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Heat Treating of Aluminum Alloys
ASM Handbook, Volume 4: Heat Treating Copyright © 1991 ASM International® ASM Handbook Committee, p 841-879 All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1361/asmhba0001205 www.asminternational.org Heat Treating of Aluminum Alloys HEAT TREATING in its broadest sense, • Aluminum-copper-magnesium systems The mechanism of strengthening from refers to any of the heating and cooling (magnesium intensifies precipitation) precipitation involves the formation of co- operations that are performed for the pur- • Aluminum-magnesium-silicon systems herent clusters of solute atoms (that is, the pose of changing the mechanical properties, with strengthening from Mg2Si solute atoms have collected into a cluster the metallurgical structure, or the residual • Aluminum-zinc-magnesium systems with but still have the same crystal structure as stress state of a metal product. When the strengthening from MgZn2 the solvent phase). This causes a great deal term is applied to aluminum alloys, howev- • Aluminum-zinc-magnesium-copper sys- of strain because of mismatch in size be- er, its use frequently is restricted to the tems tween the solvent and solute atoms. Conse- specific operations' employed to increase quently, the presence of the precipitate par- strength and hardness of the precipitation- The general requirement for precipitation ticles, and even more importantly the strain hardenable wrought and cast alloys. These strengthening of supersaturated solid solu- fields in the matrix surrounding the coher- usually are referred to as the "heat-treat- tions involves the formation of finely dis- ent particles, provide higher strength by able" alloys to distinguish them from those persed precipitates during aging heat treat- obstructing and retarding the movement of alloys in which no significant strengthening ments (which may include either natural aging dislocations. -
How Mpos Helps Food Trucks Keep up with Modern Customers
FEBRUARY 2019 How mPOS Helps Food Trucks Keep Up With Modern Customers How mPOS solutions Fiserv to acquire First Data How mPOS helps drive food truck supermarkets compete (News and Trends) vendors’ businesses (Deep Dive) 7 (Feature Story) 11 16 mPOS Tracker™ © 2019 PYMNTS.com All Rights Reserved TABLEOFCONTENTS 03 07 11 What’s Inside Feature Story News and Trends Customers demand smooth cross- Nhon Ma, co-founder and co-owner The latest mPOS industry headlines channel experiences, providers of Belgian waffle company Zinneken’s, push mPOS solutions in cash-scarce and Frank Sacchetti, CEO of Frosty Ice societies and First Data will be Cream, discuss the mPOS features that acquired power their food truck operations 16 23 181 Deep Dive Scorecard About Faced with fierce eTailer competition, The results are in. See the top Information on PYMNTS.com supermarkets are turning to customer- scorers and a provider directory and Mobeewave facing scan-and-go-apps or equipping featuring 314 players in the space, employees with handheld devices to including four additions. make purchasing more convenient and win new business ACKNOWLEDGMENT The mPOS Tracker™ was done in collaboration with Mobeewave, and PYMNTS is grateful for the company’s support and insight. PYMNTS.com retains full editorial control over the findings presented, as well as the methodology and data analysis. mPOS Tracker™ © 2019 PYMNTS.com All Rights Reserved February 2019 | 2 WHAT’S INSIDE Whether in store or online, catering to modern consumers means providing them with a unified retail experience. Consumers want to smoothly transition from online shopping to browsing a physical retail store, and 56 percent say they would be more likely to patronize a store that offered them a shared cart across channels. -
A Survey of Al7075 Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2013): 4.438 A Survey of Al7075 Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites Rajendra .S .K1, Ramesha .C .M2 1Research Scholar, Jain University, Bengaluru, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru Abstract:A composite material is a combination of two or more chemically distinct and insoluble phases; its properties and structural performance are superior to those of the constituents acting independently. Metals and ceramics, as well, can be embedded with particles or fibers, to improve their properties; these combinations are known as Metal-Matrix composites. Aluminum 7075 alloy constitutes a very important engineering material widely employed in the aircraft and aerospace industry for the manufacturing of different parts and components. It is due to its high strength to density ratio that it a sought after metal matrix composite. In this paper we present a survey of Al 7075 Metal Matrix Composites. Keywords: Metal Matrix Composites (MMC’s), Aluminium Metal Matrix, Beryl, Al7075, Aluminium alloy 1. Introduction Aluminium alloy 7075 is an aluminium alloy, with zinc as the primary alloying element. It is strong, with a strength The effects of research in Aluminium based Metal Matrix comparable to many steels, and has good fatigue strength and Composites (MMC’s) are far reaching these days. These average machinability, but has less resistance to corrosion composites find various applications in the automobile than many other Al alloys. Its relatively high cost limits its industry, the aerospace industry and in defence and marine use to applications where cheaper alloys are not suitable. -
PCI) PIN Transaction Security (PTS) Point of Interaction (POI
Payment Card Industry (PCI) PIN Transaction Security (PTS) Point of Interaction (POI) Modular Security Requirements Version 3.0 April 2010 Document Changes Date Version Description February 2010 3.x RFC version April 2010 3.0 Public release Payment Card Industry PTS POI Security Requirements v3.0 April 2010 Copyright 2010 PCI Security Standards Council LLC Page i Table of Contents Document Changes ..................................................................................................................... i About This Document ............................................................................................................... iv Purpose.....................................................................................................................................iv Scope of the Document.............................................................................................................iv Main Differences from Previous Version................................................................................... v Process Flow for PTS Approval ................................................................................................vi Foreword ................................................................................................................................... vii Evaluation Domains .................................................................................................................vii Device Management ................................................................................................................vii -
Machining of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys / 763
ASM Handbook, Volume 16: Machining Copyright © 1989 ASM International® ASM Handbook Committee, p 761-804 All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1361/asmhba0002184 www.asminternational.org MachJning of Aluminum and AlumJnum Alloys ALUMINUM ALLOYS can be ma- -r.. _ . lul Tools with small rake angles can normally chined rapidly and economically. Because be used with little danger of burring the part ," ,' ,,'7.,','_ ' , '~: £,~ " ~ ! f / "' " of their complex metallurgical structure, or of developing buildup on the cutting their machining characteristics are superior ,, A edges of tools. Alloys having silicon as the to those of pure aluminum. major alloying element require tools with The microconstituents present in alumi- larger rake angles, and they are more eco- num alloys have important effects on ma- nomically machined at lower speeds and chining characteristics. Nonabrasive con- feeds. stituents have a beneficial effect, and ,o IIR Wrought Alloys. Most wrought alumi- insoluble abrasive constituents exert a det- num alloys have excellent machining char- rimental effect on tool life and surface qual- acteristics; several are well suited to multi- ity. Constituents that are insoluble but soft B pie-operation machining. A thorough and nonabrasive are beneficial because they e,,{' , understanding of tool designs and machin- assist in chip breakage; such constituents s,~ ,.t ing practices is essential for full utilization are purposely added in formulating high- of the free-machining qualities of aluminum strength free-cutting alloys for processing in alloys. high-speed automatic bar and chucking ma- Strain-hardenable alloys (including chines. " ~ ~p /"~ commercially pure aluminum) contain no In general, the softer ailoys~and, to a alloying elements that would render them lesser extent, some of the harder al- c • o c hardenable by solution heat treatment and ,p loys--are likely to form a built-up edge on precipitation, but they can be strengthened the cutting lip of the tool. -
Aluminium Alloys Chemical Composition Pdf
Aluminium alloys chemical composition pdf Continue Alloy in which aluminum is the predominant lye frame of aluminum welded aluminium alloy, manufactured in 1990. Aluminum alloys (or aluminium alloys; see spelling differences) are alloys in which aluminium (Al) is the predominant metal. Typical alloy elements are copper, magnesium, manganese, silicon, tin and zinc. There are two main classifications, namely casting alloys and forged alloys, both further subdivided into heat-treatable and heat-free categories. Approximately 85% of aluminium is used for forged products, e.g. laminated plates, foils and extrusions. Aluminum cast alloys produce cost-effective products due to their low melting point, although they generally have lower tensile strength than forged alloys. The most important cast aluminium alloy system is Al–Si, where high silicon levels (4.0–13%) contributes to giving good casting features. Aluminum alloys are widely used in engineering structures and components where a low weight or corrosion resistance is required. [1] Alloys composed mostly of aluminium have been very important in aerospace production since the introduction of metal leather aircraft. Aluminum-magnesium alloys are both lighter than other aluminium alloys and much less flammable than other alloys containing a very high percentage of magnesium. [2] Aluminum alloy surfaces will develop a white layer, protective of aluminum oxide, if not protected by proper anodization and/or dyeing procedures. In a wet environment, galvanic corrosion can occur when an aluminum alloy is placed in electrical contact with other metals with a more positive corrosion potential than aluminum, and an electrolyte is present that allows the exchange of ions. -
Thermophysical Properties of Materials for Water Cooled Reactors
XA9744411 IAEA-TECDOC-949 Thermophysical properties of materials for water cooled reactors June 1997 ¥DL 2 8 fe 2 Q The IAEA does not normally maintain stocks of reports in this series. However, microfiche copies of these reports can be obtained from IN IS Clearinghouse International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramerstrasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria Orders should be accompanied by prepayment of Austrian Schillings 100,- in the form of a cheque or in the form of IAEA microfiche service coupons which may be ordered separately from the IN IS Clearinghouse. IAEA-TECDOC-949 Thermophysical properties of materials for water cooled reactors WJ INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY /A\ June 1997 The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Nuclear Power Technology Development Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramerstrasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS FOR WATER COOLED REACTORS IAEA, VIENNA, 1997 IAEA-TECDOC-949 ISSN 1011-4289 ©IAEA, 1997 Printed by the IAEA in Austria June 1997 FOREWORD The IAEA Co-ordinated Research Programme (CRP) to establish a thermophysical properties data base for light and heavy water reactor materials was organized within the framework of the IAEA's International Working Group on Advanced Technologies for Water Cooled Reactors. The work within the CRP started in 1990. The objective of the CRP was to collect and systematize a thenmophysical properties data base for light and heavy water reactor materials under normal operating, transient and accident conditions. The important thermophysical properties include thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity, enthalpy, thermal expansion and others. -
International Alloy Designations and Chemical Composition Limits for Wrought Aluminum and Wrought Aluminum Alloys
International Alloy Designations and Chemical Composition Limits for Wrought Aluminum and Wrought Aluminum Alloys 1525 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209 www.aluminum.org With Support for On-line Access From: Aluminum Extruders Council Australian Aluminium Council Ltd. European Aluminium Association Japan Aluminium Association Alro S.A, R omania Revised: January 2015 Supersedes: February 2009 © Copyright 2015, The Aluminum Association, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction and sale by photocopy or any other method is illegal . Use of the Information The Aluminum Association has used its best efforts in compiling the information contained in this publication. Although the Association believes that its compilation procedures are reliable, it does not warrant, either expressly or impliedly, the accuracy or completeness of this information. The Aluminum Association assumes no responsibility or liability for the use of the information herein. All Aluminum Association published standards, data, specifications and other material are reviewed at least every five years and revised, reaffirmed or withdrawn. Users are advised to contact The Aluminum Association to ascertain whether the information in this publication has been superseded in the interim between publication and proposed use. CONTENTS Page FOREWORD ........................................................................................................... i SIGNATORIES TO THE DECLARATION OF ACCORD ..................................... ii-iii REGISTERED DESIGNATIONS AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION -
AAM > Applications
Materials – Microstructure and properties Table of contents 4 Microstructure and properties .................................................................................................. 2 4.1 Properties & microstructure determine the behaviour of automotive aluminium ............. 2 4.2 Mechanical behaviour ...................................................................................................... 3 4.2.1 Mechanical behaviour: elastic behaviour, plastic behaviour and fracture behaviour3 4.2.2 Elastic behaviour....................................................................................................... 5 4.2.3 Plastic behaviour....................................................................................................... 7 4.2.4 Fracture behaviour .................................................................................................... 8 4.2.5 Effects of microstructure on ductility and fracture ................................................... 10 4.2.6 Mechanical properties at elevated temperatures .................................................... 11 4.2.7 Fatigue behaviour ................................................................................................... 12 4.3 Physical properties ......................................................................................................... 13 4.3.1 Physical properties of 99.99% pure aluminium ...................................................... 13 4.3.2 Physical properties of wrought alloys and casting alloys ...................................... -
Applications – Power Train – Pistons
Applications – Power train – Pistons Table of Contents 1 Pistons .................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Pistons for gasoline and diesel engines .......................................................................... 2 1.2 Operating conditions ........................................................................................................3 1.3 Piston materials ............................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Design considerations for automotive pistons ................................................................. 8 1.5 Current examples of aluminium pistons......................................................................... 10 1.6 Outlook........................................................................................................................... 13 Version 2011 © European Aluminium Association ([email protected]) 1 1 Pistons 1.1 Pistons for gasoline and diesel engines In an internal combustion engine, pistons convert the thermal into mechanical energy. The functions of the pistons are to transmit the gas forces via the connecting rod to the crank shaft, to seal - in conjunction with the piston rings - the combustion chamber against gas leakage to the crankcase and to prevent the infiltration of oil from the crankcase into the combustion chamber, to dissipate the absorbed combustion heat to the cylinder liner and the cooling oil. Aluminium alloys -
2011 Holiday Strategy Guide Part2
Holiday Coffee Outline Select your ten best customers/friends. Call and use this script……. How would you like to get anything you want from Mary Kay at Half Price? Well, it’s easy and it’s fun. Have a Holiday Shopping Coffee, Invite as many women as you would like and when we sell at least $200.00 you can order anything you want for half price! All you have to prepare is Coffee and Dessert! Set a Date and Time: Which would be better for you ________or______? How to display products…. Arrive with each holiday fragrance collection in a separate bags. Put them out in a festive bag or decorative box to display them. Have one display table with all items on it. Also have 3-4 gift ideas already made up to display. (Snowman Soup, Coffee and Cream, Kissable Lips etc.) Also have a small bowl with coffee beans for cleansing your nose between fragrances. When Guests Arrive….. Do Satin Hands on every guest. (Make sure you have Fragrance Free option available). Give each guest a pen, sales ticket, Wish List, Skin Care Profile & Look Book. Take each fragrance out of the individual bag and describe and romance it, one collection at a time. Explain fragrance layering and give prices. Have cotton balls sprayed and wrapped in netting so are not spraying every different fragrance into the air. Have a Gift with purchase offer for that event only. Very Important to say during your presentation: When you see something you would like, just write it on your sale ticket. -
Failing Function Codes, Failing Items, and Symbolic Frus
Power Systems Failing function codes, failing items, and symbolic FRUs IBM Power Systems Failing function codes, failing items, and symbolic FRUs IBM Note Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Safety notices” on page v, “Notices” on page 283, the IBM Systems Safety Notices manual, G229-9054, and the IBM Environmental Notices and User Guide, Z125–5823. This edition applies to IBM Power Systems™ servers that contain the POWER9™ processor and to all associated models. © Copyright IBM Corporation 2018. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents Safety notices ................................. v Failing function codes, failing items, and symbolic FRUs .............. 1 Failing function codes ................................ 1 Failing items .................................. 158 Symbolic FRUs .................................. 177 Notices ................................... 283 Accessibility features for IBM Power Systems servers ..................... 284 Privacy policy considerations ............................. 285 Trademarks ................................... 286 Electronic emission notices .............................. 286 Class A Notices................................. 286 Class B Notices................................. 290 Terms and conditions................................ 293 © Copyright IBM Corp. 2018 iii iv Safety notices Safety notices may be printed throughout this guide: v DANGER notices