Strasbourg, 14 April 2008 AP/CAT (2008) 1 rev bil
ACCORD EUROPEEN ET MEDITERRANEEN EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEEN SUR LES RISQUES MAJEURS MAJOR HAZARDS AGREEMENT (EUR-OPA) (EUR-OPA) RESEAU DES CENTRES EURO-MEDITERRANEENS SPECIALISES DE L'ACCORD EUR-OPA RISQUES MAJEURS
ACTIVITES DE BASE EN 2007
NETWORK OF SPECIALISED EURO-MEDITERRANEAN CENTRES OF THE EUR- OPA MAJOR HAZARDS AGREEMENT
BASIC ACTIVITIES IN 2007
www.coe.int/europarisks 2 TABLE DES MATIERES / CONTENTS
ALGERIA / ALGÉRIE 5
CRSTRA - CENTRE EURO -MEDITERRANEEN DE RECHERCHE SICENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE REGIONS ARIDES / EURO -MEDITERRANEAN CENTER ON SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL RESEARCH IN ARID ZONES (B ISKRA ) 5
ARMENIA / ARMENIE 8
ECTR - EUROPEAN INTERREGIONAL EDUCATIONAL CENTRE FOR TRAINING RESCUERS / CENTRE EUROPEEN DE FORMATION INTER -REGIONALE POUR LES SAUVETEURS (Y EREVAN ) 8
AZERBAIJAN /AZERBAÏDJAN 13
ECMHT - EUROPEAN CENTRE ON TRAINING AND INFORMATION OF LOCAL AND REGIONAL AUTHORITIES AND POPULATION IN THE FIELD OF NATURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL DISASTERS / CENTRE EUROPÉEN DE FORMATION DES AUTORITÉS LOCALES ET RÉGIONALES DANS LE DOMAINE DES CATASTROPHES NATURELLES ET TECHNOLOGIQUES (B AKU ) 13
BELGIUM /BELGIQUE 14
ISPU - HIGHER INSTITUTE OF EMERGENCY PLANNING / INSTITUT SUPERIEUR DE PLANIFICATION D 'U RGENCE (F LORIVAL ) 14
BULGARIA / BULGARIE 17
CSLT - EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR RISK PREVENTION TRAINING AT SCHOOL LEVEL / CENTRE EUROPEEN SUR LA FORMATION SCOLAIRE A LA PREVENTION DES RISQUES (S OFIA ) 17
CYPRUS /CHYPRE 18
BE-SAFE-NET – EUROPEAN CENTER FOR DISASTER AWARENESS THROUGH INTERNET / CENTRE EUROPEEN POUR LA SENSIBILISATION AUX DESASTRES A TRAVERS INTERNET (N ICOSIA ) 18
FRANCE 19
CERG - EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR SEISMIC AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL HAZARDS / CENTRE EUROPEEN SUR LES RISQUES GEOMORPHOLOGIQUES (S TRASBOURG ) 19 CSEM – CENTRE SISMOLOGIQUE EURO -MEDITERRANEEN / EUROPEAN MEDITERRANEAN SEISMOLOGICAL CENTRE , (B RUYERES -LE -CHATEL ) 23
GEORGIA /GEORGIE 24 3
GHHD - EUROPEAN CENTRE ON GEODYNAMICAL RISKS OF HIGH DAMS / CENTRE EUROPEEN SUR LES RISQUES GEODYNAMIQUES LIES AUX GRANDS BARRAGES (T BILISI ) 24
GREECE / GRECE 27
ECPFE - EUROPEAN CENTRE ON PREVENTION AND FORECASTING OF EARTHQUAKES / CENTRE EUROPEEN SUR LA PREVENTION ET LA PREVISION DES TREMBLEMENTS DE TERRE (A THENS ) 27 ECFF - EUROPEAN CENTRE ON FOREST FIRES / CENTRE EUROPEEN SUR LES FEUX DE FORETS (A THENS ) 31
LUXEMBURG / LUXEMBOURG 32
ECGS - EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR GEODYNAMICS AND SEISMOLOGY / CENTRE EUROPEEN DE GEODYNAMIQUE ET DE SISMOLOGIE (WALFERDANGE ) 32
FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA/ EX-REPUBLIQUE YOUGOSLAVE DE MACEDOINE 35
ECILS - EUROPEAN CENTRE ON THE VULNERABILITY OF INDUSTRIAL AND LIFELINE SYSTEMS / CENTRE EUROPEEN SUR LA VULNERABILITE DES SYSTEMES ET RESEAUX INDUSTRIELS (S KOPJE ) 35
MALTA / MALTE 36
IC OD - EURO -MEDITERRANEAN CENTRE ON INSULAR COASTAL DYNAMICS / CENTRE EUROPEEN DE LA DYNAMIQUE COTIERE INSULAIRE (L A VALETTA ) 36
MOLDOVA 37
ECMNR - EUROPEAN CENTER FOR MITIGATION OF NATURAL RISKS / CENTRE POUR LA REDUCTION DES RISQUES NATURELS (C HISINAU ) 37
MORROCO / MAROC 39
CEPRIS – EURO -MEDITERRANEAN CENTER FOR EVALUATION AND PREVENTION OF SEISMIC RISK / CENTRE EURO -MEDITERRANEEN SUR L ’E VALUATION ET LA PREVENTION DU RISQUE SISMIQUE (R ABAT ) 39
PORTUGAL 44
CERU - EUROPEAN CENTER ON URBAN RISKS / CENTRE EUROPEEN SUR LES RISQUES URBAINS (L ISBON ) 44
ROMANIA / ROUMANIE 45
ECBR - EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS / CENTRE EUROPEEN POUR LA REHABILITATION DES BATIMENTS , (B UCHAREST ) 45 4
RUSSIAN FEDERATION / FEDERATION DE RUSSIE
ECNTRM- EUROPEAN CENTER FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN MANAGEMENT RISKS (MOSCOW) 46
SAN MARINO / SAINT-MARIN 48
CEMEC - EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR DISASTER MEDICINE / CENTRE EUROPEEN POUR LA MEDECINE DES CATASTROPHES (S AN MARINO ) 48
TURKEY / TURQUIE 49
AFEM - EUROPEAN NATURAL DISASTERS TRAINING CENTRE / CENTRE EUROPEEN DE FORMATION SUR LES RISQUES NATURELS (A NKARA ) 49
UKRAINE 54
TESEC - EUROPEAN CENTRE OF TECHNOLOGICAL SAFETY / CENTRE EUROPEEN DE SECURITE TECHNOLOGIQUE (K IEV ) 54
ITALIE/ITALY 57
CUEBC - EUROPEAN CENTRE OF TECHNOLOGICAL SAFETY / CENTRE EUROPEEN DE SECURITE 57 TECHNOLOGIQUE (K IEV ) 57
FRANCE 59
CETICA – CENTRE EURO -MEDITERRANEEN POUR LES TECHNOLOGIES DE L’I NFORMATION ET LES COMMUNICATIONS APPLIQUEES A LA GESTION DES RISQUES (D RAGUIGNAN ) 59
5
ALGERIA / ALGÉRIE
CRSTRA - Centre Euro-Méditerranéen de recherche sicentifique et technique régions arides/ Euro-Mediterranean Center on scientific and technical research in arid zones (Biskra) Outre les travaux de recherche menés continuellement par le Centre , son importance dans les études, les concertations et la participation dans les suivis des schémas régionaux et nationaux en matière d’aménagement du Territoire, de Tourisme d’hydraulique, l’étude et création des pôles d’excellence et de compétitivité…nous avons donné une plus grande importance en caractère « Education/Sensibilisation et Formation d’une part et aux manifestations scientifiques nationales et/ou internationales en rapport direct avec les problèmes de l’heure et les missions assignées au Centre. 1- Education/ Sensibilisation
Cette activité orientée dans un premier temps vers les enfants scolarisés du niveau collège, sur les risques des changements climatiques en milieux arides et semi arides et ce, en partenariat avec l’accord « EUR OPA Risques Majeurs ». A cet effet, un cours pilote portant « Education/sensibilisation environnementale sur les risques liés à l’environnement » a eu lieu en avril 2007. Sur proposition du CRSTRA à vouloir généraliser le cours au bénéfice des collégiens de la première année, un accord a été donné par les services de l’éducation de la wilaya de Biskra. Une reproduction du fascicule du cours en plusieurs exemplaires, pour satisfaire l’ensemble des élèves des classes de la première année moyenne de la ville de Biskra, se fera en 2008. Ce qui doit, par une activité continue, déboucher sur un Web/télé pour les enfants et par les enfants à même capables d’apporter leurs propres contributions à la gestion des risques liés aux changements climatiques. 2- Formation Un accent particulier a été donné aux outils d’exploitation des données et d’aide à la décision à travers les programmes SIG, Télédétection et un cycle de formation sur les concepts et outils pour la recherche / développement au profit des chercheurs du Centre. Ces formations constituant une clé de voûte de toute valorisation de recherche, doivent être maintenues continues et régulières pour les années à venir. Ces outils techniques sont à l’heure actuelle des moyens d’exploration incontournables tant pour la recherche que pour la gestion des risques majeurs (Sécheresse /désertification, inondations...) 3- Des journées internationales sur les changements climatiques sur les régions arides et semi arides Elles ont eu lieu du 15 au 17 Décembre 2007 pour un large auditoire lui permettant de présenter les travaux élaborés dans le domaine. Cette manifestation scientifique menée en partenariat avec l’Accord « EUR OPA Risques Majeurs » a pris en charge l’impact des changements climatiques et les stratégies à développer pour y faire face. SYNTHESE DES RECOMMANDATIONS
1- Créer un système d'information sur les activités nationales ayant trait aux changements climatiques dans les différents secteurs (travaux réalisés, travaux en cours, projets, profils des chercheurs et collaborateurs, points de contact dans les différentes institutions) ; 6 2- Encourager nos jeunes chercheurs à s'impliquer davantage dans la problématique des changements climatiques ; 3- Former des spécialistes en changements climatiques (Proposition d'un Master option changements climatiques) ; 4- Instaurer un système d'accompagnement pour les jeunes chercheurs ; 5- Créer une infrastructure pour aider les chercheurs à identifier les opportunités de recherche et les sources de financement ainsi que la formulation de projets ; 6- Renforcer d'avantage les connexions entre les différents centres de recherche et institutions concernés par les changements climatiques ; 7- Impliquer le CRSTRA dans tous les projets touchant les zones arides et semi arides ; 8- Promouvoir et participer au développement des énergies renouvelables, comme une alternative aux énergies fossiles, réduisant les émissions des gaz à effet de serre ; 9- Evaluer et prendre en considération les travaux réalisés sur la steppe. (HCDS et autres) ; 10- Prendre en considération les impacts économiques et sociaux dans les projets de recherche ; 11- Classer le système oasien en tant que modèle de gestion durable ; 12- Amélioration des espèces végétales et animales (par le génie génétique, la culture in vitro, la biotechnologie …) pour une meilleure adaptation face aux changements climatiques brusques ; 13- Accentuer les travaux sur la caractérisation du climat, sa variabilité dans le temps et dans l’espace. Suivre et diagnostiquer les impacts du climat et des changements climatiques sur les composantes des écosystèmes et des activités humaines ; 14- Développer des dispositifs adaptés pour la collecte des données climatiques à travers un réseau de stations météorologiques suffisamment dense ; 15- Maîtriser et développer des outils de caractérisation des climats antérieurs telles que la dendroclimatologie ; 16- Encourager les études et recherches sur les possibilités d’adaptation à la sécheresse et à la désertification ; 17- Les écosystèmes sahariens arides et semi arides doivent bénéficier d’une attention particulière de la part de la recherche en vue de l’élaboration d’indicateurs agro écologiques et socioéconomiques des changements climatiques. A cet effet, un réseau établie sur un maillage rigoureux devrait permettre dans un premier temps, d’affiner ces indicateurs et dans un moyen et long terme, de constituer les premiers éléments d’alerte précoce permettant de prendre des mesures opportunes pour atténuer les effets des changements climatiques, et de mettre à la disposition des décideurs des outils pertinents de planification. Ce maillage doit être impérativement basé sur l’outil spatial et les systèmes d’informations géographiques ; 18- Les ksour et les oasis sont le siège de la conservation in sit u et de savoir faire des populations locales. A ce titre, ils doivent bénéficier de programmes prioritaires de conservation et de maintien des patrimoines biologiques et génétiques notamment en ce qui concerne les espèces cultivées et apparentées. La réhabilitation des ksour et des oasis doit être intégrée comme action incontournable dans les programmes de développement. Aussi, les programmes de recherche sur les espèces animales domestiques notamment les ovins, les caprins et les camelins doivent être encouragés ; la recherche et l’acquisition des connaissance sur les espèces animales sauvages comme les gazelles, mouflons, outardes et certaines espèces endémiques doivent être prises en compte en tant qu’indicateurs sensibles aux modifications du climat et ils doivent faire l’objet d’une attention particulière à travers la création de zones de protection spéciales et d’aires protégées ; 19- La conception et la mise en œuvre d’une stratégie nationale d’adaptation aux changements climatiques, doit obligatoirement partir des besoins exprimés par la population locale en relation avec toutes les parties prenantes, afin d’améliorer les conditions de vie tout en maintenant les potentialités naturelles ; 20- Le renforcement des capacités scientifiques, techniques et d’expertises dans tous les domaines notamment la formation, les infrastructures, les équipements et 7 l’information. Le volet collaboration internationale doit être orienté principalement vers la formation et les transferts des technologies et d’échanges d’expériences ; 21 Mesurer l’impact du Plan National de Développement Agricole qui a multiplié le nombre de puits sollicitant la ressource. Exemple : Tébessa autrefois céréales, puits pomme de terre donc consommation d’eau. Engrais ; 22 Développer des outils adaptés : SIG des zones irriguées, inventaire actualisé des forages ANRH, modèles mathématiques, géophysique, piézométrie pour le suivi des fluctuations et de la qualité ; 23 Former et sensibiliser les principaux acteurs (scientifiques, décideurs, habitants) sur le climat et les changements climatiques ; 24 Si tendance se confirme il serait nécessité de s’adapter à la sécheresse. Risque d’aggravation des conditions actuelles. Donc, mettre en œuvre des bonnes pratiques pour anticiper l’effet des changements ; 25- Economiser l’eau en adoptant des techniques innovantes, en adaptant les cultures aux conditions locales et en entretenant les réseaux de distribution (fuites) ; 26-Cartographie moderne, à une échelle pertinente, des sols ; 27- prendre en considération les déchets des stations de dessalement ; 28 Facilitation de l’accès à la production scientifique réalisée dans les différentes institutions en Algérie sur les changements climatiques, de façon à homogénéiser et unifier la connaissance scientifique ; 29 Encourager sa diffusion à partir de sites web ; 30 Point focal le CRSTRA. 8
ARMENIA / ARMENIE
ECTR - European Interregional Educational Centre for Training Rescuers / Centre Européen de Formation Inter-Régionale pour les Sauveteurs (Yerevan)
In 2007 an updated final version of the universal document: “The Methodology and Plan for action aiming to develop and hold of National and Municipal Campaigns on informing and warning the population about emergencies at central and municipal levels: basis for a regional early warning system for Southern Caucasian countries and neighboring states in trans boundary emergencies” was prepared and it has been translated into English for future submision to the “Agreement” Secretariat. 1. Development of additional information materials for the use of the municipalities with special risks In 2007 the final variants of additional informational modules for municipalities with special risks have been developed: one for the municipalities at probable radiological risk, another for the municipalities having enterprises where hazardous materials are produced, used or stored and the third one for the municipalities situated in flood prone areas in close proximity to reservoir high pressure dikes. These information modules were updated drawn on the outcomes of debates in which some relevant scientific workers and specialists took part as well as drawn on the comments and proposals from specialists and leading officials of Ministries, Departments, Spatial planning authorities and local governance received during carrying out training exercises and emergency exercises at installations. Basing on the above information materials, a number of discussions and consultations were provided within the framework of a training course: “Organization of informing and warning the population about emergencies” by the ECTR specialists during running a staff refresher training course in the State Crisis Management Academy. At present, the draft variants of the English translation of the following information materials for municipalities at special risk have been prepared: • A Guide for the population of the Republic of Armenia on how to proceed if a nuclear threat in the Armenian nuclear power plant seems imminent or is real (priority action undertaken by the population) • A Guide on the rules of behavior at a real threat of a flood risk or in the case of its occurring ( priority action undertaken by the population) • A Guide on rules of behavior for the population located in the zones that are likely to be polluted by chemical substances (priority action undertaken by the population). Earlier we have already prepared and translated into English a Project: “A Guide for families and individuals living in the Republic of Armenia on how to prepare and survive in the case of a strong earthquake” (priority action undertaken by the populations). At present the English translation of the refined and updated variant of the above Guide is already available. As soon as the above information materials are appropriately edited and finally polished, they will be submitted to the “Agreement” Secretariat. 2. Development of information materials for special targeted population groups (school and preschool administration, teachers, students and their parents, foreign speakers,..). In 2007 the main focus rested with the development of additional information materials for school and preschool establishments. The above materials are being created to supplement the basic and additional information materials for municipalities at special risks, which being assigned to the general public, naturally are assigned for the use of school and preschool establishments. However owing to their specifics the schools and 9 preschool establishments need to be provided with more detailed and easier accessible teaching and methodological information materials. 2.1. In 2007 the ECTR has continued developing a Text book for schools: “The basis of survival in emergencies”. It is being created drawn on more than 30 thematic chapters addressing dimensions in safe living that have been previously developed and updated through an inherent long experience of experimental teaching in schools of the Republic. In 2007 the ECTR has conducted updating and systematization of earlier developed materials as well as there have been developed the below additional Teaching Modules: Basis of behavior in extreme situations; Accidents in every day life; Ensuring safety at dealing with nature; Ensuring safety in the armed conflict zones; Children and terrorism; Specifics of service in the Army In order to involve children into developing practical skills at dealing with emergencies, the development of relevant simulation scenarios has been started in 2007. 2.2. In 2007 the ECTR aimed at expanding a number of the trainees through the involvement of students from general schools into a training process, has started to develop a relevant independent section on training first aid skills within the teaching Manual : “The Basis of survival in emergencies”. The teaching material included in this section consists from 26 chapters, many of which in their turn are subdivided into subchapters. The development and mainstreaming this teaching material as an independent section into the above fundamental teaching Manual has been specified by the fact that a failure to acquire already at a school level practical skills in showing first aid to another person will prevent the further healthy development of an individual. The process of administering first aid itself has a powerful educational impact on both: an aid provider and a casualty. Undoubtedly, first aid is effective, only provided that it is administered by a specially trained person. The training course is being developed drawing on the latest in the approaches and achievements in the field of administering first aid in Europe, Russia and in the USA and drawing on a long experience in training the population, monitors and first aid instructors by taking into account the specifics of training school students. At the same time in order to make administering first aid more effective and easier, by the initiative of the ECTR the creation of a pocket first aid hand book has been stated. The main destination of the pocket hand book is: • as a normative document to make one feel confident while administering first aid through giving the precise identification of his/her jurisdiction and abilities, rights and duties, the sequence in decision making and algorithm of actions • to serve a teaching aid as a brief summary being convenient for use for studying at any free time • to serve a “crib” containing elements of urgent search for necessary and coherently interconnected information on how to administer first aid in extreme situations. After the development of the hand book is completed, it is tested by various users, primarily by rescuers and school and university students and is updated basing on the comments received and suggestions made, the hand book intends to be translated into English and submitted to the “Agreement” Secretariat . 3. Development of basic tests to assess preparedness and readiness to adopt preventive measures to increase safety in schools The 2006 “The Program of developing and instituting special tests for school administration, teachers and students’ parents to assess safety of schools and of other educational establishments” has been profoundly reworked out and updated in 2007. The special Tests designed for school administration and teachers and tests and recommendations designed for parents are suggested as one of the effective mechanisms in ensuring preparedness of schools and other educational institutions for disaster risk reduction and awareness raising enabling the school staff, teachers, students and their parents to provide adequate response to any locally experienced emergency. 10 The Tests for school administration and teachers are targeted to identify the level to which their education establishment is ready to eliminate natural, man made and other disaster risks and to respond adequately to them and also if it is threatened by a possible terrorist attack. The Tests for parents enable them to highlight levels of a culture of safety, as well as of parents’ preparedness to recognize a hazard and undertake preventive measures aiming to reduce risk of involving children into extreme situations and also to act rationally if an emergency incident occurred in their school. Tests outcomes can serve as basis for designing recommendations on reducing vulnerability of schools, by improving preparedness of the school staff to act adequately in particular disaster and reviewing and updating the disaster preparedness Plans. During 2006 2007 the ECTR developed basic tests and general recommendations for increasing safety level in schools to be disseminated to staff and parents. The translation of the paper into English has been completed. The outcomes have been presented at the Euro Mediterranean Workshop: “Disaster reduction at school Building safer school communities” (29 30 October, 2007, Paphos, Cyprus. 4. Use developed materials during regional and municipal exercises If partial functioning of the centralized warning system for population can postpone the holding of the “National Campaign on informing and warning the populations about emergencies”, the only justified decision can be: • ongoing work aiming to establish a centralized information and warning system for the populations of the Republic through the latest technologies • ongoing complex regional and municipal exercises aiming to organize and provide governance to measures with a high level of protection throughout the community in the case of probable accidents occurred at potentially dangerous installations (such as nuclear power plants or installations storing, using or producing hazardous substances, reservoirs and etc.) as well as during simulated exercises aiming to respond to disasters with the natural trigger through developing them into regional and municipal “Campaigns” on informing and warning the populations about emergencies. Similarly, in the course of the preparation for the training exercises, the measures aiming to restore and update regional and municipal warning systems need to be promoted. The following measures adopted and fulfilled in 2007 in the Republic of Armenia have underlain the actual backgrounds (a dress rehearsal) for a transit to the organization and holding of regional and municipal “Campaigns” on informing and warning the populations about emergencies. 4.1 The Armenian Rescue Service in 2007 has conducted: • a training exercise on “Organization of protection of population in the case of heavy earthquake in the Lory region”; • a training exercise on “Organization of the protection of population in the case of devastating earthquake in the Shirac region”, • a training exercise on “Counteracting a terrorist action in the underground stations with involvement of chemically hazardous substances.” 4.2 All Spatial Planning authorities of Armenia have conducted in 2007 training exercises in all regions and in the city Yerevan related to the protection of civilians in the case of threat or man made and natural emergencies typical of these areas. The exercises have been conducted with the involvement of the Heads of regions, municipalities and relevant emergency services. They were simulations and were conducted mainly with the use of detailed locality maps and relevant information materials for municipalities at special risk (including the cases of simulated flooding, the likely burst of dams built on the relevant reservoirs, strong earthquakes, forest fires and other kinds of disasters being specific for these areas) 4.3 The Ministries and Departments of Armenia have conducted in 2007: • a exercise (seven Ministries and Departments); • a command exercise (five Ministries). 11 In these exercises participated the Heads and relevant specialists from these Ministries and some relevant forces and services with the involvement of required facilities provided by Ministries and Departments. In 2007 a number of emergency exercises at the installation responsible to five Ministries and Departments have been conducted. In particular, the Police Service of the Republic of Armenia has conducted a training exercise on how to act during organizing and carrying out civil protection measures for the personnel of preservation of law and public order when warned about major disasters being specific for these areas in Armenia. During all command exercises, exercises and emergency drills at installations in order to achieve the set target, the issues dealing with warning and informing the top management, and employees of the Ministries’ and Departments’ and the population located at a particular area about a disaster and what adequate actions have to be undertaken by Spatial Planning authorities and local governance enabling to organize and carry out protection measures have been perfected. 5. Training course: “Organization of informing and warning the populations about emergencies” at the “Staff refresher training” faculty of the State Crisis Management Academy”. The teaching has continued in 2007 by ECTR specialists as a staff refresher training Faculty of the State Crisis Management Academy. Together with the Heads and specialists from state management and local governance bodies, the Heads and specialists from industrial, energy, transportation, communication, trade, culture, health and other infrastructures the above training course in 2006 2007 and in 2007 2008 is being and will be also run for: • representatives of administration, form musters and teachers on civil protection subject in all Republican schools • Heads and teachers of pres school establishments • Heads and teachers of civil protection and emergency situation Chairs of Universities. Some methodological, basic and additional informational materials, developed by ECTR within this Project have been used. All the trainees have highlighted the importance of publication and dissemination of the above materials, in schools, high institutions and among the population of municipalities at special risks. 6. Preparing media The renewed Information Center “Emergency Channel” established (with financial support of the US International Development Agency,and UNDP) on 7 December, 2006 under the aegis of the “Emergency Management Administration” (at present the “Rescue Service of Armenia”), should operate as the “Information Center” in a preventive phase and as basis for the deployment of the “National Center on informing the population”, functioning in an acute disaster phase. The Center provides all the conditions necessary for broadcasting TV programs to be prepared and information material to be developed and published directly in the Center ; the Center also offers opportunities for the civilians to get acquainted in place with all support providing information material. The corresponding information Programs and packages, holding of workshops and training sessions, guidelines for work with the mass media in an emergency started to be developed in 2007 through the involvement of the: • ministries and departments specialists, responsible for work with the media • territorial management bodies and local self government bodies • heads of mass media structures and journalists • students of a journalistic faculty of higher institutions. In July 2007, with support of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC Regional Cooperation Office for the Southern Caucasus), a Workshop for rescuers addressing work methods with Media and populations in emergencies was held in the Information Center “Emergency Channel”. The Workshop Program has been rather 12 concentrated varying from running a training itself and stimulation drills to preparing by rescuers different kinds of assigned thematic publications, articles as well as to holding a press conference attended by rescuers and Mass Media representatives. In September 2007 a thoroughly prepared Workshop for Media representatives focused on the specific of work of Media in times of emergencies. A reference book containing 60 pages entitled: “When a disaster strikes” designed for those who organize and who are in charge for disaster response has been created, the majority of the materials included covering the methods and specific work with Media and the population in times of emergencies. On the International Day for Disaster Reduction, several composition writing and drawing competitions on the theme: “A disaster by the eyes of children” have been organized in various regions of Armenia (Vaytz Dzor, Gegarkunik and Tavush) for 6 8 form school children. Books for children entitled: “Be careful with fire” and “A school of safety” has also been prepared and a day calendar and some posters have been prepared responding to the motto: “Who is warned that is protected” as well as some bookmarks containing earthquake warning messages. An original height measure device called “Rostomer” for junior schoolchildren has been designed : it contains the pasted up colorful, easily accepted by children messages in the form of pictures and drawings on behave patterns before and during disasters. Pictures, drawings, small sized day calendars stickers containing the Rescue Service phone number and the motto: “You are not alone when a disaster strikes ” were prepared for dissemination among children. 7. Cooperation with appropriate international organizations As the Project comes across a pure national framework acquiring a significant regional nature, fulfilling all the measures included into Phase 2 “Preparedness” and Phase 3:”Implementation” requires the establishment of close cooperation links with appropriate international organizations and relevant structures of the concerned states. The Project based on national “Campaigns” considers the setting up of regional informing and warning systems about transborder emergency risk for populations of neighboring countries. Some steps addressing this issue had been made in the course of the 11 th Ministerial Session of the European and Mediterranean Major Hazards Agreement in 2006 and in 2007 “The Methodology and Plan for action…” and other relevant information materials have been submitted to the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction for discussion. In 2007 we have also submitted the Project materials to the Director of the Representative Office of the OSCE, located in the Yerevan city, and Eurasia Foundation (to the EF Armenian Office). Factoring the regional nature of the Project under consideration, the establishment of cooperation links with the Eurasia Foundation, in terms of making the Project’s development in the future better and its implementation easier can be realistic, although it can be possible only all necessary organization procedures dealing with changing the European Center’s title and adjusting its status are completed. Cooperation between the Rescue Service of Armenia and the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC Regional Cooperation Office for the Southern Caucasus) on information provision in emergencies, in particular concerning the work with the Mass media, has been mentioned in section 5.
13 AZERBAIJAN /AZERBAÏDJAN
ECMHT - European Centre on Training and Information of Local and Regional Authorities and Population in the Field of Natural and Technological Disasters / Centre Européen de Formation des Autorités Locales et Régionales dans le Domaine des Catastrophes Naturelles et Technologiques (Baku) International conference on “Management of safety during emergency situations”. “Role of municipalities, local and regional bodies in the information and preparation of the population for emergency situations”. The organizers of the international conference: - “FOVGAL” association on Emergency Situations and Life Activity Security - Ministry of Education of Azerbaijan Republic - European Training Information Center of the Council of Europe - Azerbaijan section of International Academy of Sciences - Azerbaijan State Construction University The experts on emergency situations from Turkey, Russia Federation, Georgia participated at the international conference together with the local scientists and specialists, and made reports on various problems in accordance with the subject of the conference. The reports presented for discussion at the conference: • State policy in the sphere of risk management and protection of the population • Forecasting and estimation of emergency situations • Economic mechanism of emergency situations management • Role of municipalities, central and local authorities in the field of early warning and preparation of the population for emergency situations. The international conference was held on November 14 15, 2007 at the conference hall of Azerbaijan State Construction University. 3 reports concerning working of the municipalities in the field of life activity safety were listened at the conference. 1. Professor Habib Ojagov – “The intensity of emergency situations on the territory of Azerbaijan Republic, the role of municipalities, local and regional bodies in the information and preparation of the population for emergency situations ”. 2. E.Gafarov – “The role of municipalities in the sphere of emergency situations management and elimination its consequences”. 3. A.Asadov – “Acting (working) directions of municipalities during struggle against extreme situations in the regions” The texts of the reports presented for discussion had been published in the form of booklet and distributed among the conference participants beforehand. 14 BELGIUM /BELGIQUE
ISPU - Higher Institute of Emergency Planning / Institut Supérieur de Planification d'Urgence (Florival) L’ISPU, centre belge de recherche et de documentation sur la planification d’urgence est intégré au Centre Gouvernementale de Coordination et de Crise, l’une des cinq directions générales du Service Public Fédéral1 Intérieur. Il bénéficie à cet égard des enseignements qui peuvent être tirés des différentes missions du Centre de Crise en matière de préparation et de gestion des situations d’urgence. Pour ses activités, l’ISPU se concentre sur la promotion de la recherche, l’élaboration de manuels et l’organisation d’activités de formation. En 2007, différentes recherches ont été menées sur les thèmes suivants : Mécanismes de coordination interministérielle entre l’Etat fédéral et les entités fédérées ( Communautés et Régions) Les autorités fédérales sont responsables de la planification d’urgence et la gestion de crise, mais les situations d’urgence peuvent avoir un lien avec les domaines de compétence des Communautés et des Régions. La nécessité de mettre en place une concertation et une collaboration avec les communautés et les régions en matière de gestion de crise a été soulevée à de nombreuses reprises. Cette nécessité a été traduite concrètement dans un projet de recherche sur le rôle des communautés et régions en matière de planification d’urgence et de gestion de crise. L’étude scientifique « Cortecs » (Communities and Regions Training for Emergency and Crisis Situation) a été réalisée au courrant de l’année 2006 par l’Université de Liège. Dans les conclusions finales de l’étude, on retrouve une liste de cinq catégories d’éventuelles coopérations entre l’état fédéral et les entités fédérées au niveau de la planification d’urgence et la gestion de crise. Partenariat avec les autorités locales Dans le cadre de l’Accord EUR OPA, l’ISPU réalise une étude sur le rôle des autorités locales et régionales dans la gestion des risques majeurs. Cette analyse alimente la réflexion globale sur une meilleure coordination en Belgique entre les autorités fédérales et locales en matière de planification d’urgence et de gestion de crise. Conformément à la recommandation adoptée sur ce thème lors de la 11e Session ministérielle, elle tente d’ «examiner au niveau national les procédures juridiques et administratives appropriées concernant la réduction des risques de catastrophes et la gestion des situations d’urgence, afin d’évaluer si le rôle des collectivités locales et régionales est correctement pris en compte, en vue d’améliorer si nécessaire la coordination des autorités nationales, régionales et locales dans leurs domaines de compétence respectifs». Identification des risques au niveau local L’Arrêté Royal du 16 février 2006 relatif aux plans d’urgence et d’intervention prévoit la création d’une cellule de sécurité au sein de chaque Province et de chaque Commune. Cette cellule de sécurité est notamment chargée de l’inventaire et de l’analyse des risques pour leur territoire. Le projet “Glimmer” vise à leur offrir un outil de travail opérationnel pour les aider dans ce sens. “Glimmer” est l’acronyme de Global Local Information Merging for Maturing Emergency Response et est réalisé par l’unité de recherche Spiral (Scientific and Public Involvement in Risk Allocations Laboratory) de l’Université de Liège et par le Crisis & Emergency Management Centre (Cemac).
1 Ministère 15 Le projet couvre plusieurs années. La première phase du projet a duré neuf mois et a pris fin en 2007. Elle comprenait cinq étapes : 1. Adaptation de la méthode APELL (Awareness and Preparedness for Emergencies at local level) de l’UNEP (United Nations Environmental Programme) au contexte belge 2. Analyse empirique des besoins 3. Mise au point des fiches standardisées par risque 4. Développement des schémas de référence 5. Projet de manuel Pour le développement du projet, quelques communes et provinces pilotes ont été sélectionnées. Il s’agit de Zele, Kortessem, Louvain, Bruxelles Capitale, Watermael– Boitsfort, Welkenraedt, Aubange, Mons et les provinces de Flandre occidentale et de Brabant wallon. En collaboration avec l’équipe de chercheurs, les risques sur leur territoire ont été identifiés. On a également examiné les critères utilisés pour considérer quelque chose comme un risque. Sur la base de leurs remarques, des fiches de risque ont été créées et mises à la disposition des autorités locales. On a décidé de diffuser les résultats de la première partie de la méthodologie déjà en 2008, en attendant la méthodologie dans son intégralité. Communication de crise L’UCL a mené en 2007 une étude intitulée « Analyse de la communication de crise ». La méthodologie reposait sur une étude universitaire, des analyses de documents et de contenu, des interviews individuelles et de groupe. L’étude universitaire révéla qu’il était essentiel d’investir dans la communication de crise en cas de situations d’urgence. Les crises sont souvent aggravées par une communication inadaptée. Le but premier de la communication de crise est d’avertir la population, de les informer sur (l’évolution de) la situation, des mesures prises par l’autorité et des actions à entreprendre éventuellement par la population. La recherche conclut que ces dernières années, on cherchait à atteindre un niveau de préparation plus élevé dans le domaine de l’information à la population. L’importance de la communication en cas de situations d’urgence a dès lors été intégrée dans la gestion de crise. On travaille avec les différents niveaux administratifs au développement de structures, de réseaux et de canaux d’information. Pour donner plus de forme à l’information à la population en cas de situations d’urgence, un certain nombre de points d’action ont été proposés dans le projet de recherche. Ces recommandations se situent entre autres au niveau de l’effectif en personnel et des canaux de communication performants. Pour améliorer l’autonomie du citoyen en cas de situations d’urgence, une proposition de communication des risques a également été formulée. Plans d’urgence internes En 2007, la question des plans d'urgence internes des entreprises et institutions et leur coordination avec les plans d'urgence externes des autorités locales (plan d'urgence et d'intervention des autorités communales et provinciales) a également fait l’objet d’une attention particulière. Le passage du plan interne au plan externe est en effet très important pour la gestion d'une situation d'urgence. La situation doit être claire afin que chaque intervenant sache quelles sont ses missions. La nécessité de ces recherches s'est accentuée depuis la publication de l'arrêté royal du 16 février 2006 relatif aux plans d'urgence et d'intervention qui cite comme faisant partie de la planification d'urgence, les plans internes d'urgence. Ils y sont définis comme des « documents au niveau de l'entreprise et/ou de l'institution, visant à limiter les 16 conséquences néfastes d'une situation d'urgence par la mise au point de mesures matérielles et organisationnelles d'urgence adaptées, rédigés par l'entreprise et/ou l'institution concernée ». Or, l’Arrêté Royal ne formule aucune obligation à l'égard des entreprises/institutions en matière de plans internes (il constate en effet seulement leur existence), cette mention a soulevé de nombreuses questions tant dans le chef des entreprises que dans celui des autorités, beaucoup croyant y voir une obligation, alors qu'il n'en est rien. L'objectif de cette recherche est donc dans un premier temps d'éclaircir la portée de l'obligation d'établir un plan d'urgence interne et ensuite d'établir comment s'organise la collaboration/coordination entre les entreprises et les autorités qui élaborent des plans d'urgence dits «externes». Cette question est très importante car elle permet également de définir la répartition des responsabilités entre l'exploitant et les autorités en cas de situation d'urgence. Une fois les fondements légaux et réglementaires analysés, il convient de s'informer sur la pratique, de tenter d'en dégager les enseignements et de fixer des lignes directrices afin d'orienter au mieux l’exploitant et les autorités locales. En 2007, l’ISPU a également organisé plusieurs séances d’information : − En collaboration avec les gouverneurs de province, des journées d’information ont été organisées pour tous les bourgmestres de chaque province sur l’Arrêté Royal relatif à la planification d’urgence et d’intervention ainsi que sur la responsabilité qui en découle. - En 2007, il a été mis la touche finale à un «Manuel pour le transport de substances dangereuses via les canalisations ». Celui ci sera disponible à la mi 2008. - Un « Guide en communication de crise » a été développé et mis à la disposition des communes et des provinces. Ce guide peut les aider dans l’exécution de leur obligation de préparer leur méthode de communication pour l’information à la population. Consécutivement à ce guide, 27 sessions de formation ont été organisées pour les autorités locales. En novembre, une session d’information sur le risque d’un black out électrique a également été organisée en collaboration avec Elia et le Service Public Fédéral Economie. Les conséquences d’une panne de courant à grande échelle ne touchent en effet pas seulement les familles et les entreprises, mais aussi le trafic ferroviaire et aérien, les feux de signalisation et les réverbères, les centrales téléphoniques, … Bref, l’ordre public sera perturbé et les services d’intervention seront fort sollicités. « La préparation à une telle situation d’urgence (et le cas échéant, la gestion de crise) exige une collaboration multidisciplinaire regroupant tous les acteurs publics et privés directement concernés. La session d’information avait pour objectif principal de réunir les différents acteurs afin de lancer des pistes de réflexion sur l’approche de cette problématique. Le Centre de Crise et Elia ont renforcé leur collaboration par la mise sur pied de procédures spécifiques pour l’échange d’informations et l’alerte. 17 BULGARIA / BULGARIE
CSLT - European Centre for Risk Prevention training at school level / Centre européen sur la formation scolaire à la Prévention des Risques (Sofia)
The efforts of the Center was concentrating on the accomplishment of : • The Conclusions of the Ministerial Sessions of the Agreement EUR OPA; • The Specific Programs of the Agreement EUR OPA; • Medium Term Plans 2007 2011; • Participation in the project Be Safe Net.
School Education.
Be Safe Net As a result of the center activity is the development of the joint project (Cyprus, Sofia, Ravello, Strasburg) for creation of WEB Side in relief of Risk prevention training at school level (Be Safe Net) of all languages of member state of the Agreement. The work meeting was hold in 2007 in Cyprus. European Center created work group with aim to sum up all materials and experience in reliefe Pedagogical aspects for Risk Prevention Training. In 2007 European center made preparedness for realization of Risk assessment of School buildings in seismic active regions. University education
Continue cooperation of European center with New Bulgarian University (Sofia) in relief Crisis Public Relation, Crisis communications and Risk Management. Masters Programs in University for Architecture, Building and Geodesy 18 CYPRUS /CHYPRE
BE-SAFE-NET – European Center for Disaster Awareness through Internet / Centre Européen pour la Sensibilisation aux Désastres à travers Internet (Nicosia) The European Center for Disaster Awareness with the use of the internet ´´Be safe net´´ Nicosia, in close collaboration with the European Center for Risk Prevention (ECRP) in Sofia, the European University Center for the Cultural Heritage (CUEBC) in Ravello and the European Center for Seismic and Geomorphogical Hazards (CERG) in Strasbourg has launched in 2004 the WebSite www.besafenet.org . The aim of the website is to become an educational tool in the hands of teachers, focusing at risk prevention prepardness, immediate reaction and rehabilitation. With the use of Internet, games, cartoons, animations, discussion groups and parallel education, the Network will provide a friendly and interactive environment in order to attract interest and introduce school children to prevention, awareness and action in the cases of natural and made disasters. Our ambition is that the Website will become a useful tool for all schools of all the member countries of the Europa Major Hazards Agreement and also become a platform for cooperation and exchange of information, by the use of its various state of the art functions which are able to support group discussions and other interactive tools. All the Specialised Centers of the Agreement are presented in the website and separate links are provided for each Center. During 2003 the Center, carried out activities related to the preparation of the specification of the Website and the administrative arrangements for its various functions. For the development of the Website ``Be Safe Net``, Public Tenders were proclaimed in July 2003 by the Civil Defence Headquarters. The Tenders were examined by the Civil Defence Tender Board. The specification of the Site, responds to a state to art portal Internet Site. In 2005 the training of the Administrators of all the collaborating centres was held in Nicosia, Cyprus, 30 May – 1 June 2005. After the completion of the training, the representatives of all the collaborating Centres, met in Nicosia, Cyprus, 2 3 June 2005, in order to examine the current version of the website, evaluate the progress made and agree on the future activities of the program Furthermore the Cyprus Centre has purchased two web games for children to be included in the website. The task of first game is for kids to identify the various hazards and the purpose of the second game is to aware the children on earthquakes. The activities of the center in 2006 focused on the conclusions of the meeting taken place in Strasbourg on 21 st and 22 nd of June 2006 in which it was decided that the material of natural disasters will be transformed in order to be an educational tool in the hands of teachers of the secondary schools. In 2007 a number of specialised centers initiated a pilot project started on landslides in order to define the final form in which all the remaining disasters will be presented in the website. This project was evaluated and tested by a group of teachers and finalised. A meeting of the collaborating Centers took place in April 2007 in Paphos (Cyprus) and evaluated the results. The BeSafeNet website and the pilot project of the ‘Landslides’ were presented during the EURO MEDITERRANEAN WORKSHOP ON DISASTER REDUCTION AT SCHOOL “Building safer school communities” which was co organized by the Council of Europe and the Cyprus Civil Defence in Paphos (Cyprus) at 29 th and 30 th of October 2007. 19 FRANCE
CERG - European Centre for Seismic and Geomorphological Hazards / Centre Européen sur les Risques Géomorphologiques (Strasbourg) 1. Research activities in 2007
1.1 Programme - Study of geomorphological hazard in the main productive areas of the mountain basin of the River Panaro: 2007 This research, which started in 2006, takes into account the study of geomorphological hazards (i.e. mass wasting, erosional processes and floods) in the mountain basin’s areas of the River Panaro which host productive activities. The twofold goal of the study is: a) implementation of detailed maps (1:5,000/1:10,000 scale) showing the main production areas subject to geomorphological hazard; b) suggesting remedial measures in order to solve or at least mitigate processes resulting from geomorphological hazard which might hinder or disrupt production activities. The study area of the research is located in the mid upper basin of the River Panaro which collects the waters from the central section of the Northern Apennines (catchment basin of 1,784 squarekm), flows into the River Po after running across the Apennines for 63 km and the Po Plain for some 85 km. From the hydraulic viewpoint, the mid upper basin of the R. Panaro – which covers an area of about 800 squarekm– is managed by the Land Reclamation Syndicate of Burana Leo Scoltenna Panaro which cooperates with this research programme. The first phase (Phase 1) of the research, carried out in the 2006, dealt with the identification of areas where significant productive activities subject to geomorphological instability are present. The methodology used to identify those areas is described in the Report 2006: 16 productive areas have been selected for further instability analyses. The second phase (Phase 2) started in the 2006 and has been finished in 2007. It consisted in the acquisition of all available information and documents regarding the 16 productive areas and their surroundings subject to geomorphological instability. This has been carried out by: a) the analysis of thematic maps in order to identify areas affected by instabilities; b) the historical and bibliographical research of past instability events; c) the study of past instability events through interpretation of aerial photographs, satellite images and maps of different scales and time periods; d) field survey accompanied by enquiries among local inhabitants about past instability events. The second phase produced, for each one of the 16 study areas, a map of geomorphological instability processes and a monographic file of all data gathered. In brief, the monographic files describes : the location of the study area (the administrative location, the hydrographical basin, the topographic maps and the aerial photographs/satellite images), data gathered from all bibliographic sources, data regarding the characteristics of the productive areas, information achieved through interpretation of aerial photographs and field survey, comments and considerations. Differences found between the map of geomorphological instability of this research and the Instability Inventory Map (IIM) of Modena Province (Provincia di Modena, 2006) have been highlighted and the complete index of all documents produced (maps, photographs etc.) were added. The Substantial differences which have been identified between the geomorphological instability assessed through this study and those represented by the IIM is due to the fact that the IIM is derived from geological maps where, by definitions, geomorphological processes and deposits are of secondary importance with respect to geological and structural aspects. Therefore, the IIM, having a restriction character in local territorial planning, should be elaborated on the base of an accurate geomorphological mapping which integrates all sources of information 20 available by critical cross analyses. In this sense, eye witnesses like local inhabitants, are a precious and costless “monitoring system” that must be better considered and used by scientists and practitioners, although to be prudently validated. The first results of this research have been pubblished in Castaldini & Ghinoi (2006) and presented at the Congress on "Ambiente geomorfologico e attività dell'uomo: Risorse, Rischi, Impatti", organized by AIGeo (Italian association of Physical Geography and Geomorphology ) held in Torino in march 2007 (Ghinoi & Castaldini, 2007 ; Panizza, 2007) and at the EGU held in Wien in April 2007 (Castaldini & Ghinoi, 2007). The last phase of the project (Phase 3), to carry out in the year 2008, will deal with the assessment and mapping of the geomorphological hazard in the productive areas and their surroundings and advice on remedial measures. For the assessment of geomorphological hazards, the method recently applied for the Bolzano Autonomous Province in Northern Italy (Panizza et al., 2004; Corsini et al., 2005) will be applied; that method is consistent with the Italian law (DM180/98, L267/98, DPCM 29/9/98). The method applied by Panizza et al. (2004) and Corsini et al. (2005), is derived from Heinimann et al. (1998). It is based on a classification of the intensity and frequency of the events for each category of instability processes (e.g. landslides, fluvial erosional processes and floods). This is achieved by means of univocal matrix combinations which allow the definition of various levels of geomorphological hazard. All maps produced within this research will be created using a GIS. Therefore, they will be easily updatable in the light of possible expansions of productive settlements and/or further geomorphological instability events. These maps will be also available for the Modena Province Administration in order to update its Instability Inventory Map (Provincia di Modena, 2006) which is a reference document for the territorial planning. Besides this research activity, an overview on the geomorphological aspects of the flood hazard in the plain area between the rivers Po, Secchia and Panaro has been published by Castaldini (2006).
1.2 Programme - Implementation of didactic materials on geomorphological hazards: 2007 The implementation of didactic materials on geomorphological hazards (Power Points presentations, Thematic maps, etc……) continued in 2007. In particular didactic material on landslides has been prepared for the implementation of the Be Safe Net WebPortal (coordinated programme, see APCAT(2008)2 for details). 1.3. Glossary of terms in geomorphic hazards and risks: 2007 So far, several glossaries and definitions of hazard and risk related terms have been published (e.g. UN, Munich RE). This multitude of definitions can not only be confusing for students and the public, but it also complicates and sometimes even constrains scientific discussion and cooperation. Especially in the field of geomorphic hazards and risks a certain degree of uncertainty or disaccord on the terms used can be encountered, as there exists no common definition on specific terms of geomorphic hazards and risks. A CERG glossary would therefore have positive impacts on several research activities. This CERG glossary is included in the materials prepared for the Be Safe Net webportal (see below section 2.1)
1.4 Inventory of landslide risk assessment methodologies used in the EU-25 Numerous methodologies are used in the EU Member States to assess landslide hazard and risk. These methodologies are based on different approaches, are fed with different parameters and sometimes different values are used for the same parameter. In this activity, current risk assessment methodologies will be reviewed and differences will be critically assessed in order to highlight some scientific guidelines on possibilities for wide parameter harmonization. The specific objectives of this activity are: 21 1) Inventory of current risk assessment methodologies for landslides throughout the EU. 2) Scientific review of current risk assessment methodologies. 3) Selection of options for harmonisation. The CERG members from the EU 25 countries will be asked to contribute to the activity by answering to a specific questionnaire to obtain data on implementation of risk assessment methodologies, scientific basis and specific national interest in each country. Assessment of questionnaire responses will be performed by the CERG active members J. P. Malet & O. Maquaire. It is expected to receive all the answers to the questionnaire in year 2007; while the assessment and evaluation of the questionnaire will be performed in year 2008.
1.5 Support to preparation of project for 7 th FP and COST Action A specific budget will be allocated in 2007 to answer to the EC FP7 calls in the CERG themes, as well as to the preparation of a joint COST action with the leaders of the COST Action 634 ‘On and off site Environmental impacts of Runoff and Erosion’, and dealing with several soil hazards. These proposals have been discussed in 2007. This COST action has two types of objectives. 1/Better understanding of the connexion between sources and sinks at the “local catchment scale” and 2/ how to transfer our knowledge from the local to the nation/continental scale (hazard & risk).Detailed research themes to foster within the Action may include the following: 1/ Better understanding of the balance of physical processes controlling the spatial and temporal occurrence and intensity of soil threats, with a focus on erosion, run off (on site / off site), shallow slides, debris flows and muddy floods. 2/ Development of a MultiRISK method (or guidelines?) for assessing erosional threats at several spatial scales. 3/ Soil threats (or soil risk?) governance in a changing environment.
2. Other activities in 2007 CERG members will participate in the working groups or committee of several international projects and meetings, organize international workshops or convene specific sessions in meetings: Representation of CERG themes as part of the EC SSA (Specific Support Action to Policies) ‘RamSoil’ (Sustainable Use of Soil Related to Different Agricultural Practices Thematic Strategy on Soils) which aim is to assess the methodologies used in the EU 25 Member States to assess the risk for different soil threats (J. P. Malet, O. Maquaire). Representation of CERG themes as part of the Interreg IIIB Alpine Space project ‘ClimChAlp’ http://www.climchalp.org/ )(which aim is to support support the political decisions regarding the protection and control over the natural disasters connected with the phenomenon of climate change. CERG active members (J. P. Malet, O. Maquaire) are involved in the French Working Group managed by PGRN Grenoble aiming at identifying the potential impacts of climate change on several mountain hazards. Organization of a specific session on the “ Time and intensity prediction in landslide hazard assessment ” to be held at the EGU General Assembly (April 2007, Vienna), and convened by active member of CERG (J. Ph. Malet, J.L. Zezere) as well as by F. Catani. Further sessions are offered by Thomas Glade and include “Vulnerability assessments in natural hazard and risk analysis”, “Human impacts and multidisciplinary approaches in natural hazards and risk assessments”, “Science and Societal Decision Making in Hazards and Risks”, “Early warning systems within risk management”, and “Spatial prediction modeling in natural hazards and risk” 22 Representation of CERG themes as part of the advisory committee on the International Conference on ‘Landslide and Climate Change’ in Ventnor, Isle of Wight ( http://www.coastalwight.gov.uk/conference.htm ) (Thomas Glade). Representation of CERG themes as part of the advisory committee of the Italo Maltese Workshop on "Integration of the geomorphological environment and cultural heritage for tourism promotion and hazard prevention" to be held in Malta, 25 27 April 2007 ( http://www.terra.unimore.it/maltaworkshop/ ). Two active CERG members (Mauro Soldati, Alessandro Pasuto) are in the scientific and organising committee; CERG Past President Mario Panizza will be an invited speaker. Representation of CERG themes as part of the advisory committee of the First International Conference on the Geography of Europe (Eugeo2007 Conference: Europe’s Geographical Challenges: Science Meets Policy) to be held in Amsterdam, Netherlands, 20 23 August 2007 ( http://www.eugeo2007.org/ ). There are several themes addressed by the conference and among them the session ‘Nature strikes back’, which is convened by two active CERG members (Theo van Asch, Thomas Glade) as well as by Jean Poesen. Several Cerg members participated to the research, training and dissemination activities of the Marie Curie Research and Training Network ‘Mountain Risks: from prediction to management and governance) granted by the EC on the period 2007 2010. Furthermore, Cerg members are represented in Editorial Advisory Boards of several international journals: - Landslides (Thomas Glade, Luciano Picarelli, Theo van Asch, Jordi Corominas; Olivier Maquaire as Associate Editor); - Georisk (Thomas Glade) - Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (Thomas Glade) - Engineering Geology (Theo van Asch) 23
CSEM – Centre Sismologique Euro-Méditerranéen / European Mediterranean Seismological Centre, (Bruyères-le-Chatel)
The European Mediterranean Seismological Center (http://www.emsc csem.org) operates Real Time Earthquake Information (RTEI) services for the public and the scientific community which aim at providing rapid and reliable information on the worldwide seismic activity, focused on the Euro Mediterranean region. These services are based on parametric data rapidly provided by 61 seismological networks which are automatically merged and processed at EMSC. The web based RTEI services consist in publishing the current worldwide seismic activity through a web site which is updated every minute. Additional information like location maps, moment tensors solutions, distance to populated cities or past regional seismicity are made available. Users can view the list of latest events through different media: Imode, WAP, via a RSS feed and can represent the recent seismic activity with GoogleMaps, GoogleEarth or widget technologies. The Earthquake Notification Service (ENS), which consists, for potentially damaging earthquakes, in quickly (i.e. within 60 minutes – and generally 20 40 minutes for Euro Med events – of the event’s occurrence) notifying the end users by fax, email or SMS, has seen its number of end users steadily increasing since 2004 (Figure 1c) with more than 7,450 registered users on 01/01/2008. In terms of performances of the ENS, the dissemination time (i.e. the time elapsed between the event occurrence and the dissemination of the first manually reviewed location) for the Euro Med earthquakes processed in the framework of the ENS, has clearly decreased since 2004 (Figure 1d) with a median value of 27.5 minutes in 2007. This improvement reflects the efforts carried out by the network operators that lead to quicker data contributions to EMSC. It also reflects the serious work performed by the seismologists on call at EMSC. An assessment of the quality of the first location disseminated by the ENS for Euro Med events has been performed showing a median accuracy of 11.6 km. The ENS has remained operational 100% of the time in 2007 thanks to the operational technical support of the LDG (EMSC host institute) and thanks to the IGN (Madrid, Spain) which runs back up procedures and can take over the duty whenever required (e.g. during maintenance activities at EMSC). The IGN has been on duty for a total of 133 hours (1.5% of the time in 2007), over which 83% were due to maintenance activities outside EMSC premises (e.g. internet backbone). In terms of information collected from the public, the macroseismic questionnaire, for those who wish to report their experience after an earthquake, is now available in 19 languages. The results are available in the Members section of EMSC web site. A maximum of 183 questionnaires have been received after the Mw 6.1 Azores Cape Saint Vincent earthquake of 12/02/2007 which has been widely felt in Portugal, Spain and Morocco. Several people provided pictures of earthquakes damages. The added value of this service was clear when EMSC received pictures which proved that a M2.2 event in Slovakia was not an earthquake but an explosion. EMSC plans to give the possibility to provide pictures and videos directly from a cell phone via MMS. 24
GEORGIA /GEORGIE
GHHD - European Centre on Geodynamical Risks of High Dams / Centre Européen sur les Risques Géodynamiques liés aux Grands Barrages (Tbilisi)
Activity 1. Geodynamical monitoring at Ingouri Dam International Test Area During 2007 the development of geodynamical monitoring system of the IDITA was continued and new models of devices (tiltmeters) were installed in the dam. Regular observations in the Enguri HPS dam foundation and in its body were continued by tiltmeters and strainmeters. The permanent observations are carried out with the aim of revealing and assessing possible endogenous and exogenous (man made) deformations and displacements safe exploitation in order to control safety of the dam exploitation. At present there are 6 high precision tiltmeter stations (manufactured in USA) in the body of dam and 3 tiltmeter, 1 hydrostatic and 1 strainmeter stations in the dam foundation. Analysis done in 2007 on basis of observed data enables us to conclude that deformations originated both in dam and in its foundation are exogenous due to water regulation process in reservoir. Quartz strainmeters and hydrostatic tiltmeters (installed on the right bank fault, across the dam) data showed that Divergence of blocks and their elevation process were taking place during the reservoir discharge. During filling convergence of blocks and their sinking process were observed. After reaching the maximum water level in reservoir, during discharge, blocks’ elevation and divergence were caused once more by gradual lowering of water level. In 2007 instrumental measurements revealed that the residual displacements made up 0.3 mm: since 1974 (when a strainmeter was mounted on the fault), total residual vertical displacements of the blocks reaches 5 6 mm. Experts should judge how supportive or significant this result may be for dam safety. The process of displacements of Enguri arch dam is given (from October 1998 to the end of 2007) for 402 m horizon (12 th section) in the direction of dam axis (X) and of the banks (Y) along with water level regulation in reservoir. Based on these data, dam displacements in X and Y directions separately against the change of water level in the reservoir can be represented. The complete vector diagram of reservoir cycles (filling discharge filling) and water regulation plot shows that from 1998 up to now dam displacements to the upper and lower pools, as well as displacements to the banks, are generally identical. Slight differences are result of water level rates diversity, breaks, accelerations, differences of lowest levels. On the basis of observations carried out in the dam, displacements and deformation processes revealed during 2007 are mainly of reversible character. No anomalous displacements have been revealed. Basically, dynamics of dam behavior can be considered to be normal. Activity 2 In 2007 we compiled database on observations carried out by 9 tiltmeter station (6 stations in dam, 3 stations in the foundation, the station on 450 m horizon does not operate temporarily), 1 strainmeter station, 2 hydrostatic tiltmeter stations; also by meteorological elements: pressure, temperature, precipitation and water level 24 hours’ regulation in reservoir.
Activity 3. Seismic monitoring at Ingouri Dam International Test Area 3.1. Seismic network at Ingouri Dam International Test Area (IDITA) Seismic network was installed around the Enguri reservoir during 2004 2006. Network consists of 5 short period seismic stations: Gentsvishi, Becho, Khaishi, Chale, Chqvaleri. During 2007 the local network was checked several times, the problems were fixed and electric supply system has been improved. The maintenance and regular inspection of strong motion network of Enguri dam (10 stations installed in 2000) has been continued 25 during 2007. Accelerometers were manufactured by GEOSIG. 5 stations were installed on the crest of the dam (two of them remote from the dam's construction), others at different levels. Network was equipped with a GPS receiver connected to station n°1, which acts as a master in local network and provides the rest of the stations with the correct time. Accelerometers are equipped with internal 2 MB memory units, keeping the data gathered during 2 3 months. Each station could send and/or accept a network trigger and can also trigger itself. For trigger, two different parameters could be used: STA/LTA ratio or threshold value, the latter being used because it could trigger recording system not only in case of earthquake but also for any kind of strong vibration. In both cases, reaction of dam’s construction on vibration is interesting and informative: its main goal is to study of reaction of dam’s body on vibration in order to help us to understand dam’s reaction on earthquake of certain magnitude and on certain distance from dam’s location. Accelerometers are housed in water proofed boxes, protection boxes itself are covered by iron boxes for extra safety. Regular inspections of the network by GHHD center was recommenced in 2005 and during 2007 the network was checked 3 times: 5 stations out of order were brought to Tbilisi : 4 have been repaired and will be reinstalled in nearest future. There was no strong earthquake in the area, but a local industrial noise has been recorded, which gives us possibility to check the system. 3.2. Study of under construction Khudoni Dam territory After almost 20 years of neglect, the Khudoni dam project starts again : the future Khudoni dam is planned to be upstream of Enguri dam location and it will be a part of Enguri cascade of hydropower plants. The data for seismic hazard analysis of Khudoni dam territory has been collected and prepared. The geological and tectonic data from different publications and reports were analyzed for compilation of seismic source model. The geological maps and corresponding data bases were compiled using GIS technology. The territory of Khudoni dam is situated in the central part of the river Enguri gorge. According to the tectonic map of Georgia this part of Enguri belongs to the Gagra Java zone of folded system of the Greater Caucasus. Gagra Java zone is transition zone between geosyncline of southern flank of the Greater Caucasus and Transcaucasian intermountain area. It is a complex structure of Alpine phase : • the lower layer is built from schistose sandstone of Liassic and Aalenian stages, volcanogenic formations of Bajocian stage, coalbearing shales of Bathonian and lagoonal continental deposits of Kimmeridgian and Tithonian stages. • the upper structural layer consists of carbonate strata of upper Jurassic, Cretaceous and partly Paleocene. According to the tectonic scheme of Gamkrelidze, Gagra Java zone is divided in several sub zones : the studied area is situated in the northern sub zone of the Jurassic porphyrite series bounded by Laila zone at the north and Amraz Mukhuri zone of edge dislocalions at the south. More detailed geological information and large scale map is taken from Geguchadze, et al, 1985. The known potential EQ source zones of the investigated region and the corresponding parameters were determined. The location and parameters of the faults are based on several published and unpublished materials (Gamkrelidze et. al. 1998, Gamkrelidze 2003, Geguchadze et al. 1985, Adamia et al. 1992, Balassanyan et al. 1999, Rogojin 2000, Kharashvili et al. 1977, Javakhishvili, Varazanashvili 1997 and Adamia et al., 2006). For the probabilistic analysis, these fault locations are used for the definition of seismic source zones. For the deterministic analysis, the parameters of the faults are directly used, together with their closest distance from the site, to assess the maximum ground motions at the site. Activity 4. Methodical aspects of risk assessment (nonlinear analysis of time series, GIS, physical properties of foundation rocks, etc) 26 4.1. Long range correlation changes in the reservoir water level variation and seismic activity around Enguri high dam As it was reported earlier long range correlation properties of tilt variation have been investigated. In this report preliminary results of long range correlation analysis of water level variation and seismic activity around Enguri high dam are presented. Exactly Hurst exponent calculation procedure was used to test water level variation and daily earthquake occurrence data on appearance of thresholds in R/S curves. R/S analysis of water level variations of all available data sets 1977 1995, reveals clear threshold near 1 year cycle (400 days). It was reasonable to assume that this is caused by periodic variations when filling was completed. Mentioned cycle is not visible during reservoir filling and appears during exploitation period. It is interesting to mention that 1 year cycle of water level variation may also be somehow related with atmospheric factors as far as earlier we found 1 1.3 year cycle in air temperature daily variation. On the other hand earthquake daily occurrence do not reveal the same cycles, though some deviation from linearity in R/S curve points to possible 1.5 months cycles. About 9 months and 1.5 year cycles are visible in earthquakes daily occurrence data for time period of reservoir filling. Moreover, by precise power spectrum analysis, several days cycles were revealed. Some of these short cycles are preserved when water level variation in reservoir becomes periodic. At the same time, longer cycles of about 0.5 and even 5 year cycles emerged when water level was changed periodically. This result is interesting in the light of absence of long cycles for time period before reservoir filling, by preserved short, several days to 0.5 year cycles found by FFT and Hurst analysis. What is most important earthquake daily occurrence being antipersistent random like before water impoundment (H=0.45), becomes clearly long range correlated persistent during water level periodic variation (H=0.96). During water filling period we observe transition situation (H=0.69). Preliminary conclusions can be drown from above results: long range correlation properties of earthquake daily occurrence may be affected by influence of water level in reservoir. In accordance to our earlier findings, increase of order in earthquakes daily occurrence is confirmed. In the light of our previous findings on RISS, it is possible to assume that appearance of long period cycles in earthquake daily occurrence is kind of high order synchronization caused by one year water level variation. Activity 5. Training and education in risk sciences Besides basic program of activities, in 2007 GHHD performed the work according to coordinated program “From Hazards to Risks – Comparative analysis of Assessment Techniques in the South Caucasus region” (see APCAT (2008) 2 for details). 27
GREECE / GRECE
ECPFE - European Centre On Prevention and Forecasting of Earthquakes / Centre Europeen Sur la Prévention et la Prévision des Tremblements de Terre (Athens)
For the year 2007 one of the main objectives of ECPFE, in accordance with the targets of the Mid Term Plan was the Aseismic Protection of Cultural Heritage. Five ( 5 ) Task Groups were been formed in order to materialize this policy. The description of these Task Groups is analyzed in the following. Activity n o 1 : For the syntax of the “Principles of structural Restoration of Cultural Heritage Buildings”. This Task Group has been formed with main task to prepare Guidelines including the principles and the criteria for decision making and design of structural restoration of Monuments so as to mitigate Vulnerability. Apparently, such a Project will be accepted positively by several European Countries having been represented in the Athens Workshop. The procedure was implemented as follows: Extended Study of the Existing Documents • Comments, modification and completion of a relevant study, which was submitted to EPPO, (April 2004), by a previous Working Group. • Cross checking with existing Italian Codes Discussion and recommendations concerning the following topics: • Preliminary criteria and description of the necessary actions so as to clarify: • the level of the importance of the monument (and consequently the acceptable level of damages under the seismic action taking this into account for the intervention study), the values of the Monument in its current State, Safety of Human life, Historical Memory, Historical Materials and Techniques, Aesthetic Value, Economy and Use, level of visitability. • Allocation and distribution of responsibilities between scientific design team and the Owners of the Monuments during the decision making phase concerning stability Study. The Results of this Task group, which is being enhanced with other specialists so as to form an official Interministerial Committee, will serve as a guideline to the Official Regulatory Document consisting of Specific Guidelines for Interventions to Monuments and Historic Buildings in earthquake prone Areas and especially in our Country, Greece. Activity n o 2: For the “Creation of a Digital Database for the assessment of permanent consequences of historical earthquakes on monuments ” This Task Group has been working on the creation of a Digital Database for the digitization and the structural formulation of the monuments characteristic in respect with the natural and technological damages from which they have suffered through ages, giving emphasis on earthquakes disasters. The Group, during this year, reached the final structure of the Data Base through extended meetings among its members, specialists on the evolved scientific fields. They have also collected and digitized a great amount of the necessary data concerning monuments characteristics and the damages they have suffered from any technological disasters, giving emphasis on those caused by earthquakes through ages. Greece is a country with remarkable cultural heritage which justify its great number of historic buildings, among them the traditional buildings, buildings under preservation status, buildings of cultural value. In addition our country is one of the most seismic regions in the eastern basin of Mediterranean. These two factors in combination with the necessity to keep and strengthen our Cultural Heritage with respect to human safety, historical, cultural, touristical reasons lead us to ameliorate the classification and 28 manipulation of the data concerning the characteristics and the present status of our monuments. Taking into account the importance of collecting this elements as well as organize it in a fruitful way we made use of the latest technological means and techniques ( e.x. GIS – Geographical Information Systems ). The result of this work is the creation of a catalog including all the monuments of our country, arranged by the chronological ranking of the recorded natural and technological disasters emphasizing on earthquakes afflicting monument’s regions. The above structural schema of the Data Base enables developer to create a user interface which succeeds a quick and easy access to the architectural, historical, cultural and structural characteristics of the monuments through the earthquakes it has suffered. In addition, we classified monuments according their characteristics – for example structural system. Taking into account all these factors could take more accurate and effective rehabilitation measures for each monument. The objective is to take a decision that helps the monument against incoming new natural and technological threats and especially earthquakes. In order to materialize the above objective we have created functions and modules that enabled our Data Base to export statistical measures and associations between the data ( monuments natural & technological disasters especially earthquakes ). The dynamic design of the Digital DataBase makes it easy to be customized and used by other European Centers of OPA creating also web based applications to inform the public through its graphical and numerical results. Activity n o 3 : For the examination of “ A Seismic constructural Techniques during the Centuries” People living in Eastern Mediterranean have sometimes and in some degree felt the phenomenon of an earthquake and have observed its consequences. From ancient times, Greek philosophers (as Aristotle, Pythagoras Hepicouros) have dealt with the earthquake phenomenon and tried to interpret it. It’s estimated that today, a 50% of the annual seismic energy of Europe and a 2% of the annual world seismic energy, is releases in Greece. In this country, people have developed civilizations and constructing their monuments and buildings for many thousands of years. Surviving frequent and disastrous earthquakes they got familiar with the act of observation of the damage on their constructions and so understood, more or less, their behavior during seismic action. Rebuilding them in better ways, trying to improve their resistance against the dynamic loading, the ancient constructors experimented with different materials, constructional systems, and sometimes, sophisticated detailing. Following long and hard paths of observation, experiments, failures and inventions they created local or more spread around seismic techniques, concerning basic members of a building (Masonry, roof, etc), or even a complete building system. It is a fact that it is impossible to protect completely a construction against the, sometimes out of the human capabilities limits, seismic force. In Greece, monuments, buildings, cities or even whole civilizations have been lost due to seismic or/and volcano activities, since prehistoric times to our days. (i.e. Thira volcano eruption 1500B.C., City of Argostoli complete destruction in 1953, Kalamata severe damages in 1986 etc). On the other hand many architectural monuments stand still after more or than thousand years (i.e. Parthenon in Athens 438 B.C., Hagia Sofia in Istanbul (CONSTANTINOPLE) 537 A.D., Hosios Loukas Monastery, 955 A.D. etc) in areas with, sometimes, high seismic risk. Traditionally constructed buildings and settlements, all over Greece, exist and are used for hundreds of years surviving, repeatedly, seismic action. In the framework of this concept, ECPFE took the initiative to form a taskgroup which is examining and recording seismic, traditional constructional systems, as well as, their behavior during dynamic loading would help us understanding better the antiseismic technology of the past and the proper measures for repair and strengthening. 29 The target of this activity is to create a database including not only the Greek Aseismic Techniques but it will be enhanced with other relevant European Construction Techniques. The results of this activity will be incorporated in Activity No 2. Activity n o 4 : “For Geotechnical topics and Interaction between Soil and Monuments”. As Monuments and traditional buildings have significant structural properties concerning not only their structural system but their foundation as well, it is obvious that these characteristics are not included in the Temporary Aseismic Codes. This Task Group examines Geotechnical Parameters as follows: • Typology and foundation of traditional buildings and Monuments • Intervention techniques against soil movements (creeping, solidation, slope effect, …) • The role of underground water • Methods of reinforcing of traditional foundations • Interaction ( static and dynamic ) of soil – foundation • Topography effect and Seismic Actions Activity n o 5 : For the dissemination of knowledge and exhibition in the framework of Aseismic protection of our cultural heritage The task of this Group was to disseminate the results of all the other Tasks Groups. This is succeeded with the use of multimedia, photos, videos and poster – sessions which are already under preparation. In more details, by these means, we are to present the characteristics of the Greek monuments which are in danger or have suffered any major damage from past seismic activity, as well as the restoration works or other rescue interventions that have already been in progress. The Museum’s contribution is to organize afternoon speeches and meetings about this subject using the material prepared by this Task Group. The organization of a poster – session at the lobby of the Museum is also another mean to advertise the Centers work over the world. In this exhibition the other European Centers will be invited to participate and present monuments at risk as well. The members of the Task Group are in contact with the Following Institutions as to organize the exhibitions. • Municipality of Athens • Ancient Cyprus Artist Museum, Pieridi Institute – MultiSpace «Athinais» • Benaki Museum and/or other relevant institutions • Hospitality and foundation by the Pieridis Institute, Leventi Institute and Municipality of Athens. The work of these 5 Task Groups is going to continue through the year 2008. Activity n o 6 : “Annual Meeting of the Partners of Program ‘SAFER’ ( Seismic Early Warning for Europe )”. The main objective of this meeting was to bring together all Partners of the Program Safer in order to examine recent developments of Early Warning Systems and their implementation to the Civil Protection. This event took place at hotel «Helectra Palace», in Athens, 27 – 29, June 2007. Representatives of EPPO and ECPFE participated in the meeting. EPPO as well as ECPFE participated as «end users». The results of this program will be implemented both to lifelines and in recording of expected damages in Seismic Maps. Activity n o 7 : “Participation of ECPFE in Scientific Seminars”. The Technical Chamber of Greece has organized a series of seminars concerning the «Aseismic Protection of Monuments» and invited ECPFE to present its policy to the topic in an one day event, held in April 18 th 2007. 30 In this event, the Director of EPPO and member of the Administrative Committee of ECPFE N. Papadopoulos presented a relevant lecture concerning the contribution of EPPO and ECPFE in the Aseismic Protection of Monuments and Historical Buildings. Activity n o 8 : “European Meeting Eurekabuild 21 st May 2007, Athens”. In the 21 st May 2007, in Athens, the annual meeting of Eurekabuild Partners took place at the National Research Institution, titled «Towards a sustainable built environment and a living cultural heritage». This meeting was co organized be the Technical Chamber of Greece and the Greek construction research and technology platform. The target of this meeting was the reinforcement of the cooperation between researchers, professors as well as partners involved in structural industry in the sector of built and especially in sustainable environment and in the protection of cultural heritage. Representatives of EPPO and ECPFE participated in this meeting and especially in the sector of «Development of restoration materials and interventions for the earthquake protection of historical buildings». EPPO and ECPFE will disseminate the results of this project through multimedia as CD’ s, electronic Newspapers, Video etc. 31
ECFF - European Centre On Forest Fires / Centre Europeen Sur Les Feux De Forets (Athens) In 2007, ECFF has focused on issues relatively to forest fire smoke and its possible impacts on receptors, such as the exposed population and the environment. In addition, the preparation of a graduate program in disaster management that promotes networking of the Specialized Centers of the agreement and relevant organizations, towards the direction of developing operational oriented knowledge and skills, as well as of using multidisciplinary and integrated approaches for coping with disasters, was at the aim of the Center. More specifically, ECFF during 2007 has: • updated and upgraded the web page ( http://www.civilprotection.gr/ecff/ecff.htm ). FFNet volumes 1 4 are available on line and also other scientific and operational issues are hosted. • cooperated with Global Fire Monitoring Center (GFMC), Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (UNISDR), preparing a joint publication entitled: “Vegetation Fire Smoke: Nature, Impacts and Policies to reduce Negative Consequences on Humans and the Environment”. • focused on preparing a Master in disaster management. For that reason, a meeting in Paris took place with participation of scientists, experts and operational people, organized by the Council of Europe. The agenda of the meeting included issues, such as: Aim of the graduated program supported by the Open Packed Agreement of the Council of Europe General Principles and Courses of the Program Structure Model Scientific areas of the program Strenghts and Weaknesses Opportunities and Challenges • edited the 5 th volume of FFNet (Forest Fire Net publication) 32 LUXEMBURG / LUXEMBOURG
ECGS - European Centre for Geodynamics and Seismology / Centre Européen de Géodynamique et de Sismologie (Walferdange)
1. Perspectives générales Un événement marquant de cette année 2007 fut l’inauguration du « Laboratoire de Gravimétrie Absolue, Baron Paul Melchior ». En hommage à l’initiateur et au père de la recherche en géophysique au Luxembourg le Baron Paul Melchior, l’ECGS lui a dédié une salle au sein du Laboratoire Souterrain de Géodynamique de Walferdange. Cette inauguration a eu lieu le 21 juin 2007 en présence de nombreux amis du défunt scientifique ainsi que de nombreuses personnalités luxembourgeoises et des anciens membres du Conseil Scientifique et du Conseil d’Administration de l’ECGS. L’année 2007 a aussi été marquée par l’engagement d’une nouvelle secrétaire administrative, Madame Corine Galassi, qui a pris ses fonctions mi janvier 2007, ainsi que par la recherche d’un nouveau collaborateur afin d’occuper le poste de scientifique vacant depuis juin 2006. Un appel à candidature à été lancé et des entretiens ont été menés. Finalement, le choix s’est porté sur le Dr. Adrien Oth, séismologue, qui a pris ses fonctions le 1 janvier 2008. L’engagement des ces deux personnes marque la fin de la période de transition au sein de l’ECGS, qui maintenant est de nouveau complètement opérationnel. A noter que l’ECGS a également engagé le Dr. Flora Paganelli pour une période de six mois pour la réalisation d’un projet scientifique spécifique détaillé plus loin dans ce rapport. Au niveau du Conseil d’Administration, Monsieur Jean Mathias Goerens, qui avait assuré la présidence par intérim pour quelques mois, a démissionné en tant que président de l’ECGS. C’est Monsieur Michel Feider qui, à l’unanimité, a été élu Président du Conseil d’Administration de l’ECGS. Eric Buttini, quant à lui, a officiellement été nommé trésorier. Eric Tschirhart, représentant de l’Université du Luxembourg au sein du Conseil d’Administration de l’ECGS, a été remplacé par Madame Lucienne Blessing. Sur le plan de la recherche scientifique, beaucoup de projets et de missions ont été menés. Les détails se trouvent dans les pages suivantes de ce rapport d’activités. Un événement scientifique majeur fut la campagne d’intercomparaison de gravimètres absolus qui fut organisé par le Prof. Olivier Francis du 6 au 9 novembre 2008. Cette campagne a réuni 21 ! gravimètres absolus, venant du monde entier, dont 14 ont pu mesurer simultanément. Jamais un tel nombre d’instruments n’avait pu être réuni jusqu’à présent. Sur le plan éducatif, les 94ième Journées Luxembourgeoises de Géodynamique ont été organisées au mois de novembre, réunissant une quarantaine de chercheurs, jeunes et confirmés. Finalement, Nicolas d’Oreye, du Musée national d’histoire naturelle, a organisé, du 19 au 21 novembre 2007, le 26ième Workshop de l’ECGS intitulé « Active Volcanism & Continental Rifting, with special focus on the Virunga (North Kivu, DR of Congo) » auquel ont participé environ quatre vingts scientifiques du monde entier.
2. L’équipe Les affaires courantes sont gérées par: Secrétaire Général Eric Buttini (Musée national d’histoire naturelle) Secrétaire Administrative Corine Galassi (employée mi temps de l’ECGS) L’équipe des chercheurs comprend : Dr. Olivier Francis, géophysicien, Professeur à l’Université du Luxembourg (50%) Dr. Flora Paganelli, géophysicienne, employée de l’ECGS (du 11.10.07 au 10.04.08) Ainsi que : Gilles Celli, ingénieur industriel, employé du Musée National d’Histoire Naturelle (70%) Remarque: A partir du 1 janvier 2008, l’équipe scientifique est complétée par le Dr. Adrien Oth, géophysicien, employé de l’ECGS à temps plein. 33
3. Activités d’éducation 3.1 Réunions Scientifiques O. Francis et T. van Dam ont organisé et participé activement aux: * 94ième Journées Luxembourgeoises de Géodynamique, 12 14 novembre 2007, EuroHotel, Gonderange (40 participants) * International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters à Walferdange , 6 9 novembre, 2007 (40 participants, 21 gravimètres absolus) N. d’Oreye a organisé et participé activement aux: * 26ième Workshop de l’ECGS “Active Volcanism & Continental Rifting, with special focus on the Virunga (North Kivu, DR of Congo)”, 19 21 novembre 2007, Hotel Parc Belle Vue, Luxembourg (80 participants) (rapport en annexe 1) 3.2 Visites du Laboratoire souterrain de géodynamique Comme chaque année, nous avons reçu beaucoup de demandes de groupes voulant visiter le Laboratoire Souterrain de Géodynamique de Walferdange. Malheureusement, il ne nous est pas possible de satisfaire à toutes ces demandes sans risquer de perturber les mesures et instruments scientifiques très sensibles qui se trouvent dans l’ancienne mine de gypse. C’est pour cette raison que nous essayons de limiter les visites à maximum une par mois. En effet, nous voulons tout de même permettre au grand public de constater quelle type de recherche nous effectuons et quoi servent les impôts que chaque citoyen paie. En 2007, une dizaine de groupe ont donc visité notre laboratoire avec un total d’environ 150 personnes. Les visites ont été assurées pas Gilles Celli, Nicolas d’Oreye et Olivier Francis. 4. Activités de Recherche des scientifiques de l’ECGS Les scientifiques de l’ECGS sont impliqués dans plusieurs projets de recherche internationaux. Parallèlement, l’ECGS supporte financièrement des projets scientifique externe soumis et ayant reçu l’accord du Conseil Scientifique de l’ECGS. Le financement de tous les projets provient en majeure partie de la dotation du Gouvernement luxembourgeois et pour le reste de fonds extérieurs et des subsides de l’Accord Partiel Ouvert EUR APO Risques Majeurs. 4.1 Projets de recherche en cours Gravimétrie • Campagne de mesures absolues de la pesanteur à Epen (Pays Bas), Membach (Belgique) et au Groenland (O. Francis) Gravimétrie et GPS • Détermination des variations de la masse de la calotte glacière dans la partie sud du Groenland à partir de mesures GPS et de gravimétrie absolue (en collaboration avec l'Université du Colorado, USA et l’Université du Luxembourg) (T. van Dam et O. Francis) • InSAR PSI • Etude de faisabilité pour l’application des techniques d’interférométrie radar (InSAR) et la technique dite des réseaux de réflecteurs stables (Persistant Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) à l’étude de volcans actifs africains (Flora Paganelli) • Surveillance de volcans • Etude de faisabilité pour la surveillance de volcans à l’aide de satellites géostationnaires. Cette étude fait l’objet d’une convention de recherche entre la société Luxspace sàrl (Luxembourg) et l’ECGS. Le projet est réalisé par Luxspace sàrl et soutenu par l’ECGS. Borehole-Gravimeter • Elaboration et construction d’un prototype opérationnel d’un gravimètre « Borehole gravimeter » (Manfred Bonatz et Eric Buttini), projet soutenu par l’ECGS. • Collaboration avec l’Observatoire Royal de Belgique (Dr. M. van Ruymbeke) • Détermination de la valeur de G à l’aide d’une balance gravitationnelle basée sur le principe du pendule astatisé 34 • Test d’un ascenseur pour étalonnage inertiel de gravimètres par comparaison avec le gravimètre supraconducteur Informatique • Réécriture d’un programme pour le système d’acquisition du supragravimètre GWR. Programme permettant d’acquérir avec une grande précision (temps < 10 ms) les données, qui peuvent être visualisées en temps réel dans une fenêtre graphique. Les données, à la fréquence de 2 Hz, sont sauvegardées dans un ficher journalier au format TSOFT (Gilles Celli) • Maintenance des ordinateurs de l’ECGS en y appliquant les mises à jour d’applications et de sécurité (Gilles Celli) 4.2 Observations et mesures • Observations et mesures de type "observatoire" réalisés par O. Francis: • Mesures continues de la pesanteur avec le gravimètre à supraconductivité dans le Laboratoire Souterrain de Géodynamique de Walferdange • Mesures continues de la pluviomètrie à Walferdange • Mesures inclinométriques en continu dans la salle du gravimètre à supraconductivité • Station de marées gravimétriques avec le gravimètre à ressort Scintrex Walferdange • Mesures absolues mensuelles de la pesanteur dans le laboratoire souterrain de géodynamique à Walferdange • Maintenance des stations sismiques de Kalborn, Vianden et Walferdange 4.3. Publications Francis O., Absolute and relative gravity measurements in Qaqortoq (Greenland) in August 2007, Final Report, 20 pages, 2007. 35
FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA/ EX- REPUBLIQUE YOUGOSLAVE DE MACEDOINE
ECILS - European Centre on the Vulnerability of Industrial and Lifeline Systems / Centre Européen sur la Vulnérabilité des Systèmes et Réseaux Industriels (Skopje)
36
MALTA / MALTE
ICoD - Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Insular Coastal Dynamics / Centre Européen de la Dynamique Côtière Insulaire (La Valetta)
37 MOLDOVA
ECMNR - European Center for Mitigation of Natural Risks / Centre pour la Réduction des risques naturels (Chisinau) Priorities in 2007 The efforts of the Center were concentrated on the fulfillment of the following tasks marked in: 1. Conclusions drawn at the Meeting of directors of the specialized centers of EUR OPA Major Hazards Agreement on February 2 3, 2007 2. Draft with average term 2007 2011 adopted at the Ministerial Session of a Partial Open Agreement EUR OPA Major Risks. 3. Conclusions drawn at the meeting of Permanent Co respondents of the Partial Open Agreement EUR OPA Major Risks on September 27 28, 2007 in Bucharest. These priorities were realized on the basis of some special activities: 1. Educational • At school level The study of possible ways of efficient training and improvement of professional skills of the didactic staff in the domain of civil defence and planning of activities concerning the life security in case of natural disasters. • At university level Within the round table with the participation of field specialists were drawn up suggestions and was sustained the conception of conducting master’s studies – training of national high qualified staff for the management of risk. 2. Management • Informational Within the round table “The management of emergency situations – problems and solutions” were examined the problems related to the management of emergency situations and proposed solutions. A scientific practical seminar “The evaluation and reduction of waste products: a single solution” was organized. On the basis of the activity within the program were the principles of waste reduction: wastes evaluation and neutralization, reduction of waste production, exclusion of prime toxic material from utilization. A special attention was paid to the implementation of the Culture of risks, Euro Mediterranean cooperation, initiatives of the risk prevention and recommendation regarding the international strategy for the mitigation of negative results of natural hazards. The main realizations of the Center 1. Consolidation of the scientific potential of the Republic of Moldova and neighbouring countries in the development of an applied module of complex measures in emergency situations. 2. Active contribution to cooperation and interaction between the authorities of central and local public administration, NGOs and other organizations for the identification of a positive solution in the waste evaluation and mitigation thus ensuring the human rights at a healthy level. 3. Institution in the educational system at all levels as basic discipline the course “Civil defence” that present the measures of personal security, population and tangible property protection. The proposals concerning the curriculum, analytical programs and general objectives of the course “Civil defence” were discussed and were examined: - at the level of cognition and comprehension; - at the level of application; - at the level of integration. 4. Master’s degree. a) Were defined and were specified of measures of activity; 38 b) Was identified the insufficiency of specialised staff in the management of risk; c) Was identified the material and professorial didactic basis able to assure the educational training process by means of master’s studies of the national specialists in the domain of administration of natural, technological and social risks. Within the round table with the participation of field specialists and university professors were discussed and were examined the proposals concerning the analytical programs of disciplines according to specializations and general objectives: - at the level of cognition and comprehension - at the level of appreciation of risk and application of knowledge - at the level of integration, cooperation. All these realisations are a modest contribution of the Center aimed at the mitigation of risk, as element of long term and stable development, development of the legislative and scientific basis concerning the prevention of risk, professional behavioral reaction and rendering first aid. 39 MORROCO / MAROC
CEPRIS – Euro-Mediterranean Center for Evaluation and Prevention of Seismic Risk / Centre Euro-Méditerranéen sur l’Evaluation et la Prévention du Risque Sismique (Rabat)
Surveillance et Alerte Sismique au Maroc et dans les régions limitrophes Le seisme de Bni Tadjite du 30 Janvier (magnitude 5.0) Le jour même, un réseau de stations mobiles a été mis en place pour mesurer les répliques et mener une étude macrosismique afin de déterminer l’intensité maximale du séisme, l’épicentre macrosismique et les courbes isoséistes autour de la zone sismogène. Ce séisme a été précédé par 3 événements de magnitude entre 3 et 3.9 et suivi par 131 événements entre le 30 janvier et le 12 mars dont plus de 56 le 30 janvier même, de magnitudes 2.8 à 3.9. Le Séisme atlantique du 12 Février (magnitude 6.3) La secousse a été ressentie dans les villes côtières (de Tanger à Agadir) ainsi que dans des villes de l’intérieur (Marrakech, Ouarzazate et Er Rachidia). Localisé sur la ligne sismique Açores – Gibraltar, ce choc a été suivi de deux secousses de faible magnitude près des côtes portugaises non ressenties par la population vu sa profondeur importante. Le seisme de l’Oued Ifrane du 11 Août 2007 (magnitude 5.0) La secousse a été ressentie dans un rayon de 200 Km autour de l’épicentre. Aucune activité sismique particulière ne l’a précédé (une seule secousse de magnitude 3.3 dans la région durant les trois mois précédents) et il n’a engendré qu’une réplique de magnitude 2.7. Surveillance Sismique du territoire national et des régions limitrophes En 2007, le Réseau National a enregistré plus de 657 secousses sismiques déterminées ayant affecté le territoire national et les régions limitrophes, réparties en: • 211 secousses de magnitude comprise entre 2.0 et 3.0 ; • 416 secousses de magnitude comprise entre 3.0 et 4.0 ; • 28 secousses de magnitude comprise entre 4.0 et 5.0 ; • 2 secousses de magnitude supérieure à 5.0. Ces secousses sismiques ont affecté plusieurs régions du Maroc: 178 secousses dans la région de Figuig, 90 dans la région de d’Al Hoceima et 135 le large des côtes. Qualification des nouveaux sites et modernisation du réseau sismique L’ING a été chargé du renouvellement du réseau de surveillance et d’alerte sismique en temps réel au moyen de la transmission satellitaire : une trentaine de stations sismiques nouvelle génération et une Centrale d’acquisition et de traitement des données à Rabat. La surveillance et l’alerte sismiques en temps réel requièrent le suivi 24/24, 7j/7, ce qui nécessite un fonctionnement à 99% des équipements sismologiques et de transmission et acquisition des données. Une centaine de sites potentiels sont en cours d’étude pour leur qualification géologique et séismologique. Le CEPRIS a aussi participé à la surveillance sismique euro méditerranéenne par : - l’entretien et le suivi du fonctionnement et exploitation de la station VBB de Rabat et le système d’acquisition installé au sein de NDC à l’ING ; - les discussions sur les possibilités de développement avec l’INGV italien. Etude des spectres accélérométriques marocains Cette opération porte sur l’exploitation des accélérogrammes enregistrés jusqu’à ce jour au Maroc, le calcul des accélérations maximales et les lois d’atténuation. Expertise auprès des autorités Surveillance et alerte sismique des barrages Depuis plus d’une décennie, le CNRST s’est vu chargé par la Direction des Aménagements Hydrauliques (DAH) la tâche de procéder régulièrement à : • Entretien des équipements d'auscultation sismique au sein des barrages; • Exploitation et traitement des données. 40 Lors des visites (3 par barrage et par an) aux 24 barrages et sites, le staff technique du CNRST récupère les données accélérométriques éventuellement enregistrées, données analysées à Rabat pour faire l’objet des traitements plus poussés notamment : dépouillement, interprétation des enregistrements et édition des résultats; recherche spectrale pour des séismes présentant un intérêt particulier; fourniture des rapports semestriels de l’entretien du matériel sismologique. Qualification sismique de sites de centrales électriques Une étude sismique a concernée un site dans la Province de Safi par le biais de : - travaux de terrain (en commun entre le CNRST et la Faculté des Sciences de Kénitra); - travaux de traitement des données et confection du rapport de commande. Le personnel du CEPRIS a aussi proposé un programme pour la réalisation d’étude sismique de deux sites de centrales électriques dans les Provinces de Kénitra et de Larache. Convention cadre de cooperation avec le Ministère de l’Habitat Elle a pour objectif la promotion et le renforcement des relations de coopération entre le CNRST et le Ministère Délégué Chargé de l'Habitat et de l'Urbanisme par des activités dans les domaines d'intérêt commun (recherche, études, expertise et formation dans le domaine de l'habitat et de l'urbanisme) et pour répondre aux besoins et attentes du secteur de l'habitat. Dans ce cadre, le CEPRIS est en cours de négociation avec d’autres centres spécialisés de l’Accord pour bénéficier du savoir faire de ces pays. Aléa, microzonage sismique et préparation de cartes d’aptitude à l’urbanisation Le CEPRIS a développé une méthodologie pour la microzonation sismique des centres des communes rurales de la région d’Al Hoceima basée sur : a) la cartographie géologique : cartographie de la géologie de surface afin de caractériser les formations superficielles pouvant générer un effet sismique de site. b) les mesures de réfraction sismique: enregistrement de la propagation des ondes sismiques dans le sous sol pour déterminer les vitesses d'ondes de cisaillement et également des profils sismiques en 2 dimensions. c) les mesures de bruit de fond : enregistrement des composantes horizontales et verticales du bruit de fond sur un site pour déterminer la fréquence propre du sol et ainsi comparer les points en terme d’amplitude. Le but est de cartographier les zones dont la réponse sismique est homogène en prenant en compte les effets géologiques de site et aider ainsi à la génération de cartes d’aptitude à l’urbanisation applicables à des domaines tels que: • les projets de construction entrepris par les Agences Urbaines, • le renforcement sismique des bâtiments existants, la structuration des espaces bâtis et la planification des extensions urbaines. Une telle approche a aussi été appliquée au cas de la ville nouvelle de Tamesna, en cours de construction près de Rabat. Les travaux de terrain ont commence l’été par des mesures de bruit de fond et suivi en automne par des travaux de réfraction sismique . Le CEPRIS a aussi participé à une opération lancée par l’Agence Urbaine de Meknès pour l’élaboration de la carte de microzonation sismique de Moulay Driss Zerhoune. Activités dans le domaine de l’éducation supérieure Conventions avec les institutions universitaires et académiques marocaines Afin de dynamiser les actions du CEPRIS, une convention pour la promotion et le renforcement des relations de coopération entre le CNRST, abritant le CEPRIS, et la Faculté des Sciences de Kénitra (Université Ibn Tofaïl), a été signée cette année. Encadrement des stagiaires Participation à l’encadrement de stagiaires de différentes universités marocaines et contribution à la mise en place d’un Master « Méthodes d’Analyse des Ressources et des Risques Naturels » module Séismologie et risque Sismique. Encadrement de Mémoires DESA 41 • « Microzonation sismique de la future ville de Tamesna Rabat : contribution à l’évaluation de l’effet de site par la méthode H/V de Nakamura », I. CHAHBOUNE, Faculté des Sciences de Kénitra, 2006 (en cours) ; • « Crise sismique de la région de Talsint », Y. BELMOUDEN, Faculté des Sciences de Kénitra, 2006 (en cours) ; Encadrement de Thèses de Doctorat • « Contribution à la discrimination des signaux sismiques », M. BENBRAHIM, Université Mohamed V, Rabat, soutenue le 23 Avril 2007. • « Etude et évaluation des risques de Tsunamis sur les côtes marocaines », F. KAABOUBEN, Université Ibn Tofail, 2002 (en cours). • « Modélisation des ondes séismiques enregistrées au Maroc et en Côte d’Ivoire », G.O. MELESS ESMEL, Université Ibn Tofail, 2005 (en cours). • « Beam Forming des ondes séismiques et structure de la terre au Maroc », P.N. ELOUMALA ONANA (Cameroun), Université Ibn Tofail, 2005 (en cours) ; • « Evaluation de l’effet de site pour la future ville de Tamesna Rabat ; approche multidisciplinaire », H.S. EL MOURAOUAH, Université Ibn Tofail, 2006 (en cours) ;
Coopération internationale Programmes coordonnés de l’Accord Elle concerne la participation aux deux programmes en cours de mise en place: • Creation of Regional Capacity and Task Force for Post disaster Damage Assessment – ECILS, Skopje – Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia • Culture Locales du Risque : Ressources Précieuses. Ressources à Risque – CUEBC, Ravello Italie 3rd Workshop on the Potential for Very Large Earthquake Disasters in the European-Mediterranean Region (Marrakech, October 22-23 ) The following topics were discussed: - Identification of areas with potential for very large earthquake disasters; - Interaction with the society in the light of a foreseen earthquake disaster; - Role of seismologists in response to an earthquake disaster; - Vulnerable communities: earthquake scenarios and mitigation strategies; - Effect of time dependent inputs on earthquake scenarios RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE WORKSHOP 1) Considering the need of data and instrumentation in different countries of the Euro Mediterranean region, a large project must be organized in the fields of seismic hazard, 2) Building capacity for widespread use of advanced technological e means (databases, computational & communication facilities etc.) 3) Set up joint research programs that gather institutions from the Partner Countries with an emphasis on the western Mediterranean part, 4) Recognizing the need to enhance our efforts in the dissemination of EQ related knowledge (towards educational institutions, civil society, civil defense, decision makers, professional communities, media, …). 5) Develop programs for the training of young scientists in the fields related to seismic hazard/risk studies, Coopération avec l’IGN (Espagne) Elle s’est matérialisée en 2007 par une reconnaissance par 2 chercheurs de CEPRIS et 3 chercheurs de l’IGN d’Espagne du site du barrage Sahla (8 Km à l’ouest de Taounate) pour l’installation d’une station sismique réalisée. Les discussions ont portées sur : • les considérations techniques sur la mise en place d’une station dans la région; • l’acheminement de la station et de ses composantes au Maroc ; • la possibilité d’alimenter la station par le secteur ; • les aménagements nécessaires pour la mise en place de la station. Projet PROHITECH Le CEPRIS participe au projet « Protection sismique des bâtiments historiques par les technologies mixtes réversibles » organisé par un consortium de 16 équipes et qui 42 comporte parmi ses 14 workpackages le WP3 : Synthèse des approches courantes pour l’évaluation des dommages et la définition des vulnérabilités sismiques des types structuraux dans des pays Euro-Méditerranéens dont l’ING est le leader . L’équipe marocaine a réalisé une étude pilote sur la vulnérabilité sismique des bâtiments dans Rabat, Oujda, Fès, Marrakech et Agadir : des mesures spécifiques sur les matériaux de construction des médinas ont été faites. Projet NEAREST Il vise à identifier et caractériser des sources potentielles de tsunami autour du Golfe de Cadiz comme base d’ un prototype de système de détection précoce dans la région. L’équipe marocaine collabore avec une dizaine d’autres institutions aux 8 workpackages: • Analyse et identification des sources de Tsunamis • Analyse et Caractérisation des sources de Tsunamis • Analyse de la Surveillance sismologique • Analyse de la détection du signal tsunamigène • Intégration des données /réseau intégré de détection des Tsunamis • Analyses des Paléo tsunamis et de enregistrements des Paléo séismes • Analyses et modélisations de l'impact des tsunamis au SW Portugal • Analyses et étude de la faisabilité et de prototype d’un Système d’Alerte Précoce La 1ère Réunion annuelle du Projet a eu lieu à Marrakech les 25 et 26 Octobre. Groupe Intergouvernemental de Coordination sur les systèmes d’Alerte de Tsunamis pour le Nord Atlantique, la Méditerranée et les mers associées. Le CNRST a mené depuis longtemps plusieurs actions dans ce domaine: - modélisation de la propagation des vagues de tsunamis sur les côtes (avec le Portugal); - projets de la Commission Européenne sur l’évaluation du risque de tsunami. Lors de la 1 ère session du Groupe Intergouvernemental en 2005, le représentant du CNRST a été élu pour deux ans premier vice président de ce Groupe de Coordination et le Ministère des Affaires Etrangères et de Coopération a désigné le CNRST comme point focal national.
Productions Scientifiques • Iben Brahim A., El Mouraouah A., Kasmi M., Birouk A., Toto E. A., Hafid M Et Benammi M. (2007): Effets sismiques de site et carte d’aptitude à l’urbanisation de la nouvelle ville de Tamesna; Méthodologie et état d’avancement. Réunion annuelle du Comité National du Génie Parasismique, 18 Déc. 2007. • El Mouraouah A., Iben Brahim A., Kasmi M. And Birouk A. (2007): From Agadir to Al Hoceima part 1: Seismic hazard in Morocco, 3rd workshop on the potential for very large earthquake disasters in the euro mediterranean region, European Seismological Commission, 22 23 October, 2007. • Iben Brahim A., El Mouraouah A., Kasmi M. and Birouk A. (2007): From Agadir to Al Hoceima part 2: vulnerability and risk mitigation, 3rd workshop on the potential for very large earthquake disasters in the euro mediterranean region, European Seismological Commission, 22 23 October, 2007. • Birouk A., El Mouraouah A., Iben Brahim A. Et Kasmi M., Benammi. M., Hafid M. Et Toto E. A. (2007) : Etude sismique du site de Bir El Har (Province de Safi), Rapport inédit pour le compte de l’Office national de l’Electricité, 119 pages. • El Hammoumi A., Iben Brahim A., Toto E. A., Hafid M., Kerroum M., El Mouraouah A., Kasmi A. Et Birouk A. (2007) : D III Part II (2.1), Numerical Activity: Materials and Elements. Numerical Modeling On Adobe, Earthquake Protection of Historical Buildings by Reversible Mixed Technologies” PROHITECH Projet., 5 pages • El Hammoumi A., Iben Brahim A., Toto E. A., Hafid M., Kerroum M., El Mouraouah A., Kasmi A. Et Birouk A. (2007) : Local Materials In The Construction Of Earth Traditional Houses And Stone Houses (WP7 Experimental Activity), Earthquake Protection of Historical Buildings by Reversible Mixed Technologies” PROHITECH Projet., 28 pages. 43 • El Hammoumi A., Iben Brahim A., Toto E. A., Hafid M., Kerroum M., El Mouraouah A., Kasmi A. Et Birouk A. El Harrouni Kh. (2007) Template Historical Buildings Susceptible To Refurbishment: Seismic Protection of Anciant Medinas In Morocco. A Study Case of Foundouk Bouâlam. WP11 – STUDY CASES, 55 pages. • El Mouraouah A., Timoulali Y., Benchekoun S., Badrane S. Et Dasser L. (2007) Contribution à la Reconfiguration du réseau sismique national, rapport inédit, Service Prévention Sismique et Coopération, ING, CNRST, 23 p. • El Mouraouah A., Birouk A., Kasmi M., Hni L., El Mrabet T., Dasser L., Benchekroune S., Menzhi M., Badrane S., Iben Brahim A., (2007) Le seisme Du 30 Janvier 2007 (Talsint, Province de Figuig). Suivi de la crise sismique et analyse préliminaire. Situation au 15 mars 2007, Rapport Inedit, Institut National de Géophysique, 70 p.7
44
PORTUGAL
CERU - European Center on Urban Risks / Centre Européen sur les Risques Urbains (Lisbon) 1. Continuation of the Seismic Risk and Prevention Program thanks to the funds received and the kind participation of the Professors Victor Davidovici (Dynamic Concept) and Zoran Milutinovic (ECILS) European Centre for the Vulnerability of Industrial and life lines Systems, (Skopje, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia). The Course was organized in the headquarters of Academy of Engineering in Lisbon, with participants from the Municipal Civil Protection Service of Lisbon and from the Universities of Aveiro, Lisbon, Algarve and Açores. The lectures were followed by visits and comments on the structures of monuments and of the old S.José Hospital that was improved and implemented after the 1755 big Lisbon earthquake. The participants were very pleased to receive the texts of the lectures, as well as the complementary notes. 2. The CERU could attend very important scientific Meetings related to the urban impact of large tsunamis and earthquakes occurring in the Mediterranean and North East Atlantic regions. The XXIX General Assembly of the European Seismological Commission (Potsdam, 2004) approved the creation of the Working Group “Disaster Potential of very large earthquakes in the European Mediterranean Region “chaired by the Director of the CERU. The first workshop took place in Óbidos, Portugal, in December 2005, and a dedicate Seminar in the first ECEES Geneva Meeting in September 2006. In order to conclude the work, a last meeting, thanks to the collaboration of the” Centre Euro Mediterranean pour l’Evaluation et la Prevention du Risque Sismique CEPRIS “ took place in Marrakech, Morocco on October 22 and 23, 2007, improving the previous discussions and sum up the conclusions covering the following topics: • Identification of the areas with a potential very large earthquake disasters; • Interaction with the Society in the light of a foreseen disaster; • Role of seismologists in response to an earthquake disaster; • Vulnerable communities. Earthquake scenarios (exposure, method, resolution, uncertainty) and mitigation strategies (education, communication and risk culture); • The effect of time dependent inputs on earthquake scenarios (influence of demographic and socio economic trends, retrofitting strategies, reinforcement codes). 3. The English version of the book “ Risco Sísmico no Centro Histórico de Lagos “ was concluded, but the publication will be performed as soon as the funds will be received”. 4. The CERU is involved in the assessment of the Seismic Hazard concerning the urban sector of Loulé city (Algarve Portugal). 5. Participation in the other following meetings: • European Union of Geosciences General Assembly, Viena; • American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco; • North East Atlantic and Mediterranean Tsunami Warning System, Intergovernmental Coordination Group (IOC UNESCO), Lisbon; • NEAREST European Project, Lisbon and Marrakech. 45 ROMANIA / ROUMANIE
ECBR - European Centre for Rehabilitation of Buildings / Centre Européen pour la Réhabilitation des Bâtiments, (Bucharest) 46
RUSSIAN FEDERATION / FEDERATION DE RUSSIE ECNTRM- European Center for new technologies in management risks (Moscow) In 2007 there were three main directions of the Center activity: 1.Development of the draft methodic for the rescue staff education . At present there is no universal educational methodic for the rescue staff in organizations dealing with the rescue works. It was decided to combine the information containing in different educational programmes, select the most effective and modern ways and methods of preparation the staff and analyze actions directed to the elimination and minimization of emergency situations consequences. Methodic will consist of 3 parts: Part 1. Education organization of rescue staff. Part 2. Organization of instructor training. Part 3. Educational and methodic literature for instructor training.
In Part 1 of the methodic there are given: • basic principals and ways of rescue staff training; • organization and education methodic and requirements to the level of knowledge and skills of the rescue staff upon the graduation. In Part 2 of the methodic there are given: • recommendations to the training instructor on preparation to conducting basic types of lessons with the rescue staff. • Standard forms of educational and methodic material for carrying out training and recommendations to their development. In Part 3 there is given educational and methodic material on subjects of the lessons. There is given in detail the substance of educational mater of the studies. Full coverage of educational theme will help the trainer during the preparation to the lesson; will remind the trainer about basic moments of high attention etc. Further on there are described most significant elements of educational methodic and short coverage of themes of the lessons.
2. Space monitoring of fire and flood situation on the territory of the Russian Federation.
Analyses of the fire situation
Far East region During the fire dangerous period of 2007 there was developed information from 2000 satellite séances, about 100 MB each. There was used data coming from spacecrafts NOAA 12, NOAA 18. Daily processed operative space information allowed to receive data about forest fire situation on the whole territory of Far East and part of Siberian region. Totally for the reported period by means of space monitoring there were registered 5600 fires with the total territory covered by the fire 3501922,9. Most of the fire accidents took place during the period April May. Siberian region During the fire dangerous period of 2007 there was developed information from 2000 satellite séances, more than 100 MB each. There was used data coming from spacecrafts NOAA 18 and TERRA. 47 Daily processed operative space information allowed to receive data about forest fire situation on the whole territory of Siberian region and partially Far East. Besides there were received data about forest fire in the border regions of Kazakhstan, Mongolia and North China. Dynamics of fire dangerous situation on the territory of Russia in 2007 mostly reflects the situation for the last 10 years. However we stated reduction of the total territory covered by the fire by 23% . Totally for the reported period by means of space monitoring there were registered 23 024 fires with the total territory covered by the fire 13 773 342 hectare. Central and South region During the fire dangerous period of 2007 there was developed information from 1656 satellite séances, more than 313 GB totally. There was used data coming from spacecrafts NOAA 18, NOAA 12, NOAA 15, NOAA 14 and TERRA. Dynamics of fire dangerous situation on the territory of Russia in 2007 mostly reflects the situation for the last 10 years. However we stated reduction of the total territory covered by the fire by 23% . Totally for the reported period by means of space monitoring there were registered 252 fires with the total territory covered by the fire 875,863 hectare. Analyses of the flood situation
Far East Region January 2007 was very warm, 1 3 degrees higher than average temperatures marked earlier in the most regions for the period 1989 2002. Because of heavy snow and low temperatures in the middle of March there were unfavorable conditions for snow melting and rivers freezing over. North Western region Autumn river watering was above usual (100 130%), excluding Pskovsky, Leningradsky, Novgorodsky region where damping exceeded norm 1.5 2 times. According to snow shots at February 10 snow water reserves were 70 130% out of norm. Ice width on lakes and rivers on the territory – 20 50 cm, that is 10 25 cm less than norm.
3. Operative duty Extremum programme
During the period from 01.01.2007 to 1.10.2007 there were registered 3481 seismic events in the world. There were registered from 5 to 20 earthquakes daily. Most active seismic zones on the territory of the Russian Federation are Far East, South and Siberian regions, we can say that seismic activity in South West, Privolzhsky Uralsky and Central region is on a background level. The most seism dangerous region is Kuriles, then Sakhalin and Kamchatka peninsula. In the rest part of the world the main seismic zones are South East Asia (Indonesia, Philippines, Mariana Islands), Australia and Oceania, South America (Argentina, Peru, Chile, Ecuador, Panama), Far East region (Japan), Asia region (China, India), Middle East (Iran, Afghanistan), Africa (Mozambique), Madagascar, North America (Alaska) and European region (Turkey, Greece, Italy). Most destructive seismic event on the territory of the Russian Federation was the earthquake on Sakhalin island town Nevelsk M=6,1, registered on 02.08.2007, 2 people died, 14 injured. 70% of buildings and constructions were damaged. In the world destructive earthquakes were registered in Peru M=7,8, 2141 people suffered, 527 died, Sumatra M=6,4, 70 people died, Solomon Island M=7,7, 22 people died. 48
SAN MARINO / SAINT-MARIN
CEMEC - European Centre for Disaster Medicine / Centre Européen pour la Médecine des Catastrophes (San Marino)
49
TURKEY / TURQUIE
AFEM - European Natural Disasters Training Centre / Centre Européen de Formation sur les Risques Naturels (Ankara) SEMINARS 1. “Nuclear and Radiological Disasters” (October, 2007) Experts in General Directorate of Disaster and pPersonnel of General Directorate of Disaster Affairs and authorities of TAEK (Turkey Nuclear Energy Institute) participated to the seminar. LECTURERS • Dr. N.Belgin ONAT (Physical Engineer, TAEK Emergency Situation Preparation and Coordination Unit) • H.Burçin OKYAR (Physical Engineer, TAEK) • Yusuf GÜLAY (Nuclear Energy Engineer, TAEK) PRESENTATIONS • Radiation, Usage Areas and Radiological Accidents • Nuclear Accidents and receivable preventions • Legislation (regulations) 2. “Usage of Regional Climate Models for Weather-Related Natural Disasters Prediction” (29 October-02 November 2007 ) 27 trainees from Azerbaijan, United Arab Emirates Bosnia, Bulgaria, Georgia, Iran, Northern Cyprus Turkish Republic, Lithuania, Egypt, Pakistan, Poland, Russia, Uzbekistan and Turkey. AIM In recent years, more frequent and severe disasters related to extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, torrents, hail, soil erosion, land slide, avalanche, etc. have been observed. Furthermore, this upward trend is projected to continue in the future causing additional enormous economic and human losses. Prevention and/or minimization of the impacts of these kind of disasters and be prepared against them could be possible by predicting extreme weather events. Regional climate models can be used for this aim. In this training course, RegCM Regional Climate Model will be demonstrated as well as usage of its output in a plant growth model and it will help to build regional and national capacity on weather related disaster management by learning how to use regional climate models for extreme event predictions. LECTURERS • Dr. Filippo Giorgi (International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Italy) • Dr. Sara A. Rauscher (International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Italy) • Dr. Xunqiang Bi (International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Italy) • Prof. Dr. Sevilay TOPCU (Çukurova University, Agriculture Faculty, Adana) • Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ömer Lütfi EN (İstanbul Technical University) • Msc. Agr. Eng. Burak en (Turkish State Meteorological Service) CONTENT Importance to assess impacts regional climate information, the effects of regional climate variability, Determining regional and local scale process, Technical and strategies of regional climate model, The equations of a climate model, RCM experiments, structure, advantages, limitations and practices of RCM. A history of regional climate model, Running of the RegCM system, Compose of initial and limitation conditions (study athmosphere, time interval, phscical parameters), Determining and compose pof data, Modelling, Regional climate model configuration, Model datas, Determining the datas of study area, Determining of data limitations, Practice choosen data, RegCM3 resolution. Regional climate model output visualization, RegCm practices, 50 Validating and evaluating RegCM model, RegCM studies in Turkey, snowmelt in river discharge, snow effect, regional climate model, experimental design, interpolation of satellite snow cover to model grids, monthly snow cover, daily changes, monthly changes, monthly spatial and temporary corelation, rainfall snow conversion temperature and effects, sensitivity of Turkish precipitation to Sea surface temperature variability in the surrounding seas, sea surface temperature, corelations, results of corelations analysis, model performance, rainfall modelling and observation in Turkey, Aegean practices, Southern Mediterranean practices, West Blacksea region practices, East Blacksea region practices, Central Mediterrenean practices, results, hard rainfall events in Turkey, climate of Antalya, topography effect at the modelling climate, topography datas, vegetation maps, performance of model, regional rainfall variability, compose of experimental datas, temprature changes in future, rainfall changes in future, regional changes, seasonal changes are represented by the lecturer. 3. “AGROMETEOROLGY” (05-09 November 2007). 26 trainees from 9 countries (Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Bosnia, Morocco, Iran, Kazakhstan, Northern Cyprus Turkish Republic, Sudan and Turkey) AIM Agriculture is a factory which works under atmospheric conditions. The effects of climate factors are continuing without any decrease however agricultural techniques and inventions are developing. Firstly climatic properties of an area should be considered when agricultural facility and operating plans are being hold. Climate and weather condition is the first factor in soil processing, sowing, planting, trimming, hoeing, and irrigation, spraying medicine, harvesting and determining the vegetation type which is going to grow in an area. Material losses occur as a result of the possible faults in planning and applications which is base of the agriculture. Seed, soil and human factors except climate which is main factors in order to be able to get plenty of and qualified crop can be controlled and are reclaimable. Investments are damaged by negative weather conditions in the agricultural activities which climatic factors are not considered. Climatic factors cause indirect damage by increasing of illness and pests in agricultural area. Medicine spraying type and time varies by temperature and humidity. The main objective of the course is to give essential information about climate and weather properties in order to increase crop yield and quality, and reduce the damage of negative weather conditions to minimum, and provide economically usage of agricultural inputs (fertilizer, medicine, manpower, etc.). LECTURERS • Dr. Rene GOMMES (FAO, Environment, climate change and bioenergy division, Italy ) • Prof. Dr. Mehmet KARACA (İstanbul Technical University) • Prof. Dr. Levent AYLAN (İstanbul Technical University) • Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ömer Lütfi EN (İstanbul Technical University) • Dr. Hakan YILDIZ (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) • Dr. Ali MERMER (Turkish State Meteorological Service AgroMeteorology Division) • Celal KÜÇÜKOĞUZ (Turkish State Meteorological Service AgroMeteorology Division) CONTENT Agrometeorology, Agricultural forecast and early warnings, phenology and extreme events. Drought Assessment Concept Drought Indices, Climatology and Drought, Drought Analysis, Drought Type, Averaging Period, Drought Definition, Key Indicators for Drought Monitoring, Drought Assessment Tools, Importance of Drought Indices, Approaches to Drought Assessment, given samples of drought in Turkiye, Rainfall Deciles and the different countries, Anthropogenic Climate Change and Droughts, climate models and Satellite Observations, the scenarios of global warming, Measures to Reduce and Prevent drought/desertification. 51 Crop monitoring and yield forecasting methods, The upper limit of agricultural production: climatic potential yield, Crop forecasting methods direct and indirect effects of Climate change on agriculture. Simulation Modeling The Crop Growth And Applications In Türkiye, Possible Impacts Of Climate Change On Agriculture, Usage Of Models In Agriculture, Crop Model Applications On Climate Change: Turkey Case. Climate System and Its Variability, External factors for climate change, using samplesand prepared models and scenarios for future The studies and projects of Crop Monitoring and Yield Forecasting in Turkey by Using AgroMetShell Model 4. “Disaster Victims Psychology and Psychological First Aid” (16 November 2007) The Personnel of General Directorate of Disaster Affairs participated to the seminar. AIM Te seminar aimed to inform the participants how to behave in case of a disaster, psychological reactions of the sufferers and psychological problems in cases of disaster were handled in detail with the contributions of the participants examples. During the seminar, thanks to the interactive information exchange made by the personnel of the Natural Disasters Center and their sharing own experiences with the other participants through asking and answering questions indicated the importance of the training provided. LECTURER • Prof. Dr. Nuray KARANCI (Middle East Technical University Dept .of Psychology) CONTENT What is the disaster? Who is affected by disasters ? Psychological reactions phase; Psychological shock phase; Reactions phase; Processing and out of phase; recovery – orientation phase Acute stress aberration Post trauma stress aberration Dependent upon trauma growth Risk factors Psychological support 5. “Technologıc Dısasters Cause Of Meteorologıc Parameters And Cırcumstances" (14 November 2007) LECTURER • Bülent irin (Turkish State Meteorological Service, DMI) • Faruk İpek (Turkish State Meteorological Service, DMI) PRESENTATIONS Establisment of Aviation Meteorology Department Manager • Network of sight(418 Climatologic stations, 110 Synoptic stations, 58 Field Meteorology stations, 8 Radiation stations, 4 Radar stations). • Service by sectors (Transportation, Agriculture, Defence, Enegy, Archaegoly, Environment, Forest, Sports, Tourism, Art, Health). • Managerial structure of General Directorate and Aviation Meteorology Department Manager, Duty and Responsibility of Department Manager. • Turkey area status maps, staff, Meteorologic support. • Technical equipment. • Meteorologic support for military practice, for landing area for helicopters, for Afghanistan (KAIKA) meteorologic Office, for aviation play, with Hazerfen page. • Airline Passenger number, European airline union country, Airline company with low price, Airline Traffic in Turkey, Passenger number in Turkey. • Accident Statistics Information United States Country (NTSB). • Dead number and ratio of airplane accident in Turkey (1955 2004). • Flying effects of Meteorologic parameter and circumstances. • Meteorologic parameters (wind, temperature, sight distance, sight distance of landing field, falling, cloudiness, pressure). 52 • Meteorologic events and classification. • Information about meteorologic event effects on the airplane and cause accident. 6. “Work Health and Security" (13 November 2007) LECTURERS Ümit TARHAN, Süreyya KAPUSUZ, Dr. Buhara ÖNAL, Hasan Serdar SARGIN and Özlem Deniz ERATAK (Ministry of Labour and Social Security) PRESENTATIONS The Culture of Work Health and Security (WHS) Concept of Work Health and Security; Importance of WHS with numbers from World and Turkey; Culture of Security; National and International Regulations about Culture of Security; Studies about Culture of Security Organization of Work Health and Security Development of WHS on the World; International Legislation; National Legislation; Guides (Regulations) Duty, Benefit, Responsibility also Base and Procedure of Study of Technical Staff Members and Charged Engineers about WHS Assessment of Risk Relation Between WHS and Assessment of Risk; Assessment of Risk in legal contemplation; Hazard Risk; Assessment of Risk New Approach about WHS Legislation Relationship between Turkey EU; Classical Aproach about WHS Legislation; New Aproach about WHS Legislation; European Social Circumstance COOPERATIONS • Turkish Red Crescent (TKD), o Common training fields and cooperation possibilities was investigated and signed a cooperation protocol between AFEM and TKD. o Great experience on preparing publications and web site for children: a booklet “I am learning safety living” will be published and disseminated by AFEM and a web site for children will be prepared during 2007 and finished in 2008. • Turkish State Meteorological Service (DMI), o Common training fields and cooperation possibilities was investigated and signed a cooperation protocol between AFEM and DMI. • Ministry of Environment and Forest, o Increasing of emergency response opportunities decreased the number of forest fires : importance of early warning systems should be understood and systems must be developed. o Satellite images for determination and intervention of forest fires: importance should be given to satellite images for monitoring events before and after the fire. o A training center should be established for forest fires in Antalya. o Common training program subjects: “Increasing public awareness about forest fires”, training seminars for local administrators and villagers; Training seminar for 100 students for 5 days in Antalya on June July 2008. • Other organizations and people: • Ministry of Culture and Tourism: books (Avalanches, Snow, ARVA) which are planned to be published by AFEM decided to be disseminated to stuff and tourists in ski centers. • General Directorate of Civil Defense: project subjects were discussed and authority limits of authorized staff were tried to determine. AFEM subscribed to a periodical of General Directorate of Civil Defense and past issues were obtained. • General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSI): planned seminar on “Torrent Problem in Eastern Black Sea Region” is April – May and November – December in Trabzon (DSI’s guest house). • Administrators of Universities, Civil Society Organizations: opinions on different disasters and their support have been taken. • Japan International Cooperating Agency (JICA) 53 PUBLICATIONS AFEM is planning to publish an “international natural and technological disasters” periodical. Editorial Board constituted after consultation with international and national academicians and technicians. Legal procedures are going to be completed. In addition, projects for different target groups are continuing to be developed: • Journals for children • Books for children Preparation of Issues Related to Disaster, Their Print and Distribution: a) What to do During Earthquake b) Dictionary of Snow and Avalanche c) Print and Distribution of Booklets, Posters and CDs on Different Types of Disasters. d) Print and Distribution of 2008 Blank Book and Calendar that Includes Information on Introducing Disasters. (For EUR OPA members) 54 UKRAINE
TESEC - European Centre of Technological Safety / Centre Européen de Sécurité Technologique (Kiev)
Main objectives: to join and concentrate efforts and scientific potential of the world scientific, research, technological centres and laboratories in designing technical means and technologies (including conversion), to define approach to the potentially dangerous activities risk assessment and to conduct activities on prevention and effective response to the consequences of extraordinary technological situations and natural disasters, especially the consequences of Chernobyl catastrophe; to establish reliable mechanism of attraction of the world community for conduction of scientific technological research works at the enterprises with high industrial risk level in Ukraine; to use in Ukraine a world experience in technological safety problems solving; to establish the partners and business contacts among the Ukrainian scientist and scientific research institutions and leading world scientific research centers and laboratories; to create a reliable integration mechanism of Ukraine applied science in the field of technological safety into the world scientific community; to coordinate methodological, technical and financial help in the field of technological safety; to increase the effectiveness of international help, realization of long term projects; to provide effective realization of international cooperation and help programs in the field of prediction and response to the extraordinary situations, minimization of the Chernobyl disaster consequences. 1. To carry out the annual international training course on post-accident radiomonitoring. The accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant on April 26, 1986 has largest radiological consequence. Approximately 11*1018 Bq of radionuclides were released into environment after Chernobyl accident. Among them noble gases (85,85m,87,88Kr, 133,133m,135m,138Xe), iodine isotopes (131,132,133,134,135I), isotopes of 134,137Cs and less volatile radionuclides (95Zr, 99Mo, 89,90Sr, 103,106Ru, 141,144Ce, 154,155Eu, 238 241Pu etc.). The territory 4300 sq. km. around Chernobyl NPP was founded most contaminated. Population was evacuated from this territory at first days after accident and now it’s Exclusion Zone. The territory of Zone somewhere has a radioactive contamination density from 1to1000 Cu/km2 and dose rate 0.02 20 mR/h. due to Cs 137. The density of contamination has a pronounced plume structure (hot spots) with a size 100 5000 m. Nowadays, as a result of radionuclides transformations, Am 241 is present in the contamination. It is emitter of low energy gamma radiation (59.6 KeV), which is unique simulator of radiological situation after nuclear bomb test. Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (ChEZ) is unique laboratory for exercise and training of a specialists on different methods of radiomonitoring in real radionuclides contamination, which is a key parameter of the controlling of the nuclear bomb test. Moreover the Exclusion Zone is uninhabited area, under Ukrainian State authority governing, where population was evacuated in 1986. This is simplifying to carrying out of full scale exercise and using of aircraft, helicopters and other machinery. Since 1987 TESEC organizing and carrying out training courses on Post accident Radiomonitoring technique. In 2007 September 16 22 the Tenth Summer School have been organized. Specialists from Germany, Kuwait, Jordan, Lithuania, Latvia, Great Britain, Turkey participated. 55 2. TESEC Web Site updating. The TESEC Web Site has been developed and deployed at address www.tesec int.org It provides information about future and past TESEC activities. It gives the possibility of direct contact with persons, who interested collaboration with TESEC. The web site has following structure: General information TESEC main activities Summer School Photo Gallery Training Course Planning activities Training Course International Project proposal In 2007 web site have been updated 3. Participation in developing common EUR-OPA proposal for Seventh Framework Programme of EC for research and technological development The severe accidents have demonstrated possible transnational impact of technological accidents. Better prevention of population from consequences of disaster requesting to start the exchanging of data about risk of accidental transnational impact between the neighboring countries as soon as possible. This request is in line with many International conventions, but needs: • developing of the certain format for data exchanging, • standardization of risk assessment procedures and technique, • identification of communication channels for data transfer and responsible for emergency management agency, • implementation of developed procedures and technique in the regulation of European countries. This project proposal “Developing of International system for risk assessment and data exchange in the case of technological emergency” is correspond to the topic “SEC 2007 4.3 01 Developing a common operational picture between regional and national authorities, first responders” called within FP7 Cooperation Work Programme, Security Research Call 1. Council of Europe Open Partial Agreement on the prevention of, protection against, and organisation of relief in major natural and technological disasters (EUR OPA Major Hazards Agreement) created by the Ministers, whose activities contribute to more effective assistance in case of major natural or man made disasters. EUR OPA Major Hazards Agreement, represented by the network of Scientific Centers, could be good partners for execution of such project.
4. Participation in EUR-OPA joint projects and activities. The modern technology is offering to people electricity, food, entertainments, comfort, but also addition hazard and risk attributed to hazardous materials or technologies, like radioactive or toxic substances, high voltage or pressure. The hazardous substances are present in communities around the world, mainly in industrial facilities and during its transportation via highways, rail and waterways. Accidents, including fires, explosions and leakages resulting in the release of these substances, can have adverse effects on human health, property and the environment. Human exposure to hazardous substances can cause injury or even death to a large number of people. Unfortunately, Bhopal chemical accident in 1984 http://www.bhopal.com and Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986 http://www.tesec int.org/Chernobyl.htm are demonstrated high risk attributed to hazardous materials (HAZMAT), which have been released into environment. Human exposure may occur directly through skin or eye contact, inhalation or ingestion of HAZMAT and for radioactive materials even without direct contact, due to distance radiation exposure. 56 Only knowledge about sources and nature of technological risk is the way for safety. This knowledge has to be submitted on the levels of: * Industrial and transportation designers * Operators, inspectors and managers * University professors and students * Emergency service, medical doctors and mass media * General public and children All these targeted groups have different levels of perception capability and need different approaches for presentation of knowledge. Internet web site “Technological Hazard” is the most suitable tool for dispatching of such knowledge for different targeted groups. This topical web site will have few different levels of specific knowledge presentation for different targeted groups. Web Site Structure. The web site will have two dimension structure, following the topical dimensions and presentation on different perception levels. The first level of topical structure has two parts, corresponding to two main types of HAZMAT: * Toxic chemicals hazard * Radiation hazard The second level of topical structure will have following structure: Toxic chemicals hazard classification, nature of hazard, health effects, sources of chemical hazard, chemical detection, protection measures, regulation, legal basis. Radiation hazard nature of radioactivity, types of radiation, interaction radiation with matter, radiation sources, natural and artificial radiation, radiation detection, health effects of radiation, regulation, legal basis. The dimension corresponding to different targeted groups has three levels: * General public, children * High education * Professionals This web site could be a basis for harmonization of technological hazard education on European level for schools, universities and professional training. 57
ITALIE/ITALY
CUEBC - European Centre of Technological Safety / Centre Européen de Sécurité Technologique (Kiev)
16° intensive course NON -MONUMENTAL ANCIENT BUILDINGS RETROFITTING AND LOCAL SEISMIC CULTURE: PROBLEMS , METHODS AND TECHNIQUES (Ravello, 11 17 April 2007) The a seismic retrofitting of ancient buildings is today considered as necessary, not only to preserve important documents of cultural heritage, but also because ancient buildings are considered intrinsically less strong. The course aimed at integrating the knowledges of experts and operators (architects, engineers, archaeologists, seismologists, geologists, historians, economists, secondary schools teachers, Civil protection officials..) with a specific interdisciplinary trainings in the field of traditional a seismic techniques, of their effectiveness and of the most effective methods to urge local communities to regain possession of them. The course is carried out in the framework of the policy of risk local culture propagation, which the Civil Protection department has been carrying out in Italy since several years. The 2007 edition was carried out in connection with the Master “Materiali e tecniche costruttive per il recupero edilizio in area mediterranea”, University of Naples “Federico II”
Module formatif PATRIMOINE CULTUREL , VULNERABILITE ET PREVENTION CONTRE LES RISQUES (Ravello, 15 19 octobre 2007) En collaboration avec École Internationale des Sciences du Traitement de l’Information (EISTI)002E et le Réseau FER-PACT (Sciences et Patrimoine Culturel) avec le soutien du Conseil de l’Europe, EUR-OPA Risques Majeurs I. Un enjeu majeur pour les sociétés du XXI ème siècle Dans un contexte d’évolution démographique préoccupante, de réchauffement climatique rapide, de développement accélérée des moyens de déplacement, de maintien de conflits armés… mais aussi de progrès scientifiques et des connaissances, quelle stratégie mettre en œuvre afin de préserver le patrimoine culturel, pour quels enjeux et avec quels organismes internationaux ? Participants : Laurent Lévi Strauss, Jean Pierre Massué et Max Schvoerer Coordination : Max Schvoerer II. La gestion du risque, une science nouvelle • Nécessité d’une terminologie internationale, notamment en situation d’urgence. • Spécificité des risques dans les sociétés du XXI ème siècle. • Notions d’incertitude et prise de décision ; Principe de précaution. • Le rôle de l’information dans la gestion des risques. • Des exemples des catastrophes. Participants : Laurent Lévi Strauss, Jean Pierre Massué et Max Schvoerer Coordination : Jean Pierre Massué III. Instruments de prévention juridiques et administratifs • Les conventions de l’UNESCO. • Leur mise en application • Dispositions préventives et modalités d’intervention en cas de catastrophe (exemples). • La mise en place de mesures administratives d’accompagnement. • Le « droit des œuvres d’art ». Participants : Nicolas Boyrie, Jean Pierre Courtiau, Laurent Lévi Strauss, Jean Pierre Massué, Luis Oosterbeek et Didier Raciné Coordination : Laurent Lévi Strauss 58 IV. Instruments de prévention scientifiques et techniques a. Sur le terrain : télédétection spatiale, bases de données, cas spécifiques de l’architecture et de ses matériaux, des musées, bibliothèques et de leurs collections, des sites naturels ou culturels (archéologiques), de l’art rupestre ou pariétal, lutte contre le vol et le pillage … b. Au laboratoire : identification des matériaux, contrôle de l’état de conservation, reconstitution de techniques anciennes, re création, recherche de provenance des matières premières, mécanismes d’altération, datation, simulation du comportement d’édifices en situation de sismicité. Participants : Claude Albore Livadie, Alain Billard, Nicolas Boyrie, Enza Cilia Platamone, Ferruccio Ferrigni, Roger Lefèvre, Giorgio Macchi et Max Schvoerer Coordination : Max Schvoerer V. Exemples de stratégies mises en œuvre ou à mettre en œuvre à chaque étape (avant, pendant ou après) d’une catastrophe. V 1. Risques naturels majeurs • Altération des matériaux, fragilisation des structures, restaurations mal réalisées. • Changements climatiques et disparition de civilisations. • Sismicité et / ou volcanisme. • Glissements de terrain, inondations, tornades. • Concertation avec des membres de l’Observatoire du Vésuve. Accueil par des membres de l’Observatoire et déplacement au sommet du cratère du Vésuve pour observations in situ (fréquences des éruptions, stratigraphie,…) V 2. Risques majeurs liés à l’activité humaine Conflits armés. Marquage scientifique des œuvres d’art (musées, bibliothèques). Pollution atmosphérique. Industrialisation / agriculture. Incendies. Fréquentation touristique : le cas de Pompéi (déplacement sur le lieu à l’invitation du Sur intendant du site le Dr Pietro Giovanni Guzzo). Participants : Claude Albore Livadie*, Nicolas Boyrie, Ferruccio Ferrigni, Roger Lefèvre, Giorgio Macchi , Jean Pierre Massué et Max Schvoerer Coordination : Jean Pierre Massué et Max Schvoerer Participation to the European and Mediterranean workshop DISASTER REDUCTION AT SCHOOL “B UILDING SAFER SCHOOL COMMUNITIES ”, with the support of the Council of Europe, EUR OPA Major Hazards, Paphos (Cyprus) 29 30 October 2007 The Centre participated to the workshop with a lecture given by Armando Mauro, responsible for school preparedness actions for the Centre, on the theme “Safety education & Local sustainable development”. Planning and coordination “ MASTER MACL ANDS (MANAGEMENT OF CULTURAL LANDSCAPES )” , in collaboration with Universitè J. Monnet, Université de Stuttgard, Université de Naples, in the framework of ERASMUS MUNDUS, EU The Centre cooperated to the planning and coordination activity which was carried out along 2007. 59 FRANCE
CETICA – Centre Euro-méditerranéen pour les Technologies de l’Information et les Communications Appliquées à la gestion des risques (Draguignan)
Le programme « Caucase » 2006 2008, mis en œuvre en collaboration avec les ambassades de France à Tbilissi et à Erevan, prévoit l’implantation d’antennes satellites destinées à la diffusion de cours de Formation A Distance dispensés en langue russe au profit des organismes de sécurité civile de la Géorgie et de l’Arménie. 1) Programme « Caucase » - 1ère phase (2006) La première partie du programme prévoyait la réalisation, en liaison avec ces mêmes services, de contenus de cours destinés aux départements des situations d’urgence d’Arménie et de Géorgie. Le choix des thèmes a été retenu en vue d’une mutualisation des besoins pédagogiques correspondant aux risques auxquels les pays du Caucase sont confrontés, (pays auxquels pourrait éventuellement s’associer l’Azerbaïdjan). Ces cours réalisés en langue russe, langue commune à l’ensemble des pays du Caucase, sont diffusés et présentés par un professeur, à partir du plateau technique de REMIFOR à Draguignan et à Valabre à partir de 2008. Toutefois, ce système permettant la vidéo conférence, autorise l’interactivité à partir de n’importe quel point du réseau. Cette première phase a été réalisée ou est en cours de réalisation. Ces cours concernent à ce jour : le risque chimique, le transport de matières dangereuses, le risque routier, le sauvetage déblaiement, la gestion opérationnelle du commandement niveau 3 et le risque nautique (en cours de réalisation). 2) Programme « Caucase » - 2e phase (2007) La deuxième partie du programme concernait l’implantation de six stations satellite DVB RCS – nombre ramené à quatre en début d’année 2007, soit deux stations satellite par pays, pour la diffusion et la mutualisation des cours à partir de la plateforme EAD de REMIFOR située à l’Ecole d’Application de la Sécurité Civile (ECASC) à Valabre à compter de 2008, pour la Formation A Distance des sauveteurs Arméniens et Géorgiens. Deux antennes avaient déjà été installées à Erevan (Académie de gestion des crises) et à Tbilissi (Base opérationnelle du Service des situations d’urgence) en Mars 2007. L’objectif de 2007 était d’installer deux nouvelles antennes, l’une à Batoumi (base régionale du SSU de Géorgie) et l’autre à Stépanavan (base régionale du DSU d’Arménie dans la Région de Lori), clôturant ainsi la deuxième phase du programme. Il est prévu que ce réseau d’antennes puisse être également utilisé pour la transmission d’informations opérationnelles en cas de catastrophe (projet à mettre en oeuvre à partir de 2008) et participer ainsi à la prise de décisions en situation de crise au niveau des Services de situations d’urgence. Cette configuration, pour être cohérente, nécessiterait l’adjonction d’un module satellite mobile (embarqué à bord d’un véhicule). Il est à noter que le choix de l’implantation à Stépanavan (Région administrative de Lori), initialement prévue à Gumri, deuxième ville d’Arménie gravement touchée par le séisme de 1988, a été fait de manière à valoriser « le projet d’appui à la coopération entre la région de Lori et la Région PACA 2007 2008 » (Cf. ci dessous la création à Stépanavan d’un centre de formation régional de sauveteurs déblayeurs cofinancé par la Région PACA, REMIFOR, l’association Assistance Pédagogique Internationale (API) et les partenaires du DSU). L’objectif principal de ces antennes est de relier, pour la formation, les différentes unités de secours dans chacun des deux pays, sans qu’il soit nécessaire de les déplacer dans la capitale. L’effectif concerné par le DSU de Géorgie est de 6 000 agents. En ce qui concerne l’Arménie, l’effectif est évalué à 4 800 agents par le DSU d’Erevan. Couplées à un système mobile de transmission de l’information (véhicule satellite ou V SAT), ces antennes deviennent des outils essentiels pour les décideurs en cas de catastrophe.