DOCSLIB.ORG

THE NOW of the KINSEY FINDINGS by Wardell B

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
THE NOW of the KINSEY FINDINGS by Wardell B Volume I Number 1 September 1972 Sex Information and Education EPORT Council of the U.S. THE NOW OF THE KINSEY FINDINGS by Wardell B. Pomeroy, Ph.D* There is no question but that sexual mores in 1972 are con- heterosexual behavior as two separate, compartmentalized siderably different from what they were in 1948and in 1953 (the types. This scale, by a single number, can tell the whole story of respective publication dates of Sexual Behavior in the Human the relation of one’s homosexual to one’s heterosexual Male and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female). Hence it is behavior and/or psychic response. Therefore, although the appropriate to examine the significance that these two volumes scale has not caught on to the degree that it might have, I still have for our understanding of the current sexual scene. believe it should become more and more useful with time. If one views, in context, our present attitudes and behavior Another concept developed by the Kinsey research which regarding sex, one recognizes a marked increase in open dis- has changed our thinking has been that of total sexual outlet. cussion of all forms of sexual behavior, an increased accep- Some have objected that to add orgasms derived from mas- tance about the sexual behavior of others, and a gradual in- turbation to those derived from intercourse, for example, is crease in the incidences of masturbation and of premarital, like adding apples and oranges. However, to take into con- postmarital and extramarital intercourse. We do not yet know sideration only a particular form of outlet and to try to deduce whether this increase also applies to homosexuality. from that the extent and nature of an individual’s sexual Regardless, the rate at which all of these increases have oc- interest or drive can give an entirely false picture. Many people curred since the 1920’s seems to have been constant, and hence do exactly that, however, because we are so addicted to using I would contend that we are experiencing a sexual evolution, orgasm from coitus as the sole measurement of sex drive. not a revolution. The Kinsey data also identified certain external factors as Thus the general base lines for sexual behavior as set forth being related to sexual behavior. For example, the research in the two Kinsey volumes were essentially correct then and, showed an inverse correlation between level of religious with the changes indicated above, are correct now. For the devoutness (as measured by church attendance) and sexual ac- most part, the reliability and validity tests of the Kinsey research tivity. Another important and today especially relevant con- were within acceptable limits, with the general observation tribution of the two Kinsey volumes was the information holding that the greater the tabooness of the behavior, the concerning the differences of sexual behavior and attitudes for greater the cover-up of that behavior. different social and -educational levels. These proved to be Because we knew so little about people’ssexual livesother somewhat more striking for males but were nevertheless also than our own (except for a few published clinical cases), the true for females, and appeared to hold nbt only for the U.S. knowledge gained from the Kinsey research of the enormous from its earliest beginnings, but to have their counterparts in range of individual variations in the population at large came as Europe where we originated. Because of today’s greater com- a surprise, and awakened many people to the fact that others munication about sex and the considerable increase in college could have sexual lives vastly different from their own and still attendance, I believe that these social class differences are be within “normal” limits. Obviously the same range of becoming less marked but nevertheless remain real and im- variation must exist today as 25 years ago. portant. Trying to base social policy on upper class mores The scale developed by Kinsey for measuring homosexual without taking into account lower class behavior and attitudes and heterosexual behavior (the O-6 scale) was of prime value in can only throttle communication and thwart advances in breaking away from the confines of classifying homosexual and alleviating sexual problems. In our youth-oriented culture little attention or concern has been given to sex and aging. We noted that in the male *Dr. Pomeroy was Director of Field Research at the Institute for Sex there is an early upsurge of sexual activity, but that it begins to Research from 1943 to 1963, matching Dr. Kinsey in the number of sex decline from the.late teens onward. While this fact may seem interviews he did-8000 each. With Kinsey and others, he co-authored obvious, it was known only superficially when our research Sexual Behavior in the Human Male; Sexual Behavior in the Human began. In studying the female histories, we were surprised to Female; Pregnancy, Birth and Abortion; and Sex Offenders. His re- find that the curve was different, reaching a peak in the twen- cently published book, Dr. Kinsey and The institute for Sex Research, ties, then arriving at a plateau and beginningto taper off only in is reviewed on p. 6 of this issue of the S/ECUS Report. Dr. Pomeroy is currently a psychotherapist and marriage counselor in New York City. Continued on page 2 SPEAKING OUT October 22-28 is American Education Week. In the great October 22-28 is American Education Week. School state of California, which has the highest divorce rate of any systems and legislators conveniently continue to ignore the state in the country (one in two marriages) and far higher vene- reports of three governmental task forces-on Venereal real disease and suicide rates than Sweden, the health educator Disease, on Obscenity and Pornography, on Population Policy (until the recent passage of AB 71, a special bill exempting VD and the American Future-a// recommending comprehensive education from restrictions applying to sex education in the sex education for all age groups. And when community schools) dared not teach 12th graders about venereal diseases, members visit schools during that week, will they be asking their dangers, their prevention. For, if he mentions the word what their schools are doing to implement these recommen- “sex” in the classroom without parental permission, he faces dations? automatic suspension and other penalties. And how can you teach about venereal disease as part of communicable disease October 22-28 is American Education Week. SIECUS con- control without mentioning that it istransmitted by sexual con- tinues to go quietly about its business of helping adults in the tact? professions of medicine, health education, teaching, religion, nursing, to cope with the demands being made on them by October 22-28 is American Education Week. In an East Los young and old alike for more and better education about sex Angeles high school a health educator was forbidden to discuss and family planning. Things that are worthwhile and needed contraceptive methods in a Preparation for Marriage class, on are rarely convenient, but they are exciting and rewarding. All pain of a fine of 500 dollars and permanent loss of credentials over this great country men and women in these and other for teaching within California. Another 12th grade teacher professions are bestirring themselves to join SIECUS in meeting reported that “many of my 12th grade students have two and the challenge, for to return to the dark ages-of fear, guilt and three children already, and it is too late.” (Los Angeles Times, mythology about human sexuality is unthinkable to them. June 12, 1972.) Mary 5. CaIderone, M.D. Ed itor Continued from page 7 the mid-fifties, often considerably after and not related to menopause. In both sexes, however, the longevity of respon- siveness was astonishing: Sexual activity was recorded up to age eighty and above, a finding amply confirmed by several subsequent studies, particularly those of Masters and Johnson. Perhaps in the end the Institute for Sex Research itself will stand as a greater contribution than anything Kinsey published. It is the only one of its kind in the world, with resources that make it a repository without equal. More and more scholars are learning of this tremendous treasure of books, pictures, films, diaries, calendars, magazines, ephemera of every description, and superb art objects, and are using these facilities for research purposes. When one looks at the history of sex research one isstruck Volume I, Number 1 September 1972 with the paucity of studies that are statistically adequate, replicable, theoretically sound, and pragmatically important. The S/ECUS Report is published bi-monthly with volumes There are considerably fewer than 100 such studies. I see the beginning in September. Kinsey reports as among these few, not only for having given us Single copies of this issue are s 1.50. new facts and concepts of what people do sexually, but also Bulk rates are available on request. because they were the first to succeed in creating the at- Subscription information is included on p 15. mosphere of openness and objectivity about observing and Editor-Mary S. Calderone, M.D. talking about human sexuality that was so vital as groundwork Managing Editor-Lorna B. Flynn, M.A. for future research. It has been said that if Freud were alive today he would be Copyright 0 1972 by anti-Freudian; in other words, he would not have remained fix- The Sex Information and Education Council ated at his own early Freudian position. I believe if Kinseywere of the U.S., Inc. 1855 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10023 alive today he would, quite incidentally, be pleased at the changes in openness and attitudes about sex, but primarily he No part of the S/ECUS Report may be reproduced in any form would assuredly takethe position of how much more there is to wrthout written permrssion from the SIECUS Publications Office.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Transgender History / by Susan Stryker
    u.s. $12.95 gay/Lesbian studies Craving a smart and Comprehensive approaCh to transgender history historiCaL and Current topiCs in feminism? SEAL Studies Seal Studies helps you hone your analytical skills, susan stryker get informed, and have fun while you’re at it! transgender history HERE’S WHAT YOU’LL GET: • COVERAGE OF THE TOPIC IN ENGAGING AND AccESSIBLE LANGUAGE • PhOTOS, ILLUSTRATIONS, AND SIDEBARS • READERS’ gUIDES THAT PROMOTE CRITICAL ANALYSIS • EXTENSIVE BIBLIOGRAPHIES TO POINT YOU TO ADDITIONAL RESOURCES Transgender History covers American transgender history from the mid-twentieth century to today. From the transsexual and transvestite communities in the years following World War II to trans radicalism and social change in the ’60s and ’70s to the gender issues witnessed throughout the ’90s and ’00s, this introductory text will give you a foundation for understanding the developments, changes, strides, and setbacks of trans studies and the trans community in the United States. “A lively introduction to transgender history and activism in the U.S. Highly readable and highly recommended.” SUSAN —joanne meyerowitz, professor of history and american studies, yale University, and author of How Sex Changed: A History of Transsexuality In The United States “A powerful combination of lucid prose and theoretical sophistication . Readers STRYKER who have no or little knowledge of transgender issues will come away with the foundation they need, while those already in the field will find much to think about.” —paisley cUrrah, political
    [Show full text]
  • The Swinging Paradigm 2013-10-08 1:41 PM
    The Swinging Paradigm 2013-10-08 1:41 PM Electronic Journal of Human Sexuality, Volume 12, January 23, 2009 www.ejhs.org The Swinging Paradigm: An Evaluation of the Marital and Sexual Satisfaction of Swingers Chapter I: Introduction Development of Personal Interest in the Topic My personal interest in swinging began in 1998 with an article I read about swinging and swingers in the Canadian magazine Saturday Night. In the article the author, Terry Gould, posed the question “Can family values survive sexual adventure?” Gould was referring to what he reported as the steady rise of swinging among the North American population. The article posited that the swinging lifestyle, a context in which married individuals engage in consensual sexual interactions with other individuals, was fast becoming part of the socio/sexual schema of marital relationships (Gould, 1998). Gould argued that swinging was perceived by a large part of the general population as a morally depraved behavior, a threat to the institution of marriage and the fabric of the family unit (Gould, 1998). However, Gould's investigation revealed that couples that participated in swinging activities reported having strong, loving, and committed relationships, and lived otherwise traditional family lives. In other words, swingers were extraordinarily ordinary in all aspects of their lives except in the co- marital, non-monogamous, sexual aspect. Thus, Gould posited, perhaps swingers had found a happy alternative to adultery and sexual boredom (Gould, 1998). However, the assertions made by Gould were anecdotal at best and relied on his interviews with a small number of swingers at a swinger's resort in the west coast.
    [Show full text]
  • Bangor University PROFESSIONAL DOCTORATES Identity and Sexual
    Bangor University PROFESSIONAL DOCTORATES Identity and sexual identity in men with learning disabilities. Withers, Paul Stanley. Award date: 1997 Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 10. Oct. 2021 IDENTITY AND SEXUAL IDENTITY IN MEN WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES Paul Stanley Withers Clinical Psychologist DD t' Ys. IOT LI. YF'RGELL 7 Yl"N UM(; To E CONSULTFD L1BIA. y ONLY Submitted in fulfilment of Part II of the Degree of Doctor of Clinical Psychology University of Wales, Bangor - March 1997 SUMMARY Four men with mild learning disabilities who were known to have had sexual contacts with other men completed semi-structured interviews aimed at eliciting information about the identities they had formed in relation to their sexuality and their learning disabilities. The interview data was transcribed and analysed using a qualitative methodology, Grounded Theory.
    [Show full text]
  • See Our Newsletter Article
    Winter 2012 Table of Contents Contents Digitization Lab Becomes a Reality Dedicated lab moves Kinsey Collections Digitization Project forward. Welcome Justin R. Garcia Dr. Garcia joins us as the new CTRD postgraduate fellow.. Virginia J. Vitzthum Elected AAAS Fellow Dr. Vitzthum is recognized by the world's largest scientific society. Love & War Exhibit Opens in Kinsey Institute Gallery Featuring visual material from the American Civil War to the 21st century, drawn entirely from The Kinsey Institute Collections. 2012 John Money Fellowship Awarded Eli Vitulli is the 2012 John Money Fellow for Scholars of Sexuality. 2012 KI Student Research Grant Winners Announced Graduate student awardees selected for their intriguing research into sex and sexual health. Condom Research Team Featured as Guest Editors A special issue of Sexual Health examines global condom use in the prevention of sexually-transmitted infections. In the News NY Times brief on Dr. Julia Heiman, the "Singles in America" study, and renewed interest in the "Kinsey scale". NEW! Keep up with The Kinsey Institute™ on Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube The mission of The Kinsey Institute is to promote interdisciplinary research and scholarship in the fields of human sexuality, gender, and reproduction. The Institute was founded in 1947 by renowned sex researcher Alfred Kinsey. Today, the Institute has two components, an Indiana University research institute and a not-for-profit corporation, which owns and manages the Institute's research data and archives, collections, and databases. Page 1 Preservation and Access Through the New Digitization Lab Since 2006, The Kinsey Institute has been exploring digital options to preserve the most fragile parts of our collection for historical record, and for use by future researchers and students.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Sexual Behavior in the Human Female by Alfred C. Kinsey
    1954l BOOK REVIEWS is as critical, where criticism is justified, as one can expect a lawyer in his field of practice to be. Perhaps a law school teacher, divorced from the necessity of pleasing the FCC, the networks, AFTRA, and all the other powers that be, could be more biting; but how would he master the vast amount of unreported data? GEORGE OVERTON* * Member of the Illinois Bar. Sexual Behavior in the Human Female. By Alfred C. Kinsey, Wardell B. Pomeroy, Clyde E. Martin, Paul H. Gebhard. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Co., 1953. Pp. xxx, 842. $8.00. When the first volume of this series appeared, Dr. Kinsey received deserved praise for a monumental accomplishment in the face of great technical difficul- ties, and for having brought, for the first time, the scientific discussion of our sexual mores to the community itself. The reviewers took great care lest their technical criticism, which was severe at points, overshadow their respect for this basic achievement.' But this is the second volume and it is many years later; it seems proper, therefore, to explore how much Kinsey has improved his apparatus of inquiry and thereby the significance of his findings. Normally such a question could be left to the statisticians and sociologists. But Kinsey's own aspirations do not permit such limitation. He has directed his book at the community at large, its opinion leaders and its law givers.2 This makes it desirable that they all, along with the findings, have some briefing on the reliability of the apparatus from which these findings emerged.
    [Show full text]
  • Oh! Dr. Kinsey!”: the Life and Work of America’S Pioneer of Sexology
    The Corinthian Volume 10 Article 9 2009 “Oh! Dr. Kinsey!”: The Life and Work of America’s Pioneer of Sexology Mikella Procopio Georgia College & State University Follow this and additional works at: https://kb.gcsu.edu/thecorinthian Part of the Medicine and Health Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Procopio, Mikella (2009) "“Oh! Dr. Kinsey!”: The Life and Work of America’s Pioneer of Sexology," The Corinthian: Vol. 10 , Article 9. Available at: https://kb.gcsu.edu/thecorinthian/vol10/iss1/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Research at Knowledge Box. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Corinthian by an authorized editor of Knowledge Box. “Oh! Dr. Kinsey!” “Oh! Dr. Kinsey!”: The Life and Work of America’s Pioneer of Sexology Mikella Procopio Dr. Scott Butler Faculty Sponsor INTRODUCTION Alfred Kinsey’s two most famous books Sexual Behavior in the Human Male and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female characterized the sexual behaviors of thousands of Americans. The content of these texts shocked the nation and initiated public discourse on one of the last great taboos in our society. Sex was a controversial topic of discussion in the mid-twentieth century and many researchers had flirted with sex research as it related to hygiene, or as we would refer to it today, the prevention of sexually transmitted infections. But for all the research that was available, no one really knew what people did sexually. Kinsey took sexual behavior to task. He interviewed thousands of Americans to discover and report not what people were supposed to do, but what they were actually doing.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origins of the Transgender Phenomenon: the Challenge And
    Scholars Crossing Faculty Publications and Presentations Liberty University School of Law 11-2016 The Origins of the Transgender Phenomenon: The Challenge and Opportunity for Training Lawyers, Judges and Policy Makers in the Historicity of Alfred Kinsey’s Pansexual Worldview Judith Reisman [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/lusol_fac_pubs Part of the Sexuality and the Law Commons Recommended Citation Reisman, Judith, "The Origins of the Transgender Phenomenon: The Challenge and Opportunity for Training Lawyers, Judges and Policy Makers in the Historicity of Alfred Kinsey’s Pansexual Worldview" (2016). Faculty Publications and Presentations. 74. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/lusol_fac_pubs/74 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Liberty University School of Law at Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Origins of the Transgender Phenomenon The challenge and opportunity for training lawyers, judges and policy makers in the historicity1 of Alfred Kinsey’s pansexual worldview Judith Gelernter Reisman, Ph.D. Mary E. McAlister, Esq.2 INTRODUCTION How has the country gone from a “firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence”3 to where defining marriage as the union of one man and one woman is condemned as constitutionally irrational,4 and where the use of sex-separate
    [Show full text]
  • History of LGBT Equality 2016 out and Equal Workplace Summit Government Leadership Day
    History of LGBT Equality 2016 Out and Equal Workplace Summit Government Leadership Day Meghan Walter USDA - Natural Resources Conservation Service [email protected] Two Spirit tradition Mahu Hawaiian term for people who embody both male and female spirit. Photos Below: Hina Wong-Kalu, a transgender native Hawaiian teacher and cultural icon. Early 20th Century • 1924 – The first homosexual rights organization in America is founded— the Society for Human Rights. The group exists for a few months before disbanding under police pressure. • 1942 - Army regulations included for the first time a paragraph defining both the homosexual and "normal" person. • 1948 – Dr. Alfred Kinsey publishes Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953), also known as the Kinsey Reports, as well as the Kinsey scale. • 1950 - A Senate report titled "Employment of Homosexuals and Other Sex Perverts in Government" is distributed to members of Congress. In 1953, Executive Order 10450 is issued by President Eisenhower. "Any criminal, infamous, dishonest, immoral, or notoriously disgraceful conduct, habitual use of intoxicants to excess, drug addiction, or sexual perversion” was grounds for investigation and dismissal from federal employment. Homosexuals were considered as dangerous a threat to national security as Communists. Dr. Frank Kameny, dismissed from federal service in 1957 Also in the 1950’s… Also in the 1950’s… 1964 Civil Rights Act Title VII prohibits discrimination “on the basis of…sex” The Stonewall Riots of 1969 Greenwich Village, New York City 1972 - John Hospers became the first openly gay man to run for President of the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Networks of Many Loves: a History of Alternative Media in the Polyamory Movement Megan Hurson
    University of Colorado, Boulder CU Scholar Journalism & Mass Communication Graduate Journalism & Mass Communication Program Theses & Dissertations Spring 1-1-2016 Networks of Many Loves: a History of Alternative Media in the Polyamory Movement Megan Hurson Follow this and additional works at: http://scholar.colorado.edu/jour_gradetds This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Journalism & Mass Communication Program at CU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journalism & Mass Communication Graduate Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of CU Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NETWORKS OF MANY LOVES: A HISTORY OF ALTERNATIVE MEDIA IN THE POLYAMORY MOVEMENT by MEGAN HURSON B.A., Pennsylvania State University, 2005 M.A., Temple University, 2012 A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Media Studies 2016 i This thesis titled: Networks of Many Loves: A History of Alternative Media in the Polyamory Movement written by Megan Hurson has been approved for the Department of Media Studies Dr. Polly McLean, Ph.D. Dr. Patrick Greaney, Ph.D. Dr. Janet Jacobs, Ph.D. Dr. Kelty Logan, Ph.D. Dr. Michael Tracey, Ph.D Date The final copy of this dissertation has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. IRB protocol # 14-0150, 15-0101 ii ABSTRACT Hurson, Megan (Ph.D., Media Studies) Networks of Many Loves: A History of Alternative Media in the Polyamory Movement Thesis directed by Associate Professor Polly McLean This dissertation examines the role of media and media technologies in the polyamory movement from its emergence in 1984 until present day, 2016.
    [Show full text]
  • LGBT Rights Timeline the Gay Rights Movement Is A
    LGBT Rights Timeline The Gay Rights Movement is a civil rights movement that advocates equal rights for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transsexual individuals. The timeline listed below contains some of the most pivotal events in this movement throughout U.S. and world history. 1924: Henry Gerber founds the Society for Human Rights, the first documented gay rights organization in the United States. The society was chartered by the State of Illinois and published Friendship and Freedom, the first U.S. publication for homosexuals. The Society soon disbands due to political pressures and what Gerber later describes as being “up against a solid wall of ignorance, hypocrisy, meanness, and corruption” (quoted in Williams & Reter, 2003, p. 54). 1928: Radclyffe Hall’s lesbian novel, The Well of Loneliness is published. As a result, homosexuality becomes a topic of public conversation in both the United States and England. 1945: Homosexuals remain interned in Nazi concentration camps after liberation by the Allied forces. This is because Paragraph 175 of the German Criminal Code declared homosexual relations between males to be illegal along with acts such as underage sex abuse and bestiality. 1948: Alfred Kinsey’s landmark book, Sexual Behavior in the Human Male, is published. Kinsey reports that 37% of men he interviewed had participated in homosexual behavior at least once. Based on his research, Kinsey proposes that sexual orientation lies on a continuum from exclusively homosexual to exclusively heterosexual. 1950: Activist Harry Hay founds the Mattachine Society, one of the earliest homophile/homosexual organizations in the United States. Their goal is to organize and advocate for homosexual rights and to reduce the feelings of isolation that many gays and lesbians of the time are experiencing.
    [Show full text]
  • Polyamory and Polyanimosity? Loving/Hating the World Otherwise Through Contractual Bonding with Any Significant Other - /
    Alternative view of segmented documents via Kairos 19 February 2018 | Draft Global Civilization through Interweaving Polyamory and Polyanimosity? Loving/Hating the world otherwise through contractual bonding with any significant other - / - Introduction "Marrying" an "other" whatever the form Promiscuity, "domestic abuse", alienation and divorce Polyamory: polygamy, polyandry and polygyny Varieties of love and like required for comprehension of polyamory Varieties of hate and dislike required for comprehension of "polyanimosity" Interrelating love and hate in terms of degrees and depths of intensity Contractual relationship cognitively framed Global implications of dynamic interweaving of polyamory and polyanimosity Encoding meaningful psychosocial complexity otherwise Indicating transformations between forms of polyamory and polyanimosity as "visual anagrams"? Multiplicity of relational conditions and any "standard model" References Introduction Much is currently made of same-sex marriage as a breakthrough in the legality of consensual bonding between those of the same gender. The matter remains highly controversial, as with issues of divorce, contraception and abortion. Individually they are all potentially the focus of a national referendum of some kind. With respect to same-sex marriage, examples include: Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey, 2017; Croatian constitutional referendum, 2013; Irish same-sex marriage referendum, 2015; Slovak same-sex marriage referendum, 2015; Slovenian same-sex marriage referendum, 2015. The issue typically
    [Show full text]
  • CITYWIDE HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT for LGBTQ HISTORY in SAN FRANCISCO Donna J
    CITYWIDE HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT FOR LGBTQ HISTORY IN SAN FRANCISCO Donna J. Graves & Shayne E. Watson © GREG DAY Prepared for the City & County of San Francisco October 2015 October 2015 | Copyright City and County of San Francisco TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .........................................................................1 CHAPTER 2. LGBTQ HISTORY ..........................................................................4 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND – CALIFORNIA AND SAN FRANCISCO .......5 Early INFLUENCES ON LGBTQ IDENTITIES AND COMMUNITIES (19TH Century TO 1950S) ........................................................................13 Early DEVELOPMENT OF LGBTQ COMMUNITIES (Early 20TH Century TO 1960S) .............................................................52 POLICING AND HARASSMENT (1933 TO 1960S)...................................105 HOMOPHILE MOVEMENTS (1950S TO 1960S) ......................................132 EVOLUTION OF LGBTQ ENCLAVES AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEW NEIGHBORHOODS (1960S TO 1980S) ..........................................157 Gay Liberation, PRIDE, AND POLITICS (1960S TO 1990S) .................180 BUILDING LGBTQ COMMUNITIES (1960S TO 1990S) ...........................238 LGBTQ MEDICINE (1940S TO 1970S) .....................................................286 SAN FRANCISCO AND THE AIDS EPIDEMIC (1981 TO 1990S) .............292 CHAPTER 3. METHODOLOGY .....................................................................316 CHAPTER 4. HOW-TO-GUIDE FOR PRESERVING LGBTQ HISTORIC PROPERTIES IN SAN
    [Show full text]