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Ezra Stiles1 THE REVEREND EZRA STILES1 “NARRATIVE HISTORY” AMOUNTS TO FABULATION, THE REAL STUFF BEING MERE CHRONOLOGY 1. The Reverend Ezra Stiles in a circa-1812 copy of a 1794 painting by Reuben Moulthrop, in the Redwood Library Painting Collection in Newport, Rhode Island. HDT WHAT? INDEX PRESIDENT EZRA STILES THE REVEREND EZRA STILES 1677 The Reverend Cotton Mather, the Reverend Ezra Stiles, and George Berkeley have all tried to decipher the messages chiseled into the 55-square-foot westward-facing flat surface of a 40-ton piece of feldspathic sandstone, a glacial erratic noticed at this timeperiod upside down at the tidewater line on the left bank of the Taunton River at Berkley, Massachusetts, that would become known as the Dighton Rock. Although the sandstone chunk was above water only four hours per day, Stiles of Yale College would convince himself that HDT WHAT? INDEX THE REVEREND EZRA STILES PRESIDENT EZRA STILES the inscription on the seventy-degree sloping flat surface was made up of ancient Phoenician petroglyphs. “Dighton Rock is like the rocks you see along the highways, filled with graffiti,” says Jim Whitall. “It’s where everyone wanted to leave a message, and it’s the first stone in America that anyone paid any attention to. It was a bulletin-board for ancients, Native Americans, and colonials alike.” The rock with the mysterious hieroglyphs was moved to dry land a few years ago by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and a building was built around it to preserve the inscriptions. Winter ice and constant submergence at high tide under the Taunton River began obliterating some of the older markings. Also, in case one of the great scholars who deciphered the stone over the past 300 plus years is right, it’s best to preserve what may be a most important piece of history. Even if the hodgepodge of scratches and scribblings can’t ever be deciphered, Dighton Rock is a unique rock of ages. Sam Morison said, “if the history of the Dighton Rock is nothing else, it is a remarkable demonstration of human credulity.” Right on, Sam! -Campbell Grant, ROCK ART OF THE AMERICAN INDIAN, 1967 HDT WHAT? INDEX PRESIDENT EZRA STILES THE REVEREND EZRA STILES 1727 November 29, Wednesday (Old Style): Ezra Stiles was born in North Haven, Connecticut, the son of a Congregational minister there. NOBODY COULD GUESS WHAT WOULD HAPPEN NEXT President Ezra Stiles “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX THE REVEREND EZRA STILES PRESIDENT EZRA STILES 1746 Ezra Stiles graduated from Yale College. (While at Yale, Stiles had become involved in electrical experiments after a parlor apparatus was sent there, by Benjamin Franklin.) HDT WHAT? INDEX PRESIDENT EZRA STILES THE REVEREND EZRA STILES His bachelor’s sheepskin is still on deposit at Yale Library: HDT WHAT? INDEX THE REVEREND EZRA STILES PRESIDENT EZRA STILES 1749 Ezra Stiles was licensed to preach and became a tutor at Yale College. Gideon Hawley graduated from Yale. When the Reverend Elihu Spencer, a 1746 graduate of Yale, attempted to establish a mission to the Six Nations at the town of Oquaga on the Susquehanna River near what is now Windsor, New York, his missionary attempt failed. NO-ONE’S LIFE IS EVER NOT DRIVEN PRIMARILY BY HAPPENSTANCE LIFE IS LIVED FORWARD BUT UNDERSTOOD BACKWARD? — NO, THAT’S GIVING TOO MUCH TO THE HISTORIAN’S STORIES. “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project President Ezra Stiles HDT WHAT? INDEX PRESIDENT EZRA STILES THE REVEREND EZRA STILES LIFE ISN’T TO BE UNDERSTOOD EITHER FORWARD OR BACKWARD. “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project President Ezra Stiles HDT WHAT? INDEX THE REVEREND EZRA STILES PRESIDENT EZRA STILES 1753 The Reverend Ezra Stiles was admitted to the bar in the state of Connecticut. THE FUTURE IS MOST READILY PREDICTED IN RETROSPECT “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project President Ezra Stiles HDT WHAT? INDEX PRESIDENT EZRA STILES THE REVEREND EZRA STILES 1755 October 22, Wednesday: Ezra Stiles was called to Newport, Rhode Island and on this day ordained as the pastor of the Second Congregational Church. THE FUTURE CAN BE EASILY PREDICTED IN RETROSPECT “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project President Ezra Stiles HDT WHAT? INDEX THE REVEREND EZRA STILES PRESIDENT EZRA STILES 1756 The Reverend Ezra Stiles became librarian of the Redwood Library of Newport, Rhode Island. DO I HAVE YOUR ATTENTION? GOOD. President Ezra Stiles “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX PRESIDENT EZRA STILES THE REVEREND EZRA STILES 1758 In about this year the Reverend Ezra Stiles prepared a map of Newport, Rhode Island which is now at the Redwood Library. This map indicates that there were substantial buildings on Farewell Street, Marlborough Street, and Tanner Street surrounding the Friends’ meetinghouse. A sampling of the accounts of the Proprietors of Easton’s Point indicates that the Quakers were benefitting from making the grounds available for use. GREAT MEETINGHOUSE CHANGE IS ETERNITY, STASIS A FIGMENT President Ezra Stiles “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX THE REVEREND EZRA STILES PRESIDENT EZRA STILES 1763 July: The Reverend James Manning arrived in Newport, Rhode Island with a plan for a “liberal and catholic” A Man with a Plan institution of higher education: the College of Rhode Island. Rhode Island’s leading citizens had previously heard a similar plan presented by the Congregationalist Reverend Ezra Stiles. He, assisted by the attorney William Ellery, Jr., drew up a charter based on the Reverend Manning’s draft and this was presented to the General Assembly. This charter’s “catholic” plan was to divide the Corporation’s power about equally among Baptists (who would make up a majority of the Trustees) and Presbyterians, while allowing a few seats to Quakers and Anglicans (no actual Roman Catholics or Jews or, Heaven forbid, Moslems or Buddhists or Hindus need apply). (Long afterward, this would be regarded as the genesis of Brown University.) Interestingly, although no provision whatever was being made for any Jewish involvement in higher education, it was at the Jacob Rivera mansion on the Parade in Newport, then being used as the residence of Deputy Governor John Gardiner, that the meeting was held in which the plan was announced to interested citizens. HDT WHAT? INDEX PRESIDENT EZRA STILES THE REVEREND EZRA STILES December 2, Friday, Chanukah: Dedication of the 1st synagogue in New England, the Touro Synagogue of congregation K.K. Yeshuat Israel, the Holy Congregation of the Salvation of Israel, in Newport, Rhode Island (this congregation had actually been in existence on Aquidneck Island since 1658).2 The Reverend Ezra Stiles noticed that the only furniture in the place was the wainscoting, but that this was adequate seating since there were only about eighty in the congregation. Presumably by “wainscoting” the Congregational reverend was referring to the wooden bench structures built into the walls. (Some of the Jews of this synagogue, like some of their Christian neighbors such as the Quakers, next door up the hill, engaged in the international slave trade. In general, in Rhode Island harbors as a whole during this year, it has been estimated by Alexander Boyd Hawes, some 17-20 vessels were being fitted out for the coast of Africa. For instance, Captain Ferguson arrived on that coast some time before September. If an average cargo of slaves was 109 –as we have estimated on the basis of a number of known cargos– then a total of more than 1,850 souls were transported during this year in Rhode Island bottoms alone. Examples from this year include the Rhode Island snow Adventure carrying a cargo of 150 slaves, the brig Diamond carrying a cargo 2. It would not, until a much later timeframe, be referred to as the Touro Synagogue. After their synagogue building, in what had become the bad part of town, had been deconsecrated, the dilapidated empty structure, under a caretaker who was a Quaker, would perhaps find use occasionally, surreptitiously, as free temporary accommodations for escaping slaves as a station on the Underground Railroad (the word “perhaps” is used because no evidence whatever has ever been produced and, most likely, this has been pious wishful thinking). The edifice would be designated a national historical site in 1946. —When you visit, and are proudly shown the must-see secret hiding hole underneath the lectern, try to be discrete and polite and do not complicate matters (Boo!) by inquiring about participation in the international slave trade. HDT WHAT? INDEX THE REVEREND EZRA STILES PRESIDENT EZRA STILES of 120, the schooner Kitty carrying 70, the schooner Little Sally carrying 60, the sloop Salisbury carrying 90, the sloop Three Friends carrying 78, the sloop Wydah carrying 60, a schooner of unknown name carrying 120, a schooner of unknown name carrying 72, a schooner of unknown name carrying 90, and a schooner of unknown name carrying 90.) Isaac Touro (“de Toro”) was officiating as Cantor. He would be the first rabbi. It had been he, presumably, who had provided, from memory, the design of the Portuguese Sephardic Synagogue of Amsterdam. The structure had been faced so that the congregation as it turned toward the Aron Kodesh would be turning toward Mizrah. The main floor was for men and the gallery for women. JUDAISM HDT WHAT? INDEX PRESIDENT EZRA STILES THE REVEREND EZRA STILES 1771 November 17, Sunday: The Reverend Ezra Stiles estimated in his journal that “The town of Providence is 500 dwelling-houses and about 4000 inhabitants, or half as big as Newport.” RHODE ISLAND The Reverend Stiles, by Samuel King: HDT WHAT? INDEX THE REVEREND EZRA STILES PRESIDENT EZRA STILES 1772 King George III appointed Benjamin West as historical painter to the monarch, with an annual allowance of 1,000 pounds.
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