCCURRENCE: Galapagos: north side of Rhizopsammia wellingtoni is nearest to R. Marchena I., 6 m (USNM 46966)' Rabida (Jervis) I., 7.5 m; Champion I., I m (~DRS OIl); chamissoi Wells (Marshall Islands) in which the calices have many fifth-cycle se~ta and the Academy Bay, Santa Cruz I., 10 m (CDRS 227); polyps are brick-red or vermilion in color. Onslow I., under rocks and ledges (CORS 106, Rhizopsammia verrilli van der Horst has larger CAS 018928); Onslow I., 3-5 m' Sombrero corallites with five cycles of septa, and the Chino, Santiago I., under rock l~dges (CORS 224); Cousins Rock, 21-27 m. polyps ofGalapagos specimens are vermilion. Elsewhere: Wakayama-ken, Japan, 7 m (L. Named for Gerard M. Wellington. G. Harris); Shizuoka Prefecture, central HOLOTYPE: USNM 46969, Tagus Cove, Japan (Eguchi & Sasaki); outside Kaneohe Isabela I., Galapagos, 25 m. Bay, Oahu,.Hawaii, ceiling of pocket in ledge (L. G. Hams); offsouthern Queensland, 85 m PARATYPE: USNM 46970 Tagus Cove, (Wells 1964); northeast end of Pta. Chame, Isabela I., Galapagos, 25 m: Gulf o~ Panama, to 27 m (R. Stewart); OCCURRENCE: Tagus Cove, Isabela I., Tabogutlla I., Gulf of Panama, 9-12 m (G. Galapagos, 2 m, under rock ledge (CDRS 118, Handler); Malpelo 1.,9 m (c. Birkeland). CAS 018995); Gardner I., near Floreana I., 214 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 36, April 1982

FIGURE 2. 1,2, Rhizopsammia wellingtoni n. sp., holoptype USNM 46969, x I, x 4, Tagus Cove, Isabela I., Galapagos, 25 m; 3, R. wellingtoni, paratype USNM 46970, x 4, Tagus Cove, Isabela I., Galapagos, 25 m; 4,5, R. pulchra Verrill, cotype YPM 5375, x 2, x 4, Pearl I., Bay of Panama, low tide level (upper left corallite is Astrangia pulchella Verrill). Indo-Pacific Scleractinian Corals. Part 9-WELLS 215

FIGURE 3. 1,2, Tubastraeafaulkneri n. sp., holotype USNM 47145, x I, x 2, Great Reef, Bailechesengel I., Palau, 7.6 m; 3, T.faulkneri, USNM 62570, xl, Goeneng Api, Banda, 5 m, vertical section through corallites and coenosteum. 216 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 36, April 1982

Galapagos, 30 m (CDRS 103); dredged off deep, spongy, often slightly compressed, Onslow I., Galapagos, 36-43 m. prominent. Color of the polyps: orange (color photo­ graphs by Faulkner and G. M. Wellington; A. G. H]Jmes' note). GENUS Tubastraea Lesson This species is related to, but distinguished This genus and its type species Tubastraeg from, Tubastraea coccinea by the widely coccinea were first described in 1829, althoqgh spaceq corallites sunken in thickened coeno­ the date is usually cited as 1831 or 18~4. steum and by the prominent fusion offourth­ Lesson's "Zoophytes" of the "Zpologie" of cycl~ septa to those ofthe third. In T. coccinea the Voyage ... sur ... La Coqui/lf! appeaq;d in the corallites are closely spaced and com­ Volume 2, the whole volume of which tinal}y monly only united basally. That T. faulkneri is was issued in 1838, but, as SherbQrn and only an ecovariant of T. coccinea seems ne­ Woodward showed (1906: 336), th~alltQor's gated by the occurrence of the two species at copies of the section "Zp.ophytes" were sent the same site on the steep walls ofTagus Cove. out in 1829. A Tubastraea with similarly widely spaced In addition to the cosmopolitan Tubastr.aea corallites immersed nearly to their summits coccinea, three other species believed new in coenosteum was described by Chevalier occur in the Galapagos,·These are described (1961 :480, pI. 22, fig. 8, and figs. 189, 190) below. from the Miocene (Helvetian) of Touraine. For this form he proposed a new genus Paleoastroides (type: P. michelini), but sepa­ Tuhastraea faulkneri n. sp. ration from Tubastraea is superfluous. Named for Douglas Faulkner, who col­ Figure 3, 1, 2, 3 lected and illustrated this species in color. Dendrophyl/ia aurea van der Borst 1926, p. 46, pI. 2, fig. 1. HOLOTYPE: USNM 47145, Great Reef, Bai­ Tubastraea aurea Boschml:!. 1953, p. 112, lechesengel I., Palau, 7.6 m. pI. 9, figs. 5, 6. OCCURRENCE: Tagus Cove, Isabela I., ---aurea Nemenzo 1971, p. 182, pI. 12, Galapagos, 3-5 m (G. M. Wellington); fig. 3. Goeneng Api, Banda, 5 m, USNM 62570 (A. G. Tubastraea new species Faulkner& Chesher Humes); Wainitu, Amboina (van der Horst); 1979, p. 307, pI. 192. Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines DESCRIPTION: Corallum encrusting, becom­ (Nemenzo). ing massive and strongly convex. Calices rising 3-8 mm above a porous, vermiculate Tuhastraea tagusensis n. sp. coenosteum, spaced 5-15 mm apart. Surface ofthe coenosteum swollen between calices so Figure 4,1,2,3,4 that the latter appear slightly sunken. Calices Tubastraea coccinea Scheer & Pillai 1974, 8-10 mm in diameter, 5-8 mm deep, with p. 64, pI. 30. costae corresponding to all septa and merging --- new species Faulkner & Chesher with the surface of the coenosteum. Four 1979, p. 307, pI. 193. cycles of septa, those of the first cycle prom­ inent, slightly thickened and exsert; those of DESCRIPTION: Corallites cylindrical or the second cycle thinner and scarcely exsert. slightly compressed, averaging 8 mm in diam­ Inner margins of septa nearly vertical, drop­ eter, rarely exceeding 10 mm, rising 3-15 mm ping steeply to the columella. Third-cycle above the coenosteum, forming convex, glob­ septa barely reaching to rim ofthe calice, their ular colonies 70-100 mm in diameter and inner margins sloping to the columella. Septa 60-70 mm high. Corallite walls thin, with low, of the fourth cycle weakly developed, com­ nearly smooth or sparsely granulose costae. monly incomplete in some systems, irregu­ Coenosteum noncostate, flaky on the surface. larly fusing to third-cycle septa. Columella Increase almost wholly confined to extraten- Indo-Pacific Scleractinian Corals. Part 9-WELLS 217

3

5

FIGURE 4. 1, 2, 3, n. sp., holotype USNM 46977, x I, x 2, x 4, Tagus Cove, Isabela I., Galapagos, 4.5 m; 4, T. tagusensis, paratype USNM 46979, x 0.5, Tagus Cove, Isabela L, Galapagos, 7.6 m; 5, 6, T.jloreana n. sp. holotype USNM 46974, x I, x 4, west side of Floreana I., Galapagos, shallow water. 218 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 36, April 1982

tacular from the intercorallite budding. Septa 4-6 mm in diameter, arising from a basal (24) in three cycles, except in large (lO-mm) coenosteum. Calices 4-5 mm deep with a calices where there may be 30 or more, nor­ weakly developed columella formed by a mally arranged in two groups, one consisting tangle of inner septal ends. Septa in three of the 12 septa of the first two cycles, equal cycles, those of the first two equal, extending and extending to the columella, nonexsert, nearly to the axis, nonexsert, narrow, dentate their slightly dentate inner margins dropping inner margins sloping steeply to the calice steeply to the calice floor and becoming nearly floor. Third-cycle septa short, rarely fusing horizontal before joining the columella. The to the larger septa, commonly rudimentary. second group, the 12 third-cycle septa, very Corallite walls very thin with minutely granu­ short, weakly developed with dentate inner lated costae. edges, internally free and rarely uniting with Polyps bright pink, drying to red-black. the first group with which they alternate, but Distinguished from Tubastraea coccinea by in larger calices they may be accelerated and the much smaller corallites and septal arrange­ equal the first group, in which case some ment, and also by smaller corallites from fourth-cycle septa are present. Columella T. tagusensis which has the same septal varying from a weak tangle on inner ends of arrangement. larger septa in small corallites to a prominent HOLOTYPE: USNM 46974, Playa Prieta, west trabecular tangle half the diameter of the side ofFloreana I., Galapagos, shallow water. calice. Color of the polyps variable: lemon-yellow OCCURRENCE: Playa Prieta, west side of with red peristomes, pale red-violet, pale red­ Floreana I., Galapagos (USNM 46974); Caleta violet with yellowish coenosarc. Iguana, Isabela I., Galapagos, from overhang Tubastraea tagusensis is distinguished from at 5 m (USNM 46976); Gardner I., near the cosmopolitan T. coccinea by the striking Espanola (Hood) I., in cave at 2 m (G. M. regularity of alternation of two groups of Wellington) (USNM 46975); Pinzon (Duncan) septa. In T. coccinea the corallites are gener­ I. (Albatross 1888, USNM). ally larger, commonly forming tufts with little intervening coenosteum, and the first two cycles of septa are unequal with two or three LITERATURE CITED smaller septa between each first- and second­ cycle septum, whereas in T. tagusensis a single BOSCHMA, H. 1953. On specimens ofthe coral small septum lies between the 12 larger septa. genus Tubastraea, with notes on pheno­ mena of fission. Stud. Fauna Curac;ao HOLOTYPE: USNM 46977, Tagus Cove, Caribb. Islands 4: 109-119. Isabela I., Galapagos, 4.5 m. CHEVALIER, J.-P. 1961. Recherches sur les PARA TYPE: USNM 46979, Tagus Cove, madreporaires et les formations recifales Isabela I., Galapagos, 7.6 m (D. Faulkner). miocenes de la Mediterranee occidentale. Soc. Geo!. France, Mem. 40: 1-562. OCCURRENCE: Common at Tagus Cove, EGUCHI, M. 1973. On some new or little Isabela I., Galapagos, in overhangs to 24 m; known corals from Japan and Australia. Tagus Cove, 11 m (CDRS 107, 228, 229, CAS Seto Mar. Lab. Pub!. 20: 81-87. 018996); Cousins Rock, Santiago I., 3 m (CDRS FAULKNER, D., and R. CHESHER. 1979. Living 230); south side of Daphne Minor I., 43 m corals. C. N. Potter, New York. (USNM); Nicobar I. (Scheer & Pillai); Palau I. VAN DER HORST, C. J. 1926. Madreporaria: (Faulkner). Eupsammidae. No.2. Percy Siaden Trust Expedition. Linn. Soc. London, Trans. Tuhastraeafloreana n. sp. 19(2): 43-53. LESSON, R. P. 1829. Voyage autour du monde Figure 4, 5, 6 sur ... La Coquille, pendant les annees DESCRIPTION: Corallum small, subencrust­ 1822, 1823, 1824, et 1825. Zoologie. Vo!. 2, ing or a small tuft, with cylindrical corallites Part 2. Zoophytes. A. Bertrand, Paris. Indo-Pacific Scleractinian Corals. Part 9-WELLS 219

NEMENZO, F. 1971. Systematic studies on SHERBORN, C. D., and B. B. WOODWARD. Philippine shallow-water scleractinians. 1906. Notes on the dates of the natural VII. Additional forms. Nat. Appl. Sci. Bull. history portions of some French voyages. 23: 141-209. Voyage autour du monde sur ... La SCHEER, G., and C. S. G. PILLAI. 1974. Report Coquille pendant 1822-25 par L. J. on the from the Nicobar Duperrey, etc.-A correction. Ann. Mag. Islands. Zoologica 122: 1-75. Nat. Hist. 17(7): 335-336. SEGUENZA, G. 1880. Le formazione terziairie WELLS, J. W. 1964. Ahermatypic corals from nella provincia di Reggio (Calabria). Atti Queensland. Univ. Queens!. Dept. Zool. R. Accad. Line. 6(3): 1-446. Pap. 2(6): 107-121.