Appendices

This section includes all appendices referred to in the text. These are predominantly species lists along with a few other informative lists, including:

Appendix A – Vegetation found in DMP 78-80

Appendix B – Hexapod taxa found in DMP 81

Appendix C – Fish species from DMP and Potomac River 82-83

Appendix D – Amphibians and reptiles found in DMP 84

Appendix E – Birds of Dyke Marsh field checklist 85-90

Appendix F – Mammals found in DMP 91

Appendix G – 2003 Dyke Marsh breeding bird survey 92-94

Participants of workshop address and information list 95-97

77 Appendix A List of vegetation found in Dyke Marsh Preserve, from Xu (1991). (+ = rare species in Virginia) Acalypha rhomboidea Acer negundo Calystegia sepium Desmodium spp. Acer rubrum Campsis radicans Digitaria sanguinalis Acer saccharinum Carex annectans Diodia virginiana Achillea millefolium Carex comosa Dioscorea villosa Acorus calamus Carex frankii Diospyros virginiana Aesculus glabra Carex grayi Duchesnea indica Ailanthus altissima Carex lurida Echinochloa crusgalli Alisma plantago-aquatica Carex lupulina Echinochloa walteri Alliaria petiolata/officinalis Carex scoparia Eclipta alba Allium spp. Carex squarrosa Egeria densa Alnus serrulata Carex tribuloides Elaeagnus umbellata Amaranthus cannabinus Carex vulpinoidea Elaeagnus communata Ambrosia artemisiifolia Carpinus caroliniana Eleocharis obtusa Ambrosia trifida Carya tomentosa Elephantopus carolinianus Amelanchier arborea Castanea spp. Elodea densa Amorpha fruticosa Celastrus orbiculatus Elymus virginicus Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Celtis occidentalis Epilobium coloratum Amphicarpa bracteata Cephalanthus occidentalis Erigeron annuus Anthoxanthum odoratum Ceratophyllum demersum Erigeron philadelphicus Apios americana Cercis canadensis Euonymus alatus Apios bractea Chelone glabra Euonymus americanus Apocynum cannabinum Chenopodium album Eupatorium altissimum Arctium minus Chenopodium ambrosioides Eupatorium perfoliatum Arenaria serpyllifolia Cichorium intybus Fraxinus pennsylvanica Arisaema triphyllum Cicuta maculata Fraxinus profunda Artemisia vulgaris Cinna arundinacea Galium aparine Arthraxon hispidus Circaea lutetiana Galium obtusum Asclepias incarnata Cirsium vulgare Germander spp. Asclepias syriaca Clematis terniflora Geum canadense Asimina triloba Commelina communis Geum laciniatum+ Aster lateriflorus Commelina virginica Geum virginianum Aster simplex Cornus americana Glecoma hderacea Athyrium filix-femina Cornus amomum Gleditsia triacanthos Baccharis halimifolia Cornus florida Gratiola neglecta Berberis thumbergii Cornus foemina Hedera helix Bidens cernua Cornus stolonifera Helenium autumnale Bidens discoidea Crataegus phaenopyrum Helianthus giganteus Bidens frondosa Cryptotaenia canadensis Helianthus tuberosus Bidens laevis Cuscuta gronovii Hemerocallis fulva Boehmeria cylindrica Cynanchum laeve Heteranthera dubia Botrychium dissectum Cyperus erythrorhizos Hibiscus laevis Botrychium virginianum Cyperus strigosus Hibiscus militaris Bromus tectorum Dactylis glomerata Hibiscus moscheutos/palustris Buxus sempervirens Daucus carota Hydrilla verticillata

78 Hypericum spp. Nyssa sylvatica Rhus glabra Ilex opaca Oenothera biennis Rhus radicans Ilex verticillata Onoclea sensibilis Robinia pseudo-acacia Impatiens capensis Osmorhiza longistylis Rorippa palustris Iris pseudacorus Osmunda cinnamomea Rorippa sylvestris Itea virginica Osmunda regalis Rorippa walteri Juglans nigra Oxalis erecta Rosa multiflora Juncus effusus Oxalis corniculata Rosa palustris Juncus tenuis Oxypolis rigidior Rubus argutus Juniperus virginiana Pachysandra procumbens Rubus occidentalis Justicia americana Panicum anceps Rudbeckia laciniata Kyllinga pumila Panicum rigidulum Rumex altissimus Lactuca biennis Panicum virgatum Rumex crispus Lactuca floridana Parthenocissus quinquefolia Sagittaria latifolia Lactuca serriola Paspalum spp. Salix babylonica Laportea Canadensis Passiflora lutea Salix matsudana Leersia oryzoides Peltandra virginica Salix nigra Lemna spp. Perilla frutescens Sambucus canadensis Lepidium campestre Philadelphus coronarius Samolus parviflorus Lespedeza cuneata Phragmites australis Sanicula canadensis Ligustrum obtusifolium Physocarpus opulifolius Sanicula gregaria Lilium superbum Phytolacca americana Saururus cernuus Lindera benzoin Pilea pumila Scirpus cyperinus Lippia lanceolata Plantago lanceolata Scirpus polyphyllus Liquidambar styraciflua Plantago rugelii Scirpus pungens Liriodendron tulipifera Platanus occidentalis Scirpus validus Lobelia cardinalis Podophyllum peltatum Scutellaria lateriflora Lonicera maackii Polygonum arifolium Setaria glauca Lonicera joponica Polygonum cespitosum Setaria viridis Ludwigia peploides Polygonum cuspidatum Sicyos angulatus Ludwigia palustris Polygonum pensylvanicum Sisyrinchium mucronatum Lycopus americanus Polygonum punctatum Smilacina racemosa Lycopus rubellus Polygonum sagittatum Smilax glauca Lycopus virginicus Polygonum virginianum Smilax rotundifolia Lysimachia ciliata Polymnia uvedalia Solanum americanum Lythrum salicaria Pontederia cordata Solanum carolinense Melilotus alba Populus deltoides Solanum dulcamara Menispermum canadense Potamogeton crispus Solidago spp. Mentha piperita Potentilla norvegica Sparganium eurycarpum Mentha spicata Proserpinaca palustris Spirodela polyrhiza Mikania scandens Prunus americana Stellaria graminea Mimulus alatus Prunus serotina Taraxacum erythrospermum Morus alba Pyrus communis Taraxacum officinale Morus rubra Quercus alba Teucrium canadense Murdania keisak Quercus bicolor Thalictrum pubescens Myriophyllum aquaticum Quercus palustris Thelypteris noveboracensis Myriophyllum spicatum Quercus phellos Thelypteris thelypterioides Nuphar lutea Quercus rubra Trifolium repens

79 Tripsacum dactyloides Typha angustifolia Typha latifolia Ulmus americana Ulmus parviflora Ulmus rubra Urtica dioica Vallisneria americana Verbascum blattaria Verbascum thapsus Verbena hastata Verbena urticifolia Verbesina alternifolia Vernonia noveboracensis Viburnum dentatum Viburnum prunifolium Viburnum recognitum Vinca major Viola spp. Vitis aestivalis Vitis labrusca Vitis riparia Wisteria sinensis Xanthium strumarium Zizania aquatica

80 Appendix B The number of hexapod taxa found in 1998 and expected in the Dyke Marsh Preserve. As found in Johnston (2000), data from E. Barrows (Georgetown University). No. of species No. of species Subclass and Order Common name found1 expected2 Subclass Entognatha (Entognathan Hexapods) Collembola Springtails 0 81 Diplura Diplurans 0 1 Protura Proturans 0 1 Subclass Insecta (Insects) Blattaria Cockroaches 0 1 Coleoptera Beetles 59 1,606 Dermaptera Earwigs 1 1 Diptera Flies 60 1,243 Ephemeroptera Mayflies 1 58 Embiidina Webspinners 0 0 Grylloblattaria Rock crawlers 0 0 Hemiptera Stink bugs and kin 8 272 Homoptera Aphids and kin 10 364 Hymenoptera Ants, bees, wasps 102 1,190 Isoptera Termites 1 1 Lepidoptera Butterflies, moths 29 684 Mantodea Mantids 0 4 Mecoptera Scorpionflies 1 5 Microcoryphia Bristletails 0 1 Neuroptera Lacewings and kin 3 33 Odonata Damselflies, dragonflies 6 71 Orthoptera Grasshoppers and kin 3 110 Phasmida Walkingsticks 0 1 Plecoptera Stoneflies 5 45 Psocoptera Bark lice 0 18 Pthiraptera Lice 0 37 Siphonaptera Fleas 0 7 Strepsiptera Twisted-wing parasites 0 5 Thysanoptera Thrips 0 33 Thysanura Silverfish 0 2 Trichoptera Caddisflies 3 17 Zoraptera Zorapterans 0 0 Total 292 6,000 1 These numbers are from a preliminary examination of 8 of the 21 sets of specimens and field examinations of living hexapods in the Preserve. 2 These numbers are based on an extrapolation of a count of 12,520 hexapod species in North Carolina (Wray 1967). It is hypothesized that there are 6,000 hexapod species in the Preserve because of its general location, habitats, and my (E. Barrows) experience with the number of hexapods in the Washington, DC, area. Some of these orders (e.g., Collembola, Diplura) are infrequently captured in Malaise traps.

81 Appendix C Fish species reported from Dyke Marsh Preserve and the adjacent Potomac River as found in Johnston (2000). Jenkins and Burkhead (1994) provided documentation for all species except the “lamprey” and “other” categories. Wayne Starnes (North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences) (pers. comm.) provided documentation for the “other” category, and data on residency and feeding habits. The fish species reported by Parsons et al. (1976) from the Belle Haven estuary are all included except for the banded killifish. (+ indicates rare species in Virginia, 2004)

Species Common name Residency Feeding Habit Lampreys: Petromyzon marinus Sea lamprey anadromous external parasite Sturgeons: Acipenser brevirostrum+ Short-nose sturgeon apparently extirpated Acipenser oxyrhynchus+ Atlantic sturgeon very rare Gars: Lepisosteus osseus Longnose gar migratory predator Bowfins: Amia calva predator Freshwater eels: Anguilla rostrata1 American eel catadromous predator/ omnivore Herrings: Dorosoma cepedianum Gizzard shad permanent, breeding filter-feeding Dorosoma petenense Threadfin shad filter-feeding Alosa aestivalis1 Blueback herring migratory, breeding filter-feeding Alosa pseudoharengus1 Alewife migratory, larvae filter-feeding Alosa mediocris Hickory shad migratory, breeding, rare predator Alosa sapidissima American shad migratory, breeding predator Pikes: Esox niger Chain pickerel predator Minnows: Cyprinus carpio1 Common carp permanent, breeding omnivore Carassius auratus Goldfish omnivore Notemigonus crysoleucas Golden shiner predator on sm. inverts. Clinostomus funduloides Rosyside dace predator on sm. inverts. Rhinichthys cataractae Longnose dace predator on sm. inverts. Rhinichthys atratulus Blacknose dace predator on sm. inverts. Semotilus atromaculatus Creek chub omnivore Cyprinella analostana Satinfin shiner predator on sm. inverts. Cyprinella spiloptera Spotfin shiner predator on sm. inverts. Luxilus cornutus Common shiner predator on sm. inverts. Notropis rubellus Rosyface shiner predator on sm. inverts. Notropis amoenus Comely shiner predator on sm. inverts. Notropis hudsonius Spottail shiner permanent, breeding predator on sm. inverts. Notropis pronce Swallowtail shiner predator on sm. inverts. Notropis bifrenatus+ Bridle shiner predator on sm. inverts. Pimephales notatus Bluntnose minnow predator on sm. inverts. Suckers: Carpiodes cyprinus Quillback predator on sm. inverts.

82

Species Common name Residency Feeding Habit Hypentelium nigricans Northern hogsucker predator on sm. inverts. Moxostoma macrolepidotum Shorthead redhorse pred. sm. inverts./detritus Catostomus commersoni White sucker pred. sm. Inverts./detritus Bullhead catfishes: Ictalurus furcatus Blue catfish rare predator on inverts., fish Ictalurus punctatus1 Channel catfish permanent, breeding predator on inverts., fish Ameiurus catus1 White catfish permanent, breeding omnivore Ameiurus natalis Yellow bullhead omnivore Ameiurus nebulosus1 Brown bullhead permanent, breeding omnivore Noturus gyrinus Tadpole madtom omnivore Killifishes: Fundulus diaphanus1 Banded killifish permanent, breeding predator on sm. inverts. Livebearers: Gambusia holbrookii1 Eastern mosquitofish permanent, breeding predator on sm. inverts. Striped bass: Morone americana1 White perch migratory, breeding pred. on sm. inverts.,fish Morone saxatilis1 Striped bass migratory, breeding predator on inverts., fish Sunfishes: Pomoxis nigromaculatus Black crappie predator on inverts., fish Pomoxis annularis White crappie predator on inverts., fish Enneacanthus gloriosus Bluespotted sunfish predator on inverts., fish Micropterus dolomieu Smallmouth bass predator on inverts., fish Micropterus salmoides Largemouth bass permanent, breeding predator on inverts., fish Lepomis gulosus Warmouth permanent, breeding predator on inverts., fish Lepomis cyanellus Green sunfish permanent, breeding predator on sm. inverts. Lepomis auritus Redbreast sunfish permanent, breeding predator on sm. inverts. Lepomis macrochirus Bluegill permanent, breeding predator on insects Lepomis gibbosus1 Pumpkinseed permanent, breeding predator on sm. inverts. Perches: Perca flavescens1 Yellow perch migratory/ perm. breeding predator on inverts., fish Percina caprodes Logperch rare predator on inverts. Percina maculata+ Blackside darter rare predator on insects Etheostoma olmstedi Tesselated darter permanent, breeding predator on sm. inverts. Other: Brevoortia tyrannus1 Atlantic menhaden migratory, breeding filter-feeding/ omnivore Menidia beryllina Tidewater silverside permanent, breeding predator on sm. inverts. Fundulus heteroclitus Mummichog permanent, breeding predator on sm. inverts. Hyboganthus regius1 Eastern silvery minnow permanent, breeding detritus 1 Listed as sport/commercial fish found near Dyke Marsh Preserve (National Park Service 1976)

83 Appendix D List of amphibians and reptiles reported from Dyke Marsh Preserve by Walter Bulmer (Northern Virginia Community College) from 1996 to 1999 (personal communication, Walter Bulmer, 2004).

AMPHIBIANS Salamanders Eurycea bislineata Two-lined salamander common woodland1 Plethodon cinereus Red-backed salamander common woodland Notophthalmus viridescens Eastern newt uncommon forest ponds Frogs and toads Bufo americanus American toad common marsh, woodland Bufo woodhousei Fowler's toad uncommon woodland Acris crepitans Northern cricket frog uncommon marsh, woodland Hyla cinera Green treefrog uncommon marsh Hyla versicolor Eastern gray treefrog common woodland Pseudacris crucifer Spring peeper uncommon woodland Rana clamitans Green frog common marsh, woodland Rana catesbeiana Bullfrog common marsh Rana palustris Pickerel frog common marsh, woodland Rana sphenocephala Southern leopard frog uncommon marsh

REPTILES Turtles Chelydra serpentina Snapping turtle common marsh Chrysemys picta Painted turtle common marsh Pseudemys concinna River cooter uncommon marsh Pseudemys rubiventris Red-bellied turtle common marsh Terrapene carolina Box turtle common woodland Trachemys scripta Red-eared turtle common marsh Kinosternon subrubrum Mud turtle common marsh Stenotherus odoratus Musk turtle common marsh Lizards Scincella lateralis Ground skink common woodland Eumeces facsiatus Five-lined skink common woodland Snakes Carphophis amoenus Worm snake uncommon woodland Coluber constrictor Black racer common marsh, woodland Diadophis punctatus Ring-neck snake common woodland Elaphe obsoleta Black rat snake common woodland Nerioda sipedon Northern water snake common marsh, woodland Opheodrys aestivus Rough green snake uncommon marsh, woodland Regina septemvittata Queen snake uncommon marsh, woodland Storeria dekayi Northern brown snake uncommon marsh, woodland Thamnophis sauritus Eastern ribbon snake uncommon marsh, woodland Thamnophis sirtalis Eastern garter snake common marsh, woodland 1 Woodland refers to a combination of swamp and floodplain forests.

84 Appendix E List of the birds of Dyke Marsh Preserve and Hunting Creek and Bay, as found in Johnston (2000), adapted from a field check-list, “Birds of Dyke Marsh”, National Park Service (1993), and updated in 2000 by Kurt Gaskill (Friends of Dyke Marsh). (+ indicates rare species in Virginia) Species Common name Occurrence Gavia stellata Red-throated loon winter Gavia immer Common loon migratory1, winter Podilymbus podiceps+ Pied-billed grebe migratory Podiceps auritus Horned grebe migratory Phalacrocorax auritus Double-crested cormorant migratory, summer Phalacrocorax carbo Great cormorant migratory Botaurus lentiginosus+ American bittern migratory Ixobrychus exilis Least bittern migratory, summer Ardea herodias Great blue heron resident Casmerodius albus+ Great egret resident Egretta thula+ Snowy egret migratoy, summer Egretta caerulea+ Little blue heron migratory, summer Egretta tricolor+ Tricolored heron migratory Bubulcus ibis Cattle egret migratory Butorides virescens Green heron migratory, summer Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned night heron migratory, summer Nyctanassa violaceus*+ Yellow-crowned night heron migratory, summer Eudocimus albus*+ White ibis migratory Coragyps atratus Black vulture migratory, summer Cathartes aura Turkey vulture resident Chen caerulescens Snow goose migratory, winter Branta canadensis Canada goose resident Cygnus olor Mute swan migratory, summer Cygnus columbianus Tundra swan migratory, winter Aix sponsa Wood duck resident Anas crecca Green-winged teal migratory Anas rubripes American black duck migratory, winter Anas platyrhynchos Mallard resident Anas acuta Northern pintail migratory Anas discors+ Blue-winged teal migratory Anas clypeata Northern shoveler migratory Anas strepera Gadwall migratory, winter Anas penelope Eurasian wigeon winter Anas americana American wigeon migratory Aythya valisineria Canvasback migratory, winter Aythya americana Redhead migratory Aythya collaris Ring-necked duck migratory Aythya marila Greater scaup migratory Aythya affinis Lesser scaup migratory, winter Clangula hyemalis Oldsquaw migratory Bucephala clangula Common goldeneye migratoy, summer

85 Species Common name Occurrence Lophodytes cucullatus Hooded merganser migratory, winter Mergus merganser+ Common merganser migratory, winter Mergus serrator Red-breasted merganser migratory Oxyura jamaicensis Ruddy duck migratory, winter Pandion haliaetus Osprey migratory, summer Haliaeetus leucocephalus+ Bald eagle resident Circus cyaneus+ Northern harrier migratory Accipiter striatus Sharp-shinned hawk migratory, winter Accipiter cooperii Cooper's hawk migratory, winter Buteo lineatus Red-shouldered hawk resident Buteo platypterus Broad-winged hawk migratory Buteo jamaicensis Red-tailed hawk resident Falco sparverius American kestrel resident Falco columbarius Merlin migratory Falco peregrinus+ Peregrine falcon migratory Colinus virginianus Northern bobwhite summer Rallus elegans+ King rail migratory, summer Rallus limicola+ Virginia rail migratory, summer Porzana carolina+ Sora migratory Gallinula chloropus+ Common moorhen migratory Fulica americana+ American coot migratory, winter Grus canadensis Sandhill crane migratory Pluvialis squatarola Black-bellied plover migratory Pluvialis dominica American golden-plover migratory Charadruis semipalmatus Semipalmated plover migratory Charadruis vociferus Killdeer resident Recurvirostra americana American avocet migratory Tringa melanoleuca Greater yellowlegs migratory Tringa flavipes Lesser yellowlegs migratory Tringa solitaria Solitary sandpiper migratory Cataptrophorus semipalmatus Willet migratory Actitis macularia+ Spotted sandpiper migratory Limosa haemastica Hudsonian godwit migratory Limosa fedoa Marbled godwit migratory Arenaria interpres Ruddy turnstone migratory Calidris canutus Red knot migratory Calidris alba Sanderling migratory Calidris pusilla Semipalmated sandpiper migratory Calidris mauri Western sandpiper migratory Calidris minutilla Least sandpiper migratory Calidris fuscicollis White-rumped sandpiper migratory Calidris bairdii Baird's sandpiper migratory Calidris melanotos Pectoral sandpiper migratory Calidris alpina Dunlin migratory Calidris himantopus Stilt sandpiper migratory Philomachus pugnax Ruff migratory Limnodromus griseus Short-billed dowitcher migratory

86 Species Common name Occurrence Limnodromus scolopaceus Long-billed dowitcher migratory Gallinago gallinago Common snipe migratory, winter Phalaropus tricolor Wilson's phalarope migratory Phalaropus lobatus Red-necked phalarope migratory Stercorarius parasiticus Parasitic jaeger migratory Larus atricilla Laughing gull summer, winter Larus pipixcan Franklin's gull migratory Larus minutus Little gull migratory Larus philadelphia Bonaparte's gull migratory Larus delawarensis Ring-billed gull summer, winter Larus argentatus Herring gull summer, winter Larus fuscus Lesser black-backed gull migratory Larus marinus Great black-backed gull summer, winter Sterna caspia+ Caspian tern migratory, summer Sterna maxima+ Royal tern migratory, summer Sterna hirundo Common tern migratory Sterna forsteri Forster's tern migratory, summer Sterna antillarum+ Least tern summer Chlidonias niger Black tern migratory Rynchops niger+ Black skimmer migratory Columba livia Rock dove resident Zenaida macroura Mourning dove resident Coccyzus erythropthalmus Black-billed cuckoo migratory, summer Coccyzus americanus Yellow-billed cuckoo migratory, summer Otus asio* Eastern screech owl resident Bubo virginianus Great horned owl resident Strix varia Barred owl resident Chordeiles minor Common nighthawk migratory Caprimulgus vociferus* Whip-poor-will migratory Chaetura pelagica Chimney swift migratory, summer Archilochus colubris Ruby-throated hummingbird migratory, summer Ceryle alcyon Belted kingfisher resident Melanerpes erythrocephalus Red-headed woodpecker migratory Melanerpes carolinus Red-bellied woodpecker resident Sphyrapicus varius+ Yellow-bellied sapsucker winter Picoides pubescens Downy woodpecker resident Picoides villosus Hairy woodpecker resident Colaptes auratus Northern flicker resident Dryocopus pileatus Pileated woodpecker resident Contopus virents Eastern wood-pewee migratory, summer Empidonax flavescens+ Yellow-bellied flycatcher migratory Empidonax virescens Acadian flycatcher migratory, summer Empidonax trailii Willow flycatcher migratory, summer Empidonax minimus Least flycatcher migratory Sayornis phoebe Eastern phoebe migratory, summer Myiarchus crinitus Great crested flycatcher migratory, summer Tyrannus tyrannus Eastern kingbird migratory, summer

87 Species Common name Occurrence Vireo griseus White-eyed vireo migratory, summer Vireo solitarius Blue-headed vireo migratory Vireo flavifrons Yellow-throated vireo migratory, summer Vireo gilvus Warbling vireo migratory, summer Vireo philadelphicus Philadelphia virea migratory Vireo olivaceus Red-eyed vireo migratory, summer Cyanocitta cristata Blue jay resident Corvus brachyrhynchos American crow resident Corvus ossifragus Fish crow resident Eremophila alpestris* Horned lark migratory Progne subis Purple martin migratory, summer Tachycineta bicolor Tree swallow migratory, summer Stelgidopteryx serripennis Northern rough-winged swallow migratory, summer Riparia riparia Bank swallow migratory Hirundo pyrrhonota Cliff swallow migratory Hirundo rustica Barn swallow migratory, summer Poecile atricapillus*+ Black-capped chickadee winter Peocile carolinensis Carolina chickadee resident Baeolophus bicolor Turfted titmouse resident Sitta canadensis*+ Red-breasted nuthatch migratory Sitta carolinensis White-breasted nuthatch summer, resident Certhia americana Brown creeper winter Thryothorus ludovicianus Carolina wren resident Troglodytes aedon House wren migratory, summer, winter Troglodytes troglodytes+ Winter wren winter Cistothorus palustris Marsh wren migratory Regulus satrapa+ Golden-crowned kinglet migratory, winter Regulus calendula Ruby-crowned kinglet migratory, winter Polioptila caerulea Blue-gray gnatchatcher migratory, summer Sialia sialis Eastern bluebird migratory, summer Catharus fuscescens Veery migratory Catharus minimus* Gray-cheeked thrush migratory Catharus ustulatus+ Swainson's thrush migratory Catharus guttatus+ Hermit thrush migratory, winter Hylocichla mustelina Wood thrush migratory, summer Turdus migratorius American robin migratory, summer Dumetella carolinensis Gray catbird migratory, summer Mimus polyglottos Northern mockingbird resident Toxostoma rufum Brown thrasher summer, resident Sturnus vulgaris European starling resident Anthus rubescens American pipit winter Bombycilla cedrorum Cedar waxwing migratory, summer Vermivora pinus Blue-winged warbler migratory Vermivora chrysoptera* Golden-winged warbler migratory Vermivora peregrina Tennessee warbler migratory Vermivora celata* Orange-crowned warbler migratory, winter Vermivora ruficapilla Nashville warbler migratory

88 Species Common name Occurrence Parula americana Northern parula migratory, summer Dendroica petechia Yellow warbler migratory, summer Dendroica pensylvanica Chestnut-sided warbler migratory Dendroica magnolia+ Magnolia warbler migratory Dendroica tigrina Cape may warbler migratory Dendroica caerulescens Black-throated blue warbler migratory Dendroica coronata Yellow-rumped warbler migratory, winter Dendroica virens Black-throated green warbler migratory Dendroica fusca+ Blackburnian warbler migratory Dendroica dominica Yellow-throated warbler migratory Dendroica pinus Pine warbler migratory Dendroica discolor Prairie warbler migratory Dendroica palmarum Palm warbler migratory Dendroica castanea Bay-breasted warbler migratory Dendroica striata Blackpoll warbler migratory Mniotilta varia Black-and-white warbler migratory, summer Setophaga ruticilla American redstart migratory, summer Protonotaria citrea Prothonotary warbler migratory, summer Helmitheros vermivorus Worm-eating warbler migratory Seiurus aurocapillus Ovenbird migratory Seiurus noveboracensis+ Northern waterthrush migratory Seiurus motacilla Louisiana waterthrush migratory, summer Oporornis formosus Kentucky warbler migratory, summer Oporornis philadelphia*+ Mourning warbler migratory Geothlypis trichas Common yellowthroat migratory, summer Wilsonia citrina Hooded warbler migratory Wilsonia pusilla Wilson's warbler migratory Wilsonia canadensis Canada warbler migratory Icteria virens Yellow-breasted chat migratory Piranga rubra Summer tanager migratory Piranga olivacea Scarlet tanager migratory, summer Pipilo erythrophthalmus Eastern towhee migratory, summer Spizella arborea American tree sparrow inter Spizella passerina Chipping sparrow migratory, summer Spizella pusilla Field sparrow migratory, summer Passerculus sandwichensis Savannah sparrow migratory, winter Passerella iliaca Fox sparrow migratory Melospiza melodia Song sparrow migratory Melospiza lincolnii Lincoln's sparrow migratory Melospiza Georgiana+ Swamp sparrow migratory, summer Zonotrichia albicollis White-throated sparrow migratory, winter Zonotrichia leucophrys White-crowned sparrow migratory, winter Junco hyemalis Dark-eyed junco winter Plectrophenax nivalis Snow bunting winter Cardinalis cardinalis Northern cardinal resident Pheucticus ludovicianus Rose-breasted grosbeak migratory Guiraca caerulea Blue grosbeak migratory

89 Species Common name Occurrence Passerina cyanea Indigo bunting migratory, summer Dolichonyx oryzivorus Bobolink migratory Agelaius phoeniceus Red-winged blackbird resident Sturnella magna Eastern meadowlark migratory Euphagus carolinus Rusty blackbird migratory, winter Quiscalus quiscula Common grackle migratory, summer Molothrus ater Brown-headed cowabird migratory, summer Icterus spurius Orchard oriole migratory, summer Icterus galbula Baltimore oriole migratory, summer Carpodacus purpureaus+ Purple finch winter Carpodacus mexicanus House finch winter Carduelis pinus Pine siskin migratory, winter Carduelis tristis American goldfinch resident Coccothraustes vespertinus Evening grosbeak migratory Passer domesticus House sparrow resident 1 Migratory means species is present during spring and/or fall migration. * Species marked with an asterisk (*) have not been seen since 1985. + Species marked with a plus sign (+) indicates it is a rare species in Virginia.

90 Appendix F List of amphibians and reptiles reported from Dyke Marsh Preserve by Walter Bulmer (Northern Virginia Community College) from 1996 to 1999 (personal communication, Walter Bulmer, 2004).

Species Common name Frequency in DMP Habitat 1 Didelphis virginiana Virginia opossum Common Marsh, woodland Blarina brevicauda Northern short-tailed shrew Common Woodland, marsh 2 Sorex longirostris Southeastern shrew Expected Woodland Cryptotis parva Least shrew Expected Woodland Scalopus aquaticus Eastern mole Common Woodland Condylura cristata Star-nosed mole Uncommon Marsh, woodland Myotis lucifugus Little brown bat Expected Woodland Lasiurus borealis Northern red bat Expected Woodland Lasiurus cinereus Hoary bat Expected Woodland Lasionycteris noctivagans Silver-haired bat Expected Woodland Pipistrellus subflavus Eastern pipistrelle Expected Woodland Eptesicus fuscus Big brown bat Expected Woodland Sylvilagus floridanus Eastern cottontail Common Marsh, woodland Tamias striatus Eastern chipmunk Common Woodland Marmota monax Woodchuck Common Woodland Sciurus carolinensis Eastern gray squirrel Common Woodland Glaucomys volans Southern flying squirrel Common Woodland Castor canadensis American beaver Common Marsh, woodland Oryzomys palustris Marsh rice rat Common Marsh Peromyscus leucopus White-footed mouse Common Marsh, woodland Mus musculus House mouse Uncommon Marsh Zapus hudsonius Meadow jumping mouse Expected Marsh Rattus norvegicus Norway rat Expected Marsh Microtus pennsylvanicus Meadow vole Uncommon Marsh Ondatra zibethicus Common muskrat Common Marsh Vulpes vulpes Red fox Common Marsh, woodland Urocyon cinereoargenteus Common gray fox Common Marsh, woodland Procyon lotor Common raccoon Common Marsh, woodland Mustela frenata Long-tailed weasel Expected Marsh, woodland Mustela vison Mink Expected Marsh, woodland Mephitis mephitis Striped skunk Uncommon Marsh, woodland Lutra canadensis Northern river otter Expected Marsh, woodland Odocoileus viginianus White-tailed deer Common Marsh, woodland Felis catus Domestic cat Common Marsh, woodland 1 Woodland refers to a combination of swamp and floodplain forests. 2 Expected represents species that were not observed, but were expected to be observed.

91 Appendix G Results from the 2003 Dyke Marsh Breeding Bird Survey (Cartwright 2004).

CONFIRMED BREEDERS1 Ixobrychus exilis Least bittern Branta canadensis Canada goose Aix sponsa Wood duck Anas platyrhynchos Mallard Pandion haliaetus Osprey Zenaida macroura Mourning dove Archilochus colubris Ruby-throated hummingbird Melanerpes carolinus Red-bellied woodpecker Picoides pubescens Downy woodpecker Picoides villosus Hairy woodpecker Colaptes auratus Northern flicker Dryocopus pileatus Pileated woodpecker Contopus virents Eastern wood-pewee Empidonax virescens Acadian flycatcher Tyrannus tyrannus Eastern kingbird Vireo gilvus Warbling vireo Vireo olivaceus Red-eyed vireo Cyanocitta cristata Blue jay Corvus brachyrhynchos American crow Corvus ossifragus Fish crow Progne subis Purple martin Tachycineta bicolor Tree swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis Northern rough-winged swallow Hirundo rustica Barn swallow Peocile carolinensis Carolina chickadee Baeolophus bicolor Turfted titmouse Thryothorus ludovicianus Carolina wren Cistothorus palustris Marsh wren Polioptila caerulea Blue-gray gnatchatcher Turdus migratorius American robin Dumetella carolinensis Gray catbird Mimus polyglottos Northern mockingbird Toxostoma rufum Brown thrasher Sturnus vulgaris European starling Bombycilla cedrorum Cedar waxwing Dendroica petechia Yellow warbler Protonotaria citrea Prothonotary warbler Geothlypis trichas Common yellowthroat Icterus spurius Orchard oriole Icterus galbula Baltimore oriole Carpodacus mexicanus House finch Carduelis tristis American goldfinch Passer domesticus House sparrow

92 PROBABLE BREEDERS2 Coccyzus americanus Yellow-billed cuckoo Myiarchus crinitus Great crested flycatcher Vireo griseus White-eyed vireo Parula americana Northern parula Melospiza melodia Song sparrow Passerina cyanea Indigo bunting POSSIBLE BREEDERS3 Podilymbus podiceps Pied-billed grebe Anas rubripes American black duck Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald eagle Accipiter cooperii Cooper's hawk Buteo jamaicensis Red-tailed hawk Fulica americana American coot Charadruis vociferus Killdeer Actitis macularia Spotted sandpiper Chaetura pelagica Chimney swift Empidonax trailii Willow flycatcher Sitta carolinensis White-breasted nuthatch Troglodytes aedon House wren Mniotilta varia Black-and-white warbler Setophaga ruticilla American redstart Piranga rubra Summer tanager Piranga olivacea Scarlet tanager Pipilo erythrophthalmus Eastern towhee Molothrus ater Brown-headed cowabird PRESENT4 Phalacrocorax auritus Double-crested cormorant Ardea herodias Great blue heron Casmerodius albus Great egret Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned night heron Coragyps atratus Black vulture Cathartes aura Turkey vulture Mergus serrator Red-breasted merganser Charadruis semipalmatus Semipalmated plover Tringa flavipes Lesser yellowlegs Calidris minutilla Least sandpiper Larus atricilla Laughing gull Larus delawarensis Ring-billed gull Larus argentatus Herring gull Larus marinus Great black-backed gull Sterna caspia Caspian tern Sterna hirundo Common tern Sterna forsteri Forster's tern Sterna antillarum Least tern Columba livia Rock dove Ceryle alcyon Belted kingfisher

93 Catharus ustulatus Swainson's thrush Dendroica magnolia Magnolia warbler Dendroica striata Blackpoll warbler Seiurus noveboracensis Northern waterthrush Dolichonyx oryzivorus Bobolink 1 Any species for which there is at minimum evidence of a nest. 2 Any species engaged in pre-nesting activity, but for which there is no evidence of a nest. 3 Any species, male or female, observed in suitable habitat, but giving no hard evidence of breeding. 4 Any species observed in unsuitable breeding habitat or out of its breeding range.

94 Participant List

Angie Ashley Audrey Calhoun National Aquarium NPS GWMP Pier 3, 501 East Pratt Street Turkey Run Park Baltimore, MD 21202 McLean, VA 22101 [email protected] [email protected] 410-576-1508 703-289-2541

Andy Baldwin Doug Curtis University of Maryland NPS NCR 1423 Animal Science/Ag. Engineering Center for Urban Ecology Bldg. 142 4598 MacArthur Blvd, NW College Park, MD 20742 Washington, DC 20007 [email protected] [email protected] 301-405-7855 202-342-1443

Edward Barrows Anne Dayton Georgetown University NPS GWMP Reiss Building Suite 406 Turkey Run Park Box 571229 McLean, VA 22101 Washington, DC 20057-1229 [email protected] [email protected] 703-289-2528 202-687-5841 Ed Eder Robert Blama Friends of Dyke Marsh U.S. Army Corps of Engineers P.O. Box 7183 Baltimore District Alexandria, VA 22307-7183 Baltimore, MD 21203 [email protected] [email protected] 703-360-7994 410-962-6068 Katia Engelhardt Stacy Sloan Blersch UMCES APL U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 301 Braddock Road Baltimore District Frostburg, MD 21532 Baltimore, MD 21203 [email protected] [email protected] 301-689-7140 410-962-5196 Griff Evans Keith Bowers ER&M, Inc. Biohabitats, Inc. 15 W. Aylesbury Road 15 W. Aylesbury Road Timonium, Maryland 21093 Timonium, Maryland 21093 [email protected] [email protected] 410-337-4899 410-337-3659 Steve Garborino Jeb Byrne U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Friends of Dyke Marsh Baltimore District P.O. Box 7183 Baltimore, MD 21203 Alexandria, VA 22307-7183 [email protected] [email protected] 703-768-8224

95 Richard Hammerschlag Sarah Koenen USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center NPS GWMP 11510 American Holly Drive Turkey Run Park Laurel, MD 20708-4017 McLean, VA 22101 [email protected] [email protected] 301-497-5555 703-289-2500

Carl Hershner Bill Lellis Virginia Institute of Marine Science USGS College of William and Mary Rd. #4, Box 63 P.O. Box 1346 Wellsboro, PA 16901-9217 Gloucester Point, VA 23062 [email protected] 804-684-7387 570-724-3322

Pete Hill Chris Ludwig D.C. DoH Virginia Natural Heritage Program 51 N Street, NE 217 Governor St., Third floor Washington, D.C. 20002 Richmond, VA 23219 [email protected] [email protected] 202-535-2691 804-786-9014

Kristy Hopfensperger Beth McGee UMCES APL USFWS Chesapeake Bay Field Office 301 Braddock Road 177 Admiral Cochrane Dr. Frostburg, MD 21532 Annapolis, MD 21401 [email protected] [email protected] 301-689-7160 410-573-4524

Jon James Mike Mangold NPS GWMP USFWS Chesapeake Bay Field Office Turkey Run Park 177 Admiral Cochrane Dr. McLean, VA 22101 Annapolis, MD 21401 [email protected] [email protected] 703-289-2500 410-573-4509

Melissa Kangas Mark Melancon NPS GWMP USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Turkey Run Park 12011 Beech Forest Road McLean, VA 22101 Laurel, MD 20708-4041 [email protected] [email protected] 703-289-2542 301-497-5710

Hamid Karimi Jean Olson D.C. DoH NPS GWMP 51 N Street, NE Turkey Run Park Washington, D.C. 20002 McLean, VA 22101 [email protected] [email protected] 202-535-2244 703-289-2500

Don Kelso Claire O’Neill George Mason University U.S. Army Corps of Engineers David King Hall Baltimore District 4400 University Dr., 3046 MSN 3E1 Baltimore, MD 21203 Fairfax, VA 22030 claire.d.o’[email protected] [email protected] 410-962-0876 703-993-1061

96 John Portnoy Dan Sealy NPS CCNS NPS NCR 99 Marconi Station Center for Urban Ecology Site Road 4598 MacArthur Blvd, NW Wellfleet, MA 02667 Washington, DC 20007 [email protected] [email protected] 508-487-3262 x107 202-342-1443

Steve Pugh Jim Sherald U.S. Army Corps of Engineers NPS NCR Baltimore District Center for Urban Ecology Baltimore, MD 21203 4598 MacArthur Blvd, NW [email protected] Washington, DC 20007 410-962-3639 [email protected] 202-342-1443 Charles Roman NPS CESU Brent Steury URI Bay Campus Box 8 NPS GWMP South Ferry Road Turkey Run Park Narragansett, RI 02882-1197 McLean, VA 22101 [email protected] [email protected] 401-874-6886 703-289-2541

Jeff Runde Stephen Syphax NPS NCR NPS NCPE Center for Urban Ecology 1900 Anacostia Drive, SE 4598 MacArthur Blvd, NW Washington, DC 20020-6722 Washington, DC 20007 [email protected] [email protected] 202-690-5160 202-342-1443 x224 Kay Thomas Nancy Rybicki 13854 Delaney Rd USGS Woodbridge, VA 22193-4654 430 National Center 703-590-2701 Reston, VA 20192 [email protected] Joel Wagner 703-648-5728 NPS Water Resources Division P. O. Box 25287 Vince Santucci Denver, Colorado 80225 NPS GWMP [email protected] Turkey Run Park 303-969-2955 McLean, VA 22101 [email protected] 703-289-2531

Steve Seagle Appalachian State University Rankin Science Building Boone, NC 28608 [email protected] 828-262-3025

97