Illlti. O L L.T D I a Ccli T 11(1A

Home , Bear Spring Mountain, Bowman Lake State Park, Crumhorn Mountain, Dingle Hill, Hawk Hill (New York), Hooker Mountain

COCUMENT RESUE

EL 049 874 RC US 251 illlti. o L L.t d I a CClI t 11(1a. A ; r : V t

: .,1 (11-1.04- 0.1 1 ,.._0(1.t. di I

t. d ,

I., -ilact Ii it. ; _A,oo, , E. 3 I 0 I, fl

Lt t ci CU.: 1 t

111rt,it 01., L., PHi 7,

11:s r PL t ti-1;t1.

E C 1Cu 1. u <1 t udie , 5oniiUity ult arci .r1 vironD ent, Tor( sty, s, :,,;(1.tuta

ilannind, aiuCai Areas, *Socioeconoffic

7 a 1 a I ) r n Oita a t(- L Lt0 L paiccLad, w York

1111.111t 15, 155, ncio 1 countin 01 s0utt.1L York Itat crc dclureo laqit Ic tor particiL.atior in the ;:ppaiacnian Sc iCi I -2,eveicIment Lrogram. Anotn,-r county was added 1(:,67. Initial state of the Office of Planning COOLOilibtiCh CELtiIk-d CC 1.-.CIDULlt1CP CL corenel,sive develormEnt lari forti e 11,-suare-flile region. Inc plan regnirca tar H:01-t,: information atcut uxilLAiny OC101 a nO economic conditions than was readily availatle: v;hat al c tia human, EiCOSOa1C, social, and i-tyEical resources ortr:e r,dich? 1,1-10t,ire its potertialL and dericlincis? rAoLt importantly, wnat inv(Lt.Tnt are needed to stilulatEr ECOION.1C growth? lo answer such 11(Lt.lChLt, acomr_rehc-nsivt. study or the region's initiatd hl1.1 COVd agLicultur, climate, community tacilities, roletry, aant:.cwei and industry, mineral:7, recreational and cultural tacilitis, soils, transportation, and water. The present dOCUMelit Ci.a4r1LIt tAc rLase 1 detailed inventories di each or tnc foregoing cutedories; in addition to t maps and 6 tatles ot data, the docume-it contains a summary ot the existing recreational arid oLlturai resources or the New Yorx State Appalacnian 1,egion and includes an inventory ot local, county, state, and Federal tacilities as well as a1.reliminary analysis of such resources. (AI)

wells Coyne Wanak Pr_ COfIre, Clifton Height lakele Pinehu _ J1 Griffins Mills )

South Wa Highland on the Lake West Falls

Sfergeon Jerusalem Corners 1 645

Evan) Colden Angola on the La Holla^,; ngolo Grandview Sao Boston ![yro Point arooto 13i9

3,eShore Additio Sister Olenwoo Fowlerville

Farnham Point

Lola( Pahl? Langford

Clear I take Wyandale CATTARAUGUS INDIAN+ . _ Marshfield

it (918 RESERVATION anovef, 011Springville Center\ 217 1395 N es. < 3 0 Springville math M e4 < \ ns Center < Wes dan f..) Perrburi,

ttaratI9

'ERIE co Ricevi e AouGuS CO rooklyn

Dayton West Valle Ashford Hollow

esley rt Snyders Corners

East-Leon ,

aples

Ashford

lotte Chanty' Creek Iicottviile

Thornton

utledge SUgartow Conewango Valley 22T Clear Creei. OUTDOOR RECREATION

FEDERAL iIIPSHo Sheldon ohnsonburg Flood control

Multiple Use areas

Javaviii

STATE

Lake

East Java Catskill Park boundary

Protection Parks

SI, East Arcad Multiple use areas hattee oy N4%

Eagle Reforestation areas ,ardinia

're YOMING COUNT Special use areas ARAUGUS COUNTY 00 The /CA Forks A usky Campsites Delevan Frcedo Cente Conservation education camps ..ryHoll

Elton Game management areas Frumersville Station

Machias A Boat launching and access sites

COUNTY

,aakerata a Parks raaux A 4 arison New York water supply reservoirs

3 Miscellaneous areas not included above

as Co Cuba amberton Nortons

Griswold

Portlan Barcelo Cassacla a

Ke 7 itfjetd '-- Dean Corners

Stock

Charlotterer

58 cla ry \

e4., I ;41.0 IVAn

Summerdale / Chautauqua )Soh Ripley Maple Sp

,..

, '7501',. \NR ters ICciaar ener / \ Marione Sted an

Phillips Mills

PleasACValley -7+

1308 Driftwoo

Ashville

omert JAMESIT

ymerenter,

Bust Creek

Lowville Clymer ck ,

Wa burg

SYLVANIA E COUN Lake Kianton re stillwafery, Flye Point

0 Lott so. ie

44chandlers Valley Union City

n V V h t S vI kit El

Prepared with Federal Financial assistance provided by the Department of Housing and ..rban Development under Section 701 of the Housing Art of 1954, as amended by the `..ppalachian Regional Development Act of 10135. It was financed in part by the State of .lew York, acting by and through the New York State Off ice of Plpnning Coordination.- Fox //

West Valle Stud 1-a\ke rk s

Ville ersia esley Snyders ---orners -±7-47Plato East Leon ION a pies 0° Ca ttaraugus r Devereaux Eddyville

New Albion

Iicofville

utledge Conewango Valley

Clear Creek

lkdele Humphre

Napoli rights

Eas Randolp East Salamanca

Kenned dolph

Poland Ce

/,-ate Bowan

arrollton = Stea

aNNa

V-17FIlhe'-44411111`.111!1.7:0;; Southandalia 2238 Quaker Bodge Irvine Mills Chipmunk

Fry:. entonville WARREN COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA

Corydon en mar of reS West BraitzriAc Bradford eservoir No 2 Bradford Reservoir No 3,r)--- rao,f. Co telly West Bra,c Run Saweerts\\ eteg Dallas.; Gowango South Co, 50gar Run

LI% Sr nrfia

Scale 1:250,000 1 inch equals approximately 4 miles

5 5 10 15 Miles

5 0 5 101-- 15 20 Kilometers

kJ ck:. Boat launching and access sites

Mach:as (lion

/Lai d l aw Rus Ferrnersv.ilit \I0, COUNTY

Parks rankornnlle 4 Cadiz New York water supply reservoirs

Miscellaneous areas not included above

Fetch 3 Numbers refer to Table V of the report. lschua

rey Center

East lean

Wesidins Mills

A .2234

L eSs Flying Sent neap Four Mile 143o Rockt4y CATTARA*LCO_

ullis

Indian Creek

yK Center arc rn I kos

R Ixtord Laraher .`

STATE OF NEW YORK OFFICE OF PLANNING COORDINATION 39 adevYne Center

ohn onburg Is Corner

(Atha

i' _SChlittWarsaw North Wethersfield Sprin Java North Gainesville a rank Silver al .e 0 Sarongs '''',7Creeki ..1-\t420 j---4'1--Sliver Springs,'.111 va Cen _,) )1k Hermitage Gainesville

Hardys

Hillside amont Bliss Nundci

;so. Eagle

L d ay Bluestone

OMING COUNTY

R ossburg

( Higg Fillm

.sladeo Cr

Hough Y.

Rushford Alley Center ofeelt 1963 I

II Bsho

Iv y Aristotle 2 221 ABM"71.5

hall dale 1440 ,rinth,

Rockville Angelica

AIMOnd' ,t`tfaru

Black "Creek 'The ons Corners Cuba P1i.mrs Creek .0 Lake videre ak

OILmum r. /*/ INDIAN ATION STID HILL

96 FR. ST 735 Carlathcr Middlesex I.aAe GANNETT-1 NIL/ 1144

T Keuka Lak

HIGH POW H/11

, Naples,. tA .417HATCH HEN

LIVING COUNT ...YATES sS. CLOVER HILL STEU COUNT KNAPP STEUBEN LSIle EASTFHIll Way lond

sDonsvilleo. ,) 1 I,, PINE Hill 2196'

LINT wit 201? "P Hui

SAND HILL " .2144 C1;16L ,IIQ Ka Hotel

T.4-.2i L) harts ,695 6 r

/896 ndspeirs

k 1889 U ,TODES HILL 9 Both Air

P,,,i-di71;.,

Creek Buens,ill. 2055 Vista MEEKS HILL Campbell S,on., / 754

Conisteo OAK HILL 2128. 81-1,40

KINIVERS KNOB OUTDOOR RECREATION

roa,

Penn Van e

c-,

,r)Penn Van 5 050' Nun I ----4.1'orimy 4 , CAYUGA (.1.) 4: 4 S Z 2 TOM 0c Inte.4en CI - Nort, it isbIT° ---'

4 dr v7C ( 2;,r, '?r4

1500 \ SENECA COUNTY Lart z SMUT sburg /10 0 Su-171U77703172N-T-t, 0 761 )1 '

"nateC.;

1 HECTOR ' ItACKIghtf Ovek \

1390,,7 SCIL7tLER CO I

cc, A 7,

F.,,eqsbu,v,

1050 Lake .)I cocr cur Hui 62" ,khrumbull e e L_ ns Glen awutaLangags Gfen New t,

iVer S'iratton vo 4.0, swimsGlen14, 1909 \, 1 West Danbv

7-1

/, North

0r, 74. , Nt7-711 East Rushford Rushford,, iiAlle 1963 Cftt

Bash

Aristotle 21

211

Karrda6e t. donne*,

Angelica tip 11 Black %Creek '2110 Alf reo ens Corr.ers Cuba Lake Ividere

OIL PRIMOr. 2 II, IhOIATN I iggin -"WA ro Belmont Rep

Elm 4a!lertf.

Qi. ROUND TOP

West Clarksville

Petrol& )lean Richburg Allentown

Westans Mills .2210 Voltrurg 4,4 Kossuth Pikeville 2540

31 \-sororgo s flying Servi Paynesville 1130 er N South Bolive

COUN1Tif o,e0Ye Bullis Mills BuW-r , St :reek Eleve heron Mile

Shoglehouse )47 Creel' hrysta I

esl EON, listtug M,Ilpo Oswayo A

Clara o _

"Prepared with Federal Financial assistance provided by the Department of Housing and Urban Development under Section 701 of the Housing Act of 1954, as amended by the Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965. It was financed in part by the State of New York, acting by and through the New York State Office of Planning Coordination."

1 c1 yocc 1950 18,10 r 441 rnndsport

I A rlf C1 700 liammondspoil na ""1111. it y CfSP. reek 1819 O 1994 TOBES Hill\ , S . oosio O Both bF 5 nora Hornell 0

ifq ti South Br "c'e elk Creek C. I:5;th 5 MEEKS 111t1 G1. it avona Q Conisteof OAK Hill MB' Cifez!%J.-- Ad, C 1841 %vale (4) leo KINERRS KNOB ' 'Campb t c''' / -.. - 10 S ,singrale ZZ .. , ..- 7,7, to 0 f, 0 0 ',. 2407 Cuits/ Li 0 t CALL HUI ry f or ...,?1 s eeon Sidle.._ Creek ,ii pantt.,1 'qSan°,usT rii: 171 t -s.,- ,- i k ".'il 4 eron s c...4, A« C.(75 ;------__' i. -. 4,1 4 cl 0. '' '2141 - ). '1 II 2341'1,1.1 I. r 4:r ''''1, Pointed P-7 0 1 ....v 1.;; .( Gana

It .4' ,7 II Greer wo)Jkl ___-___i ,, ------', 1 ,..., '-----7"--"------Rat. bone \,\ \ tr` / lasoe )1 950 y zr-6 1010 Pocl

Barney Mari 40,0,0

/("_ -10114'' I /ti IP`

1111S11 H111

I Vit Free,en is 7!I isr071C1777'0\ '6U0Stiat \ Bowen Community 1. .x 2100 4.6,f N /-

I - .- eliip l S COUNTY j \7: PEtlIVTATTIA Lawrenc Brookfield 3 burg RiVer = e";s4 e.t. Iklond hp North Fork i, , till'l eola klPritchard I+ mlons P ii m ers Land ple Brook u ,;* Sylvester ii 11 ...1=13,aem24: ademy Corner ay I

11 Harrison .,, Io \ ant, 4,,,,,:eValley " 7 4,,e, Yee Corner \s----iem:-.:-. c- owane ue Elmer J Creek 7-,- 1,::,c,0:::=--'n-'5E Lb, I die 41.-lriml I 'n.rnli e tfield I, it '''.:, ' 11 /E.141, East C;?la tam 7. ( i, 7/

Scale 1:250,000 1inchequals approximately 4 miles 5 0 5 10 15 Miles

10 15 20 K ilorreters Lake \ 3 2010"r L ns Glen I 0 Martin °Maur Falls

/ WhOMenry

Cayuta

Itlead Free North

1, n 1:ne Valley vlwoo # / It Sollyanydle

i \ Horseheads\

C1 inted Po County

Elmira heights

0 Has a aed Pots Glider G1706 /forthr hemung ya HAWlEY Lockwood . West RIVER Elmira Caton Owens

NG e Cat ;4'11 980 Went) eels Windy Smith / '1839 ZS' STEUBEN COUNTY ;.1i14:/84o...... 1/

Swa 800 wrencv/ nard \ Moshervihle ners Lan =, tioga Junction 4, Gillett

ackson Su m hel I Corners Middl e "hhh, " It _ _

41Awr',===-11' 7

STATE OF NEW YORK OFFICE OF PLANNING COORDINATION \\ wird 4 * Geneva

Rose Hill Tr1 0

Scenic Aire Park

C ern Jod

tro

\ 382

i °l978 ts C and

enn Yan 0 I` pl NEW KregFrry

iron Can F t Genoa Milo Center Good, CO221/-4 H Tommy Tti) (4) 6-, '1,; tnv..aler CAYUGA,o_ Second K(o TOM' NS PI" I .t Lansing iWest G one 81 .

\P,r tatipn ; ;N: taywood 411111. Porter CTier ii SPROUT

Jackson,/ e

loor9naell.Robin

ru C n Etr:;'? C

rib MT Ns Mac \

tr, Cans,

no Glen

Martin q..

field Townsend t.ontour Palls Stratt n

C Al West1Dan erey

Beayerdams 54 CO To /678

_1;0 71103' -,-. t"' .--, ', B rod,h- ONIOAGA, CO VI`UGA 163 '''',, ,----= ..-.16,34 I: ', ..,:l. ? Jew Woddstc, , '"'Sr, ''.-"

be Rooter Reservoir Sheds

ONOA RTLAN

De Ruse,

uy,e, 0 z

Dressvole

Sumner Hp

Soth Oslelic

Cart and

trwlle

4'..g17;0..;

onnatuS lees des

MT MASAN?' -1762

4rothon.,,

.non as LaAt AND . 1 TIOGA CORTLA cCorTTyY vItle Se ()LINTY IBROFME CO &mei, ` SmIthville Cr 11,1 w 0 n4hwIld Flal..,

moo. ,C-3-1;ne

Genegontslet

T rongle

load Sen OUTDOOR RECREATION

BvdgeAater' Tuscarora L ' il aton Reservoir ONEIDA CoUNTL MADISON ouNTY orton Lake Lake to Brooktreld Eaton nine '1829 radly Brook Unadilla Forks

Moire!

NOAHSRUMP Leonardsville C.1 e t Suet

Pa.oloville Pond

eorgetown South Lebanon

Brocedteld

tselic

Ed mestOn

orners Sherbur Columba

HUNTS MT

/862 stelFser), 191 rraltsvdte Pittsfield

2 New Berlin w:ch

Miens Pond

Morn

ervAle

stes Pond outh New Min

C a

Maple Grove

Gilbertsvill Ludt° '2032 athams Car r

Keyes Oneor

F Muunt Upton

r! Center

°tee°

LA AWANNA a u: ford Fra Suiney eerie Unadolla ute0 155/

Couentr

oventryadle

N T R Youngs Pond

Bennettsville nrdPap. Thaco

ffd ',!!)

rase

._:,;\ H M Pet5-.7 ...1.k:. Cir.a,..., \ A CO ECT1Cur CA, .--:-- -",,,-- O

ins Glen yule, ar., 2 \\\\ f--.; \\I v.)- , "i. j... Marton \si ---....__/, v, -, , '14f1-0- ontaurFallsli .....D.rtn, -----, 1 f'N'e'''t11:::::::111'-n if' G °.>. . I .--,.

; N_ ------;-, t t''' , ii ,,,,..- // vv,--.( D. n NV .L \-.___... th"-----,n''''.41,),,, ...... 11....11,19irjr---4 Q erey .. .--- \, % w I 0,4- !I, ee,,,,e,c1,,,s1 __,.._- __, .._/ 1 I ,/,,-..--- i ', '',I. RRY HILL 1 -5,7%----- , ... -----'" "--c---1-'.-i; scci-CirNEG1.75f-5'31,-goo n... .4,41_1- ii -1:: . t..) \ \ yr:4 Cay.ta 207'9: / 18011:= ---,., 1' / ii 1.- 1 \ , , ( _,:?-'s-----=_,il Mn $ // .1,, ,-___ N .. di '',1 ,,- !. Ci 101 , . GKA1 0:.'-.3-iC///.11 ' VI '900k .

1 ` Norm 1 1,4 -:-...:1 il Soenc ( !. il / 11 i Zil ii Pov, C,upl. ---=---<-7.=1 q J ' 4 , !....- ,e Va:lev I.',. rt E-va,twoo 1 cat a' tonk% /--4C.--':' 'S ', 1 \`----:. ' II -1.4 Kit , ",-, 1,,i e ,ce s \ 7.1l30 ), .,-"---- 00- ,,,- \ =-_ 1089 ' c, t, 11 ienebaught, I ,,-/.,- Pfil ( , 1 1095 !Ls/ OUAKENBUSH , Eron /...s.' ( ____.------7es 1 iOr) kiV \ \ (485 ... __---- ct- C.1 0 0 a a J Ha rsehe a d so '' Bresoort Newtown z 1 -,c-c A , . Straits r:s'' Halsey Vail.-.

Elmira I Heights L. s,e 11.Li---'------__.,.. ---7'7'---.------0 His Hill PROSPECT HILL 1697 Older ...... --- 7706 --*- PURNA4 HILL 1 "en A Northnemung HAWLEY HILL '. i- MIR\ West .../ -. -- RIVE \-- ?) hemJng center ro.ry. r.l. I '1679 I 1

CAE UNC

Prepared with Federal Financial assistance provided by the Department of Housing and Irban Development under Section 701 of the Housing Act of 1954, as amended by the ppalachian Regional Development Act of 1965. It was financed in part by the State of levy York, acting by and through the New York State Office of Planning Coordination." ow

Srnithville iirnnA

Sr.] ale mIthw.11i- _ Creek 1542 Hrookton c.

Genegentslet

Triangle NAN reef ILL : (5

JenhS,Ile

,N Ncrtr, Font, III

NUBBARD HILL toil We;to Hey Field F T lot

ge cY Flemings. Crane oshu Catatonk f"9- Sam

sborg' \*\--7ELtivreet..,\ 1651 \0 0 Cnn nut Center Gasirp.1 Johnson City5 )). GAATON AOwego

CATLIN L f1;1\

1644'

mith00r0 Creek r od i405-, -'--,-:- 7 r on 11 ,..)Ltr, Apalarn,we L-,..7\ AS, , r i L % tA702 Hawieyton .---If ! 4,- C.,oetttyme

7 1 'i. , _ BT2ADFORD!COUNTY svo) ,-- '..i.p // Ii wl Hollow', J.Cr/,_ 'iBrackney ,,=;,,,, v okdale " * --' ti_,,adis VV 'Quaker La (rilindham , Warr ha

.1- ,, Windham ,i II Summit Laurel Lake Stanley Bixby Corner WV ren Center rr- West Wane lion Lake wsville Center West Windham ake tee Meadow Vn 1,NCL'huokceonut u /'- Upsonville

Cooks Pond

Scale 1:250,000 1 inch equals approximately 4 miles

5 0 5 10 15 Miles

5 0 5 10 15 20 Kilometers

1, Keyes Or eon

.4fud Pond Oxford VarthPond

Haunt Ubtu IA Cente L 0

dock ale

Bracket Pond A.

Ur ad ii reeve est Coventry ainbridbe t cyentrw.11e ,isidney

4r-r A 0 Sidney Center Youngs Pond

1,1

2S29 Bennettsville nerd Page s iTacom No d 06°ASA 0 w z , B- den Looms 0 .2562 0 Whitman Pickerel Pond

,Hatiptrsiville.V Perc h Pone? Q., yiP' f. COL. I Royal anItaria Spri 5 BEAR

1654\

Outtauag

'5525 East Wicosor Wind so st Windsoret-. 920

.anum

see .4k ander Pon Winds

is 11" PI--

...... z1., Kelsey W' 'C' S 0 <..)Sill,er Lake 'as Harya

Blotch ley (yguaga Lake

-... n '-...T.i." _...... -- \ ( : VA7N E-.. --!--7'7,---- ar ' z nSUSOUEMPAA CO \ 1,3 7"-- ci x she, rnan,; . \ 0: East Branch .1. ' , HAWK MT ,/ , "-- `I Tyl A .i,odiners Cot nets : *. Bev'" 4',P Hickory Grove 1 01...... Branat Win . Lanesb rdale Oakland...... /p ''11)4. ctObk 6; UQt)444sN '3:. ,` l' 4 1 \teff,v;-' 0- roa..:.,:e4"' '; o . squeh in o ---i.,. 3.vtilentet 1, itIlEr` :..Putumn Leave 41/4-. Z ''' ,' '/° Hiawatha Melrr"'e L fi___,, 4 Itr Hael9n2c0015.4(44Cvatile) Hiawatha Li2e \,,Corrilort \!,\\i. . . halt -. Il-:. : )) Lake ; \ Island Pond I.' ---- _ ! ,-,-3- a irnerseille t ,i/:\ s=-----___, 4 -*flight irlitiy.kpott i3. Lewis Corners ----/-1 ',,,, ,..,..,,

STATE OF NEW YORK OFFICE OF PLANNINGCOORDINATION CG C P \:1,- Bridgenatef Tuscarora e land Pond Al Mon Reservoir 1679 ONEIDA CoUNTY I C 4Peck sport MADISON OUNTY nevIle est Eaton / A orton Lake A -- odma Lake h Brookfield ew Woodstoc IPierceynEaton Pon nine 61668 adt y Brook "a. rvoir De Ruyter Hamil Reservoir Sneds Leonardsville+

Alidd,nru.T

461 t25' ,ole,itte Pond

De Ruyter eorgetown South Lebanon aker Settlement 1e50 \\I /

7906 MADISON COUNT MERANO° COUNTY I Pond

Eames'

Lambs C.rners Columbus South Edmeston

South Ostelic n Valle

,ond .1749 orth Plchrkr New Berlin

North Pharsal ryrich

ego Settlemen

Round Pon

Warner / 7019

incinnatus 1065 1966 Amblervolle

Steer Pond . les Pond ou h Newettirt untstel Lak

East 14 Donougn 7

.vdiet '39 Gilbertsvill Ludlow Pond A.

Mud Pond Oxford Vorth Pond win us Lake Ruggs Pond 4 COUNTY _I CCOU TT 11,,a Pond Smothville Center

rnttnolle s lrord

Brisben

Bracket Pond

LA AWANNA a ui ford

eene Unactilla 15 51 est Coventry s,A4 ai nbridge Sidney,' 1012 tl -1 Sidney 41(.4.... s Sidney Center Youngs Pond

1787 field Sprinatw= Out Brook

Warren w",ans Creek

n aches Forks

MGAMS: MUMS

Lvesv -P A Sher- ;heir ey __,209 5

Summit rr Ameston GEL HILL

Roseboom at ere Lake

Se, Brook urlingtr,

est Burlington rSto rap Pond ddletald CreeK . stown

Wes, Hartmck estlo Crystal ak ransville wr*"" ...East Worceste

Sou Hartwic 6 Caryl Labe "O WOr este New Lisbon \Gilbert

Morn

uth W. caster

!be' Lake

r , Junct on Maple Grove' ,ColliersktIle:11%Capper Abe

sdawaN

ersnrials La*? 6273 7432 rCPC. t P West Davenport Harpersfield

est Harpersfie dell Lake

Stamfor MAYA,.

nx CHURCtrar

ridge ridnle

South Kortrht

Treatterelt Fra kin 0111 RA L N MIWARREN

10' our Pond !RAMEY MT Branch 42256 AND elhi 5 PLATTEKILL MT jl Bovina Center OUTDOOR RECREATION

ars e

Scotch Bush,

, Caniestnn A%

Rvner Clrner9 Choc/a _-

4eathers-tonhaugh SurtOnsvale Lake ,dge ,-/Braman Corners". Guaneskurg Reserrior S. tied Dude Inch /250

Esperance VALLEY TUPAIPI G,tford

Pianos,'

Gardners 'Ile Bridge

lawyersville A.

ERRACE MT

'nd sk.Hyn lithe 4:-. ._....-0 , 'CobIes reek ot...... 10i 'East Cobleskill N-;//cg:IX1S 141

West Mbhmondyine kINarnerhille

West Bern Warner

lIl Lake

amnia, Lake /44e schotlar% ummIt est Fulton WPAT MT

Onderdonk Lake

Sndyers C ners

Rensselaeryille Westerlo

cite 6/507

00kSburg Playham Rona

end GlIboa Ste, not% Norton UTSAMANTHA MT )Gilboa "33/4 _ Manor XIII CHURCHILL MT Giik*" sr-Pss Affc.e.,e r MT Rs urham PIN SICKIERS MT MT See echo Id rge 423A HUHN REID MT

HartSettlement ake Heloise ME ZOAR IRISH MT East Wi ndham South Durham

Pr sville '2974 3524 04. e A rooksburg Cairo Pittman 4/>,12 & 1200Irk. CAVE MT ensonville X FY TOWER MT Purling WARE hAN MT COA, Roxbury Cr 1011PENIMI l&ACXNEA6 A POINT ILL MT < £25115

:T° T MT Leongtc it' EAST JEWET, 1 Mud Pond 8 %'orth Pond

5 Lake Mount Upton COUNTyi LroN Smithyille Cente

'GL(ford

LA A MINNA

reene 1551

Coventry Coventryville Itaska

rnard Page CHENANGO COUNTY 500 BR COUNTY '7542 North Fenton le Creek ra ASON

B !den

Hettetivillea 'fop 940 Pickerel Pond Binghamton Harpursville Chenango .09

Sanitana Sian s North Sanfo Doraville 4,44.4,0""t imonsburg .1654 Howes

Ouaquaga I N G HAMTON

East Windsor Windsor anford hot Windsor F. 920 cranum Ale ander Pon Winds

Lester McClure ment

Blatchley UOquaga Lake awieyton

y.77N-E- CO73- Sheim% 444. ney r okdale uaker La -:_ -- iarcnorstorners \

Bran dl Wm rdale

\,, 1 aurel Lake

'1,50fireSrCIVe44 '-----: 9C r p c t \ I )- enter m , ,i,Aut,_,umn__,_Leave,s( Melro e i',....._,Y Hiawoattlhq)a Franklin Fork le 1 Larliktert lc,... v. I' Hiawatha alt -e'I ,) Upsonville me' ) ) Island Pond)2p'-,..'...j __. .::.-./ \ I' light ..,---"' -"St.CaFI,i.

dell Lake

Stamford

Otego L2515 K R'

eps 0 ridge

COWAN MT

Era klin loornvil

ourk Pond 'i2o2 'v Center rail

2129 DwawaTe

Lake Delay,/ he Id Lake Delaware

w Kingston asaey Loomis rout Creek

4t)

41" alton

Colchester I DINGLE HILL

Royal

MItgar nraven ?WO // 9eerston 1 ccV4 Leer

ser:. hin ho pple

Harvard

2 7aVik KIP HAWK MT East B k Bro Tvl - 1Peakydle Kill .(t9ishs Eddy 11r i'rrw yoryry' :..., ,e/ ( :erne 4

892 'INCH Hancock (Private) French Woods ( Willowernoc ilebruc

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STATE OF NEWYORK OFFICE OF PLANNING COORDINATION U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION I. WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS 00CUME VT HAS EXACTLY AS RECEIVED SEEN REPRODUCED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING VIEW OR OF !PIONS IT. POINTS OF STATED 00 NOT NECES- SARILY REPHFSENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU. CATION POSP ION ORPOLICY.

NEW YORK STATE APPALACHIAN RESOURCE STUDIES Recreation and Culture Phase I: Inventory

Prepared by

Prof. Henry G. Williams, Jr., and William M. Belden State University College of Forestry

For the

State of New York Nelson A. Rockefeller, Governor

Office of Planning Coordination D. David Brandon, Director 488 Broadway Albany, New York 12207 (2: 0( 1970

25 About one million people live in Appalachian New York. Their prospects, and those of their children, have been enhances; by the accelerated planning and development for economic growth which the Appalachian program has made possible. Our experience, like that of other states, demonstrates the wisdom of combining federal, state and local resources in a genuine pannership enterprise to mount acoordinated attack on a wide range of social and economic problems. From a beginning of solid accomplishment we want to continue to move toward our objective the opportunity for an abundant and rewarding life for the people of the region.

NELSON A. ROcKEFELLER Governor, and Member of the Appalachian Regional Commission Foreword

On August 18, 1965, thirteen counties of New York officials. Phase I inventories were completed in 1968 and Statewere declaredeligibleforparticipationinthe Phase II is scheduled for completion by 1970. AppalachianRegionalDevelopmentProgram. Another This volume contains a summary of the existing county, Schoharie was added in 1967. Initial state respon- recreational and cultural resources of the New York State sibility of the Office of Planning Coordination centered on AppalachianRegion,includinganinventory of local, the formulation of a development plan for the region. county, state and federalfacilities, and a preliminary This comprehensive plan for the 11,858-square mile analysis. PhaseIIwill analyze the data and formulate region required far more information about existing social recommendations on recreational and cultural needs. and economic conditions than was readily available. What The study was prepared for the Office of Planning are the human, economic, social and physical resources of Coordination by Professor Henry G. Williams, Jr., and the region? What are its potentials? Its deficiencies? Most William M. Belden of the State University College of importantofall what investments are needed to Forestry at Syracuse University. stimulate economic growth? To answer such questions, a comprehensive study of The maps in each volume of these studies and those in theregion'sresources was launched. These cover agri- the Atlas of the Appalachian Region of New York State, a culture, climate, community facilities, forestry, manpower companion volume prepared as part of the overall project, and industry, mineral resources, recreation and cultural were executed by authors in cooperation with the carto- facilities, soils, transportation and water resources. graphic section of the OPC Bureau of Communication. The first phase studies are detailed inventories in each Here then is a valuable planning tool, but only a tool. category. In Phase 11, these inventories are analyzed and Appropriate officials must translate this information into recommendations are presented for incorporation into the action programs. The Appalachian Advisory Councils were long-range state development plan as well as into the annual organized to provide a forum for discussing such regional plans required by the Appalachian Regional Development development efforts. As county and regional planning staffs Act. are developed throughout the area, increasing technical Contracts were awarded to university research depart- advice will be available to those responsible for making ments, private consultants and state agencies, including the investment decisions. The Office of Planning Coordination will provide liaison and technical support at the state level. OPC Bureauof PlanningResearch. Theprojectwas financed by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban This regionhas excellentpotentialsfor economic Development, the Appalachian Regional Commission and growth. With aconcerted and well planned effortto the State of New York. At all times it was coordinated with develop its resources, I am confident the region can look the statewide development plan and appropriatelocal forward with confidence to the decades ahead.

D. David Brandon, Director New York State Office of Planning Coordination and State Representative to the Appalachian Regional Commission

3 ti 'CLINTON

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OLUMSIA

THE 14 APPALACHIAN COUNTIES OUTCHESS OF NEW YORK STATE

ROCK A ONG ISLAND SOUND

BRONX NEW YORK Now Yori Cify ATLANTIC OCEAN KINGS

R IC HFAON

4 2S Contents

Chapter I

Preliminary Analysis 7 Existing Outdoor Recreation Faciiities 7 Existing Cultural Facilities 7 Resume of Selected Outdoor Recreation Facilities 8

Chapter II

Summary of Socio-economic Characteristics 10 Demographic Characteristics 10 Economic Characteristics 11 Social Characteristics 14 Implications for Recreation 16

Chapter III Relationship of Project Area to Northern Pennsylvania and Rest of New York State 16 Chapter IV Regional Aspects of the Natural Resource Base 20 Land Form 20 Soils 22 Forest Cover 22 Water Features 22 Climate 22 Environmental Regions 23 Fish and Game Resources 25

5 Chapter V Existing Outdoor Recreation and Cultural Resources, by County 27 Allegany 27 Broome 38 Cattaraugus 42 Chautauqua 46 Chemung 51 Chenango 55 Cortland 57 Delaware 60 Otsego 64 Schoharie 69 Schuyler 71 Steuben 74 Tioga 79 Tompkins 81

Chapter VI Summary of Governmental and Institutional Programs for Recreation and Cultural Resources Development R5 Federal programs 87 New York State Agencies and Programs 92 Regional Agencies within the Project Area 96

Tables

I. Selected Outdoor Recreation Facilities within and external to Growth Centers 9 II. Sex and Race, 1960 12 III. Population, 1967, 1960, 1950 13 IV. Seasonal Hones in the Appalachian Counties. 15 V. Inventory of Federal, State and County Outdoor Recreation 28 VI. Resume of Federal, State, County and Private Outdoor Recreation Areas 100

Maps

The 14 Appalachian Counties of New York State 4 Environmental Regions 20 (Four sectional maps, showing publicly owned outdoor recreation areas in the 14-county region, are inserted.)

References 104

6 CHAPTER I Preliminary Analysis

The Appalachian Region includes parts of 12 states and counties, the latter especially in Delaware County. The all of West Virginia, a total of 13 states containing 397 farther the counties are from these outside population counties.The region extends some 1,100 milesina concentrations, the less the pressure for recreational facil- southwesterly direction astride the Appalachian Mountain ities. Range from Schoharie County, New York, to Kemper Another factor in the area's recreational attractiveness County, Mississippi. The maximum width of 500 miles isthe diversity of its resource base. Again, these four occurs across parts of for states Mississippi, Alabama, counties were ahead. In Chautauqua County, Lake Erie and Georgia and South Carolina and the total land area is Chautauqua Lake offer abundant water-oriented activities, some 195,485 square miles or roughly 61/2 percent of the though pollution lessens the attractiveness of Lake Erie. continental United States. Cattaraugus Countyhas,besidesits wooded scenery, Of this total. New York's Appalachian area, consisting Allegany State Park, the Allegheny Reservoir and more of 11,858 square miles, represents 6 percent of the total than 100 inches of snowfall. Delaware County offers much region. The 14 counties contained, according to the 1960 thesame type of resourcesas Cattaraugus, with the census,apopulation of 1,000,064 persons. New York additional attribute of well-known trout streams. Otsego counties included in this region are (from west to east): County has two large lakes, Otsego and Canadarago, and Chautauqua, Cattaraugus,Allegany, Steuben, Schuyler, the drawing power of the Cooperstown area, with its many Chemung, Tompkins, Tioga, Cortland, Broome, Chenango, cultural and historical facilities. Delaware, Otsego and Schoharie. Almost 70 percent of the While the northcentral counties, Schuyler, Tompkins total population of the United States lives within 500 miles and Cortland, have the famed Finger Lakes, they have less of some part of the Appalachian Region (slightly over one recreational development than might be expected. Inter- day's drive). views with local officials and a review of pertinent literature With the proximity of such an impressive potential support the belief that most residents of such large nearby market for the goods and services that Appalachia might metropolitan areas as Syracuse and Utica-Rome go north offer, it seemed appropriate to appraise the recreational and rather than south for outdoor recreation. cultural facilities of the region, to evaluate tourism as a Residentsof Chemung and Tioga Counties make means of potential economic growth. considerable use of the southern portion of the Finger The following is a preliminary analysis of the informa- Lakes because of their proximity and in general lack other tion gathered on the recreational and cultural resources of recreation facilities in these counties. the New York Appalachian Region. The first part examines The spatial relationship seems to be that the counties existing outdoor facilities, while the second part looks at in the eastern and western extremities of the project area the number of facilities within and outside the growth areas have more outdoor recreation facilities than the central which the State Office of Planning Coordination (OPC) had ones. In addition, the northcentral counties appear to offer identified as having potentials for further economic devel- morerecreationopportunitiesthanthesouthcentral opment. counties, probably because of the Finger Lakes. The one exception to this overall pattern is Schoharie County, in the Existing Outdoor Recreation Facilities eastern part of the project area. It does not have many outdoor recreation facilities now, but there are potentials. Examination of existing outdoor recreational facilities in the region shows a very uneven distribution among the 14 counties. Four of them Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Existing Cultural Facilities Otsego and Delaware maintain a relatively good position In contrast to the distribution of existing recreation in the number of facilities, possibly the result of their facilities, there is no apparent regionally coherent distribu- proximity to urban centers and their diversity of resources. tion of cultural facilities in the project area. Counties with Chautauqua and Cattaraugus, for example, serve the the most significant facilities include Tompkins, Otsego, Buffalometropolitan area while Otsego and Delaware Steulyzn, Chautauqua and Broome. counties have visitors from the Mohawk Valley and, more Cornell University and Ithaca College account for most particularly, from the New York City metropolitan region. of the cultural activities in Tompkins County. The Coopers- This is reflected in the large number of private family and town area is the primary focus of cultural and historic group camping areas as well as vacation farms in these four activity in Otsego County, and its many fine museums are

7 l known thoughout the nation. In Steuben County the major private listings. These were then identified as being within cultural influenceisthe Corning Glass Center and the or external to the growth areas designated by the State grape - growingsection.World-renownedChautauqua Office of Planning Coordination (Table I). Institutionis probably the greatest single attraction in Of the 358 facilities, 262, or 56 percent, were within Chautauqua County and, asinSteuben County, the the growth areas. These areas, however, with the majority grape-growing region, paralleling Lake Erie on the plain and of the population of the Appalachian counties, do not escarpment leading to the Appalachian Uplands, is also of contain an over abundance of recreation facilities. importance. This distribution is not unusual. a landscape with the The other counties have few culturalfacilities of amenities for outdoor recreation often is not conducive to regiohal significance except for Broome County, where the urbandevelopmentbecauseofruggedandirregular Roberson Museum is used by residents of a number of the topography. Another factor is the high cost of land in and surrounding counties, including those in Pennsylvania. near population concentrations. Thus itis reasonable to In many areas the only cultural resource is a state or expect some outdoor recreation opportunities away from private college or university. The general pattern of cultural the growth areas. facilities throughout the project area is one of concentra- Preliminary analysis suggests that land acquisition for tion rather than wide distribution. public outdoor recreational facilities might begin with an investigation of sites within growth areas, particularly for day-use recreation sites. This is justifiable for an efficient Resume of Selected Outdoor relationship betweenthepopulation and the outdoor Recreation Facilities recreation activities, although appropriate sites are often Twenty types of outdoor recreationfacilities were difficult to find and expensive to purchase; this reduces the selected from the federal, state, county, quasi-public and number of alternatives available.

The Chenango River, a fisherman's favorite. SELECTED OUTDOOR RECREATION FACILITIES WITHIN AND EXTERNAL TO GROWTH CENTERS New York State Appalachian Region TABLE I I= in growth center gcd>. cs) g I-4bfl oas0 to, be fa g I-4 .1-4 0I-4 1-4a) g g 0 =out of growth bo Qs0 4-sa g gas 4..,,--1 cd as0cd a) t-1 .-1 0 center .-1 I-4E 4)4.) 0as 4%g $ 0by A 0 0 . A 0 asbo a4 a. FEDERAL I 0 4o I 0 W 0o I 0 u as I UA 0 I UA 0E I c...).1.: 0 I 0 Uo/'I 10 as.40 I 0 04-)in I 0 Cl) u I Cl)0u I 0Cl)4-)e I .ri0E-60 I 0 E-. g TOTALS I 0 STATE MultipleFloodParks control use 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 912 171 MultipleSpecial useuse areasareas (named) 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 12 BoatGameConservation launchingmgt. areasGame ed. 8 farms& camps 2 1 1 1 Y2 1 11/2 3 5 N.Y.C.COUNTY WATER ParksSUPPLY RES.Access sites 1 52 1 4 1 1 2 2 12 1 1 12 1 1 1 85 387 PRIVATEQUASI-PUBLICNatureCamps conservanciessanctuaries & 2 3 7 3 6 17 IS 3 4 1 2 2 2 4 2 6 1 1 4 S 2 3 2 10 3 2 1051 41 1 DudeGroupShooting ranches games preserves(Class A & B only) 1 14 2 2 13 12 2 12 1 33 64 1 1 3 2 12 1 1 11 91 1713 3 Reg.MarinasSwimming golf & coursesboatliveriesbeaches 9 7 1 4 14 7 AmusementSki areas (inc.parksspecial(includes pub.)& feature public) areas 1 1 44 4 236 2 11 21 12 24 1 25 1 4 5 57 2 34 1 1 5 1 ? 3 7 1150 6 1923 1 CD ExcursionTOTAL trains 4 822 15 19 20 47 1 814 2 14 8 616 1 23 10 1 28 4 6 5M6 15 8 10 S 30'A 3 202 1 lcA 1 CHAPTER II Summary of Socio-Economic Characteristics

The Appalachian area of New York State has been the compared inversely with the rates of 10 percent (1940-50) subject of many regional studies. The attractiveness of the and 13 percent (1950-60) for the state, The counties of the area for investigative purposes arises from its long-time westernsubregion(Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chau.auqua, record of farm abandonment, itsdiversity of natural Chemung, Schuyler, Steuben) held constant in terms of rate resources and the stability of its population, coupled with of increase during 1960-65 while the counties of the eastern efforts to solve social and economic problems. Despite the subregion grew at a higher rate. abundanceof studies and reports, however, including Theleadingdemographiccharacteristicofthe published documents of the U.S. Bureau of the Census and Appalachian Region, therefore, isits decline in rate of other governmental agencies, academic case analyses, and population increase due to net out-migration. This situation specialized research projects aimed atregional resource has clear implications for recreation and cultural resource development, itis difficult to find a clear insight into the development: an inability to pay for recreational services. area's total demographic, social and zeonomic character. This condition arises from the fact that a shrinking labor This is so because of substantial intraregional variety, a force is linked to a weakened economic position and lower paucity of up-to-date regional information, especially suited per capita incomes. Moreover, since large numbers of high to recreational analysis, and difficulty in generalizing the school and college graduates leave the region to seek scale of theprojectarea from the small-area samples employment elsewhere, the opportunities for their leader- available. ship and participation in community and economic betterment enterprises, including recreation, are lost. Whileavaststoreof pertinentstatistics may be compiled from the existing literature, it remains to organize Another characteristic of the population, also related this material for utilization. The Development Plan for the fr)thenet out-migration, isthe imbalance in the age State Appalachian Area will be a giant step toward this. distribution. Generally, therearelarger percentages of Thissection summarizes theprojectarea's demo- persons in the younger (24 years and younger) and older graphic, social and economic characteristics, particularly (65 years and over) age groups than is the case for the rest those meaningful forrecreation and cultural facilities. of the state. The region's relatively lower percentage Demographic, social and economic characteristics are not persons in the 25-64 years of age group issignificant neatly separable; certain basic attributes of population also because in this group are found the primary labor for,;e, the have fundamental utility in economic terms. The age-sex primary cLiisumer market, and the dynamic elements of distribution of a population, for example, outlines the leadership. This situation causes problems in education. dimensions of a labor force. Similarly, information on social services, including recreation and cultural resources, commuting habits has economic and social significance and economic development. Some observers have pointed because of the diverse costs allied with the journey to work out that the problem of age-distribution imbalance, due in and the personalrelationships of a commuter tohis part to net out-migration, is the major problem in the community. The nature of the interrelationships is the key region*. to understanding these discrete factors. In terms of urban-rural distribution of the population, the region has a much higher portion of rural people than the state. In 1950, with a statewide rural population of less DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS than 15 percent, more than half of the region's population Although there was a net natural increase of 117,627 was classified as rural. While the state figu,e held firm in in the Appalachian Region between 1950 and 1960, the 1960, the Appalachian Region recorded an increase. The total population increased by only 82,574 due to the region's urban population grew by only 6 percent between impact of a net out-migration of more than 35,000 persons. 1950 and 1960 while the rural non-farm population was The net migration rate for the 1950-60 decade was -3.8 increasing by about 37 percent. There has been a general percent in contrast to a net positive figure for the balance decline in the region's farm population, consistent with of the state, attributable to a lack of employment opportu- national trends, but the shift has been largely to rural nities in the region. non-farm. For example, Schuyler County had a 1950 rural Closely allied to the phenomenon of net out-migration farm-rural non-0,rm ratio of 33.8 percent to 44.7 percent. istherateof population growth. Intheregionthe The gap between these percentages widened greatly by population grew at a decreasing rate, from a rate of increase * N.Y.S. Office ofPlanningCoordination. Bureau of Planning of 12 percent between 1940 and 1950, to a rate of 9 Research. Demographic and Economic Data for the Appalachian percent between 1950 and 1960. These rates of increase Counties.Unpub., 1967.

10 1960 to18.9 percent to 62.4 percent. Otsego County had a center on electrical and nonelectrical machinery, stone and 1950 rural farm to rural nonfarm ratio of 28.0 percent to glass, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, apparel, furniture, 39.9 percent, and these percentage figures changed by 1960 and food products, including wine. to 17.3 percent to 52.0 percent. Primary economic activities have played an important 1 he region has a slightly higher male to female ratio role inthe economic history of the project area, with than the state, probably due to the difference in urban-rural agriculture predominant. Dairying continues as the major distribution. This, in turn, is related to the fact that only type of farming, but cash crops are important in certain 1.1 percent of the region's population consisted of non- valley areas, and the vineyards in the western subregion whites in comparison to the state figure of 8.9 percent. The have provided for a significant wine-making industry. In wide difference in these percentages is explained by the agricultural terms, the economic problem of the region has relatively high percentage of non-whites who reside in New been essentially one of resource-poor hill farms, where York City and the low percentage in the region's urban steep slopes and infertile thin soils have been hostile to the population.Forty-fivepercent of the region's11,000 utilizationof modern farming techniques. As aresult, non-whites (1960) livedin the counties of Tompkins, abandonment of agricultural land had been characteristic Chemung and Cattamugus. over a long time. Unfortunately, the alternatives to agriculture arelimited, the leading choices being a lower The region's populationisnot evenly distributed. standard of living or conversion to more extensive uses, Higherdensitiesoccurinthecounties of Chemung, such as forestry or recreation, particularly hunting and Broome, Tompkins and Chautauqua wb:re the large cities fishing. The state has already purchased thousands of acres of the region are located. Population densities per square of abandoned farmland and much of it has been reforested. mile (based on 1960 data) range from a high of 299.5 in Mineral industries have also been important, with the Broome County to a low of 29.6 in Delaware. In the latter cement, stone, and glass industries operating in the eastern county, recreational use of resources has resulted in an andcentralportions. Thebest known of theglass increase in the number of vacation homes and guest farms, industries, the Corning Glass Works, is also a major tourist among thehighestincreasesintheentireregion.In attraction. Chenango, Delaware, Allegany and Cattaraugus, where the populationdensitiesare low, state ownership of land, Per capita income in Appalachia has been considerably including reforestation areas, state parks and wildlife areas, lower thaninthe state. Broome County, which comes is relatively high. closest, is 83 percent of the state figure, while Schoharie County has an average only 55 percent of the state average. Population projections for the counties in the project Income (per capita) in the state in 1965 was $3,278 but area, prepared by the Office of Planning Coordination, Broome had only $2,732 and Schoharie, the lowest in the suggest that the pattern of population decline will continue, project area, had only $1,843. Income levels of families and with a reversal of the declining rate of increase coming in unrelated individuals alsoreveallarge disparities. Only the 1970's. A significant increase in the rate of population Broome has relatively fewer families earning under $4,000 growth isforecast for the 1965-85 period, with major per year than the state, 19.1 percent compared to 21.4 growth centered in the eastern subregion. percent. In contrast, families below the $4,000 per annum levelin Appalachia range to a high of 41.5 percent in Schoharie County. The region has a relatively high percent- ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS age of families with income under $6,000 and relatively few The region's economy has consistently lagged behind with incomes over $8,000. the rest of the state according to various measures of economic growth. New capital expenditures in manufac- Wages and salaries account for 67.5 percent of all turing increased only 3.2 percent between 1958 and 1963, incomes in the Appalachian Region, about the same as the for example, in comparison with a 15.7 percent increase for state figure. The proportion of income received by farm the state. Similarly, value added by manufacture increased proprietors relative to total income is much higher than in only 14.4 percent between 1958-1963 compared to the the state (2.79 percent to 0.53 percent). Income from statefigureof23.1 percent.Manufacturinginthe governmentsisalso relatively high inthe project area Appalachian counties has been dominated by a few large (19.95 percent compared with the state figure of 17.41 firms, which suggests an added factor of instability. In percent). In 1965, the Appalachian Region had 5.9 percent Appalachia, manufacturing firms employing 100 or more of the state's population but only 4.3 percent of its income. workers accounted for 14.5 percent of the total number of This situation points up the relative shortage of skilled manufacturing establishments in1963, in contrast to a workers which has plagued th, project area and demon- figure of only 6.4 percent for the state. The leading strates an adverse distribution 01 manufacturing industries, manufacturing industries are diverse, however, and they relative to the state.

11 New York State Appalachian Region TABLE II AREA perPopulation sq. mile 1960 TOTAL SEX AND RACE, 1960 MALEWHITE WHITE NON- TOTAL WHITEFEMALE WHITE NON- APPALACHIASOUTHERNNEW YORK TIERSTATE WEST SUB-REGION 8,123,239 236,498491,971 7,421,364 232,776486,074 701,875 5,8973,722 8,659,065 244,485508,093 7,865,707 241,424503,014 793,358 3,0615,079 CZa) SchuylerChemungChautauquaCattaraugusAllegany 239.6134.6 60.142.045.5 47,97339,85721,70770,779 7,544 446,393 39,07221,61370,042 7,489 1,580 785737 5594 50,73374,59840,33022,271 7,500 49,67639,53022,20473,864 7,445 1,057 734800 6755 SOUTHERN TIER EAST SUB-REGIONDelawareSteuben 51.369.429.6 255,47321,82448,638 253,29821,71548,167 2,175 471105109 263,608 21,71649,053 261,590 21,62648,705 2,018 348 9790 CortlandChenangoBroomeSchoharieOtsego 299.5 47.681.936.2 103,49319,72121,24524,86011,297 102,73021,12424,75519,67511,250 121763 4647 109,168 21,39221,99811,31927,082 108,444 21,34721,88111,27726,985 117724 4542 Source: TompkinsTioga U.S. Census of Population, 1960 134.8 72.0 34,27018,763 33,39918,650 113871 31,89419,039 31,09218,938 802101 New York State Appalachian Region TABLE III AREA POPULATION,1967 1967, 1960, 1950 (1) 1960 (2) PROJECTED POPULATION CHANGES 1965-70 1970-75 NEW YORK STATE 18,041,630 16,782,302 5.08 (Percent) (3) 4.81 APPALACHIASOUTHERN TIER WEST SUB-REGIONAllegany 1,045,703 498,249 43,166 1,000,064 480,983 43,978 -0.30 0.842.97 0.921.403.44 SteubenSchuylerChemungChautauquaCattaraugus 100,272150,09099,22415,60979,966 145,37796,69198,70615,04480,187 -0.91 0.962.980.331.32 -0.50 1.701.453.420.93 SOUTHERN TIER EAST SUB-REGIONOtsegoDelawareSchoharie 547,454 22,08553,63042,317 519,081 22,61651,94243,540 -1.00-3.31-2.15 4.86 -1.37-1.57 2.535.17 TiogaCortlandChenangoBroome 220,972 73,78844,62943,87746,156 212,661 66,16437,80241,11343,243 8.619.395.493.506.51 5.054.086.537.417.44 SOURCE: Tompkins (3)(2)(1) DemographicU.S.1967 CensusVital StatisticalProjectionof Population N.Y.S.Review OPC,N.Y.S. July Dept. 1966 of Health While employment grew in the 1950's, the growth of additional income was generated locally between 1961 and 5.9 percent was only slightly higher than half the state rate. 1963, after the opening of the recreation portion of the Some observers maintain that the slow growth in employ- reservoir*. One explanation of the remark that benefits ment opportunities is the region's most serious problem. exceeded costs for the Whitney Point project is that capital The region has relatively fewer workers than the state in the investment costs and operations expenditures are provided following categories: professional, technical and kindred; by the Corps of Engineers together with state and county managers,officialsandproprietors;clerical;sales and contributions. service,butrelativelymorecraftsmen andforemen; operatives and kindred workers. A third form of recreational enterprise is the tourism industry, catering to persons who come into the region In 1960, over 24 percent of the males and 64.32 expressly for recreation. These uses may be expected to percent of the females 14 years of age and over were not in expandasaccessisfacilitated by completion of the the labor force. The gross labor force participation ratc of Southern Tier Expressway and other intra-regional routes. both mates and females had substantial growth potential, given proper stimulation in employment opportunities. If Service industries, which are important to the tourist the participation rate in the project area were as high as the trade, are not as numerous in the Appalachian counties as New York State rate, 10,528 more people would have been in other portions of the state. Service activities and trade employed in the region*. are concentrated in the primary growth centers, particularly in the project area's few large cities. Broome County is the Despitethe !imitations of recreation as an aid to leader among the 14 Appalachian counties in number of economic development of a region, recreational uses of land establishments, total sales and number of employees in have been mounting in importance inthe Appalachian wholesale trade, retail trade and selected services. counties, particularly where recreational expenditures of non-residents are reflected through a broad spectrum of the SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS community. Nathan Associates described the effect of the multiplierprincipleintherecreationindustryinthe The median number of years of education completed national Appalachian counties and concluded that the by males in the Appalachian counties, except for Tompkins initial expenditures of 1. creationists failed to generate a (12.3 years) which is high and Schoharie (9.1) which is low, substantial income flow through the community, except is close to the state median of 10.6 years. It is significant where the multiplier influence was strong due to respending that 62 percent of males over 25 do not have a high school of the tourist dollars locally**. The growth of vacation education. This suggests the need for expansion of the homes has also been prominent in Schoharie, Delaware and regionaleducationprogram,specificallytoprovide Chautauqua Counties where thepopulation densityis continuing education for mature persons, thereby helping relatively low and resources are compatible with such use. them to attain direct skills and widen their outlook on Vacation homes aresignificantin each county in the contemporary community problems. Vocational programs projectarea,however.Ragatz***hasreportedthat for young adults have been initiated but it is too early to absentees owned 2,923 parcels in Delaware County in assessresults. The easternsubregion shows the strong 1964, most of them residing in New York City, Buffalo and intluence of the colleges there; 17.4 percent of persons 25 the other metropolitan areas. According to a Chautauqua years of age and older completed one or more years of County Planning Department report****, the economic college, a figure higher than the state percentage of 16.9. In impact of vacation homes in that county in 1963 amounted Tompkins County, with CornellUniversity and Ithaca to $2,940,000, with $165.31 being added to the economy College, more than 27 percent of residents 25 years old and for each week of vacation-home occupancy. over completed college. Another aspect of recreational use is resource-based The number of households in the Appalachian counties resorts or public areas. A study of the economic impact of increased by11.1percentbetween1950 and 1960, WhitneyPointReservoirrevealedthat$37,523in compared to a state increase of 21.2 percent. Since the difference in rate of population increase between the region *N.Y.S. Office of Planning Coordination. Bureau of Planning and the state is not as great as the difference in number of Research, Demographic and Economic Data for the Appalachian Counties Unpub., 1967. households, the difference is explained by out-migration of the younger age groups. The population per household runs **Robert R. Nathan Associates, Inc. Recreation as an Industry. 2 slightly higher for Appalachia than the state, 3.38 persons vols. Washington, 1966. per household in Appalachia to 3.11 in the state. ***Ragatz, Richard. Description of Property Owned by Absentee Ownersin Delaware County, N.Y. typed manuscript, no date. *Hinman, Robert, The Economic Impact of Reservoir Recreation on the Whitney Point Microregion of New York State. Unpub. M.S. ** **Chautauqua County Planning Board. SecondHomes and their thesis, CornellUniversity, Dept. of Agric. Economics, Ithaca, Impact on the Economy of Chautauqua County.1966. Scptember 1967.

14 TABLE IV New York State Appalachian Region SEASONAL HOMES IN THE APPALACHIAN COUNTIES'

County 1965 1960 1950

Allegany 1600 1215 453 Broome 1150 1004 697 Cattaraugus 2300 1702 501 Chautauqua 4400 3937 3028 Cheinung 200 179 145 Chenango 800 734 567 Cortland 450 N.A. N.A. Delaware 1850 1498 857 Otsego 2250 1853 1267 Schoharie 1600 1212 412 Schuyler 1100 929 621 Steuben 2350 1965 1237 Tioga 250 188 111 Tompkins 500 414 276

1 Source: Bureau of Travel, N.Y.S. Dept. of Commerce, based on U.S. Census of Housing, 1950 and 1960

15 ;35 In the project area 79.8 percent of the housing units the region isnot evenly distributed, varied recreational are sound, compared with 85.7 percent in the state; 16.1 opportunities are not available to people in rural districts. percent of the housing units in Appalachia are classified as Here, recreation takes an extensive form with large areas deteriorating, compared to 11.4 percent in the state. The given over to state-owned reforestation areas or extensive widest differential between the project area and the state in recreational uses. housing quality occurs in the dilapidated category. The Appalachian counties have 4.3 percent of the housing units Economic Land use, income and resource capability dilapidated, while the state figure is only 2.98 percent. are the key factors which relate to recreation. Conversion Schoharie (7.5 percent), Schuyler (6.6 percent), Tioga (6.9 of land has taken place in the region: from agriculture to percent) and Allegany (6.1 percent) have dilapidated units forestry, recreation and other extensive activities. The state amounting to more than double the state percentage. has contributed to this phenomenon by purchasing large tracts of land, which may have utility for recreation. Educational and housing characteristicsreflect the Incomes, being relatively lower than in other areas in the economic situation previously discussed. Its relevance to state, limit the ability of local residents to enjoy recreation recreation lies in the development of facilities to employ which requires even modest expenditures. Although the theunskilledandsemi-skilled workers intheregion, resources of the Appalachian Region have limitations, especially where the multiplier effect of tourist spending can create other developmental opportunities. particularlyincomparison with some other areas, the opportunities for expansion of the vacation-home industry, IMPLICATIONS FOR RECREATION along with tourism and use of resource-based resorts and public areas, is substantial. Demographic Out-migration, age and distribution haveparticularrelevancytorecreation. Out-migration removes community leadership and curtails the ability to Social The Appalachian Region is relatively homo- pay for recreational services. Age characteristics became a geneous inits social structure, a situation which may problem because Appalachian communities have fewer discourage new enterprises. Level of educational attainment young people, thereby weakening the strength of the also deters effective utilization of the available recreational primary consumer market and restricting the dynamic and cultural resources or in mounting adequate efforts to nature of community recreation. Since the population of provide facilities that are lacking.

CHAPTER III Relationship of Project Area to Northern Pennsylvania and Rest of New York State

Eight counties in Pennsylvania are contiguous with the for the Erie Plain to the west, most of the area has poor Southern Tier counties of New York State: Erie, Warren, soilsfor agriculture, steep slopes and a short growing McKean, Potter, Tioga, Bradford, Susquehanna and Wayne. season.Its mineral resources have been exploited and Inaddition, certaincounties south of these also are abandoned. The similarity of landscape features, together influenced by New York State's economy as well as its with Pennsylvania's realization of the outdoor recreation recreation and cultural activities. potential, suggests that New York and Pennsylvania will in Ingeneral,most of Pennsylvania'snortherntier many casesa in direct competition for the tourist dollar. counties have closer economic ties to such cities and villages In two areas, particularly, Pennsylvania has a distinct in New YorkStateas Jamestown, Olean, Wellsville, edge on New York. The firstisthe Allegheny River Corning,Elmira,BinghamtonandHancockthanto Reservoir Recreation Area, administered by the U.S. Forest Pennsylvania's urbanized areas. Many residents work and Service. (Allegany State Park is a contiguous area in New shop in these areas and contribute to both New York York State.) Allegheny Reservoir's summer storage pool State's and Pennsylvania's economy. provides a lake 27 miles long, with a surface of 12,000 acres and 91 miles of shoreline, 63 miles in Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania's northern tier landscape is very similar to AlleghenyNational Forest containsapproximately that of New York, except that it is somewhat more rugged 480,000acres(AlleghenyReservoir Advisory Council, and contains a greater percentage of forest lands. Except 1965). In comparison, Allegany State Park has approxi-

16 40 mately 60,000 acres and most of New York State's 28 mile Region9 McKean, Cameron, Elk and Potter portion of the shorelineiscontrolled by the Allegany Counties. Indian Reservation. The potential recreation impact may be Region 4 Tioga, Bradford, Susquehanna, Sullivan considerably greater in Pennsylvania if appropriate facilities and Wyoming Counties. are installed and highway access is improved. The U.S. Forest Serviceestimates the demand for recreation will Region 3Wayne, Pike and Monroe Counties. approach five million people per year by the year 2000. Many of these are south of the first tier of counties The second area is the proposed Tocks Island National adjacent to New York State, but should be considered in Recreation Area along the Delaware River in New Jersey these aggregate groupings with regard to their outdoor and Pennsylvania. The land proposed for public ownership recreation and cultural resources impact. This is particularly starts directly east of Stroudsburg, Pa., and extends upriver important because most local and regional planning in almost to Port Jervis, N.Y. Pennsylvania will be oriented to these regions. The dam, to be at the northern tip of Tocks Island, Region 13 The major focus of recreation activity is some six miles upstream from the southern boundary of the around Pymatuning and Conneaut Lakes in Crawford National Recreation Area, will impound approximately County, halfway between the region's two major urban 12,000 surface acres of water during the recreation season concentrations of Sharon New Castle and the city of and extend some 37 miles to Port Jervis. The National Park Erie. This area is considered second only to the famous Service has prepared a master plan and will be responsible Pocono Mountain resorts for recreation. The eastern sector, for development and management. Ultimate acreage is to be includingaportion ofthe Kinzua Dam and related around 72,000. facilities, is a part of Pennsylvania's Appalachian Mountain The planned peak capacityis120,000 people and vacationland. projections are for 101/2 million visits annually. Approxi- The region has 123,000 acres of state-owned forest, mately 65 percent of the capacity will be on the New game, fishing and park lands. The most intensively used are Jersey side, the remaining 35 percent in Pennsylvania. By the five state parks: Presque Isle (Erie County), Chapman 1973, expressways will place the region within one hour's (Warren County), Pymatuning (Crawford County), Cook driving time of New York City (National Park Service, Forest (Forest County) and McConnell's Mill (Lawrence 1965). County), which contain 27,000 acres. Perhaps of greatest significance is the impetus of this The water-oriented recreation areas of the region such project for permanent and vacation home development. as Pymatuning Reservoir, Presque Isle State Park, Lake Many residents of the New York City metropolitan region Erie, Shenango Reservoir (Mercer County), Sandy Creek have vacation residences north of the city extending to the Lake (Mercer County) and the Allegheny Reservoir are the Catskill Mountains. Currently, the effects of this are also most significant tourist attractions. In addition, the Corps seen in Delaware County, on the northern side of these ofEngineers impoundmentcalled'TionestaReservoir mountains. This land use pattern, however, could well be (Forest County), containing 3.250 surface acres of water, altered significantly toward the general environs of the attracts573,000visitorsannually.Theportionof Tocks Island National Recreational Area due to the drawing Allegheny National Forest in Warren and Forest Counties force of the proposed facility. This could profoundly affect amounts to 231,000 acres. planning of the southeastern area of New York State's These counties contain 357,250 acres of state or Appalachian Region. federally-owned land and water available to the public for In addition to these federal projects are a number of such purposes as camping, picnicking, hunting and fishing, state-owned forest, game, fish and park holdings. Numerous and several historic sites. touristpromotional groups also existin Pennsylvania's northern tier, including county and multi-county promo- Region 9 With no major urban centers in this part of tion groups. Pennsylvania, McKean and Potter Counties are econom- The Pennsylvania State Planning Board has divided the ically oriented to the Southern Tier of New York State. northern portion of the state into four regions as follows:' This isolation from the other parts of Pennsylvania has Region 13 Erie, Warren, Crawford, Mercer, Venango, caused the region to be considered as Pennsylvania's last Forest and Lawrence Counties. frontier by the residents of the state. More than 83 percent of its land area is in forest cover. The scenic beauty of this extremely low density area is its most important resource. This portion of the text concerning the regions of Pennsylvania Region 9 has 578,000 acres of state-owned forest, relies on the Pennsylvania State Planning Board's reports identified in the Appendix. game, fishing and parklands. The seven stateparks,

17 containing 3,000 acres, are the mostintensively used Most federal recreation development activity is being recreation areas: Sizervilk (Cameron and Potter Counties), accomplished by the Corps of Engineers and the Soil Denton Hill, Lyman Run and Ole Bull (Potter County), Conservation Service. The latter has a Resource Conserva- Sinnemahoning (Cameron County), and Elk and Bendigo tion and Development Project in this five-county region. (Elk County). SusquehannaCounty,directlysouthof Broome In addition to state lands is the East Branch Clarion County in New York,iswithinaone-hour drive of River Reservoir, built by the Corps of Engineers (Elk and Binghamton and Scranton sin :e the completion of Inter- McKeanborder) andservingapproximately125,000 state 81. It is anticipated that this advantage will increase persons annually. TheAllegheny National Forest has private recreation enterprises for example, the develop- approximately 249,000 acres in Elk and McKean Counties. ment of a ski slope on Elk Mountain ;n the southeastern A total of 827,000 acres of federal and state lands in this portion of the county. region is devoted to outdoor recreation and forestry. Region 3 Touristdevelopmenthasdeclinedinovernight These counties are closely identified with the accommodations; however, the vacation home market has famed PoconoresortindustryandtheTocks Island shown extreme growth, particularly in Elk County. Lack of National Recreation Area will provide tremendous impetus convenient highway access undoubtedly accounts for the to the tourism-recreation orientation already in existence. decline in tourism. The many natural lakes and the scenic value of the mountains provide an abundant resource base for its major Region 4 As in Region 9, the northern tier counties of resort and recreation industry. Itis interesting to note. this region depend economically upon nearby New York however, that Hancock and Port Jervis, N.Y. are a major State'surbancentersforemployment. Susquehanna sourceof jobsandfunctionastradingcentersfor County has been added tothe Binghamton Standard Pennsylvanians living nearby. Metropolitan Statistical Area by the U.S. Bureau of the The vacation home developmentinthis regionis Census. The southernpart of the region, however,is mainlyinMonroe andPikecountiesandtheLake oriented to the Scranton-Wilkes-Barre centers. Wallenpaupack area in southern Wayne County. This sphere An innovative organizationfor encouraging tourist is bound to expand as a result of the Tocks Island National development is the Endless Mountain Association Credit Recreation Area. and will probably include the southern Pool,consisting of bank representatives from the four portions of Broome and Delaware Counties in New York counties to spread the risk of loans among the area's banks State. for well planned but speculative new commercial tourist Despite a small region-wide decline intotal tourist facilities. This technique provides more available credit for accommodationssince1961,mostexistingfacilities these ventures and encourages rapid growth of private continue to be centered in the Pocono resort area. The facilities. A similar device might be encouraged in New region has approximately 150,000 acres of state land, York State. including forests, fish and game lands, parks and a small amount of flood control land, approximately 12 percent of This regionisconsidered to have good recreation the !al J area of the three counties within the region. Of potential by local residents and the Pennsylvania State this, about 6,000 acres are in six state parks Big Pocono, Planning Board because of its forest, scenic attractiveness Gouldsboro,TobyhannaandTannersvilleinMonroe and unpolluted waters. It is also expected to benefit from County, and George Childs and Promised Land in Pike "spill over" from the Poconos. County. The regioncontains 361,000 acres of state-owned Residents' lack of interest in acquiring land for public recreation and open space land. Between 1953 and 1964, use has resulted in private ownership of most of the land itsfive state parks experienced a three-fold increase of adjacent to the numerous lakes and other scenic attractions. visits. The state parks include World's End and Rickett's Glen inSullivan County, together with Cot' H. Point, With no stateparksin Wayne, Susquehanna and Bradford Counties, adjacent to New York State. these Leonard Harrison and Hills Creek in Tioga County. Annual residents might well pursue their recreation and cultural attendance is projected by the Pennsylvania State Planning interests. in addition to their economic endeavors, in New Boardtoreach1,200,000 persons by 1980, including York State, should facilities be located nearby. visitorstotwo proposedstateparks:Meshoppenin Susquehanna County andBrown's CreekinBradford In summary, the regions of northern Pennsylvania have County. Adding these parks of 1,500 acres and 750 acres many characteristics similar to those of New York State's respectively, the total state holdings will be approximately Southern Tier, In addition, much of this area is dependent 363,550 acres devoted to outdoor recreation. upon New York urban centers for economic stability and

4(Th commuting over the statelineis common. In general, three Finger Lakes and the shoreline of Lake Erie, little northern Pennsylvania has a low population density as a water, especially unpolluted water, is found in the Southern result of its extensive wild areas with limited access to Tier counties. One hesitates even to mention Lake Erie major highways. Conversely, itis favorably endowed with because of its pollution problems. the natural resources for outdoor recreation. Another limitation, its general lack of accessibility Completion of the Southern Tier Expressway in New from high speed roadways, will change as the currently York State may assist Pennsylvania as much as New York planned corridor highways are completed. by providing access to potential recreation sites. However, itwillprobably increasethe dependence of northern Though the natural resource base is topographically Pennsylvania upon existing urban centers in New York interesting, ;t does not compare with the more mountain- State. ous Adirondack and Catskill areas. Additionally, the area has not exhibited the strong identifiable image that other The Allegheny National Forest and its large reservoir, regions seem to project. Its topography is generally irregular together with the proposed Tocks Island National Recre- but tends to be monotonous at a regional scale. Exception- ation Area, will provide major recreation points in northern ally dramatic visual surprises are rare a particularly vexing Pennsylvania. In addition Pennsylvania owns approximately situation,for oftenthe initialvisitfor vacationing or 1,214,000 acres inparks, forests and other open space sightseeingistheresultof some unusual and easily within an easy driving distance of New York's Southern identifiable natural phenomenon. The Southern Tier does ;ler. These factors co.nbine to suggest that competition for have, however, the rugged forest land of Allegany State the tourist dollar will be keen. Park, magnificent Taughannock Falls, Watkins Glen and Howe Caverns and other attractions. Relationship to the Rest of the State Residents of such major metropolitan complexes as Therefore, the region has not been competitive with Buffalo, Rochester and New YDrk City use Ike Southern the rest of the state with regard to outdoor recreation and Tier's outdoor recreational potential more than residents of cultural resources because of the lack of access, unique other centers. Residents of Syracuse, Utica, Rome and landscape features, and regional identification. This is not Albany hare looked to the Adirondack region (and in the to say that the position is untenable, but on a resource to case of Syracuse, the Finger Lakes). Lake Ontario, Lake resource comparison the 14 counties do not contain the Erie, the Finger Lakes, Lake George-Lake Champlain and diversity of natural and scenic resources that the other the St. Lawrence River hold great attraction for tourists notable recreation and cultural regions of New York State and vacationersforwater-orientedrecreation.Inthis possess. Any examination whichfailsto note intrinsic resource the Appalachian region is at a decided disadvan- disadvantages cannot properly focus upon realisticolu- tage. Aside from a few inland lakes, the southern reaches of tions.

19 4u Environmental Regions

LOWLAND ENVIRONMENTAL REGIONS

Erie Lake Plain and Mohawk Valley

HIGHLAND ENVIRONMENTAL REGIONS TOMWestern Allegheny Plateau

ringerLakes

Eastern Allegheny Plateau

Catskill Mountains

CHAPTER IV Regional Aspects of the Natural Resource Base

The main concern here is to provide a framework fu; Land Form examining the suitability of the resourck base for recre- ationalorculturaldevelopment. What arethearea's The project area falls into two distinct major landform environmental characteristics and what relevance do they regions. The lowland area is identified as parts of both the have to recreation and cultural development? Erie Lake Plain and the Mohawk Valley, while the highland

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area is comprised of the Appalachian Uplands (Thompson, more pronounced hills and mountains in the east where the ed., 1966). Catskill Mountains invade the bounds of the project area in The Erie Lake Plain, a narrow band of low relief Delaware County. paralleling Lake Erie, is between this body of water and the A plateau division, from the plains bordering Lake Cattaraugus Hills of the Appalachian Uplands. In marked Ontario southerly to the Susquehanna Valley, is created by contrast, the Appalachian Uplands are typified by broadly penetration of the Finger Lakes valleys, particularly Seneca rolling topography of extremely variable character with Lake's. Thus, the Appalachian Uplands are divided into

21 eastern and western sections. The uplands, consisting of the the tanbark industry and the species has not recovered to Allegheny Plateau (both eastern and western) and the any great extent except inravines (Stout, 1958). The Catskill Mountains, embrace well over 95 percent of the watershed benefits provided by the forests help to assure project area. purewaterforthe residents of the New York City metropolitan Irea. Most of the Catskill area is within the Soils State Forest Preserve.

A strong relationship between soils and landforms is evident. Generally speaking the lowlands areas contain the Water Features most productive soils, The Erie Lake Plain and the wider valley floors associated with the rivers on the Appalachian The major river basins in the project area may be Uplands account for the majority of agricultural soils. divided into two groups: those tributary to the Gnat Lakes, and those flowing generally south. The Erie-Niagara, Aside from the valley bottonilands, the soils of the Genesee and OswegoBasinsareintheformer,the Appalachian Uplands are only fair to poor for agricultural Allegheny (Ohio River Basin) and the Susquehanna and use. The highly variable and steep terrain, together with Delaware basins (Atlantic Slope Drainage) in the latter. erosion and acidity, requires expensive land treatment. The result of these phenomena has been increasing abandon- In view of water's importance for recreation, itis ment of the land from farm use. unfortunate that the project area, while it has many rivers and streams, lacks the abundance of inland lakes found The Catskill Mountains in eastern Delaware County elsewhere in the state. and the Cattaraugus and Allegheny Hills, although located on the Allegheny Plateau, have similar soil characteristics. Natural inland bodies of water of larger than 1,000 The combined effect is poor to very poor productivity. surface acres within the project area include Chautauqua Aside from sporadic favorable sites, farming in not feasible Lake;portionsof Keuka,SenecaandCayuga; and (Thompson, ed., 1966), Allegany State Park in Cattaraugus Canadarago and Otsego Lakes. Man-made impoundments of at least this acreage are a portion of Allegheny Reservoir in County and the Catskill Forest Preserve in eastern Delaware County have placed these lands into productive use for Allegany State Park and Whitney Point, Cannonsville, Pepacton and Schoharie Reservoirs. The latter three, a recreation, water supply for New York City, have limited utility for recreation under present restrictions, Forest Cover Compoundingtheproblem istheeverincreasing There is a close correlation between the lowland plains, spectre of water pollution, most serious in Lake Erie, where broad river valleys, highland plateaus and mountains with correction may be virtually impossible (Thompson, ed the extent and variety of vegetation, the associated soils, 1966). Many streams, rivers and lakes within the project and elevational differences. Man's influence must also be area contain pollution in varying degrees as a result of acknowledged as his utilization of the land has significantly insufficientcontrolofindustrialandhuman wastes altered what was once primeval forests. discharged into them. The Erie Lake Plain contains the lowest proportion of Thus waterforrecreational useiscomparatively forest cover, primarily small woodlots on the more poorly meagre under present conditions, This problem is magnified drained land. A toleration for short periods of inundation by increasing and often divergent demands placed upon its favors elm and red maple in these locations. The better use by the public and private sectors, drained areas support such northern hardwood types as beech and hard maple. The non-urbanized land is used primarily for farming, with approximately one-fifth of it in Climate forest cover (Stout, 1958). In contrast, approximately two-fifths of the Allegheny Climate has a direct bearing upon land use and hence Plateau is in forest cover, most of it on the steeper slopes warrants consideration. Within the project area is a signifi- and ridge tops. Extensive forests are found in the vicinity of cant variation in climate conditions between the low-lying Allegany State Park. Northern hardwoods are the major Erie Lake Plain and the Appalachian Uplands. Within the forest types. latterare additionalvariationspertinenttorecreation In the Catskill Mountains area in eastern Delaware values. County, forests cover approximately two-thirds of the land. The climate of the Erie Plain is strongly influenced by The most widespread forest type is the northern hard- the tempering effect of Lake Erie, resulting in a later spring woods. Hemlock, though once abundant, was depleted by and fall and a more even precipitation distribution through-

22 4G out the year. A similar characteristic, though to a lesser Plateau receive considerably less snowfall than the adjacent degree, in the Finger Lakes area explains the success of the highlands through which they pass, particularlyinthe grape industry. valleys created by the Delaware and Genesee Rivers and the The lowlands paralleling the Lake Erie shore usually eastern portions of the Allegheny River. To a lesser extent have at least 165 frost-free days a year while the plateau this characteristic is evident in the Chemung River Valley area ha: 120 to 150 days. Thus, the frost-free season of the and its major tributaries, the Cohocton and the Canisteo Erie Plain exceeds that of the higher upland areas by about Rivers. a month and a half. The Plains have a generally longer warm weather recreation season; winter sports are better adapted Environmental Regions to the Plateau. Itis possible to summarize the interrelated character- A continental type of climate generally prevails on the istics of land form, soils, forest cover, water features and Appalachian Uplands. Warm days and cool nights during climateto justifya general spatial allocation for each the warm months are followed by an early and normally region. The five geographic areas containing similar charac- severe winter (Johnson, 1960). teristics are called environmental regions and are identified A marked relationship between landform, elevation as the Erie Lake Plain, Western Allegheny Plateau, Finger and precipitation rates is also evident. The smaller average Lakes, Eastern Allegheny Plateau and Catskill Mountains. annual precipitation rates occur at the lower elevations adjacent to Lake Erie (40 inches) and the Finger Lakes (32 Erie Lake Plain to 36 inches). The higher land masses on the western Location: Narrow belt paralleling Lake Eric in western plateau and the Catskill Mountain region on the eastern Chautauqua County. plateau show average annualprecipitation rates of 44 Land Form: Level plain, slopes mainly 2 percent or inches. less, visually a flat terrain with no local The weather of the project area is affected by storm relief of significance. systems which move easterly from the Mississippi Valley on Soils: Good to fair productivity. the Great Lake Basin. Winter weather comes southwest from central Canada while intense cold customarily comes Forest Cover: Approximately one-fifth of land area, over the northern border of the state from the Hudson Bay dominant zones are elm, red maple and region. Though variable, wind directions associated with the northern hardwood. prevailing eastward drift tend to be most frequent, resulting Major Water Features: Lake Erie, value significantly ina collective dominance of winds out of the west, reduced by pollution. northwest and southwest. Climate: Generally warm dry summers and cold snowy The mean seasonal snowfall in the various sections of winters. the areais worthy of some elaboration because of its recreational importance, especially for skiing. The wide Average annual precipitation 40 inches, variation in amounts of snowfall relates to the interplay with even distribution through year. between land form, elevation, the effect of the Great Lakes Frost-free Days 165. and wind direction. Mean seasonal snowfall 40 to 60 inches. The heaviest snows occur on the western Allegheny Recreational Significance: The location and topog- Plateau in Chautauqua and Cattaraugus Counties and in the raphy of this region together with the presence of the Lake Catskill Mountains in eastern Delaware County. Both areas Eric shoreline have combined to make it a major transporta- have mean seasonal snowfalls in excess of 100 inches, with tion corridor easily accessible to large population concen- the western area uplands often exceeding 150 inches and trations. The Lake Erie shoreline has the greatest recreation the Catskill range between 100 and 130 inches. The greater potential. Ontheremainderofthislowlandbelt, amounts in the west are due to the influence of Lake Eric competition from such land uses as cities and villages, and the prevailing winds which drive snow squalls across farming and highways and railroads tends to preclude the this body of water to dump snow on the relief barrier lands availability of desirable land for recreation.Due tothe of higher elevation and cooler temperatures in Chautauqua stabilizing influence of the lake, this region has a longer and Cattaraugus Counties (Thompson, ed., 1966). warm season than the upland areas ifid thus a longer time Mean seasonal snowfall on the Eric Lake Plain ranges forwarmweatherrecreation ,stsely, theflat between 40 to 60 inches while central counties near the topography and relativelyIrak ,isonal snowfall Finger Lakes rarely exceed 80 inches, usually between 40 militate against the introduction oi major winter sports to 60 inches. The valley areas throughout the Appalachian areas. The forest cover offers little use for recreation.

23 Western Allegheny Plateau Finger Lakes Location: Chautauqua,Cattaraugus,Allegany Location: Northeastern Steuben County, Schuyler and counties, northwest quadrant and southern Tompkins counties, and northwestern two- half of Steuben County, western half of thirds of Cortland County. Chemung County. Land Form: Similarto Western Allegheny Plateau Land Form: Hills moderate slopes ranging between except that the influence of the lakes 9 and 18 percent, medium local relief provides a definite fan-shaped hill and marked by elevation changes in hundreds valley configuration. of feet, a visually hilly terrain of irregular Soils: Good to fair in northwestern Tompkins County land form. adjacent to Cayuga Lake, fair to poor elsewhere. Soils: Hillsfair to poor productivity. Forest Cover: Approximately two-fifths of land area, Allegheny Hills poor to very poor produc- dominant zoneisoak-northern hard- tivity. wood. Valley Floors generally good to fair produc- Major Water Features: Portions of Keuka, Seneca and tivity. CayugaLakesandthe Forest Cover: Approximately two-fifths of land area, Cohocton River. dominant zones are northern hardwood Climate: Adjacent to Lakes warm dry summers and and oak-northern hardwood. cold snowy winters. Major Water Features: Chautauqua Lake, portion of Other cool wet summers and cold snowy Allegheny Reservoir, Allegany, winters. Genesee,Canisteoand Average Annual Precipitation 32 to 36 Chemung Rivers. inches. Climate: Generally cool wet summers and cold snowy Frost-free Days 135 to 150. winters. Mean Seasonal Snowfall 40 to 60 inches. Average Annual Precipitation 36 to 44 inches. Frost-Free Days 120 to 135. Recreational Significance: In this region, a relatively Mean Seasonal Snowfall 60 to 160 inches small part of the project area, the greatest recreational asset in higher areas. is the southern portion of three of the Finger Lakes, which reach into the Appalachian counties. The high grounds between lakes afford many fine views. Perhaps the greatest topographicasset isthemany Recreational Significance: The irregular configuration glensandwaterfalls of the topography with its hills, ridges and valleys affords associatedwiththestreamsflowingintothelakes. generally pleasing views. This is enhanced by the existence Taughannock Falls and Watkins Glen, the most notable, of a greater extent of forest cover than on the Erie Lake providemajorfocalpointsforrecreationalactivity. Plain, and its recreational use is also more pronounced. The Adjacent to the lakes, the summer season is extended: most rugged scenery is in the unglaciated Allegheny Hills however, as the distance from the lakes increases, the region, much of it now Allegany State Park. An important climate becomes similar to other highland areas. In the asset is the western edge of the region where the uplands latterareascertainlocations areconducive to winter give way to the Erie Lake Plain; the high ground affords recreation facilities, particularly in Cortland County. The many views of and across Lake Erie, as well as vistas up and success of ski areas inthis county, however, must be down the lowland plain. The western three counties receive partially attributed to the large population concentration in recreational use by residents of the Buffalo and Rochester Syracuse. areas. The climate and topography provide ample opportunity for winter sports, particularly in the more rugged areas Eastern Allegheny Plateau of Cattaraugus County. The warm season is shorter than in Location: Southeasternthirdof Cortland County, the Erie Lake Plain. Bodies of water suitable for recreation eastern half of Chemung County, Tioga, are extremely limited. The only major inland bodies larger Broome, Chenango, Otsego and Schoharie, than1000 acresare Chautauqua Lake and Allegheny andthenorthwestern half of Delaware Reservoir. The lack of this resource is particularly evident County. in the eastern counties. Land Form: Same as Western Allegheny Plateau.

24 . Soils: SameasWesternAlleghenyPlateauwith Recreational Significance: Most of this region is in the exception of southern Tioga County, southern Catskill Forest Preserve, offering the most mountainous OtsegoCountyandnorthwesternhalf of terrain in the project area. It is also heavily forested. Two Delaware County which fall in a transition zone largewatersupplyreservoirsareinthisregion, but of fair to poor and poor to very poor produc- administrative practices preclude their use for recreation tivity, exceptforlimitedfishingand boating. The region approaches a wilderness quality, with excellent potential Forest Cover: Same as Western Allegheny Plateau. for winter sports areas and camping, hiking, nature study Major Water Features: Canadarago and Otsego Lakes; and the like. Due to the shortage of this type of landscape WhitneyPoint Reservoir; within the project area, itis important to blend use and Susquehanna,Tioughnioga, preservation in areas outside Forest Preserve lands so as not Ostelic, Unadilla and Chenango to destroy their intrinsic value. Increasing pressure from the Rivers. New York City area suggests appropriate land use controls Climate: Generally cool wet summers and cold snowy in the very near future, for effective stewardship. winters. The Erie Lake Plain and the area adjacent to the Finger Average Annual Precipitation Same as Lakeshavemarkedsimilarities.Additionally,only Western Allegheny Plateau. moderate variations occur between the Eastern and Western Frost-free Days 135 to 150. Plateau while the Catskill Mountains and the Allegheny Hills on the Western Plateau have many similar character- Mean Seasonal Snowfall 60 to 80 inches. istics. Recre':tional Significance: This area is generally devoid of existing water resources for recreation in the form of These similarities extend also to their recreation uses. lakes, ponds and reservoirs. However, bodies of water of Public and private recreation land on the Erie Lake Plain over 1,000 acres have become recreation focalpoints: and Finger Lakes Regions are adjacent to the lakes from Whitney Point Reservoir, Otsego Lake and Canadarago which they get their names. The Finger Lakes Region's Lake, for example. Topographically this region is similar to recreation uses take advantage of the abundance of natural the Western Allegheny Plateau.Itdoes not have the gorges and glens. The Eastern and Western Plateaushave abundance of snowfall that portions of the Western Plateau comparable characteristics, since the major recreation areas enjoy, buthasaslightlylonger summer season and are adjacent to the few natural or man-made lakes.The therefore a higher potential for warm weather recreation more rugged topography of the Catskill Mountains and the activities. Allegheny Hills contains the two largest contiguous public holdings for recreation and conservation use within the Catskill Mountains project area. Allegany State Park has 60,000 acres and the Location: Southeastern half of Delaware County. Catskill Region has more than 33,000 acres in the Catskill Land Form: Rounded mountains, steep slopes ranging Forest Preserve. Both areas offer a recreational setting of between 18 and 37 percent, high local dense forest land and rugged topography. One-third of the relief marked by elevation changes in ski areas within the project area are in the two counties thousands of feet, a mountainous terrain (Cattaraugus and Delaware) where these regions are located, of sharp topographic contrast and variety. reflecting the abundant annual snowfall and suitable topography. Soils: Poor to very poor productivity. Forest Cover: Approximately two-thirds of land area. Fish and Game Resources Major WaterFeatures: CannonsvilleandPepacton Reservoirs,EastandWest Game Resources BranchesoftheDelaware There is a correlation between the range and abun- River. dance of various game species and the ecological zones in the state, which conform closely to the landform regions. Climate: Generally cool wet summers and cold snowy The Appalachian Plateauisthe zone with the greatest winters. amount of land within the 14- county project area. Two Average Annual Precipitation 44 inches or other zones, the Erie-Ontario Lake Plain and the Catskill more. Mountains, also influence the project area's game resources. Frost-free Days 120 to 135. The Appalachian Plateau Zone is an area of change. As Mean Seasonal Snowfall 80 to 130 inches. cleared land gradually reverts to various stages of forest 25

4 cover, the type, location and abundance of game alter. This Chautauqua Lake is noted for its fine muskellunge is reflected in the large increase in deer through this gradual fishing. Due to a lack of this type of fishing in the western reversion of cleared land to forest. Frequent heavy reduc- region of the state, Chautauqua receives considerable use by tions in deer numbers are necessary to protect vegetation non-residents. A number of other lakes in this region are and crops, and to keep the deer population healthy. being stocked with muskellunge. Other ramifications of this reversion are the establish- The Finger Lakes Region also provides a fine fishery ment of varying hares in several areas and the northward resource. These waters provide salmon, lake trout and movement of wild turkeys from Pennsylvania. Certain areas small-mouthbass. Alsointhis region are Waneta and in the three western counties have wild turkey population Lamoka lakes in Schuyler County, offering large-mouth densities equal to those on the best ranges in the east. bass and muskellunge fishing. Other game on the Plateau are ruffed grouse, cottontail Otsego and Canadarago Lakes in Otsego County are rabbits and gray squirrels. Small populations of Hungarian also significant. Otsego Lake has lake trout, small-mouth partridgeareinthe wheat-producing areas along the bass, whitefish and walleye pike while Canadarago Lake northern edge of the region aad ringneck pheasants are contains small-mouth bass, large-mouth bass and walleye fairly successful in the larger valleys. pike. As forest cover begins to shade out ground plants A number of reservoirs, established as water supply cottontail rabbits will decline, but varying hares will replace sources, also offer some fishing. They are excellent habitats them. A few bears are found in the more rugged areas of for cold water species. In most cases these have not been the Plateau such as Cattaraugus, Allegany, Delaware and developed to approach their potential because of current Schoharie counties. but are not plentiful. management restrictions on these waters. Among these are The Erie-Ontario Lake Plain is the principal range for Schoharie Reservoir, the greater portion of which is in so-called farm game such as the ringneck pheasant and the SchoharieCounty,andCannonsvilleandPepacton cottontailrabbit.TheLakePlaininfluenceisfound Reservoirs in Delaware County. The first has small-mouth adjacent to Lake Erie in Chautauqua County and in the bass and walleye pike; the latter two provide permit fishing Finger Lakes area. Gray squirrelis abundant along the for such species as trout, small-mouth bass and walleye southern margin of the Lake Plain region. pike. On the eastern edge of the project area the Catskill The project area has six of the top 25 trout fishing Mountains create another ecological zone. Here are the streams in New York State. Perhaps the most famous are in black bear, white-tailed deer, ruffed grouse and varying Delaware County: the West Branch and East Branch of the hares. In the cultivated areas are cottontail rabbits, but the DelawareRiver andtheBeaverKill.Others arethe pronounced ridge and valley terrain, together with dairy Chenango River in Chemung County, the Otselic River in farming, are not suited to ringneck pheasants. Possibly wild Cortland and Chenango Counties and the Cohocton River turkeys could be established in small numbers in the lower in Steuben County. Important trout fishing streams include forest areas. a small portion of Wiscoy Creek and the Genesee River north of Wellsville in Allegany County: lschua Creek in The project area has little waterfowl, due to the general Cattaraugus County; and theOtsegoRiverinOtsego shortage of suitable habitat. County. The latter are all among the top 50 trout streams in the state. Fishery Resources One additional streamisof significance for trout A wide variety of fishing is available in the 14-county fishing: Catharine Creek. From its headwaters in Chemung region. Major fishery resources are related to Lake Erie, County, it flows north through Schuyler County and into Lake Chautauqua, the Finger Lakes and the rivers and Seneca Lake, and is well known for its early spring rainbow streams throughout the project area, but the great potential trout runs. of Lake Erieis being nullified by pollution. This has While a number of good fishing waters do exist in the increased the numbers of so-called trash fish with a decrease area, including a number of warm water streams which have in the desirable commercial species, which are also the more desirable commercial species as well as the more desirable not been specifically identified, the region as a whole has for recreational fishing. Though eastern Lake Erie is not as generally poor stream quality. The major exception is the polluted as the western basin, increased enrichment is also Delaware River and its tributaries. now evident in the eastern end. There has been a gradual This poor stream quality on the Plateau is a result of disappearance of certain species, such as blue pike and extensive fragipan characteristic of many soils in the area. whitefish, but an increase in the walleye pike and yellow Because of the impervious layer, a great deal of water perch (Van Meter and Shepherd, 1967). runoff occurs which continuallychanges thephysical

26 characteristicsofthestreambeds and deposits large in one form or another as the situations amounts of silt. The latteristheresult of the land's demand. The average cost per mile for agricultural history and is not easily corrected. The Division improvement is estimated at $8,000, of Fish and Game conducts an extensive trout habitat exclusive of costs related to permanent improvement program which includes stream bank stability. staff service*. In a report relating to the Appalachian Region of New York State, the Division noted: *New York State Conservation Department, Division of Fish and ...that 100% of the trout stream Game. "II. Fish Section." Portion of an analy:.prepared by the Division concerning the Appalachian Counties. New York State, mileage...is in need of such treatment n.d. (Typewritten.)

CHAPTER V Existing Outdoor Recreation and Cultural Resources, by County*

This section gives detailed information on the natural and panoramic views. The major valley conformation is that ; resource base and lists the various outdoor recreation, created by the Genesee River as it traverses the area in a cultural and historic facilities in each county. The chart generallynorth-southdirection. The Canaserago Creek Inventory of Existing Federal, State and County Out] Valley, in the northeastern corner of the county, is a scenic Recreation Areas, lists the facilities administered by these and deeply incised land form. governmental jurisdictions. Following this chart, a sub- Rivers and Streams: The major river is the Genesee. section on each county identifies its natural resource base, ProminentcreeksincludetheLittleGenesee,Black, city, village and town outdoor recreation facilitie's, the Suxtown, Canaserago, Angelica, Vandermark, Dyke and quasi-public and private recreation areas, and cultural and Chenunda Creeks. The Canisteo River begins in Allegany historic resources. County, flowing to more prominence in Steuben County. This data reveals that certain counties offer a significantly wider number and array of facilities than others. Chequaga Falls, a 156foot waterfall in Montour Falls. Further, a correlation appears between a county's recre- ationfacilitiesandthe usethe area receives by large population concentrations within and outside its bound- aries, particularly for commercial enterprises. An additional consideration, important for certain types of facilities, is the resource base itself. A mixture of these two factors appears to explain the spatial distribution and density of facilities.

Allegany County

NATURAL RESOURCE BASE

Scenic and Water Resources Topography: Rugged topography, particularly in the southern and eastern portions provides many scenic vistas

Note:See Chapter VI for sources used to develop the chart titled "InventoryofExistingFederal,Stateand County Outdoor Recreation" which follows.

27 C. INVENTORY OF FEDERAL, STATE AND COUNTY OUTDOOR RECREATION New York State Appalachian Region TABLE V OWNERSHIP-FACILITY-AREA ACREAGE STATE CONSERVATION DEPARTMENT: ALLEGANY COUNTY (PARKS) MULTIPLECONSERVATIONREFORESTATIONCuba Reservation USE AREAS EDUCATIONAREAS (Unnamed)Camp CAMPS Rushford (Hanging Bog 42,087 2,760 650 YesNo No No NoYes No No YesNo No No No Yes YesNo NoYes GAMEPUBLIC MANAGEMENT FISHING AREASRIGHTSRattlesnakeHangingArea) (24 miles) Bog Hill (part in Allegany) 1,9204,571 NoNoNo NoNo YesNo NoNo NoNo NoNo NoNo YesNo No No Yes YesNo NoNo CONTR.FEDERAL CORPS OF ENGINEERS FLOOD BROOME COUNTY STATE CONSERVATION DEPARTMENT MULTIPLEChenangoWhitney(PARKS)(275 acres PointValleyUSE leasedAREAS Recreation S. P.to County) Area 1,5681,0714,400 YesYes Yes No Yes No NoYes Yes No NoYes NoYes YesNo No No YesYes NoYes 7.7sNo FISHREFORESTATION HATCHERIES AREASFireOlmstead Towers Preston - Ingraham Campsite Hill (u) Page Pond 5,883 NoYes No NoNo NoNo No No NoNo No No NoYes NoYes NoYes COUNTY BOAT LAUNCHING & ACCESSUpperWhitneyLily SITES LislePond Pt. Boat Boat Access Launching Point Sit 49 No NoNo No No No YesNoYes No No No No No NoYes PARKS *DorchesterHawkinsNathanielGreenwood Park Lake Cole Park Park Park *65329443345 NoYes NoNo YesNoYes YesNoNoYes NoNo YesNo No No No YesNo No NoYes CONSERVATION*Lisle*Upper LAND ParkLisleCATTARAUGUS Park COUNTY *125 566*85 NoYes NoNo No NoNo NoNo NoNo No No No No No No STATE CONSERVATION DEPT. MULTIPLEPARKS USE AREAS (named)ZoarAllegany Valley State (portion Park in 60,480 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No REFORESTATIONMULTIPLE USE AREASAREAS (unnamed)FireCattaraugus) Tower-Hartzfelt Hill McCarthy Hill 27,398 4,2361,919 NoYes No No No No No No No NoNo NoYesNoYes YesNoNo YesNoNo FISHBOAT HATCHERIES LAUNCHING & ACCESSRandolfHarwood SITES Lake Boat Access Site Summit Hill 51 NoNo No NoNo NoNo NoNo YesNo NoNo NoNo No NoNo NoNo NoNo COUNTY PARKSPUBLIC FISHING RIGHTSOnoville (36 miles) Boat Access Site No No No No No No No No No Yes No No CIDfV CONSERVATION (16 sites)(leased from Corps of Eng.) 100 No No YesNo No No NoYes No No No YesNo NoNo NoNo (Table V continued) oo 0 -.) .4,,y 2:, C 5* '1.' .{. 4 4 OWNERSHIPFACILITYAREA ACREAGE 4 A.0 o C, (c. 41. o 0 Ar C, 0 0 0 .S .c. 0 ,c. Ar 0 .c. 4:v 0 *0 0 Ar -,, ,c. C, 0 0 .c. A, GTATECONSERVATION DEPT, CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY 4* 0 ,. '$) c., v MULTIPLEPARKS USE AREAS (unnamed)LongLake EriePoint State State Park Park 1,981 320355 YesNoYes NoYes NoYes NoYes No No NoYes No NoNo YesNo YesNo NoYes FISHGAMEREFORESTATION HATCHERIESMANAGEMENT AREAS AREASPrendergastCanadaway Creek 15,058 2,180 70 NoYesNo No NoYes No No No No No NoNo NoYes NoYes YesNo BOAT LAUNCHING & ACCESSPrendergastBemus SITES Point Pt. Boat Boat Launching SiteLaunching Site 1 NoNo No No No No YesNo No No No No No Yes COUNTY CONSERVATIONPUBLIC FISHING (15 RIGHTS sites)Dunkirk Barcelona(24 miles) Boat Boat Launching Launching Site Site 913 NoNo No No No No NoYes No No NoNo YesNoNo No NoYes * Land leased from Federalunder headingGovernment "Corps of Engineers"CHEMUNG COUNTY at Whitney Point neservoir. Acreageu are included in 1st listing STATE CONSERVATION DEPT. MULTIPLEPARKS USE AREAS (named)ChemungNewtown MultipleBattlefield Use Reserv'nArea (u) 330 Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No Yes MULTIPLEPUBLICREFORESTATION FISHINGUSE AREAS AREASRIGHTS (unnamed) (2(options miles)being on additionconsidered) acreages 530501 95 NoYes No No No No No No No NoNo YesNo NoYes NoYes COUNTY PARKSCONSERVATION VeteranErinHarris Forest HillForest Park 283 6090 NoYes No NoYes NoYes No No No No NoYes No No Yes STATE CONSERVATION DEPT. PARKS BowmanCHENANGO Lake COUNTY State Park 200 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No REFORESTATIONMULTIPLE USE AREASAREAS (unnamed)TarbellBolsomHunt's FarmsSwampPond StateCampsiteCampsite Park (u) 63,710 2,5121,144 YesNo NoNoYes NoNoYes NoYes NoNo NoYesNo No NoNo NoOoNo NoYess'esYes NoYesYes NoYes GAMECONSERVATION MANAGEMENT EDUCATION AREASPharsaliaRogersFire CAMPS Towers-Berry Conservation Hill Ed.Center 4,516 414 YesNo NoNo NoNo YesNo NoNo YesNo No YesNo No YesNo YesNo NoNo COUNTY CONSERVATIONPUBLICFISH HATCHERIES FISHING (1 RIGHTSSite) South(28 miles) Otselic Fish Hatchery 116155 No No No NoNo NoNo NoN-' No NoNc No NoYes NoNo NoNc STATE CONSERVATION DEPT. MULTIPLE USE AREAS (named)GloverCORTLAND Pond COUNTY (Papish) 180 No No Yes No No Yes No No No Yes Yes No REFORESTATIONMULTIPLE USE AREASAREAS (unnamed)FireChenango-Cortland Towers - Morgan No.Campsite Hill 12 (u) 25,006 5,625 NoYes NoNo NoNo NoNo NoNc NoNc NoNo NoNo NoNo NoYes NoYes NoNo PUBLICBOAT LAUNCHINGFISHING RIGHTS & ACCESS TullyGrout(15 SITESmiles) LakeBrook Boat Boat Access LaunchingSite Point (u) (u) No NoNo NoNo No No No No No NoNo YesNo No..o No (Table V continued) COUNTYOWNERSHIP-FACILITY-AREA ACREAGE ti °vo 0 PARKS DELAWAREDwyer10 Other Memorial COUNTY Parks Park 3850 No No YesNo NoNo No NoYes No No NoNo NoNo No NoYes FEDERAL CORPS OF ENGINEERS FLOOD CONTROL East(managed Sidney Reservoirjointly with.Town of STATE- CONSERVATION DEPT. FOREST PRESERVE Little Pond CampsiteEidney) 33,851 235 Yes NoYes NoYesNo NoYes No NoYes NoNo YesYesNo No No No Yes YesNo NoYes MULTIPLEREFORESTATION USE AREAS AREAS (unnamed)Fire Towers - Bromley Mtn. RockTwadell Rift Point 13,344 2,649 NoYesNoYes No No No NoNo NoNo NoNo NoNo No NoNo No NoYesNo NoYes No NEW YORK CITY WATER SUPPLY RES.PUBLICGAME MANAGEMENT FISHING RIGHTS AREAS Bear(42 miles)Spring Mountain Mt. Utsayantha 7,200 YesNoNu No NoNo NoNo NoNo NoNo NoNo NoNo NoNo NoNo NoYes YesNoNo NoNo OTSEGOPepactonCannonville COUNTY Reservoir Reservoir 4,8006,800 No No No No No No No No No YesYes No NoNo STATE CONSERVATION DEPT. MULTIPLEPARKS USE AREAS (unnamed)GlimmerglassGilbert Lake State Park 1,9301,569 593 Yes NoYes YesNo Yes No NoNoYes NoYesYes YesNoYes YesNoYes No No No Yes NoYesNo NoNo BOAT'LAUNCHINGREFORESTATION AREAS & ACCESSFire SITES Towers - Hooker Hill 16,255 NoYes No NoNo No No No No No No NoYes NoYes NoNo COUNTY PUBLIC FISHING RIGHTSMilford Canadarago(11 miles) Boat LakeAccess Boat SituLaunching Site No NoNo NoNo NoNo NoNo NoYes NoNo No No YesNo No No CONSERVATION (14 Sites)Forest of the Dozen DadsSCHOHARIE COUNTY 3,621 NoYes No NoYes No No No No NoYes No NoYes No No STATE CONSERVATION DEPT. REFORESTATIONMULTIPLEPARKS USE AREASAREAS (unnamed)Toepath Mountain State Park 30,413 1,314 70 Yes NoNo NoYesNo NoNo NoNo NoNo NoNo NoNo No Yes YesNo No NEW YORK CITY WATER SUPPLY RES.SchohariePUBLIC FISHING Reservoir RIGHTS Fire(4 miles) Towers - Loonard Hill Petersburg Mtn. 1,142 NoNo NoNoNo NoNo NoNo NoNo NoNo NoNo NoNo NoNo YesNoYes NoNo NoNo FEDERAL-U.S. FOREST SERVICE MULTIPLE USE AREAS SCHUYLER COUNTY STATE CONSERVATION DEPT. PARKS Hector(portion, Landremainder totalUse Area is in13,257 Seneca acres; County) 9,751 Yes No Yes No No No No Yes No Yes Yes No REFORESTATIONMULTIPLE USE AREASAREAS (unnamed)FireWatkinsSugar Towers HillGlen - Special StateSugar Park HillUse Area 15,190 303664 NoYes NoYes NoYeilYes NoNcYes No No No NoYes NoNo YesNoYes NoYesYesNo NoYes (Table V continued) OWNERSHIP-FACILITY-AREA GAME MANAGEMENT AREASConnecticut Hill (portion, ACREAGE PUBLICBOAT LAUNCHING FISHING RIGHTS& ACCESSTompkins Seneccfor(6 SITESmiles)rest LakeCo.) of acreageBoat Launching see Site 5,060 NoNo NoNo NoYesNo NoNo NoNo YesNo No YesNo No No YesNo NoYesNo NoYes FEDERAL-CORPS OF ENGINEERS FLOOD CONTROL Almond Dam RecreationSTEUBEN Area COUNTY STATE CONSERVATION DEPT. PARKS Stoney(leased Brook parkto State Steuben use) Park Co. for 554 YesNo Yes No YesNo YesNo No No No YesNo YesNo No No No No NoYes MULTIPLEGAMEREFORESTATION MANAGEMENT USE AREAS AREAS AREAS (unnamed)ErwinFire Towers Erwin 19,342 2,5045,428 NoYes No No YesNo No No YesNo No YesNo No NoNo NoYesYes YesNoYes YesNo FISH HATCHERIES NurseryPaintedBathGame Mgt. (portionPost Area) Wildlife of Erwin Shrub 16 No No No No No No No No NoNo NoNo NoNo Yes COUNTY PUBLICBOAT LAUNCHING FISHING RIGHTS& ACCESSAlmond Boat(26 SITES Accessmiles)Dam Recreation Site Area No NoNo No No No NoYes No NoNo NoNo NoYes NoNo NoYes PARKS Almond(Kanakadea Dam Engineers)Recreationleased Recreation from Area Corps. Area, of 205 Yes No Yes No No Yes No No No Yes Yes fes HornbyBoyds ParkCorner Park 157 54 No No Yes No No NoNo NoNo NoNo No No No YesNo STATE CONSERVATION DEPT. MULTIPLEREFORESTATION USE AREAS AREAS (unnamed) TIOGA COUNTY 7,8171,531 YesYes No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No PUBLICBOAT LAUNCHING FISHING RIGHTS& ACCESSBarton (1 SITESmile) Boat Access PointTOMPKINS COUNTY NoNo NoNo NoNo NoNo No YesNo NoNo No NoNo NoYes No YesNo STATE-CONSERVATION DEPT, PARES TaughannockRobertButtermilk H. Treman FallsFalls StateState ParkPark 1,020 742675 Yes YesYes YesYes Yes NoNo YesNoNo Yes Yes No Yes No YesNo REFORESTATIONMULTIPLE USE AREASAREAS (unnamed)(named)MichiganDryden Lake Hollow 18,250 391153190 YesNo No No No No No No NoNo NoNo Yes YesYes NoYes GAME MANAGEMENT AREASSchuylerforConnecticutFire restTowers Co.)of acreageHill (portion, see Padlock Hill 5,900 No No YesNo No No No No No No aoNo No No COUNTY PUBLICBOAT LAUNCHINGFISHING RIGHTS & ACCESSDrydenIthaca SITES Lake Game Boat Farm Access Point 166 No No No No No NoYes No NoYes NoNo NoYesNo NoNoYes NoYes * Land leased from Federalunder heading GovernmentCONSERVATION "Corps at of Whitney Engineers". (4 sites) Point Reservoir. 564 No No No No No Acreages are included in 1st listing No No No No No No No Lakes: Cuba and Rushford Lakes are the largest inland bodies of water in the county. There are a few other small Lakes and Ponds10 Acres or Larger lakes and ponds, but none of significant size. Warm or Cold Water Fish and Game Resources Lake Acres Species* Remarks FisheryResources: The GeneseeRiveroffersthe greatestmileageof stockedtroutwatersinAllegany Allen Lake 50 cold County. Streams that receive substantial mileage of stock- Alma Pond 50 warm ing include Canaserago, Cryder, Dyke, Dodge and Little Andover Pond 20 warm Genesee. Some of the more desirable warm water fish in the Cubs Lake 493 warm lakes and ponds are smallmouth and largemouth bass and Moss Lake 120 warm 1 walleye pike and a number of lakes offer lake trout, brown Rockville Reservoir 40 warm 4 trout and brook trout fishing. Rushford Lake 580 warm and cold 3, 4 Spring Lake 25 warm Fishing Right Easements 1,378 Stream Total Miles

Cryder Creek 7.5 Legend: I = Posted (Private) Genesee River 15.0 2 = State Owned Little Genesee Creek 1.0 3 = Trout Stocked 4 = Warm Water Species Stocked Total 23.5

Total Stocked Trout Waters

Streams 74.4 miles Calculated Total Deer Take by License Type, 1966** Lakes and Ponds 1821.4 acres License Type Calculated Total Deer *State Conservation Department owned. This applies wherever the term "fishing right easements" appears. Regular 1 930 Game Resources: This county provides good white- Archer 40 tailed deer habitat and hunting activity maintains the herd Party Permit 2,523 in balance. A large percentage of the harvest is taken by persons residing outside the county and so this hunting is in Total 4,493 a sense an export business. Harvest is high in relation to other areas in the state. Calculated Total Bear Take Few come to the county to hunt bear, although deer hunters will take a bear if they can. In 1966, the State **Calculatedtotal takeisan estimated figure based upon a statistical approximation. The figures were developed by the New Conservation Department calculated that only one bear was York State Conservation Department, Division of Fish and Game. taken in Allegany County.

With respect to small game, the forest species are Winter Recreation Resources predominant. The wild turkey and ruffed grouse are the Mean temperaturesinJanuary range between 21 most important attractions for hunters, with ruffed grouse degrees on the higher elevations and 25 degrees in the being the most important small game export. valleys. The mean seasonal snowfall range is from 40 to 60 inches in the valleys to over 80 inches in a few locations in Cottontail rabbit is probably the most popular species the southwest corner of the county. Most of the Allegany hunted by residents. Other game includes grey squirrel, County, however, is within the 60 to 80 inch snowfall woodcock and varying hare. range. The Genesee River Valley and the valley created by Waterfowl hunting is extremely limited due to a lack of Black Creek are in snow shadow, and have the least amount suitable habitat, and the fact that the county is not on a of snowfall, together with higher average January temper- major north-south flyway. atures.

36 bU The southwest quadrant has the greatest potential for Hugh Coats near Village of Scio. winter recreation because of its higher elevations, higher James F. Dick near Village of Richburg. mean seasonal snowfall and more pronounced topographic Windy Hills near Village of Rushford variation. The amount of vertical decent, however, rarely (Andrew Steel), 25 sites. exceeds 600 feet; and thus the potential for ski development is limited. Opportunities for other winter activities Hillendale Farm Camping near Village of Altamont suchassledding and tobogganing are generally good (Francis C. Gibbs), 45 sites throughout the county. The county has one ski arca, Martin Simax near Village of Wellsville.

CITY, VILLAGE AND TOWN Wagon Wheel Campsite near Village of Cuba OUTDOOR RECREATION FACILITIES (Avery Dolph). Sunny Hill Campsite near Village of Richburg. Village of Wellsville Thunder Hill Campsite near Village of Caneadea. Villageof Wellsvillehas ahighpriorityfor The Foster Lake Club (members only) acquiring and developing a 50-acre riverside park and owns near Village of Alfred (Eddy Foster). four sites totaling 36 acres. Group Camping (children and/or adults: Brentwood Camp Town of Angelica Quasi-Public Recreation (Donald Morris). Boy Scouts: Camp Seneca Town of Clarksville. Regulation Golf Courses Open to Public: Camp Trail The Eagle Town of Hume. Wellsville Golf Course Village of Wellsville, 9 holes. Girl Scouts: Four Lakes Vacation land Town of Amity. Ski Areas: Church: Swain Route 408, 10 miles south of Nunda. Wesleyan Methodist Camp Town of Caneadea. Camp Harley Sutton Town of Alfred. Cultural and Historic Resources Commentary The county has no major cultural attractions of regional importance at the present time. Private Recreation Areas

Family Camping: Higher Education Programs and activities generated by Belle Hollow Campsite three institutions provide the cultural focus: near Village of Canaseraga (Earl D. Lacy), 40 sites. Alfred University Davis Memorial Carillon: The bells werecastinAmsterdam, The Netherlands,in1674. Jones Pond Campsite Concerts are given. near Village of Angelica (Clifford Jones), 100 sites. SilvermanGlassCollection: One of theworld's most Paradise Lake representative collections of modern glass from the stand- near Village of Bolivar (Richard Faulkner), point of art and technology. 125 sites.

Evergreen Camp George Wesp Collection: European porcelains including near Village of Angelica (Donald Messinger), crested plates made for the royal houses of Europe. 40 sites. Midway Park near Village of Wellsville SUNY Agricultural and Technical College (Clause Morseman). SUNY College of Ceramics Camp Lake Rushford Perhaps the county's greatest potential for additional near Village of Rushford (Mrs. Mildred Falsion), cultural and educational activity lies inits rich history, 40 sites. especially Indian lore and the oil industry.

37 Indian Culture The house of Mary Jamison, famed Broome County "White Woman of the Genesee". was originally in Allegany County and now in Letchworth State Park. NATURAL RESOURCE BASE Seneca Oil Spring Reservation b40 acres. located at Cuba Lake,isthe site of one of the many early oil springs Scenic and Water Resources discovered in America. It has been identified as the first Topography: BroomeCountyis characterizedby because it was the earliest recorded in writing. well-defined valleys with relatively steep walls rising to flat ridges on the high ground. The nlost rugged topography, Oil Industry Between Wellsville and l3olivar along New and the most scenic, is in the eastern and southern sections, York Route 17 are numerous drilling rigs. The dominant land form groupings are created by the Bolivar: Village has a building to be used as an oil valleys of the Susquehanna. Chenango. Tioughnioga and museum. Plans are to construct a full scale replica of an Otselic Rivers and Nanticoke Creek. As with other valley early oil derrick outside the museum. floor-upland contrasts, many views are scenic. Petrolia: Nearby is the location of the first oil well in Rivers and Streams: Major rivers are the Susquehanna the county, Triangle No. 1, 1879. This is marked by the and Chenango. The latter and Nanticoke ('reek are the state. principal tributaries of the Susquehanna River. All but the eastern portion of the county drains into this major basin. Canals An early canal network played a brief role in the the remainder to the West Branch of the Delaware River. history of Allegany County. Cuba Lake was created to The Otselic and Tioughnioga Rivers are tributary to the supply water toa section of the Genesee Canal. Sonic Chenango River. sections of this canal connected the Allegheny River with the GeneseeRiver toprovide anavigable water route Lakes and Reservoirs: Whitney Point Reservoir is the between Olean and Rochester. county's largest inland body of water. approximately 1.200 surfaceacre:;. A number of small lakes and ponds are Federal, State and County Facilities are between the Susquehanna River and the eastern boundary listed in Tables V and VI. of the county. the largest being Oquaga Lake. Allegany State Park, with 58,000 acres, is the largest of the state's parks.

38 Fish and Game Resources Fishing Right Easements: There are no state fishing Fishery Resources: Principal trout streams in Broome right easements in Broome County. County are Nanticoke Creek and Oquaga Creek. A number of lakes and ponds stocked for various warm water species, including Whitney Point Reservoir. Principal warm water Total Stocked Trout Waters species are smallmouth and largemouth bass, bullheads. bluegill, whitefish and pickerel. Chenango Lake, Oquaga Streams 52.7 miles Lake and Perch Pond have brown, speckled and rainbow Lakes and Ponds 60.0 acres trout. Oquaga also has lake trout.

Lakes and Ponds 10 Acres or Larger in Size

Warm or Cold Water Lake Acres Species Remarks

Ansco Pond 33 warm 1

Beaver Lake 13 warm 1 Deposit Reservoir 13 warm Greenwood Lake

Hawkins Pond 30 warm 1 Boat Livery Laurel Lake 13 warm Leahy Pond 25 warm Co-owned, 4 Lily Lake (Chenango Lake) 45 warm and cold 2, 3 Marsh Pond 30 warm and cold 1, 3 Oquaga Lake 134 warm and cold Rainbow trout experimental stocking Perch Pond 15 cold 3 Pickerel Pond 38 warm Whitney Point Reservoir 1200 warm 4

1,614

Legend: I = Posted (Private) 3 = Trout Stocked 2 = State Owned 4 = Warm Water Species Stocked

Game Resources: Most of the county is considered a Calculated Total Deer Take by License Type, 1966 good range for white-tailed deer: however, the northeastern corner and a small area in the southwestern corner are License Type Calculated Total Deer considered excellent. There are few or no pheasants and the grouse range ib fair to good. Cottontail rabbit and varying Regular 915 harehavefairandfairto poor ranges, respectively. Archer 10 Waterfowl are not a significant resource. Party Permit 448

Total 1,373

39 Winter Recreation Resources Town of Chenango: Mean temperatures in January range between 21 and Hyde!. Park, 10 acres, contains a playground, basketball 25degrees,buttheaverage isclosertothehigher court, baseball and Little League field. temperature. The mean seasonal snowfall range varies from under 40 inches in the valleys created by the Susquehanna, Town of Maine: Delaware, and Chenango rivers to more than 80 inches in Town Park, 37 acres, contains a playground, swimming other portions. pool, softball, baseball and Little League fields, picnic areas A lack of areas with the vertical descent to provide and a covered bandstand. challengingslopesforintermediateandexpertskiers militates againstthe county's becoming amajor skiing center. The presence of four ski areas indicates the impact QUASI-PUBLIC AND PRIVATE RECREATION FACILITIES of the large population concentration in the Binghamton area rather than abundant natural resources. Winter sport Quasi-Public Recreation activities other than skiing can be supported by natural Boy Scouts: conditions on areas above the valley floor. Tuscarora Camp Town of Windsor

Girl Scouts: CITY, VILLAGE AND TOWN Amahami Camp Town of Deposit. OUTDOOR RECREATION FACILITIES Hardy Hill Camp (day camp) Town of Maine. Wehikit (day camp) Village of Johnson City. City of Binghamton: ElyPark, 368 acres, hasa clubhouse, restaurant, Social Agency: 18-hole regulation course and an 18-hole par-three course. Cat.tp Neerby (day camp) Town of Ross Park. 66 acres, has a concession stand, play- Binghamton YMCA. ground, wading pool, carousel and zoo. Sertoma (day camp) Town of Kirkwood- Total park and recreation land including these is 632 Binghamton Boys Club. acres.

Village of Endicott: Private Recreation Areas Roundhill Park, 33 acres, has walkways and a view. Family Camping: Sunset Lake Campground near Village of Grippen Park, 22 acres, is under construction. Harpursville (Gerald K. Clark), 125 sites Union Park, 18.5 acres, contains a playground and two baseball diamonds. Belden Manor near Village of Harpursville (Glenn A. Fahs), 100 sites GeorgeF. Johnson Park,ISacres, includes playgrounds, a wading pool, swimming pool, basketball court, Guest ward Ho near Village of Deposit two baseball fields, a Little League field, tennis courts and a (Mr. & Mrs. Edwin Wist ), 50 sites carousel. Kunzman's Pond near Village of Union Center Total park and recreation land including these is 237 (Robert and Josephine Kunzman). acres. Dean's Pond near Village of Marathon (Dr. and Mrs. Charles Leahy). Village of Johnson City: Northside Recreation Park, 14 acres, contains play- Pine ('rest Lodge near Village of Windsor grounds, a wading pool, basketball courts, softball, baseball (Robert J. Sherman ). 70 sites. and LittleLeague fields, tennis courts, ice skating and Pine Valley Campground near Village of Endicott, picnic areas. 50 sites. Total park and recreation land including above is 34 acres. Madden's Picnic Grounds near Village of Vestal (K. Madden). Village of Windsor: Merritt Knapp Park,10 acres, has playgrounds, a Group Camping (children and/or adults): wading pool, swimming pool, a Little League field and Big Island (children) Town of Binghamton. picnic areas. 40 Indian Trail Camp (children) Town of Broome County. In 1907. the County Board of Supervisors Binghamton. instituted a design competition for a Cultural Center. also to be in Binghamton. The winning architectural firm 'ills Lowy Farm ('amp (children) Town of Windsor. been selected and construction should commence in the Camp Arbak (children's day camp) Town of nearfuture. Thisproposed two-building complex will Conklin. contain an auditorium for civic and commercial events and a performing arts building. Vacation Farms: Mar-Lyn Farms near Village of Deposit. RobersonMemorialCenter Thecenteroffers Outlook Farm Guest House (adults-private) resources. instruction. facilities and stimulus for cultural near Village of Windsor. activity. Itis regional in impact as its resources are utilized by people and groups from an 11-county area in the upper Shooting Preserves*: valleyoftheSusquehannaRiverinNew York and Pennsylvania. The year ending June 30. 1903, showed a ('lass B total attendance of 104.170. Edgar B. Parsons. Jr. Town of Windsor. Architect Richard J. Neutra has prepared plans for a ('lass C three preserves. new building and the first phase is completed. Regulation Golf Courses Open to Public: The center houses permanent collections of history and artand ntw-,roussocieties.facilitiesfor 41affiliated Hanson's Village of Deposit educationalandculturalorganizationsincludingsym - (Oquga Lake). 9 holes. phonic. choral and theatrical groups and instruction in art, Scott's Village of Deposit. 9 holes. science, music. dance, drama and photography fur children Ford Hill Village of Whitney Point. 18 holes. and adults. Windsor Village of Windsor, 9 holes. The Center functios as a clearing houseforall performing arts programs and major exhibitions in the area Belden Hill Village of Harpursville, 9 holes. Ely Park (municipal) City of Binghamton, Civic Music Association Sponsors concerts by leading 18 holes. artists, Chenango Valley State Park (State Division of Parks) 18 holes. Community Symphony Society, Inc. and Choral Society of the Triple Cities These sponsor concerts by local amateur Enjoie Golf Course (municipal) and professional musicians and by professional artists. Village of Endicott, 18 holes. Tri-Cities Opera Workshop, Inc. This semi- professional Par 3 Golf Courses: group presents grand opera fully staged wilh orchestra. Ely Park (municipal) City of Binghamton. costumes and scenery. Itis ranked in the top 10 of some 18 holes. 700professional.semi- professional and amateur opera Ski Areas: groups in the country. Innsbruck USA south of Binghamton. Tours of Endicott Johnson Factories, Endicott. N.Y. Joe Berry Ski School Stone Road, Binghamton. Thunderbird Mountain Route 17, Slocum Water Gardens, Binghamton, N.Y. east of Binghamton. Zoo, Binghamton, N.Y. Smith Hill on Smith Road off Route II north of Binghamton. Higher Education Institutions CULTURAL AND HISTORIC RESOURCES SUNY at Binghamton, Town of Vestal, Commentary: TheRobersonMemorialCenterin Broome Technical Community College. Binghamton is the major source of cultural activities within Existing Federal, State and County Facilities *Class A preserves are commercial and open to the public for a fee; Outdoor recreational facilities owned or operated Class 13 are operated by non-profit clubs or organizations for members and guests only; Class C are private, limited to owners' by federal, state or county agencies are listed in Tables families and invited guests. V and VI.

41 Cattaraugus County Conewango Swamp, located south of South Dayton. Having primary value as a wildlife sanctuary, this swamp occupies NATURAL RESOURCE BASE nearly 1,000 acres.

Scenic and Water Resources Bird Swamp, Town of Machias. This area contains approxi- Topography: Major topographic interest is located on mately 1.000 acres of laud. The location of the B & 0 the unglaciated portion in the southern part of the county. Railroad through the center of the swamp precludes its Here is rugged landscape approaching that of the Catskill possible development as a lake site. foothills. This section is heavily forested. To the north, a There is also a large swamp area immediately east of lessdramaticlandscapeprevails. The AlleghenyRiver South Vandalia in the Town of Allegany. Valley is the most pronounced of the county's valleys due to its passage through the most rugged topographic area. Rivers and Streams: The principal rivers and streams are Othersignificantvalleys are those associatedwith the Allegheny River and Conewango. Little Valley and Conewango Creek, Little Valley Creek. Great Forks Creek. Ischua Creeks. Much of the Conewango Valley is semi- Ischua ('reek and Cattaraugus Creek. marsh land and is poorly drained. Other special land form areas are: Lakesand Reservoirs: Largestbodyofwater in Zoar Valley Area, located along Cattaraugus Creek, and Cattaraugus County is the portion of Allegheny Reservoir formingthenorthernboundaryofthe county,isa that hacks up into New York State, producing a recreation prominent gorge. Ithas picturesque waterfalls, a rugged pool of 4.000 acres. The largest lake in the county is Lime escarpment, and is predominantly forest land. The tributary Lake which covers nearly 200 surface acres. The shoreline is gorges of South Branch. Waterman Brook and Connois- completely inprivate development with the periphery sarauley are also scenic though less accessible. surrounded by seasonal cottages.

Deer Lick Nature Sanctuary, located 4 miles southeast of Fish and Game Resources Gowanda. This areais a 500- Coot -long segment of the Fishery Resources: Cat taraugusCounty has a Cattaraugus Creek Gorge (Liar Valley) which illustrates fairly good stream fishery, but is lacking in lakes and pond formation of the Onandaga Escarpment in exposed stratifi- acreage. The recently completed Allegheny Reservoir will cations. The site is unique because of its interpretive clarity help the situation once a fishery is established in this body of rock stratifications of geological interest. Of additional of water, 4.000 acres of which arein New York State. scenic and ecological value is an existing 250-acre stand of MajortroutstreamsincludeCattaraugus, Conewango, mature northern hardwood forest. Elton, Five Mile and Ischua Creeks. Trout fishing is also Allegany State Park. This is the largest park in New York's available in some of the lakes. Warm water species include smallmouth and largemouth bass. walleye pike, northern state park system.Itisheavily forested and of rugged topography. From the Rock Tower, located on a high pike, and an attempt is being made to establish muskellunge knoll, scenic views of peaks and valleys can be seen. There in Allegheny Reservoir. are rock formations at Thunder Rocks. Quaker and Red At the present time some of the more important rivers House Lakes are also located within the park. There are and streams inthe area are affected by pollution. An miles of trails, scenic drives, and space for tent, trailer and important example of this is the Allegheny River. The value cabin camping. of this fishery as well as others is obviously dependent upon the degree or purity of the water resource. As is the case Little Rock City, Town of Little Valley. This area displays throughoutmost of the14counties, there are many large rock formations, and it is predominantly undeveloped. potential impoundment sites. Implementation of a selected number of these would enhance the fishing resources of the Rock City Park, Town of Allegany. This commercially county. developed area is a glacial deposit of huge quartz conglom- erate rocks. Total Stocked Trout Waters:

Chapel Hill Lookout, Town of Humphrey. This undevel- Streams 151.7 miles oped site is a high overlook offering views of a long valley. Likes and Ponds 1444.0 acres

Swamps: Total Stocked Muskellunge Waters: Waterman Swamp, Town of Napoli. This large bog area with a small pond developed at one end is mostly unused. Streams 39.5 miles

42 Winter Recreation l'esources Fishing Right Easements Mean teirperatores in January range between 21 and 25 degrees. There t' a great deal of geographic variation in mean tempe-ature, however, due tothe irregularity of Stream Total Miles topographic formaticns. The mean seasonal snowfall ranges between 40 to 60: in the valleys created by the Beaver Meadows Creek 3.0 Allegany River. Oh!tin and Oil Creeks. Other areas range Cat taraugus Creek bet%Veell SO and 16(1 indies of snowfall. Clear Creek (Arcade) 3.5 Elton Creek Topographicall, the southern third of Cattaraugus South Branch Cat t araugus Creek1.5 County provides th::2 most suitable areas for the develop- Clear Creek 1.0 ment of skiing facilities. In terms of snowfall. most of the Ischua Creek 5.0 countyreceivestillfiCielltmeanseasonalsnowfallto supportvarious Lime Lake Outlet 1.75 winterrecreationalactivities,suchas Little Conewango Creek 8.75 snowmobile use, sledding, and tobogganing. The southern Mansfield Creek 4.0 third of the county has numerous areas where at least 600 McKistry Creek 2.5 feet of vertical descent can he obtained. While this is a minimum criterion. the combination of reasonably good Total 36.25 topographic conditions. together with adequate Amounts of snowfall has resulted in the establishment off ski areas within the county.

Lakes and Ponds 10 Acres or Larger in Size: Warm or Cold Water Lake Acres Species Remarks

Allegheny Reservoir 4.000 (in NYS)warm and cold Total13.000 acres Beaver Lake 15 warm Crystal Lake 40 warm Gates Lake 80 cold To he completed 8/31/7) as part of Iscldia Creek watershed plan. (3) Harwood Lake 38 cold Lime Lake 156 warm Mushier Hollow 50 cold Scheduled for construction in 1972 as part of Conewango Creek watershed plan. Quaker Lake 270 cold In Allegany State Park. Recently constructed. filled and stocked. Little Firers, a movie On fish .stocking operations, was Red House Lake 90 warm and cold filmed her:. (2, 3) Sucker Pond I0 warM

4,849

Legend: 1 = Posted (Private 3 = Trout Stocked 2 = State Owned 4 = Warm Water Specie, Stocked

43 EXISTING CITY, VILLAGE AND TOWN Private Recreation Areas OUTDOOR RECREATION FACILITIES Family Canipmg: Arrowhead Camping Areanear Village of Delevan City of Olean (Merrill R. Bull), 280 sites. The city owns 17 sitestotalling approximately 92 Lazee Acres Camping Area near Village of Otto acres. ThereisaLittle League field, baseball field, a municipal swimming pool and a 4,500 seat stadium. (Nelson & James Wulf), 100 sites Wood Ridge Camping Area near Village of Little City of Salamanca Valley (Ronald Beebe), 100 sites. The city has 69 acres of park land, Zoar Valley Campsitenear Village of Gowanda (Bill Elliott), 200 sites. Valley View Camping Area near Village of Ischua EXISTING QUASI - PUBLIC AND PRIVATE FACILITIES (Joseph & Catherine Kellner), 125 sites. Lyndon Parknear Village of Ischua Quasi-Public Recreation (Harold & Robert Losey), 200 sites. Boy Scouts: Canadian Hill Recreationnear Village of Machias Scouthaven Town of Freedom. (Carl S. Munn). Tomahawknear Village of Great Valley Girl Scouts: (Paul L. Synder), Timbercrest Town of Randolph. Zoar Valley CanipTown of Otto. Timber Lake near Village of East Otto (Richard J. Weishon), 200 sites. Campfire Girls: Rainbow Lake Recreation Area Honey Brook CampTown of Olean. near Village of Ellicottville on Rainbow Lake (Robert Westfield). Educational: Stanley Shields near Village of Randolph. Buffalo State Teachers College Camp (faculty & students)Towns of Lyndon Robert J. Warner near Village of Delevan and Franklinville. on Beaver Lake. Welch's Grove near Village of East Otto Church: (Charles & Geri Welch). Canip JYC (children and adult resident camp) near Village of Delevan Town of Franklinville. Woodland Camping (Ira Z, Williams). Canip Lakeland Town of Machias, Maplemor Camping Area near Village of Ischua Camp LI-L0-1.1, Inc. Town of Red House, (L. Briggs & S. Mazierski), Camp Valley View Town of Ellicottville. Clyde Peterson near Village of Little Valley. Chautauqua-Olean Camp Meeting Association Dinosaur Park near City of Olean Town of New Albion. (Richard Miller). Town of Allegany. Cherry Valley Ranch Mobile Manor near City of Salamanca Christian Heights, Inc.Town of Napoli. (Douglas Haines). Odosagih Bible Conference Town of Machias. Cloud Nine Park near City of Olean Presbyterian Conference Cel ler (Montgomery Shoemaker). Town of Yorkshire. Group Camping (children and/or adults): Nature Conservancies & Sanctuaries: Amity Hill Campground Town of Leon. Deer Lick Nature Sanctuary Town of Persia Camp SKWIM, Inc, (The Nature Conservancy). (summer youth resident camp) Franklinville Conservation Club Town of Humphrey. (not open to public) Camp V(CKTown of Freedom. Town of Franklinville.

44 b Vacation Farms: Higher Education Institutions Frame Housenear Village of Randolph St. Bonaventure University, Allegany, N.Y. This is the (Dick and :lean Frame). only Franciscan University in the world though there are a number of Franciscan colleges. The institution has been Shooting Preserves: operating far over 100 years (Estab. in 1858). The Fr iedson Class A Memorial Library located on the campus contains many Reiss Game Park Town of Portviile (Dona Reiss). valuable pi linings and manuscripts. A planned Fine Arts Class B Center will be constructed on the University grounds by the Coldspring Hunting Preserve Town of Coldspring Cattaraugus County Board of Cooperative Educational (Howard Napier, Pres.). Services in cooperation with the University. The Center will containai ,500-seat and a500-seattheatre, thawing, Class C painting. scu'pture and ceramics studios, a fine arts library 3 preserves. and space foe a photographic dark room. A large galery is planned.Inaddition, spaceisprovided for a scenery Regulation Golf Courses Open to Public workshop, or hestra rehearsal and dressing room. Conewango Forl:s Village of Randolph. 18 holes. St. BonaventureSt. Bonaventure University, Board of Cooperative Educational Services Plans are Village of Allegany, 9 holes. underwayforaneducationalparktobelocatedin Ellicottville. Facilities to be included would be an educa- Holiday Valley Village of Ellicottville, 9 holes. tionaltelevision network to serve the schools and the Ischua Valley Golf CourseVillage of Franklinville, general public an outdoor education program for school 9 holes. pupils and occupational educationcenters. A summer educational-recreational program is also envisioned. (Members Only) Birch Run Country Club Town of Allegany, 9 holes. Indian Culture The county contains all of the Allegany Elkdale Country Club Town of Little Valley. 18 holes. IndianReservationlocated adjacenttothe Allegheny Reservoir. portions of the Cattaraugus Indian Reservation Bartlett Country Club Town of Olean. 18 holes. and Seneca Oil Spring Reservation. Tht major cultural attraction will be the proposed lroquoia. It is to be located Ski Areas (includes publicly owned): on a site near the reservoir, south of Steamburg. To quote Grosstal 3 mfes northwest of Village of Allegany. fromtheFreliminaryReportofIroquoiaPlanning Holiday Valley near Village of Ellicottville. Committee: Holimont ne ir Village of Ellicottville. The proposed "Iroquoia"isaliving museum and Allegany State Park Big Basin area. cultural center which ip some respects follows the Allegany State Park Bova ar'a. patternofcolonialWilliamsburg.Cooperstown. Sturbridge Village and other historic travel attractions Amusement Parks & Special Feature Areas: devised to serve an educational purpose. In many ways Fentier Village near City of Salamanca. it would be unique. It would be the only place of its kind in the Eastern United States where American and Rock City Park near City of Olean (N.A. Cummingham). foreignvisitors could study the Iroquois culture in depth, with enough activities to hold the visitor's Excursion frains attention for a day or more. Arcade and Attica Railroad near Village of Arcade. A priraary objective of Iroquoia would be to give the Seneca Nation aviable economy and to enable its memberstoearnalivelihoodthroughtheir own effork. EXISTING CULTURAL AND HISTORIC RESOURCES Mound Builders The Randolph-Conewango area is the Commentary: BonaventureUniversity'sFineArts location athabited by ancient mound builders priorto Center and the Iroquoia Hisotirc-Cultural complex to be Indian occupation. constructed by the Seneca Indian Nation are the currently proposed cultur Iattractions having the greatest regional Oil Industry This industry played an important role in implications for Cattaraugus County. the early settlement of the county. The first subterranean 45 oil strike in New York State occurred in 1832 in the Town crate, usually broken to form deep crevices, caves and Jens. of Freedom. Olean at one time had the largest oil refinery It is in private ownership and admission is charged. in the county. Ridge line, southwest and roughly paralleling Lake Erie Allegany City This proposed "new town" of the 1840's shore. From this high ground many vistas can be enjoyed of was the dream of Nicholas Devereux of' Utica, New York. the Lake Erie Plain, the grape vineyards on the slopes and Thecitywastobethe hub fortransportation and LakeErie.Certainlocations provide views to Canada. communication and was to have an institution of higher learning.Itwas surveyed and completed on paper, but Chautauqua Gorge, extending along Chautauqua Creek alteration in the proposed original alignment of the Erie inland from Westfield. The rugged and deeply incised scenic Railroad and the decision to terminate the Genesee Valley gorgeis more than 200 feet deep in some places. High Canal at Millgrove caused the project to be abandoned. St. ground above the gorge affords many scenic views. Bonaventure University was the only portion of the plan that came to fruition. Rocky Cliffs. The shoreline here is generally rugged with many locations exhibiting shale cliffs and steep escarpments descending to the water's edge. Civic Music Association This organization, located in the City of Olean, brings in musical talent. Barcelona Harbor. This commercial fishing port provides an interesting panorama of harbor activity. County Museum Located in Little Valley, this museum contains a collection of Indian relics and an exhibit on the Rivers andStreams: Therearemany picturesque early mound builders. streams in the hilly terrain which have created deep glens and scenic waterfalls. One of theseis Arkwright Falls. Western New York Nuclear Service Center This facility, Particularly noteworthy, itis located on Canadaway Creek dedicated in 1966, is the world's first private nuclear fuel near the hamlet of Arkwright. The streams in the northern reprocessing plant. The 3,300-acre facility is located near part of the county cut through shale rock, creating deep West Valley. ravines and gorges whilethe streams inthe southern sections are of a more placid nature. Conewango Creek is a Amish CommunitiesTown of Leon and Conewango. scenic stream thatis navigable for canoeing, rowing and motor boating.

EXISTING FEDERAL, STATE AND COUNTY FACILITIES Twenty-Mile Creek Valley, located south of Ripley. A Outdoor recreationalfacilitiesownedor operated by rugged valley containing considerable scenic value due to its federal, state or county agencies are listed in Tables V and steep topography and wooded areas. VI. French and Conewango Creek Basins.The high grounds associated with these basins afford numerous scenic over- Chautauqua County looks.

NATURAL RESOURCE BASE Lakes:

Scenic and Water Resources Lake Erie. The county's northwestern edge is comprised of Topography: The county lies astride two major land- 4! miles of Lake Erie shoreline. The lake, though polluted, form regions:theErieLakePlain and the Allegheny is a significant scenic asset. Summer cottage colonies exist Plateau. The high ground paralleling the Lake Erie shore, at scattered points along the lake shore. inland from the plain, affords many dramatic views. The upland area exhibits rolling topography with little visual Clynitauqua Lake. This body of water is approximately 18 variation except for the deeply incised valleys created by miles long with about 41 miles of shoreline and a water Twenty-Mile, Chautauqua and Canadaway creeks. The surface of 12,700 acres. Itis a major focal point for all dominant physical feature in the county is Chautauqua types of water-oriented outdoor recreation and famed Lake. Chautauqua Institute is located on its northwestern shore.

Other special land form areas are: Cassadaga Lake Chain. This chain of lakes is interconnected Panama Rocks, just west of Panama on Route 74. This is an by waterways navigable for small boats including inboard erupted ocean floor with many acres of Olean conglom- and outboard motor boats.

46 U Bear Lake and Findley Lake. Though each lake is a scenic forwarm waterfishingareCassadaga, Chautauqua, asset, neither has any publicly owned recreational frontage. Conewango, Mill and Twenty-Mile Creeks. Perhaps the best fishery resource, however, isthe Fish and Game Resources muskellunge fishing providedin Chautauqua Lake and Fishery Resources: There is, compared with nearby other smaller lakes and some streams. Nearly half of those counties, arelative abundance of fisheryresources in fishing for muskellunge in the county reside more than 21/2 Chautauqua County. Thisis due in large partto the hours drive from the lake. presence of Chautauqua Lake and access to Lake Erie. The Warm water species, in addition to the muskellunge, county also has a number of good streams affording both include 2mallmouth and largemouth bass, walleye pike and cold and warm water fishing. Prominent among the latter calico bass. Fishing Right Easements: Total Stocked Trout Waters:

Streams Total Miles Streams 86.8 miles Lakes and Ponds 14.0 acres Chautauqua Creek 3.0 Cassadaga Creek 3.0 Clear Creek 12.0 Total Stocked Muskellunge Waters: Goose Creek 5.5 Streams 19.5 miles Total 23.5 Lakes and Ponds 14,672.0 acres

Lakes and Ponds 10 Acres or Larger in Size: Warm or Cold Water Lake Acres Species Remarks

Bear Lake 141 warm 4, muskellunge Cassadaga Lake (Lower) 100 warm 4, muskellunge Cassadaga Lake (Middle) 32 warm 4, muskellunge Cassadaga Lake (Upper) 100 warm 4, muskellunge Chautauqua Lake 13,376 warm 4, muskellunge East Mud Lake 25 warm Findley Lake 275 warm 4, muskellunge

Fredonia Reservoir 30 warm 1 Hamlet Lake 850 warm To be constructed in near future as part of Conewango Creek Watershed. Hurlbert Pond (Clymer Pond) l0 warm Jenkins Pond (Jaquins Pond) 104 warm Panama Pond (Tanner Pond) 19 warm Silver Creek Reservoir cold 1.3 Smith Mills Pond 10 warm

Stillson's Pond 25 cold and warm 1 West Mud Lake 19 warm

15,186

Legend: 1 = Posted (Private) 3 = Trout Stocked 2 = State Owned 4 = Warm Water Species Stocked

47 !--1 1 Game Resources: Small game animals in the county demanded by the ski industry. It should be noted that are pheasant, grouse, turkey, woodcock, cottontail rabbit, while topographic characteristics do not lend themselves to varying hare and squirrels. The county is located on two major ski centers, the generally hilly terrain and abundant ecological zones with respect to game: the Erie Lake Plain snowfall could be utilized to develop slopes attractive to and the Plateau. The Erie Lake Plain contains the farm novice skiers and for the use of those who do not wish to game species, while the Plateau regions have more of the travel great distances to go skiing. The county presently has woodlandspecies.AsisthecaseinAllegany and three ski areas. Cattaraugus counties, the ruffed grouse and wild turkey are the two most important small game species. The only big game available in any abundance is deer. EXISTING CITY, VILLAGEAND TOWN Bear populations are minimal and it is doubtful that they OUTDOOR RECREATION FACILITIES will ever attain any major significance. City of Jamestown Waterfowl habitatis only fair and its improvement The city has 17 sites consisting of 400 acres. Facilities would notgreatlyincreasethewaterfowl population because the county is located on the outer fringes of the include playgrounds, ballfields, a 9-hole golf course, tennis courts, a boat launching site, a beach, swimming pool and flywaysgenerally usedbythesemigratorybirds. Occasionally, there are deviations from the usual path. Most ice skating rinks. years the inland shooting on small marshes and ponds is over by mid-November. Some late season hunting for City of Dunkirk waterfowl, however, is available along Lake Erie and the Dunkirk has 4 sitesconsisting of 128 acres. The largerinlandwaterssuchasChautauquaLake and facilities include playgrounds, ballfields, tennis courts, boat Cassadaga Lake. launching sites, picnic areas, beach, swimming pool and ice skating rinks. The city owns the largest total recreational frontage on lake Erie, though it is not all continuous. Calculated Total Deer Take by License Type, 1966 Village of Bemus Point License Type Calculated Total Deer The village maintains a municipal beach on Chautauqua Lake. Regular 748 Archer 32 Village of Brocton Party Permit 597 A municipal beach.

Total 1,377 Village of Cassadaga Beach on Lower Cassadaga Lake has 400 feet of frontage with swimming and picnicing. Winter Recreation Resources Village of Lakewood Mean temperatures in January are 25 degrees throughout most of Chautauqua County while the mean seasonal A municipal beach on Lake Chautauqua. snowfall exhibits a wide range of depth distribution. The narrow belt adjacent to and paralleling Lake Erie ranges Village of Mayville between 40 and 60 inches of mean seasonal snowfall. A municipal beach and park on Chautauqua Lake. Another belt, paralleling the foregoing, receives between 60 and 80 inches, while a third receives between 80 and 100 Town of Hanover inches. The latter amount also obtains in the valley created Town is planning a marina and boat launching facility by Conewango Creek, situated in the southeast quadrant of on Cattaraugus Creek, in addition to its present beach. the county. The remainder of the county has mean seasonal snowfall from 100 inches to in excess of 160 inches. Topographically, the county has a limited number of EXISTING QUASI-PUBLIC AND locations having 600 feet or more of vertical descent. PRIVATE RECREATION FACILITIES Therefore, thoughsnowfallis abundant, major skiing opportunities are limited by this topographic restriction. Quasi Public Recreation The winter resources are, however, suitable for the develop- Boy Scouts: ment of other winter activities not requiring the conditions Camp Merz Town of Chautauqua.

48 Ball Hill Camp Town of Hanover. Smith's Sugar Camp near Village of Cassadaga Camp Gross Town of Pomfret. (V. Smith), 10 sites Blue Water Beach near Village of Barcelona Girl Scouts: (R. Swick), 85 sites. Isaac Walton Conservation Camp (G.S. Camp) Town of Harmony. Vinnie Ville Trailer Park near Village of Westfield, 16 sites. Camp Woodelohi Town of Pomfret. Top-A-Rise Camping Area near Village of Falconer Social Agency: (V. Beightol), 50 sites. Camp Onyahsa Town of Chautauqua YMCA. Alpine Lakes near Village of Silver Creek Y Camp in the WoodsTown of Stockton YMCA. (W. Paxada). Educational: Brookside Beach near Village of Westfield Herbert C. Mackie Memorial Camp (C. Henderson), 35 sites. (Faculty Student Association, Twenty-Mile Recreation Area near Village of Fredonia College)Town of Portland. Westfield (J. Dean). Church: The Swinging `E' near Village of Clymer. Bettrany Baptist CampTown of Chautauqua. Mid-Meadow Town of Chautauqua. Wildwood Acres near Village of Bemus Point Cherry Creek Methodist Church Camp (D. Olson). Town of Cherry Creek. Grapeland Motel Campsites near Village of Ripley. "Boys" Jim Club of America Town of Ellery. Smith's Fishing Camp near Village of Mayville Lake Chautauqua Lutheran CampTown of Ellery. Mission Meadows Bible CampTown of Ellery. (E. Smith). Camp Goodwill Town of Ellery. Walt's Boat Livery near Village of Portland Lauriston L. Scaife Conference Center (W. Main). Town of Ellery. Chestnut Hill Conference Center Group Camping (children and/or adults): Town of North Harmony. Viking Lake Park I own of Ellery Camp FindleyTown of Mina. (Viking Temple Corporation). Hiak Tilikum CampTown of Ellicott (Jamestown Girls Club, Inc.). )rivate Recreation Areas Family Camping: Shooting Preserves: Hidden Valley Camping Area Class A near City of Jamestown (K. Dahlgren), 200 sites. Butler Valley Hunting PreserveTown of Harmony Leo M. Denault near Village of Mayville. (Ernest Butler). Arkwright Hills Campsite Class B near Village of Fredonia (R. Dobbins), 50 sites. Smithmills Game 'Farm Town of Hanover Spring Creek Camp (Harold Jordan). near Village of Bemus Point (E. Dye). Class C 1 preserve. IrvinsBeach near Village of Ripley. Lakeside Camping Marinas & Boat Liveries: near Village of Stow (R. Kanouff), 50 sites. Frederickson's Marina Ahsville Bay. Norton Boat LiveryVillage of Bemus Point. Edgewater Tourist Campnear Village of Barcelona Shore Acres Boat Yard Village of Bemus Point. (J. Neratko), 40 sites Lakeside Auto Court Ferry Landing. Newt SpinkF Campnear Village of Sherman Chautauqua Lake Boat Yard Village of Mayville. (Newt Spink), 50 sites. Topsy's Boat Livery Village of Mayville. Marchcraft Marina Village of Mayville. Panama Rocks near Village of Westfield. Keith's Kamp-Launching Ramp Village of Mayville. Westfield Trailer Parknear Village of Westfield. Maple Bay Marin.: Village of Lakewood. 49 Boat Tours & Ferry Boat Crossings: Chautauqua Institution Institute presents a program of Gadfly Passenger and Charter Services. Inc. orchestras, operas, education, youth leadership and train- Chautauqua Institute. ing, art, religious thinking and recreation. It has its own Bemus Point-Stow Ferry runs between villages symphony orchestra, opera company and theatrical group. of Bemus Point and Stow across Chautauqua Lake. Lily Dale Spiritualistic Assembly, Upper Cassadaga Lake Regulation Golf Courses Open to Public Purported to be the largest center in the world for the Bemus Point Village of Bemus Point. 9 holes. religion of Spiritualism. A summer colony for persons interested in psychic phenomena. Chautauqua Golf Club Chautauqua. 18 holes. Forest HeightsCity of Jamestown, 9 holes. Chautauqua County Historical Museum (Mc Clurg Mansion. 1820), Westfield This museum contains mementos, relics, Ma plehurst Country Club Village of Lakewood, costumes and tools of the pioneer days. and features a 18 holes. complete history of the grape industry. Point Chautauqua Country Club, Inc. This is fur- Point Chautauqua, 9 holes. French Creek Yonkers Museum, Sherman nished as a home of the early 19th century period. It also Irwin's Beach Ripley. 9 holes. containsIndianrelics,earlyAmericancostumes and Willow Run Golf Course near Chautauqua Institute, mementos of pioneer America. 9 holes. Sherman Museum, Sherman Dwelling, schoolhouse, Jamestown (municipal)City of Jamestown. 9 holes. buggy shed, log dwelling (1750) furnished with antiques. Hillview Goif Course Village of Fredonia, 18 holes. Cil,sadaga Country Club Village of Cassadaga, 9 holes. Barcelona Lighthouse (1828). Barcelona First lighthouse tobe illuminated with naturalgas. The lighthouseis 81A)rewood Country Club (Members Only) adjacent to Barcelona Haioor on Lake Eric. also of interest near City of Dunkirk, 18 holes. because of its commercial fishing activity.

Ski Areas: Point Gratiot Lighthouse (1827). Dunkirk. Cockaigne 5 miles cast of Sinclairvilie. Peek 'n Peak between Clymer and Findley Lake. Grape Vineyards and Industry The vineyards extend Eagle Ridge near Village of Westfield. along the Eric Plains and into the adjacent ridge area. Conducted tours of wineries are offered in Fredonia. Most Amusement Parks and Special Features Areas: of the grapes, however. are used for juices and other Midway Park, Inc. Maple Springs. nonalcoholic products. Westfield is the center of the grape Panama Rocks 10 miles west of Jamestown on juice industry in Chautauqua County. Roote 74. Sunset Bay Park Irving. Annual Tulip Festival, Clymer Local citizens inthis traditionallyDutchcommunity donDutchcostumes including wooden shoes for a day-long pageant and street dancing. Main attraction of thefestivalarethetulip EXISTING CULTURAL AND HISTORIC RESOURCES displays.

Commentary The most significant cultural attraction First Natural Gas Well in New York State (1821). Fredonia. inChautauqua Countyisthe Chautauqua Institution. Nationally known, it provides a well-balanced program in Grange No. One, Fredonia This organization had its the arts and education as well as summer recreation. genesis in Fredonia in 1868 and has since spread throughout the country. The present building on West Main Street Higher Education Institutions stands on the site of the original Grange Hall. Chautauqua Center of the Graduate School of Syracuse University. FirstWomen'sChristianTemperance Union(1873), Jamestown Community College. Fredonia. SUNY College of Education, Fredonia. Old Portage Trail Begins on shores of Lake Erie and Indian Culture A portion of the Cattaraugus Reservation passes through the Chautauqua Gorge to Chautauqua Lake. is located in the northeast corner of the county. It ends in New Orleans, Louisiana.

50 EXISTING FEDERAL, STATE AND COUNTY FACILITIES Fish and Game Resources Fishery Resources: There are four streams stocked Ontdoor recreational facilities owned or operated by with cold water species. In addition. three existing lakes federal, state or county agencies are listed in Tables V and and ponds, and one partially completed lake over ten acres VI. in size, are available as a fishery resource. Two of these are posted. Thus, the county is extremely limited with respect Chemung County to its fishery resources. The most prominent cold water stream in the county is NATURAL RESOURCE BASE Catharine Creek. This attracts many anglers each spring. Must of the fishing occurs in the northern reaches of the Scenic and Water Resources stream near Schuyler County. Topography: The topography of Chemung County is moderately rugged and characterized by flat-topped hills and broad valleys. The most dominant valley complex is Fishing Right Easements: that associated with the Big Flats, Horseheads, Build and Chemung valleys. These are locatedin the west-central Stream Total Miles section of the county. There are numerous hilltops which afford views of this major valley complex. The stream Catharine Creek valleys of Baldwin, Wynkupp, Seely and Catharine creeks I .5 are quite deeply incised and offer interesting topographic Total I.5 variances. Cayuta Creek. which forms the eastern boundary of the county, also creates a topographically interesting valley configuration. A dominant topographic eminence is Harris Hill, which lies directly northwest from Elmira, and is completely surrounded by flat valley land. From the high Total Stocked Trout Waters: ground of this hill a wide variety of views of the valleys and surroundingareacanbeseen.HarrisHillis known Streams 13.7 miles throughout the country for the excellence of the wind Ponds and Lakes Nurse currents in the area for the sport of soaring.

Rivers and Streams: The Chemung River is the only one in the county. Major streams include Seely. Catharine, Game Resources: The white tailed deer is the only big Newtown, Baldwin, Wynkuop and Cayuta creeks. game available in any numbers in the county. The range fur deerisconsidered good; for small game. the rangeis Lakes: Therearefour smalllakesinthe county generallylair for cottontail rabbit and fair to poor for exceeding 10 acres in size. None of these are of major varyinghare.Pheasants and waterfowlare extremely recreational significance. limited.

Lakes and Ponds 10 Acres or Larger in Size:

Warm or Cold Water Lake Acres Species Remarks

Eldridge Lake 15 warm Elmira Reservoir 25 Water supply res. Park Station Lake 100 Trout are scheduled for this lake when completed Reformatory Pond 10

Total 150

51 Village of Horseheads Calculated Total Deer Take by License Type, 1966 Thorn Park, 25 acres Has a lighted swimming pool, 4 lighted tennis courts, 2 basketabll courts (1lighted), 3 License Type Calculated Total Deer baseball fields (1 lighted), a playground. picnic area with shelter and a concession stand. Regular 537 Archer 13 Town of Big Flats Party Permit 394 Community Park, 20 acres This park contains a picnicareawith a shelter,playground. multi-purpose Total 944 blacktop area, tennis courts and ice skating and 3 softball diamonds. Winter RecreationResources Town of Southport Mean temperatures in January range between 23 and 25 degrees, with most of Chemung County falling at the Chapel Park, 22 acres This area has a playground, warmer end of the range. Mean seasonal snowfall is between picnic area with shelter, 2 softball diamonds, a tennis court 40 and 60 inches in the wide valleys such as that created by area which can also be used for basketball. the Chemung River, the valley extending north from Elmira Universal Village, 16 acres Contains a playground, a to the county line, and the valley associated with Cayuta shelterfor arts and crafts, a picnic area, two softball Creek. Other portions of the county range between 60 and diamonds, and tenniscourts which arealso used for 80 inches, with the exception of the Turkey Hill area where basketball. the range is between 80 and 100 inches. There are areas m the more rugged parts of the county which are suitable Pine City Park, 18 acres A new park as yet not fully topographically to the minimum requirements of ski slopes, developed, but containing a playground, a ball diamond and providing snowfall is sufficient. The higher range of 60 to a shelter. 80 inches of mean seasonal snowfall is associated with these areas; however, this range particularly at the lower end of the scale is minimal for ski development. EXISTING QUASI-PUBLIC AND PRIVATE RECREATION FACILITIES Opportunities for other types of winter sports would best be situated at the higher elevations where deeper snow Quasi-Public Recreation occurs. Chemung County presently has one ski area. Boy Scouts: Sullivan Trail Boy Scout Camp Town of Southport. EXISTING CITY, VILLAGE AND TOWN OUTDOOR RECREATION FACILITIES Girl Scouts: Stanley Wood Camp Town of Elmira. City of Elmira Langdon Hill Camp Town of Horseheads. Brand Park, 30 acres Contains a municipal pool, 2 tennis courts, a softball and a baseball field in combination, Social Agency: a basketball court and a playground. El-Ni-Ho Town of Veteran West Center Street Park, 10 acres This park has a (operated by Elmira Neighborhood House). municipal pool, a softball diamond, a basketball court and a playground. Church: Hammonds' Hill Town of Chemung McKinnon Park, 14 acres Contains a playground, (operated by Lake St. Presbyterian Church). basketballcourt, baseball diamond and a"small fry" baseball field. Eldridge Park, 64 acres Has a picnic area, 3 tennis PrivateRecreation Areas courts, a night lighted softball stadium and an additional unlighted softball field, a playground, a ten-acre lake and an Private Recreation Areas amusement park. Family Camping: Total park and recreation land including above is 407 Mountain Mobile Court acres. near Village of Wellsburg (Charles Charwat), 10 sites.

52 Wagon Wheel Ranch Camp EXISTING CULTURAL. AND HISTORIC RESOURCES near Village of Horseheads (L. Edwards), 13 sites. Amity Forest Commentary The county's cultural activity centers in the City of Elmira. Perhaps the most important historic interest near Pine Valley (Dick & Bette Fassett). is the fact that Mark Twain lived and wrote in Chemung Sharon Lake Campsite County. near Village of Millport (Clyde Jack), 30 sites. Earl & Anna Krinke near Village of Van Etten. Existing Higher Education Institutions Robert Mickel near Village of Horseheads, Elmira College: This institution sponsors the College Artist Series which brings to the community a variety of 20 sites. outstanding representatives of the performing arts. The Ernest Minornear Erin. campus drama club( Thespis) performs throughout the Ervin Peckhamnear Pine City. winter season. Harvey Sautternear Village of Millport. Arnot Art Gallery, Elmira Center for most of Chemung William R. Coles near Lowman. County's activityinthe visual arts. In addition to the Jack Elias near City of Elmira. paintings on view in the gallery's permanent collection, it Mar Acres Campground sponsors shows of regional artists,traveling exhibits of near Village of Horseheads international interest and lectures by prominent art author- (Robert and Pauline Walker). ities. The gallery has an art loan section where paintings may also be purchased. The yearly Elmira Regional Artists' Horseback Riding Stables: Show is held here. The gallery provides meeting space for Gilbert Stables near Village of Horseheads. the Ceramic Guild, Elmira Art Club, Coin Collectors Club and Camera Club. Dick's Stablesnear Village of Horseheads.

Shooting Preserves: Elmira Community Concert Series Sponsors a high quality concert series including many noted musicians and orchestras. Class C 1 preserve.

Regulation Golf Courses Open to Public Elmira Symphony and Choral Society This is a group of Francourt Farms Golf Club, Inc. area musicians who perform five times a year. near Village of Horseheads, 18 holes. Elmira Little TheatreThis is the region's major theatrical Tomasso's Golf Course near Chemung, 9 holes. organization. This amateur group's season usually consists Mark Twain Community Golf Course (municipal, of three dramatic performances and one musical perfor- City of Elmira) Village of Elmira Heights, 18 holes. mance together with the Elmira Symphony and Choral Society. (Members Only): Elmira Country Club City of Elmira, 18 holes. Cameron Studio Gallery, Elmira Gallery encourages the development and understanding of abstract art. It features Par 3 Golf Courses: exhibits of modern paintings and sculpture by local artists Fisher Golf Center Village of Horseheads, of Elmira, Corning and Binghamton area. 18 holes. Broadway Theater League, Elmira This organization Dry Brook Par 3 Golf Course - near Chemung, brings a wide variety of Broadway plays performed by 9 holes. professionals to the Elmira area.

Ski Areas: Sullivan's Monument, Newtown Battlefield Reservation Tall Timber Ski & Recreation Area Themonumentcommemoratesthe1779Battleof near Village of Van Etten. Newtown, inwhich American Troops lead by Major General John Sullivan participated. Amusement Parks and Special Features Areas: Eldridge Park City of Elmira. Mark Twain's Study, Elmira College CampusIn this small Harris Hill Amusement Park near Big Flats. study Mark Twain worked on a number of his famous novels and short stories. The Quarry Farm, on Crane Road

53 :min .

aoa"^ Z1. sImL ;:or.%

It, 4I

.,33`3133,1,1 33-"^

-.11111!

Mark Twain's study, in Elmira. Schweitzer Aircraft,near airport on Chambers Road Tours of theplantto watch assembly of gliders and crop-duster hi-planes. During the summer visitors can watch in the Town of Elmira, was the original site of the study. It gliding being taught or take a glider ride. is considered the most valuable hist°. ic site in the county, but is currently in private ownership. Mount Saviour Monastery.located near Big Flats Located on a hilltop. the monastery isa blend of medieval and Chemung Canal Opened in 1833. this canal connected modern architecture. Itis possible to visit the chapel and Elmira at the ('hemung River with Watkins Glen on Seneca grottos below, and browse in a shop offering books. arts Lake. and crafts and religious articles.

54 EXISTING FEDERAL, STATE AND COUNTY FACILITIES Genegantslet Creek. Principal species found in the lakes and ponds are smallmouth and largemouth bass, calico bass, Outdoor recreational facilities owned or operated by pickerel, bullheads, yellow perch and northern pike: fishery federal, state or county agencies are listed in Tables V and resources are quite good. VI. Game Resources: A large part of Chenango County ChenangoCounty liesina range considered excellent for white-tailed deer. The only exception to this is the southwest corner and a NATURAL RESOURCE BASE portion of the easter'area which are considered as being good (but notexcellent!). As with nearby counties, there are Scenic and Water Resources very few pheasants. The grouse range is fair to good. The northwestern third of the county has few or no cottontail Topography: The topography of Chenango County is not as rugged as that of most of the Southern Tier. The landscape presents a panorama of rolling hills and valleys. Likes and Ponds 10 Aciles or Larger in Size: Perhaps the most pronounced scenic assetis the broad Chenango Valley which extends from the southwestern corner to the north-central boundary of the county. Other Warm or relatively broad valleys are created by the Otse lic River in Cold Water the northwestern corner of the county and the Unadilla Lake .cres Species Remarks Valley whichcuts across the southeastern corner and extends in anortherlydirectionto form the eastern Afton Lake 26 warm boundary of the county. Bliven Pond 19 warm Not studied Brackett Pond warm Rivers and Streams: The Chenango River is the major Chenango Lake 35 warm river, with the Otselic and Unadilla rivers also of impor- Cincinnati's Lake 28 warm tance. Other streams are GenegantsletWylie and Bumps Echo Lake 70 warm creeks, and Red and Great brooks. Genegantslet Lake 34 warm Lakes: The western half of the county is dotted with Guilford Lake 70 warm 4 numerous small ponds and lakes. Among these are Long Hunt's Pond 20 warm Pond, Ludlow Pond, and GenegantsletLake. Chenango Jackson Pond 18 warm Lake. located in the northeastern portion of the county, is Jackson Pond warm one of the larger lakes. These small lakes and ponds are Lake Gerry ) warm definite scenic assets. Long Pond warm Ludlow Pond 58 warm Fish and Game Resources Whaley Marsh 38 warm FisheryResources: A totalof approximately 216 Meads Pond 15 warm miles of this county's streams are stocked with trout. Two North Pond 70 warm major streams for trout fishing are the Otse lic River and Plymouth I3 warm Plymouth Reservoir warm Round Pond 26 warm Fishing Right Easements: Round Pond 26 warm Poor Ruggs Nod warm Stream TotalMiles Sidaey Reservoir 14 warns I City water Genegantslet 9.470 sup. Otse lic 17.810 Warn Lake 32 warm Not studied Trib. of Otse lic 0.500 Whites Lake 13 warm P 90 15 warm Not studied Total 27.780 Total 1,181

Total stocked Trout Waters: Legend: I = Posted (Private) 2 = State Owned Streams 215.9 miles 3 = Trout Stocked Lakes and Ponds 54.0 acres 4 = Warm Water Species Stocked

55 .J Though in private ownership, nearby residents use the area Calculated Total Deer Take by License Type, 1966 for family picnics and swimming.

License Type Calculated Total Deer EXISTING QUASI-PUBLIC AND Regular 1,082 PRIVATE RECREATION FACILITIES Archer 31 Party Permit 59 Quasi-Public Recreation Girl Scouts: Total 1,172 Skanatali Girl Scout CampTown of Sherburne.

rabbits, but it is good for varying hare. The remainder is fair Social Agency: for the cottontail and fair to poor for the hare. Y.M.C.A. Camp Pharsalia Town of Pharsalia. Waterfowl are not prominent though some hunting is Church: provided on the larger lakes. Central New York Baptist Youth Camp Town of Smithville. Winter Recreation Resources Mountain View Gospel CampTown of Sherburne. Mean tempreatures in January range between 21 and 23 degrees. There is wide variation in the mean seasonal Private Recreation Areas snowfall in Chenango County. The distribution, however, is closely associated with the Chenango and Delaware River Family Camping: valleys with lower amounts of snowfall related to the valley Echo Lake Park near Village of Afton .floors and increasing in depth outward as the elevations rise (Joseph Arboit), 50 sites on either side. Snow depth on valley floors ranges between Sandy Acres Campsites near Village of Smyrna 40 and 60 inches, and increases to 60 to 80 inches, then 80 (Henry & Leah Drexler), 40 sites. to 100 inches as the elevations become higher. Little Archie Campsites near Village of Smyrna There are a few locations where there is sufficient (Peter Marino). vertical drop in topography to support a ski area based upon the minimum of 600 feet change in elevation. These Mattox Farm Campnear Guilford areas are not common. (Lloyd & Isabelle Mattox), 50 sites. Though the county has few dramatic topographic Mead's Pond near North Norwich. changes, the generally rolling terrain and high snowfall on areas of higher elevation suggest that snowmobiling, sled- Group Camping (children and/or adults): ding, and tobogganing could be enjoyed. Chenango County Camp Oxford-Camp Guilford currently support:: two ski areas. (summer camp for boys and girls) Town of Guilford. Camp Legion Town of Sherburne. EXISTING CITY, VILLAGE AND TOWN OUTDOOR RECREATION FACILITIES Camp Purchas Town of Lincklaen. H Bar D Ranch City of Norwich (summer camp for boys and girls ages 7-14) Veterans Park, acreage not known Contains tennis Town of New Berlin. courts, picnic areas. Shooting Preserves: Class A Village of Oxford Edward L. BennettTown of Oxford. Oxford Municipal Park, 140 acres Essentially unde- Robert C. MarcyTown of Greene. veloped at this time. Proposed facilities include a swimming Thomas Weidman Town of Guilford. pool and bathouse, playground and picnic areas with covered pavilion. Class C 3 preserves

Town of Bainbridge Rod and Gun Clubs: Is considering purchase and development of a parcel of Winchester Gun ClubClearview Lodge, private land adjoining Bennettsville Creek in Bennettsville. 7 miles east of Greene.

56 Regulation Golf Courses (Open to Public) city of Cortland area. These valleys, created by rivers and Afton Golf Course Village of Afton, 18 holes. streams, vary from broad flat plains to narrow steeply sided Genegantslet Golf Course Village of Greene, 18 ravines. Between the valleys are the hilly uplands. The holes. northwestern corner of the county is influenced by the Finger Lakes. Here, thevalley-ridge configurations are Riverbend Golf Course Village of New Berlin, roughly parallel. The southern portion of the county is a 9 holes. succession of high hills. The westerly extension of these are Canasawacta Country Club & Golf Course the Owego hills. Greek Peak, located near Virgil, is the City of Norwich, 9 holes. highest point in the county, with an elevation of 2,132 feet. Blue StoneVillage of Oxford, 9 holes. Rivers and Streams: The Tioughnioga River basin is Ski Areas: the primary drainage area. This river extends through the whole county in a generally north-south direction. North of Penguin Peak 2 miles south of Village of the City of Cortland, the valley created by the river's West Sherburne. Branch is broad and very scenic when viewed from the Genegantslet near Village of Greene. adjacent hiFh ground. Many small lakes are located along its length to the north. The Eastern Branch flows southward EXISTING CULT JRAL AND HISTORIC RESOURCES from the northeast to the City of Cortland. In the southeast corner Otsllic Lake cuts across the county. Principal Commentary Chenango County presently has no major streams are Chenango, Merrills, Otter, Owego and Gridley cultural attraction; of regional interest. Creeks, together with Trout, Cold and Factory brooks.

Grist Mills The county has a number of old grist mills. Lakes: The lakes in the county cover a total of 747 acres. Most of this surface acreage is located in Song and Hansmanor's Mil has one of 16 operational water wheels Tully Lake ;, the portion of Skaneateles Lake within the leftin New York State. The millis located south of county, Utile York Lake and Solon Pond. All but the latter Smithville. are located within the northwest sector of the county. OldJericho Tavern A former stagecoach stop, the tavern has been in continuous operation since 1793. Fish and Gme Resources Sipples Maple Products, south of Bainbridge This large Fishery Resources: This county has good warm and maple syrup producer welcomes visitors to their plant. cold water fishing. A series of fertile lakes located in the broad valley extending north from the City of Cortland Historical Society Museum, north of Preston. produce good bass, pickerel and panfish. Spring-fed streams inthe same valley have brook and brown trout. The Chenango County Museum, Norwich Portrays life and Tioughnioga River has good rainbow trout fishing in the el.rly crafts of the settlers plus exhibits of industries, MessengervIlle-Marathonsection.Upstreamfromthis railroads and the Chenango Canal. section brown trout can be found together with a few sections containing brook trout. The Otselic River provides Chenango Canal Sherburne has four or five miles of this good brook trout fishing. old canal. A major problem is the maintenance of adequate cold water in the streams during the warm months of the year. EXISTING FEDERAL, STATE AND COUNTY FACILITIES Grazing of stream banks and siltation resulting from poor land use practices has caused deterioration of the quality of Outdoor rec-eational facilities owned or operated by many streams. Access to many of the lakes is a problem due federal, state or county agencies are listed in Tables V and to their bring surrounded by private cottages. Efforts to VI. purchase public access rights should be initiated. Cortland County Game Resources: Major game species are deer, cottontail rabbit. squirrel and grouse. Pheasants, which are highly NATURAI. RESOURCE BASE desirable 10 hunters, are limited. Waterfowl are not in abundance and this hunting is generally limited to the first Scenic and Water Resources few days of the season. Varying hare have been reestab- Topography The major feature of Cortland County's lished in the county and provide good hunting on State topography is th 3 star-shaped radiation of valleys from the Reforestation Areas.

57 The problems connected with establishing pheasant appear insoluble due to the type of farming in the county. Calculated Total Deer Take by License Type, 1966 Conditions for forest game are fair. It should be noted that deer have not respondedto management practicesas rapidly as desired. This appears to be more the result of License Type Calculated Total Deer man and dogs rather than habitat conditions. Previous beaver dam sites are now in the beaver meadow stage with Regular 478 only limited woody growth for food supply. Their impor- Archer 12 tance is lessening as a result of this. Party Permits 0

Fishing Right Easements: Total 490

Stream Total Miles Winter Recreation Resources Mean temperatures in January are 23 degrees through- E. Branch Owego Creek. 1.699 out most of Cortland County. The mean seasonal snowfall Grout Brook 1.905 Factory Brook 1.590 varies between 60 and 80 inches at the lower elevations to Otselic River 4.520 80 to 100 inches on the higher ridges. To the north, at the Trib. of Otselic River L460 county line, there are two locations where the mean Tioughnioga River 3.585 seasonal snowfall exceeds 100 inches. The western t o-thirds of the county has rugged Total 14.759 topography containing a number of areas suitable for ski development. This, coupled with reasonably good snow Total Stocked Trout Waters: conditions and close proximity to the Syracuse metropolitan area, has resulted in the establishment of five ski areas within the county. Streams 117.6 miles Lakes and Ponds 8.7 acres As with the other counties, Cortland has the resource base to develop other types of winter recreation. Lakes and Ponds 10 Acres or Larger in Size Warm or EXISTING CITY, VILLAGE AND TOWN OUTDOOR Cold Water RECREATION FACILITIES Lake Acres Species Remarks City of Cortland Bloody Pond 19 warm The city has 4 sites totaling approximately 82 acres. Dean's Pond 40 warm The existing facilities contain playgrounds, ballfields, tennis Glover Pond 27 warm courts, picnic areas, ice skating rinks and a swimming pool. Green Lake 20 warm and cold The Cityis proposing development of a lake site for Goodale Lake 20 warm swimming on land designated as the Yaman Tract. Labrador Pond 102 warm Boat Livery Little York Lake 150 warm 2 (partly) Melody Lake 42 warm EXISTING QUASI-PUBLIC Solon Pond 19 warm 1 AND PRIVATE RECREATION FACILITIES Song Lake 128 warm Tully Lake 230 Quasi-Public Recreation P 38A 25 warm Boy Scouts: 822 Camp Tioughnioga Town of Cortlandville. Girl Scouts: Legend: 1 = Posted (Private) Camp Hoover Town of Preble. 2 = State Owned Girl Scout Camp Kiwanis Town of Virgil. 3 = Trout Stocked 4 = Warm Water Species Stocked Social Agency: Y.M.C.A. Day Camp Town of Preble.

58 Camp Owahta (4-H)Town of Solon. Class C 3 preserves Isaac Walton Campsite Town of Homer. Regulation Golf Courses, Open to Public Private Recreation Areas Knickerbocker Country Club Village of Cincinnatus, Family Camping: 18 holes. Country Hills near Village of Marathon Elm Tree Golf Course near Village of Dryden, (Charles & Martin Davison), 50 sites. 9 holes Maple View Camping Grounds near (additional 9 holes under construction). East Freetown Willowbrook Golf Coursenear Virgil, 9 holes. (John & George Stramba), 100 sites. Brook Pine Farmnear Virgil. Members Only Cortland Country ClubCity of Cortland, 18 holes. Camp Edelweiss near Virgil. Cortland County Recreation Center Group Camping (children and/or adults): Village of Marathon, 18 holes. Five H Day CampTown of Homer. Ski Areas: Shooting Preserves: Greek Peak 7 miles south of City of Cortland, Route 90. Class A Cold Brook Hunting Preserve Town of Scott (Donald Steger). Greek Peak ski center, south of Cortland, has 14 slopes and trails.

59 Intermont 13 miles east of City of Cortland sections. From a scenic standpoint this comes as a mixed in Solon. blessing as many potential panoramas and vistas are negated Song Mountain 3 miles west of Tully. by the presence of these woodlands. Labrador Route 91 near Truxton. Ander-Lan near Little York, Route 281. Other special land form areas are:

EXISTING CULTURAL AND HISTORIC RESOURCES Mt. Utsayantha, Town of Stamford. This is the highest accessible mountain in the Catskills and is a leading scenic Commentary The main impetus for cultural activity is attraction. Its elevation is 3,214 feet. centered at the SUNY at Cortland. Little else of major interest is located in the county. Bear Pen Mountain, Town of Roxbury. A prominent ridge adjacent to the West Branch of the Delaware River, this site Higher Education Institutions affords excellent views of the valley and surrounding peaks. SUNY atCortland Thisinstitutionprovides theatrical productions, nationally known speakers, concert Forest Preserve Area. The 33,851 acres owned by the state artists, art exhibits, dance recitals and a film series. The contain the most rugged and diverse scenery in the county. music department sponsors a College Community Orchestra comprised of students and citizens of the Cortland area. PepactonandCannonsvilleReservoirs.Manywater- Free concerts are given during the school year. woodland-mountains combination scenic vistas and panoramas are provided by these major reservoirs. Cortland County Historical Society, CortlandContains a complete historical record of the county and towns. Stratton Falls, Town of Roxbury. Scenic waterfall.

Cincinnatus Civic Band, Cincinnatus This organization FederalHill,Town of Delhi. Views of hills, valleys and a sponsors a series of eight concerts in the village park each covered bridge are afforded from this site. summer. Snyder Falls, Town of Delhi. A hanging falls that descends EXISTING FEDERAL, STATE AND COUNTY FACILITIES into the Delaware River Valley is located here. Outdoor recreational facilities owned or operated by More Park, Town of Walton. This public picnic area federal, state or county agencies are listed in Tables V and presents scenic views of the Delaware River Valley. VI. Rivers and Streams: The county contains a portion of the main stem of the Delaware River and the entire East Delaware County and West branches. In addition, short sections of the Susquehanna and Schoharie rivers are also located within NATURAL RESOURCE BASE the county's borders. Ouleout and Carrs creeks, together with the many streams tributary to the Delaware River and Scenic and Water Resources its branches, provide important additional water resources. Topography: The topography in Delaware County is strongly influenced by the northwestern slopes of the Lakes and Streams: There are no natural lakes of Catskill Mountains. The most rugged areas are located south significant size in Delaware County, though a number of and east of the valley created by the West Branch of the small ponds and lakes dot the landscape, particularly in the Delaware River. In this section, many high peaks and ridges southern half. A small portion of Schoharie Reservoir reaches into the county. areformed withdeeplyincisedand narrowvalleys providing dramatic accent. It is the only truly mountainous topography in the Project Area. The northern half of the county is less dramatic as a scenic attraction. The major Fish and Game Resources valley complex isthat created by the Delaware River Fishery Resources: Existing water areas are primarily together with its West and East branches. Due to the high suitable for cold water fishing. There is an abundance of relief surrounding these valleys, their visual importance is cold water streams. Many of these are widely known and heightened. Other valley complexes are those associated because of this fishermen residing outside of the county with Ouleout and Carrs creeks in the northwest corner of come to fish during trout season. The number of cold water the county. Much of the land is forested in the more rugged lakes and ponds, however, is limited. The county has few

60 warm water fisheries and hence many anglers travel to other areas for this type of fishing. Calculated Total Deer Take by License Type, 1966 Such cold water species as brook, brown and rainbow trout are well adapted to the county. With more intensive management, the habitat for such warm water species as License Type Calculated Total Deer smallmouthbass, walleyepike and pickerelcould be Regular 3,672 improved. Archer 32 Shadfishingisgood onlyinthoseyears when Party Permit 2,250 conditions are favorableinthe lower Delaware River. During these years, large numbers of anglers travel to the Total 5,954 county. Unfortunately, the future of shad is questionable due to water pollutionin the lower Delaware and its Winter Resource Base estuary. Mean temperatures in January range between 21 and A creel census taken on the Beaver Kill in 1964-65 23 degrees. There is wide variation in the amount of mean indicated that 25% of the anglers came from out of the seasonal snowfall in Delaware County. These variations, state. Most were from New Jersey. A large number of the however, conform to the basic ridge and valley landform. New York State fishermen were from the New York City The floors of the valleys created by the West and East and Binghamton metropolitan areas. Branches of the Delaware River and the Susquehanna River, range between 40 and 60 inches. The high ridges separating Fishing Right Easements: these valleys have between 100 and 130 inches of mean seasonal snowfall. Stream Total Miles The most rugged topography to be found within the Project Area is located in the southeastern half of Delaware Beaver Kill 13.10 County. Vertical descents of up to 1000 feet can be found Bush Kill 0.94 in this portion. The combined attributes of ample snowfall West Branch Delaware River 20.00 and varied topography containing elevational changes suit- East Branch Delaware River Mileage not supplied able for skiing suggest the strong potential for this winter Little Delaware River 5.12 sport. There are presently five ski areas within the county. Trout Brook 3.17 The potential for other winter activities is good because of the suitability of the resource base. Total 42.33

Total Stocked Trout Waters EXISTING CITY, VILLAGE AND Streams 161.7 miles TOWN OUTDOOR RECREATION FACILITIES Lakes and Ponds57.5 acres

Town of Hamden, 160 acres Undeveloped. Game Resources: The county iswell suited to all forms of big and small game, but it is extremely limited for waterfowl and farm game except for the cottontail rabbit. Town of Hancock, 90 acres Contains ball fields and a Programs to create winter wildlife cover, maintain healthy 9-hole golf course. forestopenings, harvestforestproducts, and manage wildlife will have to be developed. White-tailed deer are not given adequate harvest, and as Town of Sidney, 108 acres The acreage is located on a result winter starvation and range damage have cccurred. seven sites and includes a golf course, boat launching site, The posting of land is the cause for most of the problem. picnicking and ice skating rink. Non-residents comprise 80% of the hunters. They generally have a high income. Most are from New York A number of villages and towns own small parks under City, New Jersey, Binghamton andtheAlbany area tenacresinsize, such as Stamford Village Park, in (Division of Fish and Game, New York State Conservation Stamford, and More and Bassett Parks together with Dept., Region 7.) Austin-Lincoln Field all located in Walton.

61 Lakes and Ponds 10 Acres or Larger in Size Warm or Cold Water Lake Acres Species Remarks

Beaverkill Lake or Big Pond 64 warm Access limited Beaver Meadow Pond 13 warm 1 Brydon Lake 13 warm Access limited Columbia Lake 13 warm Crystal Lake 26 warm Hataway Pond 13 warm Access limited Homan or Somerset Pond 45 warm 1 Huggins' Lake 13 warm 1 Lake Delaware 70 warm and cold 1 Little Pond 13 warm 2 Merrick Pond 26 warm Mud Pond 26 warm 2, potential for reclamation & cold water management Odell Lake 38 warm Access limited Pepacton Reservoir 6,800 warm and cold Access limited Cannonsville Reservoir 4,800 warm and cold Access limited Perch Lake 32 warm and cold Access limited Perch 'Pond 26 warm Pierce Pond 13 warm 1

Perkins Pond 26 warm 1 Robinson (Spring) Lake 17 warm Russell Lake 25 warm Russ Gray Pond 10 cold 2, 3 Sand Pond 38 warm Silver Lake 19 warm Access limited Silver Lake of

Mohican Lake 19 warm 1 Trout Pond 13 warm 2, potential for reclamation and cold water management. Tunis Lake 13 warm Access limited

Clapper Lake 19 warm 1 East Masonville Pond 25 cold 3 East Sidney Reservoir 210 warm 4 Mud Lake 62 warm Pine Lake 12 warm 1 Sexsmith Lake or Lake Adequatangie 32 warm I Titus Pond 45 warm Access limited Pond 246 10 warm Pond 306 20 warm Pond 313 10 warm I Pond 338 20 warm

12,689

Legend: 1 = Posted (Private) 3 = Trout Stocked 2 = State Owned 4 = Warm Water Species Stocked 62 8G EXISTING QUASI-PUBLIC AND PRIVATE Arens Rest Farmnear Village of Andes. RECREATION FACILITIES Raymond Bassani near East Meredith. Quasi-Public Recreation Bon Vista near Bovina Center (F. Todd). Boy Scouts: Jay Connine near Village of Andes. Camden County Council Boy Scout Camp Mrs. Alta Comuill near Roscoe. Town of Colchester Charles Misele near Kelly Corners. Social Agency: The Elms Farm near Bovina Center (C. Hall). Shankituck 4-H CampTown of Delhi. Lawrence Jaycox near Roxbury. Private Recreation Areas Lake Poultry Farm near Downsville (H. Lake). Family Camping: Charles Mech near Village of Fleischmanns. George Clark, Jr. near Village of Stamford. Weldon Morse near Village of Andes. Delaware Valley Campsite near Downsville Pisgah View Farm near Village LI f Andes (0. Vernold), 50 sites. (P. Grommeck). Twin Falls Campground near Village of Hancock. Pines Rest Diary Farmnear Bovira Center Terry's Travel Trailer Park near Shinhopple (L. Bloemeke). (A. E. Terry), 40 sites. Deerlick Brook Farmnear Village of Andes Ox Bow Campsite near Harvard (Mrs. E. Ruchar). (A.A. Schlitz), 35 sites. Mrs. E. Schusternear Roxbury. Poineer Trailer Camping Resort near DeLancey (William Howell), 60 sites. Shady Rest Farmnear Village of Walton (R. Russell). Camp Delaware near Lordville (Dudley Grow). Silver Maples Farmnear Village of Walton Chiloway Campsites near Roscoe (A. Kellogg). (Don Fainberg), 25 sites. Sleepy Hollow Farmnear Roscoe. Middle Brook Ridge near North Harpersfield Spruce Lodgenear Hamden. (Howard Dorland), 25 sites. Todd Mt. Farmnear Roscoe (E. Todd). Butternut Grove Campsite near Cooks Falls (Mr. & Mrs. John Swartwout). The George Farm near Village of Andes (H. George). Reed's Hideway near Village of Hobart (Mrs. Charles Reed), 30 sites. Gledsmere Lodge near Village of Margaretville. Mr. E. L. Nichols, Sr. near Bloomville. Green Mt. Farm near Kelly Corners. Tanglewood Lake Campsitesnear Village of Hillendale Farm near New Kingston Delhi. (Van Derschoten). Hill-top Farm near East Branch. Vacation Farms: Tor Echo Farm near Village of Walton Cresent Valley Farm near Bovina (G. Trimbell). (J. Gabel). Suits Us Farmnear Bovina Center (A. Rabeler). Windy Acres near Kelly Corners (J. Schults) Red Pine Farmnear Bovina Center (G. Lingy). Warren and Loretta Weaver, Jr. near Village of Burn Lou Century Farmnear Bovina Center Andes. (H. Lounsbury). Woodhaven Booklandnear Denver. Pleasant Valley Tourists and Dairy Farm near East Meredith Shady Rest Farmnear Village of Whalton (F. Delruing). (L. Budina). The Al-Bee Farm near Village of Margaretville Dude Ranches (A. Eppenbach). Swiss Ranch near Village of Fleischmanns.

63 Roundup Ranch near Downsville EXISTING CULTURAL AND HISTORIC RESOURCES Holiday Valley near South Kortright. Commentary In this rural county, the SUNY College at Horseback Riding Stables: Delhi providcs the major source of cultural activity. The Swiss Ranchnear Village of Fleischmanns: covered bridges of the county lend historical interest.

Shooting Preserves: Existing Higher Education Institutions SUNY Agricultural and Technical College, at Delhi Class B This college has drawn up a preliminary plan for a Valley Bambi Rod and Gun Club, Inc. Campus Complex.Thisistobeacomprehensive Town of Hancock education-recreationfacilitywhichmay includea (Frank Saullo). conferencecenter, Indian museum, arboretum, maple Cornelia H. Gerry Town of Bovina. productslaboratoryandtheater-in-the-round. Also proposed are extensive recreation facilities. Pepacton Rod and Gun Club, Inc. Town of Andes (Larry Pisani). Frisbee Museum (1804), Town of Delhi, 2 miles east of Village of Delhi This is the Delaware County Historical Museum. Itis located on the site of thefirst county Class C 1 preserve courthouse. Hunting Lodges: Elk Valley Lodge near Roscoe (K. Faust). Dingle Hill, Town of Andes, on Dingle Hill Road This is the site of the Anti-Rent War (Battle) which banished from New York State the feudal system of land tenure. Beaches: Titus Lake Water Ski Club Woodchuck Lodge Nal ional Historical Landmark, Town of near North Harpersfield. Roxbury, on Burroughs Road Here, is the summer cottage and grave of the naturalist, John Burroughs. Regulation Golf Courses (Open to Public): Hancock Golf CourseVillage of Hancock, Mt. Utsayantha, Town of Stamford, on Tower Mountain 9 holes. Road This is a legendary Indian area as well as being a Kass Inn Golf Course Village of Margaretville, very scenic spot. It is the only mountain top accessible by 18 holes. auto in the county. Mt. Helena Golf Course Roxbury, 9 holes. Covered Bridges Fitches Bridge, Town of Delhi, off Roundup Ranch Golf Course Downsville, Route 10 northeast of Village of Delhi 9 holes (1870). Sidney Country Club Village of Sidney, 9 holes. Downsville Bridge, Town of Colchester Stamford Golf Course Village of Stamford, in the Village of Downsville (1854). 18 holes. Delhi College Golf Course Village of Delhi, HamdenBridge,(1859), onBasin 9 holes. Clove Road, Town of Hamden.

Ski Areas: EXISTING FEDERAL, STATE AND COUNTY FACILITIES Catskill Ski Center North of Village of Andes. Outdoor recreational facilities operated or owned by Andes Ski Center Route 28, near federal, state and county agencies are listed in Tables V and Village of Andes. VI. Scotch Valley Ski Center2 miles north Otsego County of Village of Stamford. NATURAL RESOURCE BASE Big Bear Bowl near Vega off Route 30. Scenic and Water Resources Platteskill Mountain 6 miles west of Roxbury. Topography: Asisthecasewith othercounties through which it passes, the Susquehanna Valley creates a

64 8S major landform in Otsego County. This valley, together Problem areas are a lack of public access to many of with those created by Schenevus, Cherry Valley and Otego the streams, low fertility in some of the trout streams, and creeks, all of which join in the vicinity of Oneonta, presents habitat deterioration due to construction activities and the major variation to an otherwise typically hilly terrain poor land use practices. The situation could be improved dissected by small intervening hollows. To the west the through acquisitionof additional fishing rights, stream valley created by Buttermilk Creek also provides valley improvement and the development of more boat launching floor relief to contrast with the upland areas. The southern sites. part of the county lies in the northern foothills of the A number of good cold and warm water species are Catskill Mountains. present in the county. These include trout and bass, walleye In contrast, the northern and western portion of the pike, and pickerel. Major rivers and streams affording trout county consist of low rolling hills. In general, the area east fishing are the Delaware River, together with its East and of north-south flowing Otego Creek provides the most West branches, the Little Delaware River, and the Beaver dramatic scenery and includes the major lakes, rivers and Kill and Bush Kill. streams. Fishing Right Easements: Other scenic landform areas are: Mount Independence, Town of Cherry Valley. This high Streams Total Miles point having an elevation of 2,740 feet affords a view north overtheMohawkValleytothefoothillsofthe Otsego 2.16 Adirondacks, east to the Helderberg range, south to the Schenevus 8.67 Catskills, and west to Otsego Lake. Total 10.83 Cyaron Hill, Hartwick College Campus at Oneonta. Views of the city, the Susquehanna River Valley and the distant Total Trout Waters Stocked: Catskills are presented. A number of river and creek valleys are particularly Streams 142.6 miles attractive because of their well-tended farms, and inter- Lakes and Ponds 106acres esting topography. Among these are Elk Creek Valley, Wharton Valley and the Unadilla River Valley. Fly Creek Game Resources: Otsego County has a high potential Overlook in the Town of Otsego on Route 80, two miles for big and small woodland game. As is the case in nearby west of Cooperstown, gives a view down Fly and Oaks counties, waterfowl is not abundant and farm game species creeks valleys to the Susquehanna Valley. are limited to cottontail rabbit. Hooker Mountain, Town of Maryland, 4 miles north of Deer populations are adequately harvestedinthis Schenevus. This is one of the highest points in the county county throughtheuse of thepartypermit system. with an elevation of 2,325 feet. There is a fire tower. Additional harvest could be tolerated, however, for most small game populations. RiversandStreams: Aspreviouslynoted,the The county is within reach of residents of New York Susquehanna is the major river in the county. In addition, City, New Jersey, Binghamton, the Albany area and the the Unadilla River, which forms the western boundary of Hudson and Mohawk valleys. the county, is partially located here. Important creeks are theWharton,Butternut,Otego, CherryValleyand Winter Recreation Resources Schenevus. Each of these waterer ays has many tributaries. Mean temperatures in January range between 21 and Lakes: The county is fortunate in having two large 23 degrees. The highest amount of mean seasonal snowfall lakes within its borders, Canadan,go and Otsego. A number occurs within the northern quarter of the county. Here, of smaller lakes and ponds are also present. Among these is snowfall ranges between 100 and 130 inches. The valley of Goodyear Lake. the Susquehanna River and the southern portion of the valley of the Unadilla River have between 40 and 60 inches Fish and Game Resources of snowfall. The remainder of the county falls between these two extremes with the higher areas having up to 100 Fishery Resources: There is a relatively large mileage inches. of both cold and warm stream fishing in Otsego County. Lake and pond fishing, however, is limited to Canadarago The topography of Otsego County, while not as rugged and Otsego lakes. as that found in Delaware, exhibits interesting and dramatic

65 variations, particularly in the general vicinity of Crumhorn Calculated Total Deer Take by License Type, 1966 Mountain. Vertical descents of 600 feet or more in this area are not uncommon. There also are a few locations with License Type Calculated Total Deer suitable topography to the north where mean seasonal snowfalls are the highest. The county, which currently has Regular 1,182 three ski areas, is well suited to the development of other Archer 30 types of winter recreation activities. Party Permit 233

Total 1,445

Lakes and Ponds 10 Acres or Larger in Size:

Warm or Cold Water Lake Acres Species Remarks

Allen Lake 58 1, water supply reservoir.

Aliens Pond 26 warm 1 Arnold Lake 51 warm and cold Basswood Pond 16 cold 2, 3 Bear Swamp Pond 51 warm 1... Canadarago Lake 1,958 warm Caryl Lake 26 warm 1, water supply reservoir

Crumhorn Lake 58 1 East Sidney Reservoir 210 warm Fawn Lake 14 warm 2 Gilbert Lake 32 cold 2,3 Goodyear Lake 378 warm Hudson Pond 19 warm I Little Pond 26 1, water supply reservoir Lynn Pond 21 warm 1 Lily Pond 11 warm Marsh Pond 32 warm 1 Mud Lake 20 warm Otsego Lake 3,987 warm and cold

Pyersons Pond 15 warm 1 Schenevus Reservoir 11 1, water supply reservoir

Silver Lake 26 warm 1 Summit Lake 26 wt rm Summit Lake 32 wa. -n Access limited Turtle Lake or Crystal Lake 40 warm Wither Lake 51 warm Water supply reservoi;

7,196

66 ZU EXISTING CITY, VILLAGE AND TOWN Private Recreation Areas OUTDOOR RECREATION FACILITIES Family Camping: Big Five Motor Court near City of Oneonta Village of Richfield Spr:ngs. Newaha Park (acreage not known). Byum's Trailer Courtnear City of Oneonta. Wilbur Park (acreage not known). Crystal Lake rear New Lisbon, 75 sites. Village of Cooperstown Hillview Trailer Court :war Village The Village owns 2 acres on Otsego Lake Parks are of Cooperstown (Joseph J. Munford). used for picnicking and swimming. Twin Spruce Trailer Park and Camping Ground Total park and recreation land, including above, is near Village of Milford on shore of about 21 acres. Susquehanna River (Albert H. Osterhout), 20 sites. Vista No. 1 nor Village of Laurens. Village of Morris Shadow Brook Tent and Trailer Park There is a village proposal to restore a presently unused 9-holegolf course and develop a swimming area near Springfield adjacent thereto. (Kenneth and Vilma Wright), 75 sites. Mohawk Camping Ground near Village of Town of Butternut Cherry Valley Proposed park site 2 miles northeast of Mt. Upton. (Mrs. L. Petronio). Though currently in private ownership, the owner will Kollgoard Cabinsnear City of Oneonta give the site to the Town for development as a park. (Mr. I. Kollgoard). Cliffside Grove near Maryland EXISTING QUASI-PUBLIC AND PRIVATE (Mr. W. Atchinson, Jr.), 20 sites. RECREATION FACILITIES Holiday Trailer Sales and Park near City of Oneonta (Mr. W. Hall). Quasi-Public Recreation Boy Scouts: Richfield Sprint; Camping, Picnic and Crumhorn Mountain B.S.A. Camp Boating Center near Village pf Richfield Springs Town of Milford on Crumhorn Lake. on Canadarago Lake (Mr. F. Schneider). Elton Shove Memorial Campsite Silver Maples iear Village of Richfield Springs Town of Middlefield. (Mr. D. Mortis). Larchwood Lakenear Village of Laurens. Girl Scouts: National Commercial Bank & Trust Company Minnetoska Girl Scout Camp (members only) Town of Middlefield on Otsego Lake. near Village of Cherry Valley on Belvedere Lake. Oneonta Girl Scout Day Camp Town of New Lisbon, Group Camping (children and/or adults): Beaver Valley Recreation Development Church: near Hartwick. Pathfinder Lodge (Baptist Church) Chenango Camp (boys) on Otsego Lake. Town of Middlefield on Otsego Lake. Otsego Camp (Firls) on Otsego Lake. Beaver Cross (Episcopal Church) Ethical Culture Camp (boys and girls, physical Town of Springfield. health camp)on Otsego Lake. Vacation Farms: l<2.1.1 Johnson Farm near Burlington. Private Recreation Areas Ivan Lindberg Farmnear Burlington Flats. Boy Scouts: Crumhorn Mountain B.S.A. Camp- Horseback Riding Stables: near City of Oneonta. Byum's Trailer Court Fiddlestick FarmWhig Corners.

Ca Cooperstown Riding Stables attraction. Two colleges in Oneonta also provide additional Village of Cooperstown. impetus for educational and cultural activities. Beth WicherCity of Oneonta.

Shooting Preserves: Higher Education Institutions

Class A SUNY College at Oneonta. Fly Creek Valley Preserve, Inc.Towns of Otsego Hartwick College, Oneonta This college offers a wide and Springfield (E. Donlon). variety of cultural activities including guest lecturers and John Arnold and Evelyn Hammer le artists. The college has a numixr of famous paintings. The Town of Exeter. Tager Museum Gallery here sponsors various art exhibits F. H. V. Mecklenbury Town of Otsego.. and has a permanent collection of Indian artifacts. Fenimore House, Coopeatown This museum has an Class B extensivecollection of folk art, life masks of famous Staley W. Conover Town of Hartwick. people, and exhibits related to James Fenimore Cooper's Alexander Fafara Town of Roseboom. family. It is also the headquarters of the New York State G. McMurtrie Godley Town of Morris. Historical Association.

Swimming Beaches: Woodland Museum, Cooperstown James Fenimore Fairy Springsnear Village of Cooperstown Cooper's tales are dramatized here. It also contains nature on Otsego Lake. trails and exhibits. Three-Mile Point near Village of Cooperstown. Perkins Picnic Areanear Exeter. Farmers Museum, Cooperstown Twelve buildings were moved to the site from Central 'New York State to recreate Summit Lakenear Edmeston. the setting of the 1790-1850 era. Articles of the period are Springfield Landing near Springfield. made and tools are exhibited. Goodyear Lake Water Ski Club Goodyear Lake. Cooperstown Indian Museum, Cooperstown Exhibits of Cherry Valley Fish and Game Club near Village authentic Indian artifacts and material. of Cherry Valley. Baseball Hall of Fame, Cooperstown Displays on the Regulation Golf Courses Open to Public: history and players of baseball. Contains a great deal of Edgewood Golf Course Village of Laurens, baseball memorabilia and plaques of those voted into the 9 holes. Hall of Fame. West Oneonta Golf Course West Oneonta, 9 holes. Carriage and Harness Museum, Cooperstown A collection Otsego Cot. itry ClubSpringfield, 9 holes. of carriages and harnesses of the early 20th century. Travelers Golf Course Emmons, 9 holes. Cherry Valley Museum, Cherry Valley The theme is the (Members Only) preservation of the historical documents, tools, utensils and Cooperstown Country Club Village of life of the Cherry Valley of an earlier era. Cooperstown, 18 holes. Oneonta Country ClubCity of Onexaa, National Railroad Hall of Fame, Oneonta Steam engine train rides and a comprehensive museum of railroading. 18 holes. Upper Susquehanna Historical Association, Oneonta Located in carriage house behind the Wilber Mansion, EXISTING CULTURAL AND HISTORIC RESOURCES the museum portrays Oneonta and local area history.

Commentary Otsego County has an abundance of Denny's Toy Museum, Springfield Center Contains wide historically oriented cultural attractions. Cooperstown is variety of 18th century toys including a miniature railroad. nationally known for its fine and varied museums and the City of Oneonta is increasing its number of this kind of Prehistoric Exhibit of Petrified Creatures, Richfield Springs.

68 CooperstownPlayhouse, Cooperstown Inthe1967 county. The most prominent of these is the Schoharie summer season this organization put on a total of eight Valley which extends through the county in a generally productions including both musicals and dramas. north-south direction. The valley created by Cobleskill Creek is located in the northeastern corner and intersects KingfisherTower, in Otsego Lake near Cooperstown This the Valley at Middleburg. This confluence of land forms a is a picturaque tower in the water with a causeway leading naturalsettingof highscenicvalue.IntheCatskill to it. Mountain foothills to the south, many panoramas and vistas are available from the high points. The variation created by EXISTING FEDERAL, STATE AND COUNTY FACILITIES steep valleys and gorges add greatly to the landscape in this region. This immense variety in topographic configurations Outdoor recreational facilities owned or operated by is a unique asset. The area is noted for its caves and caverns. federal, sta,e or county agencies are listed in Tables V and VI. Other special land form areas are:

Howe Caverns, near Central Bridge. A cavern complex that Schoharie County wins for nearly a mile and a half along the banks and bed of a subterranean stream is located 160 to 200 feet below NATURAI. RESOURCE BASE the earth's surface. Vaulted chambers, unusual rock formation, stalactites and stalagmites, and an underground lake Scenic and Water Resources are , he main features. Topography: Thesouthernthree-quartersof the countyissituated on thepalteau atthe edge of an Secret Caverns,near CentralBridge. Similarto Howe escarpment which aescends northward into the Mohawk Caverns, this cavern has a great underground waterfall and a Valley. The highland edge of this escarpment presents many domed area nearly 100 feet high. dramatic panoramas. To the south, the plateau country yields to t le foothills of the Catskill Mountains. Thus, three Rivers and Streams: The dominant stream inthe landscape regions are contained within the county: the county is Schoharie Creek. It has many tributary streams of Mohawk Valley, the Plateau, and the foothills of the which the most important are Catskill, Cobleskill and Fox Catskills. Iwo steep-ridged and broad valleys traverse the creeks.

Lakes and ?onds 10 Acres or Larger in Size: Warm or ColdWater Lake Acres Species Remarks

Baldwin Pond (Clay's Pond) 19 warm Bear Gulch Pond 52 warm 4 Cobleskill Reservoir 25 warm Echo Pond (Jones Pond) 25 warm Engleville Reservoir 35 warm Access limited Water supply res.

Fanchers Reservoir 11 warm 1 Schoharie Reservoir 1,142 warm and cold Permit required water supply res. Mayham Pond 51 warm Rossman Pond 64 warm Russel Lake

(Schuyler Lake) 16 wane 1 Summit Lake 51 cold 3 Pond 579a 10 warm

Fly Pond (Town of Summit) 38 1 Fly Pond (Town of Broome) 10 warm

1,549

69 Lakes andReservoirs: The largestinland body of appears to be limited by a shotgun restriction in the water is Schoharie Reservoir. There are few lakes and county. Posting of land is also a growing problem. Many of ponds. Most of these are found in the western half with a the hunters come from New York City, New Jersey, the group of three in close juxtaposition occurring north of Albany area and the Hudson and Mohawk valleys. Summit. Winter Recreation Resources Mean temperatures in January are 21 degrees through- Fishing Right Easements: out most of Schoharie County. The mean seasonal snowfall varies from 40 to 60 inches in the Schoharie Creek Valley Stream Total Miles to 100 to 130 inches in a few isolated locations. Most of Catskill Creek 3.07 the county, however, has between 60 and 100 inches. Panther Creek 1.00 Rugged topography adjacent to the Schoharie Valley provides the greatest opportunity for winter sports develop- Total 4.07 ment, particularly skiing. Here vertical descents of 600 feet or more occur fairly frequently. The higher elevations have sufficient snow to support Total Stocked Trout Waters: such winter sports as sledding, tobogganing and snowmobiling. There is one ski area in the county at present. Streams 11.8 miles Lakes and Ponds 126.9 acres EXISTING CITY, VILLAGE AND TOWN OUTDOOR RECREATION FACILITIES Fish and Game Resources Fishery Resources: This county has limited fishery There are no town, village or city facilities in excess of resources. This is due to the small amount of flowing water ten acres inSchoharie County, though the Village of and few lakes or impoundments. Lack of public access and Sharon Springs owns one conservation land site consisting habitat deterioration resulting from poor land use and of 250 acres. construction activities add to the problem. if a minimum low flow augmentation agreement could be created below Schoharie Reservoir, this would improve the fishing in the EXISTING QUASI-PUBLIC AND PRIVATE area. RECREATION FACILITIES Such cold water species as brook, brown and rainbow troutare well adapted tothearea. Smallmouth and Quasi-Public Recreation largemouth bass, walleye pike and pickerel are the most Church: significant warm water species to be found. Mid-State Baptist Camp (children's camp) Town of Middleburgh Calculated Total Deer Take by License Type, 1966 Private Recreation Areas License Type Calculated Total Deer Family Camping: Middle Brook Ridge near Jefferson Regular 864 (Howard Dorland), 25 sites. Archer Party Permit 166 Nickerson Parknear Gilboa (Ford L. Nickerson), 300 sites. Total 1,052 Summit Lake Park near Village of Richmondville (Harold Provost and Dr. F. L. Tator), 175 sites. Calculated Total Bear Take 1 Secret Caverns Campsite near Village Game Resources: Schoharie County offers hunting of Cobleskill (Secret Caverns, Inc.), 20 sites. opportunitiesfor big and small woodland game. Itis extremely limited with respect to waterfowl and the only Twin Oaks Campground near Village of Middleburgh small game present in any numbers is the cottontail rabbit. (James Spickerman), 75 sites. There is a need for habitat improvement programs. Tree Haven near Village of Esperance, 10 sites. Current wildlife populations are not well utilized on a Waterfalls Campsite near Village sustainedyieldbasis. The influx of transienthunters of Middleburgh, 35 sites.

70 Mulbury Homestead Campsite area residents as evidenced by low attendance at these near Village of Schoharie, 30 sites. functions.

Group Camping (children and/or adults): Tillapough Mill, Town of Richmondville, N.Y. Route 10 Big B. Farm and Camp (children's camp) this is an operating overshot water wheel-grist mill. Town of Middleburgh. Camp Mo-B-Lee (children's camp) Village Green, Jefferson - This village green, established in Town of Summit. 1802, is a unique example of those seen in New England.

Vacation Farms: Maple Museum, Jefferson Contains rare and unusual Cavern View Farm near Village of Cobleskill sugar molds, wooden sap buckets, gathering tubs and flat (Clinton D. Nettraway). boiling pans together with many other items associated with the maple industry. A converted country church Golden Acres Farmnear Gilboa houses these items. (Fred & Elsie Buxbaum). Breaks Farm near Gilboa. Blenheim Bridge, On N.Y. Route 30, Town of Blenheim This covered bridge, built in 1855, is purported to be the Horseback Riding Stables: longest single span wooden bridge in the world. Yo-Scho-Haro Riding Club. Old Stone Fort, Schoharie Built in 1772, this structure Shooting Preserves: was a church which was converted to a Revolutionary War fort and now functions as a museum. Contains relics and Class A souvenirs closely associated with the building, both as a Perigrin Hunting Preserve (William Gebert) church and as a fort. Towns ofCarlisle and Charleston. Walter O. Mickel Town of Wright. EXISTING FEDERAL, STATE AND COUNTY FACILITIES

Class B Outdoor recreational facilities owned or operated by Coon Skin Wild Boar Hunting & Fishing Club, Inc. federal, state or county agencies are listed in Tables V and Town of West Fulton. VI. Class C 1 preserve. Regulation Golf Courses. Open to Public: Schuyler County Cobleskill Golf and Country Club Village of Cobleskill, 9 holes (18 tees). NATURAL RESOURCE BASE

Ski Areas: Scenic and Water Resources Snowy Acres near Village of Cobleskill. Topography: Schuyler Countyis endowed with a number of gorges and related waterfalls. The incision of Seneca Lake into the landscape creates high ridges on both EXISTING CULTURAL AND HISTORIC FACILITIES sides of this lake from which many scenic views ara obtainable. The Hector Backbone area to the east is perhaps Commentary A number of historic sites and buildings more prominentinthisregard than the western high have been identified in the county. Though only those of ground. Much of this land is in public ownership in the: general interest or significance have been listed below, the Hector Land Use Area. Foots Hill, east of the Village of sum total of these historic attractions provides potential for Watkins Glen, is also a high eminence with a steep valley increasing the tourism industry of the county. falling off to the east in a north-south direction. Huey and HouseHills,located to the west of Seneca Lake, are Higher Education Institutions prominent high points along with Sugar Hill. The valleys SUNY Agricultural and Technical College, at Cobleskill associated with Catharine Creek, Meads Creek and Hector The faculty and administration, through their organiza- Falls Creek offer scenic vistas from the valley floor and tion called CAFAC, invite outside talent to the college. To panoramas from the highlands. The dominant natural date there has been relatively little interest on the part of feature is the incision created by Seneca Lake.

71 Other special land form areas are:

Watkins Glen, Village of Watkins Glee. This well-known gorge is in Watkins Glen State Park. It has a series of 19 waterfalls and is a major scenic attraction. The gorge, over 1-1/2 miles long, is a deep rock-walled canyon with many cascades and grottoes.

Chequaga and Eagle Cliff Falls, Village of Montour Falls. Chequaga is 156 feet high and is floodlighted at night. The high ground above this falls affords views of the falls and the valley floor adjacent to Catharine Creek.

Glen Eldridge and Hector Falls, near the Village of Burdett.

Havana Glen, Montour Falls. This gorge has 37 waterfalls.

Rivers and Streams: The county is laced with a fair number of streams. The most significant of these are Catharine, Chequaga, Hector Falls and Meads creeks. Lakes: Senecaisthe most prominent lake in the county although only a portion of this water body lies within the Project Area. Other lakes of more than passing significance are Waneta and Lamoka, in the west adjacent to the S.luben County line, and Cayuta Lake, east of Watkins Glen. A section of the Barge Canal is also located within the county.

Fish and Game Resources Fishery Resources: The major fishery resources are Watkins Glen State Park, one of 80 state parks. found in Seneca, Waneta and Lamoka Lakes, together with Catharine Creek. The latter is well-known for its rainbow Lakes and Ponds 10 Acres or Larger in Size trout runs. Other cold water streams of importance are Cayuta, Taghanic and Hector Falls creeks. Warm or Cold Water Lamoka and Waneta lakes offer the only muskellunge Lake Acres Species Remarks fishing in Central New York. Seneca Lake provides good lake trout. Punchbowl Lake 11 warm Cayuta Lake 518 warm Important warm water species found in the county include largemouth and smallmouth bass, and walleye pike. Hornby Lake 13 warm Lamoka Lake 589 warm Fishing Right Easements: Waneta Lake 813 warm 4, muskellunge Stream Total Miles 1,944 Catharine Creek 3.0 Legend: 1 = Posted (Private) Cayuta Creek 2.5 2 = State Owned Tot al 5.5 3 = Trout Stocked 4 = Warm Water Species Stocked Game Resources: As with other counties in the Project Area, whitetailed deeristhe only big game species of Total Stocked Trout Waters importance. The Sugar Hill area situated on state land, Streams 34.5 miles attracts' archery deer hunters for a special archery deer None Lakes and Ponds hunting season. Thereisa need for establishing better wildlife shelter and food supply plantings. This is currently

72 being accomplished on the Hector Land Use Area which is operated by the U.S. Forest Service. If similar practices Calculated Total Deer Take by License Type, 1966 were to be implemented to a significant degree in appro- License Type Calculated Total Deer priate locations throughout the county, more game would be attracted to these public lands and thereby relieve the Regular 540 pressures from browsing on farm lands. Archer 20 Party Permit 526 Small game consists of cottontail rabbit and grey squirrel among others. There is some waterfowl hunting. Total 1,086 EXISTING QUASI-PUBLIC AND Winter Recreation Resources PRIVATE RECREATION FACILITIES Mean temperatures in January range between 23 and 25 degrees with most of Schuyler County falling within the Quasi-Public Recreation cooler part of this range. The mean seasonal snowfall ranges Boy Scouts: between 40 to 60 inches and 60 to 80 inches. Small Camp Gorton Town of Tyrone. portions of the county however, have 80 to 100 inches of Camp Rathbun Town of Tyrone on Waneta Lake. snowfall. Though the county has topographic variety, particu- Social Agency: larly in the southwestern corner and to the east of Seneca Hidden Valley 4-H Club Camp Town of Dix Lake, the limited amount of snowfall in most of the county restricts its potential for major winter sports. There are Educational: currently no ski areas within the county. Camp Arnot Town of Cayuta (Cornell University). Church: Lamoka Bible Conference Camp (Baptist) EXISTING CITY, VILLAGE AND TOWN Town of Tyrone. OUTDOOR RECREATION FACILITIES Private Recreation Areas Village of Montour Falls Family Camping: Municipal Marina, (acreage not known) this park is Lake Grove Park near Alpine (J.W. Allen). on land leased from the state.It contains a marina and camping facilities together with a concession stand and Seneca Highland near Village of Watkins Glen picnic area. (Joseph / Salvatore Chicone), 200 sites. Total park and recreation land, including above, is 30 Rock Stream Campsite near Rock Stream acres on six sites. (Dick and Belle Nelson, Chuck and Jan Nelson), 25 sites. Village of Watkins Glen Paradise Park and Campground near Reading Clute MemorialPark (formerly Lakeside Park) Center (Evert and Elinor VanGelder), 150 sites. contains a beach, camping and trailer sites, and a picnic E. Garley, Charles Reed, Lewis Beardsley area. near Village of Montour Falls. Barge Canal Area Village would like to develop a Kozy's Grove near Bradford (S. Koziatek). park site on a marsh area bordering Old Barge Canal feeder Havana Glen near Village of Montour Falls between Montour Falls and Watkins Glen. (C. Parks). Total park and recreation land, including the above, is Green Valley Lake Tent and Trailer Park 11 acres on 4 sites. near Village of Watkins Glen (A. Huey), 40 sites. Town of Hector Parkland 2 1/2 miles north of Bradford. The town owns a tract of land with frontage on Seneca (L. Davis), 30 sites. Lake. This area is in the process of development. Shooting Preserves Class C 2 preserves. Town of Catharine Marinas and Boat Liveries: The town owns a 56 acre park site. Facilities include a Montour Falls Marina Village of Mor, tniir Falls playground, ballfield, tennis courts and picnic area. (H. Hampton).

73 Boat Tours & Ferry Boat Rides: villages still remain in various locations within the county. Captain Palmer's Boat Ride Village of This has potential developable tourist interest. Watkins Glen (on Seneca Lake). Potential Museums Regulation Golf Courses (Open to Public): Local History Museum. Watkins Glen Village of Watkins Glen, 9 holes. Iroquois Nation Museum to portray the total culture of this Nation. Amusement Parks and Special Features Areas Salt luseum to portray complete history, development Watkins Glen Grand Prix Road Race and use of salt which is such an integral part of the near Watkins Glen Village (2.3 Mile Track). county's economy.

Convention Center To accommodate groups which might EXISTING CULTURAL AND HISTORIC RESOURCES be logical prospects as a result of existing and future research activities being carried out on Seneca Lake. Commentary Schuyler County, at present, has no major cultural attractions. It does have a great deal of potentially developable Indian history, and a number of other imagina- tive ideas are being investigated for feasibility. The enumer- EXISTING FEDERAL, STATE AND COUNTY FACILITIES ation below outlines these potential prospects in lieu of existing cultural and historic facilities. Outdoor recreational facilities operated or owned by federal, state or county agencies are listed in Tables V and Higher Education Institutions VI. Though no colleges or universities are located within the county, a number of interesting projects which are either underway or proposed bear mention here. The use of Steuben County Seneca Lake as an outdoor laboratory, primarily because of its great depth, is the reason these activities are being NATURAL RESOURCE BASE located in this region. Seneca Like is used for study of oceanography by the Scenic and Water Resources College Center of theFinger Lakes, headquartered at Topography: Areas of topographic interest in Steuben Corning Community College, Steuben County, under the County are associated with the major river valleys and their leadership of Dr. Howard Burnett. relatedtributarystreams.Significantscenicareasare centered around Canisteo, Corning and Cohocton. The Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory also carries out deep valleys of the Canisteo, Cohocton and Tioga rivers present water research. They now have a two-man submarine which scenic contrasts between the valley floor and the rugged will be further tested in the lake. Corning Glass is also and often wooded side slopes. Many views are available imerested in this project. from the high ground associated with these valleys. Of particular interest are the views of the vineyards near Sea Grant College (concept is similar to that of a Land Hammondsport. Bully Hill, north of Hammondsport off Giant College) The Federal Government has an interest Route 54A, is an example. in this and will provide funds for the program but not for Other special land form areas are: the physical facilities. The residents have located land with 1:500feetof shorelinealong Seneca Like having a Wagner Glen, Town of Pulteney. A scenic gorge leading to reasonable slope to the land for construction of facilities. It Keuka Lake Valley. is hoped that this land can be purchased as a first step towards establishing the Sea Grant College in Schuyler County. Mitchellsville Creek Gorge, Town of Urbana. A deep and scenic gorge leading to Keuka Like Valley. Chemung Canal Site, located near Montour Falls. Glenn Brook, Town of Urbana. A gorge leading to Keuka Montour Falls It was here, in what was formally known Like Valley. as Queen Catherine's Town, that preliminary plans were made for the formation of the famous Iroquois Indian Hanging Valley, Town of Wayne. Affords a good view of Confederacy. Evidence of some of the Indian culture and vineyards and Keuka Lake. 74 j Obes Glenn, Town of Canisteo. A deep gorge leading to Brown trout are primarily a stream fish while brook trout Keuka Lake Valley. can be found in lakes as well as streams. Lake trout are stocked in Keuka Lake; however, their survival and growth Beaver Dam, Town of Hornby. is marginal. Recent analysis of lake trout revealed a high D.D.T. content, andthis may prove to be a serious Little Niagara Falls, Town of Addison. Waterfalls in a gorge deterrent to their survival. Major trout streams and rivers leading to the Canisteo River. include Canaserago, Meads and Mill creeks, together with the Canisteo and Cohocton rivers. Bear Falls, Town of Tuscarora. A creek gorge and waterfalls leading to the Canisteo River. Fishing Right Easements: Sandhill, Town of Wayland. Hilltop view from an elevation Stream Total Miles of 2,144 feet. Cohocton River 15.0 Hemmers Woods, Town of Wayland. Located on a private Cryder Creek 4.0 farm this woodland, surrounded by potato-growing land, Keuka Lake Inlet 2.5 affords excellent views. Neil Creek 4.5

Cohocton Potato Growing Area, Town of Cohocton. Total 26.0 Excellent views of farmland. Hilltops afford scenic vistas. Total Stocked Trout Waters: West Hill Potato Growing Area, Town of Prattsburg. Excellent views of farfnland. Hilltops afford scenic vistas. Streams 96.2 miles Lakes and Ponds 20.0 acres Grape Growing Area, Town of Urbana. Scenic views of vineyards. There is a relative abundance of warm water streams in the county; however, existing pollution is a deterrent which Old Row! Overlook, Town of Canisteo. Affords view of limits their aesthetic and recreational value. Major warm Canisteo River Valley. water species include walleye pike, and smallmouth and largemouth bass. The walleye pike is stocked in Loon Lake. Call Hill, Town of Hartsville. Excellent hilltop view from A problem on many of the lakes is the continuing elevation of 2,349 feet. increase in the number of motor boats. Tahov Hill, Town of Thurston. Scenic area affording view Game Resources: The abundant white-tailed deer is of Canisteo River Valley. the only big game available in the county. More than 6,500 deer were taken in 1966. The species appears capable of Quackenbush Hill, Town of Corning. Excellent hilltop view. maintaining themselves at the present high level with the existing habitat. Rivers and Streams: Major rivers arethe Canisteo. Small game includes cottontail rabbits, racoon, fox, Cohocton and Tioga, each with many tributaries of varying squirrel and game birds such as grouse, woodcock, wild importance.Inthesouthernportion of thecounty, turkey and pheasant. It should be noted that the pheasant Tuscarora Creek, the North Branch of Tuscarora Creek and population is small due to changing land use practices. Bennett Creek are important water resources. Five-mile Existing habitat also limits other small game population. Creek, which flows into the Cohocton River, is one of the Ducks, geese, and slurebirds are found in the county. major streams in the north central sector of the county, Waterfowl season usually starts in mid-October and extends together with Twelve Mile, Mud and Meads creeks. to early December. Often the small ponds, marshes and Lakes: The only lake of major significance in the waterways that provide suitable habitat are ice-covered by county is Keuka, one of the Finger Lakes chain. The high the middle of November, limiting the value of waterfowl ground above the lake offers scenic views of the lake and hunting. Other limitations are moderate population levels stream valley to the south. and a lack of population growth potential because of unsuitable habitat. Fish and Game Resources Fishery Resources: There are more streams than lakes Winter Recreation Resources suitable for cold water species in the county. Important Mean temperatures in January range between 21 and cold water species include brook, brown and lake trout. 25 degrees. The mean seasonal snowfall varies from 40 to

75 Lakes and Ponds 10 Acres or Larger in Size:

Warm or Cold Water Lake Acres Species Remarks

Almond Reservoir 160 warm Birdseye Hollow Pond 68 Newly constructed wildlife area. Pond designed for waterfowl but will be studied for fish stocking. Built by N.Y.S.C.D. Cranberry Pond 19 warm Cryder Pond 35 warm Demons Pond 26 warm 4

Duck Lake (Mud Lake) 19 1 Erwin Pond 10 cold 3 Goodhue Lake 19 warm Lake Salubria 25 warm Loon Lake 140 warm 4 Louks Pond 19 warm Marl Bed Pond 320 warm Round Lake 13 Filling in rapidly Sanford Lake (Kettle Lake) 13 warm Filling in rapidly Smith Pond 32 warm

918

Legend: 1 = Posted (Private) 3 = Trout Stocked 2 = State Owned 4 = Warm Water Species Stocked

Calculated Total Deer Take by License Type, 1966 inch range, together with topographic suitability. Other winter sports might be developed on areas of higher elevation. However, the county is net competitively suited License Type Calculated Total Deer for major winter recreation development. There are nc ski Regular 2,638 areas within the county. Archer 48 Party Permit 3,633

Total 6,319 EXISTING CITY, VILLAGE AND TOWN 60 inches in the valleys of the Canisteo and Cohocton OUTDOOR RECREATION FACILITIES rivers, as well as other valley areas, to between 80 and 100 inches in scattered locations situated in the western half of the county. Village of Bath Mossy Bank Park, (acreage not known) Affords There are numerous locations:.!;.oughout Steuben overlook of valley area. Offers picnicking. County where vertical descents of 600 feet or more are found. The section south and west of the Canisteo River has the greatest development potential for skiing due to a Village of Hammondsport combination of mean seasonal snowfall in the 80 to 100 Champlain FarkThis is a municipal swimming beach.

76 10U EXISTING QUASI-PUBLIC AND PRIVATE Group Camping (children and/or adults): RECREATION FACILITIES Camp FunTown of Dansville (leased from Finger Lakes Park Commission). Quasi-Public Recreation The Elms (girls camp)Town of Wayne. Girl Scouts: Camp Cooper Town of Bath. Shooting Preserves: Camp Pine-WoodTown of Dansville. Class B Bar Ten Ranch, Inc. Town of Howard Campfire Girls: (c /o Nugent and Burke, Attorneys, City of Hornell). Camp Rathbun Town of Howard. Class C 6 preserves. Social Agency: Rod and Gun Clubs: Corning Community YMCA Summer Day Camp Bath Rod & Gun Club Town of Hornby. near Village of Bath. Canisteo Rod & Gun Club near urch: Village of Canisteo. Addison Rod & Gun Club All Faith Tabernacle Camp Grounds near Town of Bath. Village of Addison. Watson Homestead Town of Campbell. Regulation Golf Courses (Open to Public): John Sherburn near City u; Hornell, 9 holes. Private Recreation Areas Indian Hills near Presho, 9 holes. Family Camping: Kosty's Golf Course near Hornby, 9 holes. Austindale Campsite near Kanona (Earl Austin), 30 sites. (Members Only) Hickory Hill Campsite near Village of Bath Bath Country Club near Village of Bath, 9 holes. (Frank Brundage), 60 sites. Hornell Country Clubnear Village Ferenbaugh Campsites r.,:ar City of Corning of North Hornell, 9 holes. (Norman Callahan), 65 sites. Corning Country Club near City of Corning, 9 holes. Violet Cassonnear Village of Woodhull. Miscellaneous: Paradise Campsite near Rathbone (Earl Fenton). Kewasa Ice Yacht Club Lake Salubria Joseph Karwoskinear Village of Bath. (ice boat racing). Lakeview Campsitesnear Dundee (James & Norma Knapp), 30 sites. EXISTING CULTURAL AND HISTORIC RESOURCES Peter F. Kiklowicznear Bradford. Commentary Major attractions are the Corning Glass James Parkernear Village of Woodhull. Center and the wineries in the vicinity of Hammondsport. Campers Haven near Village of Bath (Archie W. Sprague), 50 sites. Higher Education Institutions Ervin Stanton & Jerry Lake near Village Corning Community College Presents exhibitions, of Prattsburg. lectures and performing arts programs.

William Van Essen near City of Corning. Coming Glass Center, Corning Bonnie Brae Camp near Village of Prattsburg Performing Arts Throughout the year the Glass (Arthur Van Neel), 30 sites. Center sponsors a variety of concerts, lectures and dramas. Babcock Hollow Campsites near Village of Bath During the summer the Corning Summer Theater presents a (Hazel M. Winters), 20 sites. 10-week season of professionally done dramas, comedies and musicials. A number of groups utilize the facilities of Al's Campsitenear Wayne (A. Warren), 50 sites. the Glass Center. These are: White Bush Mountain Campsite Town of Thurston Corning-PaintedPostCivic (A. Risley & C. Snyder). MusicAssociation Sponsors aseries of concerts by touring professional groups.

77 1 Corning Philharmonic Society This amateur group. Hall of Sc.ence and Industry Portrays versatility of under the leadership of a professional conductor, performs glass in contemporary living and industry. an ambitious and varied series of programs each year Steuben Factory Artisans show how crystal is blown featuring both voice and orchestra. and engraved by hand in view of visitors. Glass Center Concerts Series of concerts sponsored by Corning Glass Center. Gallery of Western Art,Corning This gallery, located in Junior Theater Party Sponsors a children's theater. Rockwell's Department Store, displays acollection of original oil paintings and bronzes by Frederick Remington Corning WorkshipPlayers This amateur group and others. Exhibits also include a collection of guns used schedules two major productions each year. At monthly in the West, a display of rare Aurene and Old Steuben glass, meetings members present one-act plays or have lectures on and an exhibit of antique toys. drama, make-up, stage productions and related matters. Corning Museum of Glass Portrays 3.500 years of Southern Tier Arts and Crafts Show,CorningCraftsmen the history a.id art of glass through its collection of ancient throughout theFinger Lakes Region exhibitpainting, glass and other displays. The museum also contains a library sculpture, ceramics, jewelry, woodwork and original fabrics. for research of the history of glass. Some work is for sale.

Glass engraving at the Corning Glass Center.

J11111.--

-4"..""/

78 1 u Town of Erwin Museum, Painted Post Displays of Indian while a northern extension reaches from Spencer to the and other local historical artifacts. Tompkins County line. Approximately one-third of the countyisforested and most of this occursinsmall Dann's Milking Parlor. South of Painted Post on Route 15 woodlots. Where these do occur they are located on the Visitors may watch actual dairy milking operation. steeper uplands.

Site of Early Flight Trials, Pleasant Valley This is the Other land form areas are: location of the early flight trials by aviation pioneer Glenn HiawathaIsland.Thisisascenicislandinthe Curtiss. Susquehanna River near Owego. It is 7 miles long and 4 miles wide with an elevation of 850 feet, Glenn H. Curtiss Museum, Hammondsport A converted schoolhouse, this museum featuresn1914 Jenny in which Rivers and Streams: The Susquehanna River is the World War I pilots were trained. Also includes various other county's major water resource,Itslargesttributaryis flying memorabilia. Owego Creek. Other important streams include Apalachin, Catatonk, Cayuta, Doolittle, Ellis, Little Nanticoke, Pipe, Wine Making Industry Wappasening and Wilson creeks. WineryTours GreatWestern,Taylorand Lakes: Spencer Lake is the only body of water of any Hammondsport wineries inPleasantValley: Gold Seal size in Tioga County. Winery on west shore of Keuka Lake on Route 54A. Fish and Game Resources Finger Lakes Wine Museum, north of Hammondsport, off Middle RoadThis is the location where Walter Taylor Fishery Resources: This county has a fair amount of mileagein adefinite lack of startedmaking winein1883.ItisthefirstTaylor rivers and streams, but production plant and the museum, housed therein, displays sufficient lake and pond fisheries. Trout can be found in some of the original presses and other winernaking equip- the cold water streams while such warm water fish as ment. pickerel, bullhead. offish, yellow perch, smallmouth and la:,y2mouth bass and walleye pike can be obtained from Winemakers Shop This shop, located next door to some of the lakes and ponds. the museum, has displays showing how to make wine at home. It sells equipment and books related to this activity. Fishing Right Easements: Village of Wayland This village has a number of woodworkers. The product of their efforts are on sale Stream Total Miles locally. E. Branch Owego Creek 0.110 EXISTING FEDERAL, STATE AND COUNTY FACILITIES Total 0.110 Outdoor recreational facilities operated or owned by federal, state and county agencies are listed in Tables V and VI. Total Stocked Trout Waters:

Tioga County Streams 47.8 miles Lakes and Ponds None NATURAL RESOURCE BASE Scenic and Water Resources Topography: The most prominent topographic feature Game Resources:A good white-tailed deer range of Tiogv County is the valley created by the Susquehanna covers the entire county. Ring-necked pheasants, however, River. This valley, located in the southern part of the are practically non-existent, while the grouse range is fair to county, lies in a generally east-west direction. The valley good. With respect to cottontail rabbit and varying hare, floor rdief varies from nearly level to rolling. In isolated the ranges are fair and fair to poor, respectively. areas itis hilly to steep. The valley walls rise sharply as much as 500 feet in less than a quarter mile in some areas. Winter Recreation Resources The upland portions of the county, which are located both Mean temperatures in January range between 23 and north and south of the Susquehanna River Valley, are 25 degrees. The mean seasonal snowfall ranges between 40 deeply dissected by the valleys of tributary streams. In the and 60 inches on the valley floors to 00 to 80 inches at northwest a wide valley extends westward from Candor, higher elevations.

79 1 U There are few sites with sufficient vertical descents to Calculated Total Deer Take by License Type, 1966 warrant ski development. This, combined with a limited amount of snowfall, suggests that winter recreation of any magnitude is not likely to be successful. There are no ski License Type Calculated Total Deer areas in Tioga County. Regular 779 The potential for other types of winter recreation is Archer 26 also limited exceptforselectedsites which might be Party Permit 684 developed to serve the residents' needs for sledding and tobogganing. Total 1,489

Lakes and Ponds 10 Acres or Larger in Size:

Warm or Cold Water Lake Acres Species Remarks

Mutton Hill Pond 18 warm 1 Spencer Lake 77 warm 1, No recent data Ch-P9 10 warm 1, Waverly water works Ch-P10 10 warm 1, Waverly water works SUS-P9 25 warm

Total 140

EXISTING CITY, VILLAGE AND TOWN OUTDOOR HiawathaIsland Thisislandlocatedinthe RECREATION FACILITIES Susquehanna River near the Village of Owego, is proposed for acquisition. Village of Spencer Nichols Park (acreage not known) This facility has EXISTING QUASI-PUBLIC AND a lake which is currently not suitable for use. The Village PRIVATE RECREATION FACILITIES has commenced general restoration of the park and lake with a view toward providing swimming and picnicking. Quasi-Public Recreation Girl Scouts: Village of Newark Valley Camp En-Vee Town of Newark Valley. Trout Pond Park, (acreage not known) Existing park The Dogwood Day CampTown of Owego. is in poor condition and trout pond's habitat is poor. The Hilltop Day Camp Town of Owego. Village has developed a plan for improving the park and Villa Day CampTown of Owego. pond. The park is currently used for picnicking, baseball and outdoor meetings. Campfire Girls: Camp Miakata Town of Richford. Town of Owego Private Recreation Areas Hickories Park, 112 acres This park, one mile east of the Village of Owego, is currently under development. It Family Camping: has a3,000-footfrontage on the north bank of the Mr. & Mrs. Gordon Glover near Village Susquehanna River. Much of the Riverissuitable for of Newark Valley. boating, swimming and fishing. Ultimate capacity will be Ketchum Hills Campsites near Village 5,000 people. of Newark Valley (W. E. Ketchum), 18 sites.

80 Spencer Lake Campsites near Village Ti-awanga Players, Owego This amateur group presents of Spencer (Jacques Mouillesseaux). dramas and musicals. Hidden Lake near Village of Waverly (A. 0. Swanson), 50 sites. EXISTMIG FEDERAL, STATE AND COUNTY Cole Road Campsite near Barton FACILITIES iVirgil Van Netta). Outdoor re;:reational facilities owned or operated by Group Camping (children and/or adults): federal, state or county agencies are listed in Tables V and Camp Truman Town of Owego. VI.

Dude Ranches: El Rancho De Paznear Village of Owego. Tompkins County

Shooting Preserves: Scenic and Water Resources Class A Typography: Tompkins County's topography is some- Mile Lane Shooting Preserve Town of Barton what typical of the ringer Lakes region, inthatitis (J. Bergman). characterizedby numerous gorges andwaterfalls.Its dominant feature is Cay....ga, one of the Finger Lakes, which Class B provides amajor scenic focal point. The high ground McLean Hill Private Shooting Preserve adjacen`tothislakeprovides many scenic vistas and Town of Owego (J. Barnes). panoramas. Numerous valleysradiateoutinstar-like fashion from the southern tip of Cayuga Lake. The portion Class C I preserve of the county south of Ithaca contains the most interesting topography as itis considerably more rugged and irregular Regulation Golf Courses (Open to Public): than that to the north. CatatonkVillage of Candor, 9 holes. Other special land form areas are: Newark Valley Village of Newark Valley, 18 holes. Taughannock Falls, Taughannock Falls State Park. This is ApP'achin near Apalachin, 9 holes. the longest straight drop waterfalls east of the Mississippi Ca.:dor Village of Candor, 9 holes. River. Itis 215 feet high and exceeds Niagara Falls by 50 feet but is of much smaller volume.

Buttermilk Falls, Buttermilk Falls State Park. The creek EXISTING CULTURAL AND HISTORIC RESOURCES descends more than 500 feet in less than a mile, and passes through a series of dramatic cascades, rapids and waterfalls. Commentary There are no major cultural attractions in Tioga County. Existing facilities emphasize kcal history. Robert H. Treman State Park. The upper and lower sections of this park are connected by a deep gorge in which 12 Tioga County Historical Museum, Owego This museum waterfalls occur. These can he viewed from a trail three features items of local historical interest including paint- miles in length. ings, pewter and Indian and Revolutionary War artifacts. Fall Creek, Cascadilla Creek and Six Mile Creek. Precipitous Livermore Museum of Natural History, Owego Located gorges with waterfalls in the City of Ithaca. in a 200-year-old building, it houses a collection of over 20,000 specimens of plants, flowers, birds and animals, Van Buskirk Gorge, Lick Brook, Coy Glen and Locke paintings, antiques and Indian relics. Creek. These streams have been recommended by a County Resource Development Committee for preservation because Payne Museum, Spencer Displays Colonial, Indian and of their scenic qualities. All are now in private ownership. Civil War relics as well as an old time blacksmith and cobbler's shop. Rivers and Streams: Majorcreeksinthe county include Taughannock Creek, Enfield Creek, Cayuga Inlet, Gem Vespers Museum, Barton Exhibits of events in the Buttermilk Creek, Six Mile Creek, Fall Creek and Salmon life of Christ as depicted in colorful beadwork and gems. Creek.

81 1 u Lakes and Reservoirs: Cayuga Lake is the largest lake in the county, though only a portion of its total length lies Lakes and Ponds 10 Acres or Larger in Size: within the county line. This is the second largest Finger Lake. There are three small lakes worthy of mention: Dryden Lake, Danby Pond and Beebe Lake. In addition. there are three reservoirs located on Six Mile Creek. These, Warm or however, are a part of the City of Ithaca's water supply and Cold Water are not available for other use. The source of Six Mile Creek Lake Acres Species Remarks is a scenic area containing two small waterfalls. Beebe Lake 10 warm Cornell U. Fish and Game Resources Dryden Lake 100 warm 1 15 1 FisheryResources: The presence of Cayuga Lake, Jennings Pond warm together with various streams and warm water lakes and Potter Falls 191 warm I Ithaca Water ponds, permit nearly year-round fishing. Each of these Trenian Lake 10 warm 1 habitats is fairly distinctive with respect to the species they support. 336

Lake trout, Atlantic salmon, northern pike, rock bass *Cayuga Lake 64,000 lake trout 3 and smelt are commonly found onlyin Cayuga Lake. (total size)smallmouth bass Rainbow, brook and brown trout are found in cold water rainbow trout streams as well as Cayuga Lake. Warm water species include and perch smallmouth and largemouth bass, piekeel, brown bullheads, yellow perch and various sunfishes. The variety. size *Only a portion of this lake is in Tompkins County so itis not included in totals. and abundance of the fishery resources attractmany fishermen from areas outside the county. is expected that they will remain the most popular small Fishing Right Easements: game mimal sought by hunters in terms of numbers bagged and days afield. Gray squirrels are well distributed through- Stream Total Miles out the county and both red and gray foxes are native to the area. Cayuga Inlet 5.481 Among game birds the ruffed grouse is the most firmly Fall Creek 3.245 established. Most of the range is located in the wooded Owasco Inlet 3.017 southernportionandisgradually moving northward. Salmon Creek 0.544 Ring-necked pheasants have undergone a long -term decline in Tompkins County as well as elsewhere in the Project Total 12.287 Area. The establishment of wildturkeysiscurrently Total Stocked Trout Waters: underway. Though hunting for them is not yet allowed, it appearsthatestablishmenteffortsto date have been Streams 101.8 miles successful. Lakes and Ponds None Calculated Total Deer Take by License Type. 1966

Game Resources: The white-tailed deer is the only big game species available for hunting. As agricultural Ian .IN go License Type Calculated Total Dee' out of production andrevertbacktoforest( over, somewhat higher numbers of deer can be expected. The Regular 510 highest deer kills occur in the southern section of the Archer county, where large areas of woodland cover are available. Party Permit 355 Future increases will probably be inure pronounced in the northern portion, inthe rural areas retiring from agri- Total 004 culture. Racoons are in such abundance that complaints have Inthe spring and fall Cayuga Lake attracts a wide been made both by crop growers and urbanites. Hunting for variety of ducks. Canada geese use the lake as a resting area thisspeciesisgood.Inaddition,thecounty hasa and the lake and local marsh areas host mallards, black considerable amount of land suitable to cottontail rabbit. It ducks and wood ducks.

82 lUU Winter Recreation Resources Social Agency: Mean temperatures in January range between 21 and Cayuga Preventorium Town of Ulysses 23 degrees. The mean seasonal snowfall ranges between 40 (Ithaca Youth Center). and 60 inches adjacent to, and south of, Cayuga Lake to 60 to 80 inches in the remainder of the county. The only Educational: exception to the foregoing is a small area on the east central Ithaca Speech Clinic CampTown of Danby border near Beam Hill where between 80 to 100 inches of (Ithaca College). snowfall occurs. Church: Thegreatesttopographic varietyis the found in Grand View Camp (Nazarene) Town of Caroline. southernthird of the county. Locations with suitable vertical descents for skiing, however, are limited. This Nature Conservancies and Sanctuaries: factor, combined with a limited amount of snowfall, places constraints upon developing winter recreation as a major Cornell University Owned attraction. There are no ski areas within Tompkins County. Cornell Plantations adjoins University along Fall Creek. EXISTING CITY, VILLAGE AND TOWN Arnot Forest Town of Newfield. OUTDOOR RECREATION FACILITIES Natural Areas (to be preserved in natural conditions for ecological studies and City of Ithaca biological field trips). Stewart Park, 180 acres This park has tennis courts, LloydCornell McLean Reservation playgrounds, picnic areas, a zoo, and offers opportunity for Village of McLean. fishing and nature study. The area is located on the south shore of Cayuga Lake and has a beach. Slaterville Wild Flower Preserve along Six Mile Creek. Leon H. Cass Marina Park, 100 acres The park is located along the west point of the Inlet to Cayuga Lake Lloyd Cornell Ringwood Wildlife Preserves and offers facilities for picnicking in addition to having a between Fall Creek and Cascadilla Creek. marina of 312 boat slips, and a boat launching area. South Hill Bognorth of East King Road. Southwest Park, 60 acres This is proposed for near Ithaca College. acquisition. County Airport Area surrounding County Airport. Totalparkandrecreationland, exclusive of the Sapsucker Woods southeast of county Airport. proposed acquisition, is 320 acres. Laboratory of Ornithology Observation. Village of Danby Other Jennings Pond, 25 acres A public bathing beach. Fuertes Bird Sanctuary Town of Ithaca. Private Recreation Areas Town of Lansing Family Camping: Lansing Town Park, 34 acres This lakeside park Babbling Brook Kampsites near Newfield located at Myers Point on Cayuga Lake provides swimming (Jim Ray & Clinton Poole), 50 sites. and picnicking facilities and a boat launching area. Six Mile Campground near Brooktondaie (Omar Mu lks), 50 sites. Spruce Row Campsitenear City of Ithaca EXISTING QUASI-PUBLIC AND PRIVATE (Charles & Jeanne Lueder), RECREATION FACILITIES Willowood Camp near Newfield Quasi-Public Recreation (James & Dorothy Gordon), 100 sites. Boy Scouts: Frank & Adele Dorn near Brooktondale. Camp Barton Town of Ulysses. Marinas and Boat Liveries: Girl Scouts: Finger Lakes Marina Service, Inc. Lansing. Camps Comstock and BailiwickTown of Ulysses. Freeman's Motor Marina, Inc.City of Ithaca.

. 83 1u, Johnson Boat Yard and Marina City of Ithaca. Martha Van Rensselaer Art Room This gallery Marine Harbor near City of Ithaca exhibits primarily objects where fabrics and other unusual (east shore of Cayuga Lake). materials are incorporated into the work. WillardStraightHall Exhibition room witha Regulation Golf Courses permanentcollection.Student and faculty shows are (Open to Public) presented as well as posters, graphics and photographs. The Groton Golf and Recreation Association distinguished permanent collectioncontaining work by near Vige of Groton, 18 holes. Henry Moore, Jacob Epstein, Ben Shahn and others is Ithaca Country Club City of Ithaca, 18 holes. distributed throughout the building. Hillendale Golf Course City of Ithaca, 9 holes. Contemporary Arts Festival A festival held in the Dryden Lake Golf Course near Village of Dryden, spring includes activities in the visual, musical and dramatic arts. 9 holes. Bailey Hall Blue and Green Series Various classical Cedar View Golf Course Town of Lansing, 9 holes. music and operatic performances. Newman Municipal Course City of Ithaca, 9 holes. Chamber Music Series. Cornell Symphony Orchestra. (Members Only) Cornell Symphony Band. Cornell University Golf Course Sage Chapel Organ Concerts. near City of Ithaca, 18 holes. CornellUniversity Theater Bringsto campus a number of plays throughout the school year performed by Miscellaneous national touring companies. Ithaca Yacht Club. Cornell University Summer Theater A University- sponsored dramatic group which gives four performances during the summer session. EXISTING CULTURAL AND HISTORIC RESOURCES Cornell Dramatic Club A student organization that produce a schedule of plays. Commentary The City of Ithaca provides perhaps the Drummond Studio Theater Produces a variety of greatest array of cultural opportunities of any single arca in plays during the school year. the Southern Tier. Most of these are focused in Cornell Barnes Players A small group dedicated to the University and Ithaca College; however, the city itself offers production of unusual plays. a number of additional activities. The proposed Ithaca Festival and Recreation Complex will make a significant Ithaca College, Ithaca. regional contribution when it is completed. Ithaca College Concerts The college sponsors a variety of concerts and recitals throughout the year. Higher Education Institutions Ithaca College Dramatic Society A student Coup Cornell University (including SUNY Colleges of Agri- which presents an annual program of plays. culture,VeterinaryMedicine, Home Economics and Ithaca College Museum of Art Specializes in con- Industrial and Labor Relations): temporary art shows in the spring. Most paintings are Andrew Dickson White Museum of Art Changing art devoted to landscape of the local area. shows of a quality equal to that of any metropolitan Summer Art Show Local amateurs and Cornell cultural center. Many exhibits come from outside galleries professors show at the Ithaca High School as part of the and museums. In addition, the gallery has several rooms of Summer Ithaca Cultural Program. Sculpture and paintings an historical nature featuring possessions of Andrew White, are both presented. Cornell's first president, and the furnishings from a late Rennaissancecastle. Also featuredisan ancientglass New York State Crafts Fair, Ithaca Exhibits work of collection. craftsmen from allof New York State. Lectures and Franklin Hall Gallery Presents student and faculty demonstrations are given on craft techniques. shows. Upstairs Gallery, Ithaca A commercial gallery showing SibleyHallGallery Architecturalexhibits and the work of a variety of regional, national and international student shows. painters.

84 Ithaca Civic Opera Association, Ithaca Performs one or the Ithaca Festival which will feature the performing arts. more operas each season. The group also has a workshop Ultimately its facilities will house programs in repertory for operatic training and recitals, theater, concert music, dance, films and the visual arts.

Gallery 121, Ithaca An art gallery. Covered Bridge, Newfield. DeWitt Historical Society Museum, Ithaca. EXISTING FEDERAL, STATE AND COUNTY FACILITIES Center for the Arts (proposed), Ithaca This comprehensive project; upon completion, will offer a wide range of Outdoor recreational facilities owned or operated by cultural, educational and recreational opportunities.Its federal, state or county agencies are listed in Tables V and impact will be regional in scope, This is to be the home of VI.

CHAPTER VI Summary of Governmental and Institutional Programs for Recreational and Cultural Resources Development *

Thissectiondealswiththe plans, programs and at least 68 separate agency programs administered by nine activities of the Fer',:.ral, State, local and regional agencies Executive Departments, ten independent agencies, and the and organizations concerned with outdoor recrt tion and Office of Economic Opportunity. Within each of these cultural resources. It deals, more particularly, with those programs are numerous specialized and specifically oriented apparently having directrelationship to the14-county sub-programs which fit within the overall framework of the regioi, under consideration. Though research was required major program objectives. This complexity of organization to compile the information contained in the text and the frustratesunderstanding of theFederalGovernment's related appendices, some omissions are etll within the programs, plans and activities. realm of possibility due to the complexity of the subject By way of illustrating the impact of these programs i mat ter. isestimated that approximately $800 million a year is Theexaminationrevealsthatmanydivergent budgeted by the Federal government for various recreation, influences are operative within the Project Arca. It is also cultural and historic purposes. Approximately half of this evident that each influence is functioning in comparative total is available for technical assistance and grants-in-aid. isolation with regard to the interests and activities of other The funds from these programs are available for use by similarly ')riented organizations. This creates the obvious stategovernmentagencies,localgovernment agencies, situation where duplication, overlap and omission walk non-profit agencies and organizations and individuals. Each hand-in-hand throughout the often intricate relationships program stipulates to whom the funds may be dispursed that exist between individual interests. While this section is essentiallyconfinedtoaninventoryof theexisting *This sectionisretainedforitsusefulness in summarizing relevant government programs, although changes in state units have situation, it provides fundailental information that will he made some information out of date. Chief of these was the used in subsequent efforts to recommend procedures for formation on July 1, 1970, of two new stateagencies: the coordinating plans and policies concerning recreation and Department of Environmental Conservation, and the Office of Parks cultural resources with other resources. and Recreation. The first agency continues many responsibilities of the former Conservation Department and adds ones of air, water and solid Federal Agencies and Programs wastes units from the Department of Health, of pesticide control from the Department of Agriculture and Markets, and of the Natural Beauty Commission from the Office for Local Government, The number and variety of Federal programs having a The second new agency carries on work of the State Council of director indirectbearing upon recreation, cultural or Parks and of the Divisions of Parks, Motor Boats and Fish and historic development is extremely large. In total, there are Caine, formerly in the Conservation Depart ment, u, 85 and often more than one level of government is eligible. It Thethreemain commissions created in1885to must be emphasized, however, that not all programs have administer the Forest Preserve Lands have evolved into the been funded. It is sufficient to note in this regard that the presentState Conservation Department. The activities, financial demand upon the programs by those seeking plans and programs of this department together with other assistanceis often greater than the funds available for state organizations having a significant role in the field of distribution. recreation,culturaland historic resources are detailed following the Federal programs. The National Recreation and Park Association in their publication Federal Assistance for Recreation and Parks In addition to the various divisions lodged within the categorizes the multitude of Federal programs under six Conservation Department having pertinence to this study general headings for purposes of identifying the type of are divisions located within the Executive Department, assistance. The headings are: acquisitions of land, develop- Departments of Agriculture and Markets, Commerce and ment of recreation facilities, equipment, personal services, Health. These administrative departments, however, have technical and advisory services and training and formal no corner on the market, because many interstate and state education. The foregoing are adequately descriptive as to commissions, authorities,agencies and legislative com- types of assistance that are available. mittees also add their numbers to the increasingly complex ThenineFederalExecutiveDepartments having array of agencies active in matters related to recreation and agency programs relating to some aspect of recreation and cultural resources. A totalling of these reveals some 23 state cultural development are the United States Departments of governmental functions in all. Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Health, Education and Welfare, Housing and Urban Development, Interior, Labor, Local Government Transportation, and Treasury. Of these, the most significant programs are mounted by Agriculture, Defense, Housing The traditionalunits of local government are the and Urban Development, Interior, and Transportation. counties, towns, cities and incorporated villages. It is at the An examinationof the major programs of these local level of the governmental hierarchy, that the legal agencies together with certain of the independent agencies authority to zone land and promulgate subdivision regula- has been made. The programs are catalogued under head- tions resides. More particularly, state enabling legislation ingsastheyrelatetorecreation,culture, historyor grants these powers to towns, cities and villages. Units of economic assistance. Only those major programs whose local government also have thelegal right to establish main concern deals with one of these headings is included. planning boards. The only exception to this is when a town Emphasis has been placed on programs deemed to have hasnoplanning board.Inthiscase,the countyis particular utility for the unique needs of the 14-county area empowered to control subdivi6ans. under study. Considerable responsibility for planning implementation, therefore, is focused at the local level of government. Likewise, these uni :are accountable for supplying local New York State Agencies and Programs needs with regardto outdoor recreation, cultural and historic facilities. The State of New York has long held a prestigious position with regard toits administrative policies and In the counties where formal governmental structure programs inthe management of its natural, recreation, for planning is weak, the tendency is for a higher level of cultural and historic resources. A result of this active government to move in and fill the void. Thus, even though interest has been the evolution over an extended period of a cursory glance makes it evident that most policy and years of an array of governmental units approaching the program activity, in outdoor recreation particularly, begins complexity of the Federal establishment, at the local level, itis actually being effected by forces outside of the local governmental structure. The impetus of Efforts within the state in the field of conservation most grass-root "planning" in the weaker rural counties is date to 1872, when a prominent Adirondack surveyor being done by such agriculturally-oriented organizations as recommendedthecreation of an "Adirondack Park". the Resource, Conservation and Development Districts, Though no concrete results emerged from this recommen- Cooperative Extension Service and the Soil Conservation dation, the seed was sown for future action. Subsequent to Service. this, in 1885, the State Legislature passed an act establishing the Forest Preserve, together with an administrative The foregoing is not as pronounced when the county agency to oversee this vast resource. This represented a level of government is exerting leadership. One evidence of "first" with respect to governmental action at state level for such leadershipisthe existenceat county level of a the preservation and use of a wilderness area. professional planning staff. In these counties the creation of

86 11u policy and program formation and implementation resides identification of these interests. The next section of text within, rather than external to, local government. provides a detailed examination of their activities, plans and The complexity of federal and state agencies involved Frogra ms in some manner with outdoor recreation, cultural and historic areas has been noted above. This complexity is further compounded by the fact that there are 416 units of DETAILED LISTINGS OF ACTIVITIES AND PROGRAMS local government(i.e.counties,cities, towns, villages) operating within the Project Area. These units account for Recreation Oriented Federal Programs slightly more than 25 percent of the total of 1,610 local units of government within the state as a whole. In marked U.S. Department of Agriculture contrast to this percentage the Project Area had a 1965 Agency: Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation population of approximately 6 percent of the total state Service. population as estimated by the Office of Planning Coor- Program: Cropland Adjustment Program. dination. This relationship between population and the number of local governmental units suggests a key problem Description: Encourages farmers to divert cropland in the Appalachian Region pertaining to local government's from farming of crops in ample supply to recreation and related uses. The legislation provides for grants to state and capacity to formulate and implement policies and programs on recreation and cultural resources. localgovernmental agencies foracquisition of eligible cropland andfortheimplementation of conservation measures required to make the land suitable for recreation Regional Agencies and Organizations Within the Study Area use. The grant can equal the smaller of either 50% of the An increasingly important aspect of the total complex land cost or the amount that would have been paid the of state and local activity is the terdency of governmental farmer had he entered the land in the Cropland Adjustment unitstoeithersub-divideor merge, respectively, for Program. Cost sharing in the amount of 50% may also be purposes of establishing manageable and cohesive regional available for conservation practices. Funds not available for components. The result of this is a burgeoning number of construction or remodeling. regionally oriented geographic configurations superimposed For further information write: on other, more traditional, political jurisdictions. Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service Summary Rm. 416. Midtown Plaza Building 700 East Water Street The following enumeration indicates the multiplicity Syracuse, New York 13210 of agencies and organizations whose plans, policies and activities focus upon the 14-county region, and who have as a major area of concern some aspect of outdoor recreation and cultural resources development. Only those identified in this report are enumerated. Agency: Farmers Home Administration. Program: Loans for Recreation Purposes. Description: Providesloanstoindividualfamily Federal 19 farmers and to nonprofit groups and local public bodies in Interstate and communities not exceeding 5,500 people. Loans may be Interstate-Federal 4 used for land acquisition and construction of recreation New York State facilities. Funds may also include the cost of personal State 23 services related to planning and construction. In addition, Local Government 416 all loans include management and technical advice and Regional Agencies supervision in all operational phases. & Organizations 32 For further information write:

Total 494 Farmers Home Administration It is obvious that such an abundant number of vgencies Rm. 412, Midtown Plaza Building and organizations concerned with outdoor recreation and 700 East Water Street cultural resources presents a major problem of communica- Syracuse, New York 132l0 tion and coordination. A major first step, however, is the

87 Agency: Soil Conservation Service. the value of planning and the necessity of sound decision Program: Small Watershed Program. making. Description: 50% cost sharing assistance is given to For further information write: sponsoring local organizations for land acquisition, ease- Work Unit Conservationist (in each county) ments and rights-of-way for reservoirs and other areas. 50% Soil Conservation Service cost sharing financial assistance is also provided for develop- U.S. Department of Agriculture ment of recreation facilities which are an integral part of approved watershed work plans. Technical and advisory services are also provided. For further information write: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Soil Conservation Service Program: Comprehensive Planning Assistance Program Midtown Plaza Building (701 Program). 700 East Water Street Syracuse, New York 13210 Description: Provides grants to small communities, counties, states and metropolitan areas for comprehensive development planning programs. Considerations of recreation, cultural and historic factors are an integral part of Agency: Soil Conservation Service. the comprehensive planning process and one value of this programis Program: Appraisals of Potentials for Outdoor Recre- thatproperrelationships between various ation Development. components of the plan can be achieved by comprehensive examination. Grants may be used together with other Description: Thisis anationwideprogram being planning funds provided by other Federal programs. carried out in the field by Work Unit Conservationists in For further information write to nearest OPC District most counties with the exception of densely urbanized Office: metropolitan areas. The program is currently underway and is a one-time effort to appraise the potentials for future Western District Office outdoor recreation areas within each county. The informa- State Office of Planning Coordination tion and conclusions itprovides will be useful to local, 125 South Main Street state, and federal agencies and others involved in recreation Buffalo, New York 14203 planning and programming. Central New York Office For further information write: State Office of Planning Coordination 109 South Warren Street Work Unit Conservationist (in each county) Syracuse, New York 13202 Soil Conservation Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Program: Open Space Land & Urban Beautification & Improvement (Title VII)

Agency: Soil Conservation Service Description: Open SpaceAcquisiti9t, and Develop- Program: Resource Conservation and Development ment Grants not exceeding 50% of the total cost of Plans (RC&D). acquisition and development may be used to purchase land for parks and recreation, conservation or historic and scenic Description: The Food and Agricultural Act of 1962 purposes. authorized RC&D. The Soil Conservation Service has USDA administrative responsibility and leadership for activities Open Space Land in Built-up Urban Areas Grants related to this program. The projects are locally initiated not exceeding 50% of the cost of acquiring title and of and sponsored under the leadership of Cooperative Exten- demolishing and removing improvements may be made to sionSpecialists,Soil and Water Conservation Districts, states and local bodies to assist in purchase of developed Boards of Supervisors and other local, state and federal land in built-up urban areas be cleared for use as open interests. The program stimulates a regional approach to space land. meet local resource problems and improve local economy. Urban Beautification and Improvement Grants to Theparticipantscarryout an inventory and analyze states and local bodies for the beautification and improve- physical, human and institutional resources in conjunction ment of public lands. Grants may not exceed 50% of the with informational and educational programs dealing with amount by which the cost of activities carried on by the

1 applicant under an approved program exceed itsusual Agency: Army Corps of Engineers. expenditures for comparable activities. 90% grants are Program: NavigationImprovementsandSmall available for projects demonstrating new and improved Harbors. methods for urban beautification and improvement. Description: The Corps plans, constructs, and main- In addition, technical and advisory services are avail- tains harbors and channels for purposes of navigation. If able to state and local government agencies to perform recreational boating benefits would occur, and the project certain services. can be justified economically, the Federal Government may For further information write: share in allocated recreation costs up to 50 percent thereof Region I, Regional Office and may assure maintenance of structures and dredged U.S. Dept. of Housing & Urban Development areas related to the Federal project. 26 Federal Plaza New York, New York 10007 Agency: Army Corps of Engineers. Program: Federal Water Project Recreation Act of 1965. Description: This act states that the Federal Govern- U.S. Department of Defense ment can assure up to 50% of the costs of recreational Agency: Army Corps of Engineers. development at a water resources project and ail of the Program: Civil Works Program. joint costs allocated to recreation. Recreation and fish and wildlife enhancement are eligible if local interests agree to Description: Includes projects for navigation, flood 50% participation of the separable costs, all operation costs, control, shore protection, and related water resources maintenanceand replacement. This applies to all water development. These projects create recreational potential resource development agencies. that may be developed for public use. Various laws and policies define the degree of Federal assistance and non- Federal responsibilities. Agency: Army Corps of Engineers. Program: Acquisition of Land. Agency: Army Corps of Engineers. Description: States. local governments and nonprofit associations may be &anted leases for recreational use at no Program: Flood Control Act. cost on lands of a Corps project. Description: Authorizes Chief of Engineers to con- For further information write: struct, operate, and maintain public park and recreation facilitiesat water resource development projects under U.S. Army Engineer District jurisdiction of Department of the Army. Local interests are Foot of Bridge Street permitted to conskruct, operate and maintain such facilities. Buffalo, New York 14207 Projects may include, in addition to reservoirs, other types or of projects providing a potential for recreational use related U.S. Army Engineer District to the project. In addition, leases may be granted for lands 1 1 1 East 16th Street and structures or facilities thereon. New York. New York 10003

Agency: Army Corps of Engineers. Program: Beach Protection and Stal,.''zation Program U.S. Department of the Interior (Rivers and Harbors Act of 1962, Sec. 103). Agency: Bureau of Outdoor Recreation. Description: The Federal Government may participate in the cost of projects for restoration and protection of Program: Land and Water Conservation Fund Grant state, county, and other publicly owned shore parks and Program. conservation areas. Federal assistance may not exceed 70 Description: Provides 50% grants to states and through percent of the total cost, exclusive of land costs, when such them to other sub-units of states for planning of facilities, areas include a zone where permanent human habitation is acquisition of land and development of public outdoor excluded. recreation areas and facilities. 50% matching funds are

89 1_a available for land acquisition, development and recreation U.S. Department of Transportation equipment, for access roads to puolic use areas, scenic roads Agency: Bureau cf Public Roads. and parkways, conservation, open space parks and recre- Program: Highway Beautification Act. ation areas, and fish and wildlife sanctuaries. Salaries of employees forplanning, acquisition or Description: Authorizes federal payment to states of development of approved projects are usually eligible for 75% of the cost to control outdoor advertising, landscaping and screening junkyards. Additionally, the Secretary may support. Additionally, technical and advisory services by BOR's staff are available for certain types of recreation approve up to 100% funding of landscapes and roadside planning, development, including acquisition and development of publicly owned and controlled rest and recreation areas as a For further information write: part of Federal-aid highway construction. Regional Director Federal funds to give 100% grants to state highway Bureau of Outdoor Recreation departments who may then give 100% to local governments U.S. Courthouse for local roads which are part of the Federal-aid highway 9th and Chestnut Streets system for land acquisition and development for such Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107purposes as historic preservation, preservation of natural beauty visible from the highway, roadside beautification, Agency: Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. rest area parks, screening and the like. Program: Federal Aid in Fish and Wildlife Restoration. An importantpolicy statementregarding highway Description: Provides financial assistance to state fish encroachment on parklands is included as a part of the and game departments for projects to restore, conserve, and Federal Highway Act of 1966 and is worthy of note here. manage fish and wildlife resources in the amount of 75% of Itis hereby declared to he the national policy that in the cost for allowable land acquisition, development of carrying out the provisions of this title, the Secretary recreation facilities for enhancing hunting, fishing or fish shall use maximum effort to preserve Federal, state and and wildlife restoration, and salaries of employees of state local government parklands and historic sites and the fish and game agencies to perform functions consistent with beauty and historic value of such lands and sites. The program objectives. The program will also share the ...o2t of Secretary shall cooperate with the states in developing management and research activities. highway plans and programs which carry out such Technical and advisory services are available in connec- policy. After July1, 1968, the Secretary shall not tion with animal control and wildlife enhancement. approve under Section 105 of this title any program for a project which requires the use for such project of For further information write: any land from a Federal, stet! or local government Regional Director park or historic site unless such program included all Bureau of Sport Fisheries & Wildlife possible planning including consideration of alterna- U.S. Post Office and Courthouse tives to the use of such land, to minimize any harm to Boston, Massachusetts 02109 such park or site resulting from such use. For further information write: Agency: Federal Water Pollution Control Administra- tion. ttc v,Regional Engineer U.S. Bureau of Public Roads Description: Objective is to provide adequate water 4 Normanskill Boulevard quality for all legitimate water uses including recreation and Delmar, New York 12054 fishand aquaticwildlife.Freetechnicalassistanceis provided to federal, state, interstate, municipal, industrial or private groups or agencies. Additionally, comprehensive NA,atelpollution control projects for river basins are also Culturally Oriented Federal Programs prepared: For further information write: National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities Description: Established in 1965 to promote support Division of Pure Waters for the arts and humanities. The National Endowment for New York State Dept. of Health the Arts and the National Endowment for the Humanities 84 Holland Avenue are responsible for carrying out a program of grants-in-aid Alkny, New York 12208 to state and other public agencies. indivivals, non-profit groups and institutions.

90 The National Endowment for the Arts allocates funds Historically Oriented Federal Programs annually to state art agencies on a 50-50 matching basis. U.S. Department of the Interior Projects of exceptional merit, national significance and major educational value to the arts planned by public park Agency: National Park Service. and recreation agencies may qualify. Facilities especially Program: Historic Preservation Act. designed for artists and performers use, or for nationally Description: TitleI based on need for program significant recreational programs may also be applied for by grants 50% matching funds to states for preparing compre- park and recreation agencies. hensivestatewidehistoric surveys and plans; and for acquisition, preservation and development of these prop- For further information write: ertiesbystateand!leafgovernments. Coordination New York State Council on the Arts between the statewide hihoric plan and the state's outdoor 250 West 57th Street recreation plan is mandatory. All maintenance, repair and New York, New York 10019 administration costs must be borne by respective state, local or private agencies. All applications must be submitted through the states and thence to the Secretary of the Interior. Smithsonian Institution Title II established an advisory council on Historic Description: Staffprovidestechnicaland advisory Preservation to advise, coordinate, disse'inate information services to organizations and individuals on a variety of and otherwise generally promote interes, and participation subjects related to observatories, museums, art galleries, in historic preservation. The Director of the National Park zoos and exhibitions. Specific assistance is available on Service or his designeeisthe Executive Officer of the programplanning,construction,trainingmuseum Council. specialists, staffing patterns, collection management, re- For further information write: search, information retrieval, and conservation of museum and art objects. Regional Director National Park Service In addition, qualified persons are authorized, by prior Northeast Regional Office arrangement, to use the Smithsonian's facilities and collec- 143 South Third Street tions for specific research projects. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania For further information write: Division of Education & Training Smithsonian Institution Economic Assistance P-lgrams Washington, D.C. 20560 Bearing Upon Recreation and Cultural Activities Office of Economic Opportunity Program: Community Action Program (part of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Economic Opportunity Act of 1964). Agency: Advance Acquisition of Land Grant Program. Description: Designed to assist urban and rural com- Description: Proposed cultural and educational facil- munities to mobilize their resources to combat poverty. ities are eligible for assistance, together with some recre- Though recreation and cultural funds for acquisition and ational facilities not covered under the Open Space Land development are generally given very low priority, grants Progra;n. areavailableforrecreation and culturalresearch and This grant program is available to public bodies with demonstration purposes with primary emphasis on new legal authority to acquire and finance land for future use concepts applicable to economically deprived communities. and it will pay reasonable interest charges on loans obtained to purchase land up to five years in advance of proposed For further information write: construction. Regional Office Office of Economic Opportunity For further information write: 40 East 4Ist Street Region I, Regional Office New York, New York 10017 Dept. of Housing & Urban Development or 26 Federal Plaza New York, New York 10007 Office for Community Affairs 509 Madison Avenue New York, New York 10022

91 ; U.S. Department of Commerce individualfirms when they are unable to obtain such Agency: Economic Development Administration. financing from private sources on reasonable terms. Program: Public Works and Economic Development For further information write nearest office; Act of 1965. Small Business Administration Description: The single primary objective is to create a Field Office climate conducive to the development of private enterprise 42 Broadway in economically distressed areas or communities. An overall New York, New York 10004 economic development program must be approved before 121 Ellicott Street designation and qualification of benefits. Room 9 Buffalo, New York 14203 TitleI provides direct grants up to 50( of cost of needed public works. It also provides supplemental grants 500 South Salina Street to federal grant-in-aid programs which may bring the total Syracuse. New York 13202 assistance up to. but never exceeding. 80cL Projects must Inadditiontotheforegoing programs thereare c,,:itribute to creation of new jobs or to the alleviation of numerous agencies within various federal departments that poverty. provide research, extension services, and statistical data. Projects may include land acquisition and development Examples of these are as follows: of facilities required to provide recreation and/or tourism U.S. Department of Agriculture projects, Public or private nonprofit agencies are eligible. Agricultural Research Service TitleII provides various loans and guarantees for U.S. Department of Commerce projects similar to those eligible under TitleIto public or Bureau of Census private nonprofit organizations. Environmental Sciences Services Administration Title III Provides technical and advisory services to particularlythe Weather Bureau, the Coast and help provide information needed for economic develop- Geodetic Survey and the Environmental Data Service. mentprograms. Grants-in-aid up to75:; of staff and administrative costs may be provided for tourism and/or U.S. Department of Interior recreationresourcesstudiesforbothlocaland state National Park Service. State Assistance Program governments. There is no restriction, however, as to type of Office of Water Resources Research applicant under Title III. U.S. Geological Survey Title V authorizes the establishment of Regional U.S. Department of Labor Commissions in regions which economically lag behind the Bureau of Labor Statistics nation as a whole, A legitimate concern is with recreation. cultural and historic resources, however, since the primary Many other Federal Departments have programs which purposes of the program are to raise economic levels and include recreation, cultural and historic considerations, but permanently to lower the unemployment rate, assistance as an auxiliary benefit. Many of these programs provide for park and recreation purposes must be directly related to precisely what is needed (if funds are available) in a given those objectives. situation; however, itis impossible within the purview of this report to cover the manifold implications of each of For appropriate projects, grants can be provided for these. The reader is referred to the references applicable to land acquisition and development of facilities. Technical thissectionfor additional information relating to this andadvisoryservicesarealsoavailablefor approved general area of concern. projects.

For further information write: Economic Development Administration U.S. Department of Commerce NEW YORK STATE AGENCIES AND PROGRAMS Washington, D.C. 20230 Executive Department Small Business Administration Description: Provides loans to small business firms Division of Youth operated for a profit, including recreation and amusement Description: Though set up primarily for the preven- facilities. This agency's functions include technical and tion of juvenile delinquency and youth crime, various managerial aid and the making of certain types of loans to recreation projects may be established by any county, city.

92 1 6 town or village and certain school districts upon application developmentplanning activities of stateagencies, and to and approval of the Division of Youth. The state will coordinates such activities with municipalities, the Federal reimburse one-half the total expenditures, not to exceed Government and the governments of other states. It also $750 per annum, of which a maximum of $400 may be encourages and facilitates local planning activities through used for recreation projects, for every thousand youths active assistance to cities, towns, villages and counties. Of indicated on the most current Federal or certified special particular pertinence to the subject of this report are its census. For municipalities (other than a school district) coordinativeresponsibilitiesinconnection with admin- having less than 4,000 children, the Division may grant aid istering the Appalachian Program as well as the Economic not to exceed $1,600 per annum for a recreation and Development Administration programs in New York State. $3,000 per annum for a youth service or combined youth For further information write: service-recreation project. Director For further information contact: Office of Planning Coordination Director 488 Broadway Division of Youth Albany, New York 12207 155 Washington Avenue Albany, New York 12210 Department of Agriculture and Markets Agricultural Fairs Natural Beauty Commission (within Office for Local Government) Description: Among other responsibilities it allocates Description: This Commission was created in 1966 to funds appropriated for state aid to agricultural fairs. develop policies and programs to preserve and enhance the For further information write: natural and man-made beauty of the state. It studies and Department of Agriculture & inventories these resources, designates and co, eserves scenic Markets sites and promotes esthetic considerations in state lands, State Campus Building No. 8 projects and buildings. Further, the Commission consults Albany, New York 12226 with and assists local governments in this regard and serves as a clearinghouse for information. Department of Transportation For further information write: Description: Formulatestheoveralltransportation Director policy for the state and participates, with the Governor's Natural Beauty Commission approval, inproceedings before any federal regulatory Office for Local Government agency relative to transportation within the state. Due to 155 Washington Avenue thepotentiallydynamicrolerecreation,cultural and Albany, New York 12210 historic facilities can play at both the local and regional level,transportationandrecreationfacilitiesmust be developed in concert with one another. A major step was Council on the Arts taken in securing adequate future transportation routes Description: TheCouncil,createdin1965asa when the voters approved the Governor's Transportation continuation of the New Yolk State Council on the Arts, is Bond Act in 1967. empowered to encourage the study and presentation of the performing and finearts and thepublicinterest and For further information write: participation therein. It can make surveys within the state Commissioner of institutions engaged in artistic and cultural activities, Department of Transportation encourage public interest in culture and expand the state's State Campus culturalresources.Itisthe agencycharged withthe Albany, New York 12226 responsibility of administering Federal grant-in-aid funds which come to the state through the National Foundation Department of Commerce on the Arts and Humanities (see also previous section Division of Economic Development dealing with Federal programs). Description: Though primarilyorientedtotne conducting of the state's industrial development program, it Office of Planning Coordination also promotes the use of New York products and resources Description: Created in 1966, this Office is the central and promotes the state's tourist industry through action long-range planning agency within the state. It coordinates programs, publications and advertising campaigns. Further,

1. ' it assists and coordinates New York State travel associations throughout the state. A recent administration change has programs through its Bureau of Travel. placedthe development and operation of existing and For further information write: future recreation areas on reforestation land (exclusive of the State Forest Preserve) within the Division of Parks. Division of Economic Development N.Y.S. Department of Commerce For further information write: 112 State Street Director of Lands and Forests Albany, New York 12207 N.Y.S. Conservation Department 50 Wolf Road Division of Public Information Albany, New York 12201 Description: Promotes the State of New York through publicity directed to all media. These efforts include the Division of Fish and Game promotion of the State's natural resources, assistance to Description: Administers and enforces all laws pertain- localitiesinpublicizing localevents and assistancein ing to the state's wildlife resources. It investigates and does exhibits and celebrations dramatizing New York State's researchrelativetofish and wildlife conditions, issues history and achievements. It also functions as a clearing hunting licenses, operates game farms, game refuges, game house for information on the state and publishes numerous management areas, and fish hatcheries, supervises com- documentsrelatedtorecreation, cultural and historic mercial fishing and sets open seasons and bag limits. This opportunities within the State. division administers the State's Fish and Wildlife Manage- For further information write: ment Act which was signed into law in 1957. Division of Public Information For further information write: N.Y.S. Department of Commerce Director of Fish and Game 112 State Street N.Y.S. Conservation Department Albany, New York 12207 50 Wolf Road Albany, New York 12201 Conservation Department Division of Conservation Education Division of Motor Boats Description: Responsible for the registration and iden- Description: Has charge of conservation education tification of motor boats, sanitation and safety standards, activities of the Department. It publishes TheNew York publication of cruising guides for inland waterways, boating State Conservationistand various informational bulletins education of children, local navigation ordinances review, and pamphlets, distributes news releases, arranges exhibits, safety and inspection of public vessels and the like. The lectures and the like. In addition, this division assists in con- division also administers a program of state aid to polite':! ducting conservation education camps for boys and summer subdivisions enforcing the navigation law. It is also respon- training courses in conservation and natural resources for siblefor the construction of boat launching sites, the elementary and secondary school teachers. operation and maintenance of which is the responsibility of the Division of Parks. For further information write: For further information write: Director of Conservation Education N.Y.S. Conservation Department Director Division of Motor Boats 50 Wolf Road N.Y.S. Conservation Department Albany, New York 12201 50 Wolf Road Albany, New York 12201

Division of Lands and Forests Description: Has charge of forestry work and administers the State Forest Preserve. It should be noted that a State Council of Parks small part of the Catskill Mountains portion of the Forest Description: Thisisthe central policy determining Preserve lies within the study area (Delaware County). This agency for park planning and administration and outdoor division acquires, protects and may develop certain recre- recreation. It is concerned with relations between state and ationfacilitiesin the Forest Preserve counties.Italso local parks, parkways, and places of historic, scientific and manages the nearly 700,000 acres of State-owned reforesta- scenic interest. Itis responsible for the establishment of a tionlandwhichislocated on abandoned farm land uniform outdoor recreation policy for the state, and acts as

94 1 I a clearinghouse for planning and administrative information For further information write: on parks and outdoor recreation, Executive Secretary (Director of State Parks) For further information write: New York State Historic Trust Executive Secretary (Director of State Parks) N.Y.S. Conservation Department State Council of Parks 50 Wolf Road N,Y.S. Conservation Department Albany, New York 12201 50 Wolf Road Albany, New York 12201

Division of Parks Division of Water Resources Description: This Division acts as the arm of the Water Description:Thisdivision'sresponsibilities include parks and parkways, lands, grounds, reservations, struc- Resources Commission, In this capacity it is responsible for tures, and buildings of scenic, historic or recreational planning and development and participates withlocal interest. It also acts as staff to the State Council of Parks by assistance in comprehensive planning for the protection, assisting in the formulation of policies and programs and conservation, development and beneficial r

New York State Historic Trust Description: Acquires property, in the name of the Air Pollution Control Board statefor histlric purposes and operates and maintains Description: This board is empowered to maintain a historic sites.It designates places of historic interest and reasonable degree of purity of the state's air resources. It takes appropri ite action to enhance public recognition and can formulate and administer regulations controlling air appreciation o'' these sites. pollution.

95 For further information write: Metropolitan and Regional Area Studies Joint Legislative Committee Executive Secretary Air Pollution Control Board Description: Make a comprehensive study of the prob- N.Y.S. Department of Health lems of metropolitan and regional area growth and in this 84 Holland Avenue connection gather facts and data to guide the various units Albany, New York 12208 of government. The committeeisfurther chargedto recommend legislation for modernizing agencies and raising public service standards in communities. State Commissions and Legislative Committees Senator Thomas Laverne, Chairman 602 Wilder Building In addition to the foregoing administrative agencies Rochester, New York 14514 having management responsibilities and programs germane torecreationand culturalresource development, two State's Commerce, Economic Development, Tourism and independent state commissions have interests in the proper Motor Boats Joint Legislative Committee use and conservation of the resource base. These are the Description: Make a comprehensive study to examine State Soil and Water Conservation Committee and the theeffectsof existinglegislation with respecttoits Temporary State Commission on Water Resources Planning. potential for accelerating growth and expansion of existing The former is concerned with the conservation of the soil and new business, industry and tourism. Among its investi- and water, while the latter is empowered to investigate the gations are included the examination of ways to increase practicality of a comprehensive, multi-purpose planning development of recreational and other facilities for the program for the state's water resources. Itis primarily a purpose of increasing tourist trade. legislative body. Ferdinand J. Mondello, Chairman Threeinterstatecommissionsplusonefederal- 840 Grand Concourse interstate commission administer water oriented activities Bronx, New York 10451 that directly affect recreation or water pollution within the projectarea:the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (this includes the Allegheny River Basin in REGIONAL AGENCIES WITHIN THE PROJECT AREA New York State), the Great Lakes Commission, and the Interstate Advisory Committee on the Susquehanna River Federal-State Basin.The DelawareRiverBasin Commission isthe Appalachian Regional Commission (created by Appalachian federal-interstate commission. Regional Development Act of 1965). A number of joint legislative committees were author- Description: This isaninterstate-federalregional ized or continued by the 1966 session of the Legislature. Three of these are the joint legislative committees entitled agency in which each of the 13 member States and the Federal Government share responsibilities for the region's Conservation, Natural Resources and Scenic Beauty, Metro- economic growth. Each state has its own representative to politan and Regional Area Studies and State's Commerce, coordinate and approve individual state efforts prior to Economic Development, Tourism and Motor Boats. their submission to the total Commission for approval. The program emphasis is on the development of projects that Conservation, Natural Resources and Scenic Beauty will have economic impact on the region's growth, Joint Legislative Committee Description: Make a comprehensive study of state's The Act authorizes the Commission to encourage natural resources with particular emphasis on the Forest private investment in recreation projects (Sec. 102, 6) and Preserve, statereforestation and the encouragement of authorizes limited construction of local access roads to private reforestation and management, and the develop- serve specific recreational and other facilities (Sec. 201, a). ment of outdoor recreation facilities relating to these lands The Act further provides for"conservation treatment and their waters. Also included are the problems related to including the establishment of practices and measures for pesticides and a study of conservation education. theconservationanddevelopmentof...recreation, resources." (Sec. 203,a). A component of the water resources surveyisthe inclusion of measures for "the Assemblyman Charles F. Stockmeister, development and enhancement of the recreational potential Chairman of the region." (Sec. 206, b) 74 Second Avenue In general it should be noted that the Act requires that Rochester, New York 14612 strong economic benefits must be provable before funds

96 can be provided by the Commission for recreationalor Finger Lakes Region Chemung, Schuyler, Tioga, cultural projects. Steuben, and Tompkins counties. For further information write: Central N.Y. Region Broome, Chenango, Cortland, State Representative Delaware and Otsego counties. Appalachian Regional Commission Capital District Schoharie County. State Office of Planning Coordination 488 Broadway Division of Fish and Game: Albany, New York 12207 Region 2 Allegany,Cattaraugus,Chemung, Chautauqua, Schuyler and Steuben counties. Cooperative Extension Service Region 3 Broome, Chenango, Cortland, Tioga, and 1. ResourceConservationand DevelopmentPlans Tompkins counties. (RC&D). Region 7 Delaware, Otsego, and Schoharie counties. Description: There are :wo RC&D planning areas within the 14-county region. Division of Lands and Forests: Region 1 Delaware, Otsego and Sc'oharie counties. a. Resource Conservation and Development Project Region 2 Broome and Chenango counties. plan for South Central New York The report is published andincludes Broome, Chenango, Cortland,Delaware, Region 3 Cortland, Tioga and Tompkins counties. Otsego and Tioga counties. Region 4 Allegany, Chemung. Schuyler and Steuben b. Resource Conservation and Development Project counties. Plan for Southwestern New York This plan was sched- Region 5 Cattaraugus and Chautauqua counties. uled for completion inthe Spring of 1968. Itcovers Allegany, Cattaraugus and Chautauqua counties. Division of Water Resources: 2. MIDNY Western Region Allegheny, Erie-Niagara and Genesee Description: MIDNY (Mid-New York) is an experi- Drainage basins. mental pilot program which has the five-county region Eastern Region Delawa:-. and Hudson Mohawk (very surrounding Syracuse, New York as its area of interest. Of small part) Drainage basins. this region only Cortland County lies within this study's purview. The MIDNY project focuses on education and research as a means of elevating the quality of public Office of Planning Coordination decision-making. Emphasis is placed on programs relating to Description:Administrativelythestatehasbeen comprehensive planning. These programs are provided to divided into four districts. Within each of these districts are community leaders and others at all levels of government in a number of regions. Listed below are the districts together an effort to create more enlightened leadership. It attempts with the applicable counties contained in each. (Only study to provide communication and understanding between area counties are listed.) urban and rural-farmer oriented groups in order to facilitate regionally effective planning. Western New YorkDistrict includes Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Chemung, Schuyler and Steuben counties. CentralNew YorkDistrict includesBroome, New York State Cortland,Chenango,Delaware,Otsego,Tioga and Tompkins counties. Department of Conservation Capital District includes Schoharie County. Description: Only counties within the Project Area are listed. Local Governmental Consolidations To Form Regional Planning Organizations Division of Parks: A lieganyRegion Allegany,Cattaraugusand Central New York Finger Lakes Regional Planning and Chautauqua counties. Development Board Description: Involved with comprehensive planning for the five-county region centering around Syracuse, New

97 York. This recently formed organization is the reviewing county are appointed by the County Board of Supervisors, agency for applications made throughout their jurisdiction. withthe countyfiscalofficer, county highway super- Itis expected thatthey will become involved with an intendent. the chairman of the Board of Supervisors and outdoor recreation plan for central New York sometime in the director of the county planning board as ex-officio 1969 with completion expected in the subsequent two or members. three years. Southern Tier East Regional Planning Board Corning P' :a Planning Board Description: This Board is made up of representatives Dc3cription: This board is concerned with the City of from Broome. Chenango, Cortland. Delaware, Otsego, Coining, Town of Erwin, and the Villages of Paiute(' Post, Tioga. Tompkins and Schoharie counties. (Plans are under Riverside and South Corning. It has no professional staff. consideration to shift Cortland into the Central New York Planning Board and Schoharie into the Capital District Dunkirk Regional Planning Board Regional Planning Board.) Qualifications for membership Description: This board is concerned with planning for are similar to other hoards. the City of Dunkirk, Village of Fredonia, and the towns of Dunkirk, Pomfret and Sheridan. As with the foregoing. the lack of a professional staff places certain constraints upon the capacity of this Board to mount an effective planning Private and Institutionally Financed program. Regional Planning and Development Organizations

Greater Ithaca Regional Planning Board Office of Regional Resources and Development Description: This Board's area of concern is the City Description: This Office is a part of the organizational of Ithaca, the towns of Danby and Ithaca and the Village of structure of Cornell University. Its function is to assist in Cayuga Heights. It has a Director of Planning: however, the establishing directionfor the development of a region future of this organizationisin doubt as efforts are roughly defined as being within a currentlyunderwaytoformacounty-wideplanning flit mile radius of the agency. When this occurs, the Greater Ithaca Regional University. The ob:sctive is to focus the wide range of expertise Planning Board may cease operations. lodgedwithintheUniversitytowardthe betterment of its environs. Appalachian Area Advisory Councils A 5250.000 grant has recently been provided by the Description: These councils are to be comprised of Ford Foundation.Initialefforts will be directed toa representatives from the New York State counties within comprehensive transportation plan and a recreational facil- the Appalachian region which have related planning and ities plan. In furtherance of these two objectives, the Office developmentneeds. For purposes of coordination, an isundertaking the following studies that !Alive relevance attempt is made to have the membership of such councils here. consist of the same people as are members of regional I. VisualandHistoricInventory Estimated planning boards having concurrent jurisdiction. New York completion date: September 30, 1968. State'sAppalachian a Regionhas beendividedinto 2. Tourism Study Southern Tier West, Southern Tier Central and a Southern Estimated completion dateis August 30, 196(). Tier East subregions. 3. Case Study of Highway Location from Criteria Southern Tier West Regional Planning Board developed from a conservationist's point of view Description: Thisboard consists of representatives Estimated completion date is February, 1970. from Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua. The Board has 4, Preliminary work has also commenced on a scenic three members from each county, appointed by the County roads study for the region. Board of Supervisors, with the county fiscal officer, county highway superintendent, the Chairman of the Board of Three Rivers Development Foundation. Inc, Supervisors and, if any, the director of the county planning Description: This is a privately financed Foundation board as ex-officio members. located in Corning, New York. supported by local business and industry. It has a professional staff. The basic objective Southern Tier Central Regional Platiiiing Board ofthe organization is to place local business and industry in Description: The S.T.C. Board consists of representa- an advantageous position in comparison with other areas tives from Chemung, Schuyler and Steuben counties. As in throughoutthecountry. The Foundationiscurrently the Southern Tier West above, three members from each concentrating on lOur areas of concern as follows: 98 1 1. Long Range Plan With theassistance of a Valley Development Foundation, Inc. consultant, they are preparing a comprehensive plan Description: This is a private non-profit organization which includes the geographic area embraced by the supported by local businesses. It is located in Binghamton, Towns of Campbell, Addison, Erwin, Lindley, New York and is concerned with Broome County as a Caton, Corning, and Hornby, together with four whole; however, most of its activities are devoted to the incorporated villages. Binghamton urban area. The Foundation frequently reviews plans andassistsin community developmentprojects 2. Cooperation with Local Communities Currently including recreation and cultural activities. It functions as a assistingfiveindividual communities to prepare supplementary staff which is available to existing city and future planning efforts. county planning and redevelopment agencies as well as providing impetus for programs generated on its own. 3. Working with local groups on tourism. The Foundation has been active recently in working 4. The Foundation can purchase and option land. In with the Broome County Board of Supervisors in connec- this connection they are currently building a fairly large tionwith an architectural competitionforaBroome apartment complex designed by a prominent Philadelphia County Cultural Center. A plan has now been selected as a architect. It includes a man-made lake. Other developments result of this competition for a cultural and performing arts are also in varying stages of planning. center. It will be located in Binghamton.

99 lame vi ALLEGANY BROOME CATTARAUGUS RESUME OF FEDERAL, STATE, COUNTY AND PRIVATE OUTDOOR RECREATION AREAS Acres Acres Acres Miles Miles Miles Or or or OUTDOOR RECREATION '7ACILITY OWNERSHIP AND TYPE No. Golf Holes No. Golf Holes No. Golf Holes

PUB! IC RECREATION & CONSERVATION LAND

FEDERAL

Flood Control 1 4,400 Multiple Use

STATE Forest Preserve Campsites

Parks 1 650 1 1,071 1 60,480 Multiple Use Areas 2,760 1,568 6,155 Reforestation Areas 42,087 5,883 27,398 Special Use Areas

Campsites 1 F ire Towers 2 3

Conservation Education Camps 1 Game Management Areas & Game Farms 2 6,491

Fish Hatcheries 1 49 1 51

Boat Launching & Access Sites 2 1 TOTAL STATE ACREAGE 51,988 8,571 94,084 Public Fishing Rights (miles) 24 36 Stocked Streams (Total miles) 74 53 191 Stocked Lakes (Total acreage) 1,821 60 1,444 Calculated Bit Game Take, 1966 Deer 4,493 1,373 2,551 Bear 1 9

PUBLIC & PRIVATE RESERVOIRS, LAKES & PONDS (10 Acres or Larger) 8 1,378 13 1,614 10 4,849

COUNTY PARKS & CONSERVATION LANO 3 1,117

Parks (3 leased 275) 1 100 Conservation 566 15 2,000

TOWN, VILLAGE & CITY PARKS City 38 632 17 161 Village 4 36+ 21 288 72 Town 25 368 2 4

NEW YORK CITY WATER SUPPLY RES.

QUASI-PUBLIC RECREATION & CONSERVATION LAND

Boy Scout Camps 2 1 1 Girl Scout Camps 1 3 2 Campfire Girl Camps 1 Social Agency Camps (i.e. YMCA, 4-H, etc.) 2

Educational Camps (College or University owned) 1 Church Camps 2 4 4 9 Nature Conservancies & Sanctuaries 1 PRIVATE RECREATION AREAS Family Camping 14 8 l'.., Group Camping (children & /or adults) 1 4 3

Vacation Farms 2 1 Dude Ranches Horseback Riding Stables Shooting Preserves Class A 1 Class B 1 3 Class C 3 3 Swimming Beaches Marinas & Boat Liveries Boat Tours & Ferry Boat Crossings Reg. Golf Courses (includes publicly owned) Open to Public (Holes) 1 9 8 108 4 45 Members Only (Holes) 3 45 Par 3 Golf Courses 1 18 Ski Areas (includes publicly owned) 1 4 5 Amusement Parks& Special Feature Areas 2 Excursion Trains 1 100 *Does not include Finger Lakes. +Known data only. There may be additional park lands. CHAUTAUQUA CHEMUNG CHENANGO CORTLAND DELAWARE

Acres Acres Acres Acres Acres Miles Miles Milos Miles Miles Or or or or or No. Golf Holes No. Golf Holes No. Golf Holes No. Golf Holes No. Golf Holes

1 235

33.851

2 675 1 330 2 1,344 1,981 525 2,512 5,805 2,649 15,058 501 62 710 25,006 13,344

2 i

1 1 4

1 414

1 2180 1 4,516 1 7,200

2 71 1 155 4 2 19,965 1,456 72,651 30,811 57,044 24 2 28 15 4:- 106 14 216 118 1E2 14,636 54 9 58

1.377 944 1,172 490 5,954 8

15 15,156 4 150 26 1,18, 12 822 38 12,689

1 283 11 88

15 913 2 150 1 116

21 528 22 407 + + 82

31 149 7 34 1 140+ + + 17 963 11 107 + + 3 358+

2 11,600

3 1 1 1 1

2 2 1 2

2 1 1 3 1

1 10 2

22 11 5 4 13 2 4 1 36 3

2 1

3 1 1 3 1

1 1 1 3 3

1 9 2

10 117 3 45 5 63 3 45 7 81 1 18 1 18 2 36 2 27 3 1 2 5 5

3 2 1

101 OTSEGO SCHOHARIE SCHUYLER

(Ta13,0 6 continued) Acres Acres Acres Miles Miles Miles Or or or OUTDOOR RECREATION FACILITY OWNERSHIP AND TYPE No. Golf Holes No. Gol: Holes No. Golf Holes

PUBLIC RECREATION & CONSERVATION LAND

FEDERAL Flood Control Multiple Use 1 9,751

STATE Forest Preserve Campsites 2 Parks 2,162 1 70 1 664 Multiple Use Areas 1$30 1,314 303 Reforestation Areas 16,255 30,413 15,190

Special Use Areas 1 Campsites

Fire Towers 1 2 1 Conservation Education Camps

Game Management Areas & Game Farms 1 5,060 Fish Hatcheries

Boat Launching & Access Sites 2 1 TOTAL STATE ACREAGE 20,347 31,797 21,217 Public Fishing Rights (miles) 11 4 6 Stocked Streams (Total miles) 143 12 35 Stocked Lakes (Total acreage) 106 130 Calculated Bit Game rake, 1966 Deer 1,445 1,052 1,086 Bear

PUBLIC & PRIVATE RESERVOIRS, LAKES & PONDS 7, 196 (10 Acres or Larger) 26 14 1,549 5 1,944"

COUNTY PARKS & CONSERVATION LAND Parks 14 3,621 Conservation

TOWN, VILLAGE & CITY PARKS 21+ City + + 10 41 + Village + + 1 Town 56+

1 1,142 NEW YORK CITY WATER SUPPLY RES.

QUASI-PUBLIC RECREATION & CONSERVATION LAND 2 2 Boy Scout Camps 2 Girl Scout Camps Campfire Girl Camps Social Agency Camps (i.e. YMCA,4-H, etc.)

Educational Camps (College or University owned) 1 Church Camps 2 Nature Conservancies & Sanctuaries

PRIVATE RECREATION AREAS 14 8 10 Family Camping 4 2 Group Camping (children 8r/or adults) 2 3 'Vacation Farms Dude Ranches 4 1 Horseback Riding Stables 3 2 Shooting Preserves Class A 3 1 Class B 1 Class C 7 Swimming Beaches Marinas & Boat Liveries Boat Tours & Ferry Boa'. Crossings Reg. Golf Courses ( includes publicly owned) 4 36 1 9 1 9 Open to Public (Ho',es) 2 36 Members Only (Wiles) Par 3 Golf Courses 3 1 Ski Areas (includes publi".:ly owned)

Amusement Parks & Special Feature Areas 1 Excusrion Trains

`Does riot include f finger Lakes +Known data only. There may be additional park lands.

.1 14.!,k STEUBEN TIOGA TOMPKINS TOTALS

Acres Acres Acres Acres Miles Miles Miles Miles or or or or No. Golf Holes No. Golf Holes No. Golf Holes No. Golf Holes

1 160 3 4,795

1 9,751

1 33,851

1 554 3 2,437 16 70,437 5,428 1,531 734 35,295 19,342 7,817 18 '50 300,254

1 4

1 1 17 2 414

1 2,504 1 6,066 8 34,017 1 16 6 342

1 1 1 15 27,844 9,348 27,487 474,610

26 1 12 231 96 48 102 1,370 20 18,388

6,319 1,489 904 30,649 18

15 918* 5 140 5 366" 195 49,952

3 416 22 2,279 4 564 52 7,930

+ 10 320 -i- +

1 112+ 1 34+

3 12,742

1 16

3 4 1 23

1 1 3

1 1 13 1 4 2 1 34 10 11 110

16 5 5 154 2 1 24 44 1 4 8 1 12 1 1 14 6 1 25 8 4 14 3

3 27 4 45 6 72 60 711

3 27 1 18 13 198 3 45 30 8 2 103 REFERENCES

The references have been compiled in bibliographic form Broome County Planning Board. Broonr! County 1980. and are enumerated to relate to individual sections of the Binghamton, 1963. text. Brown, William G., and Stoerner. Herbert N.. Analytical Issues in the Analysis fig. Outdoor Recreation. Oregon References for Chapter I Agric. Exper. Station Technical Paper, 1967. Preliminary Analysis of Existing Facilities Brumsted. I tartan B.. and Tobev. Donald M. Characteristics U.S.Department of theInterior,Bureau of Outdoor of 72 Commercial Outdoor Re creation Enterprises in New Recreation, A Report on Outdoor Recreation Demand, York. Leaflet C-40. Dept. of Conservation. N.Y.S. College Supply, and Needs inAppalachia.Washington, D.C.: of Agriculture. Cornell University. Ithaca, 1964. Appalachian Regional Commission, September, 1967. Chautauqua County Planning Board. Second Homes and U.S.PublicLaw 894,1965.AppalachianRegional their Impact on the Economy of Chautauqua County. Development Act of 1965. 1966.

U.S. Public Law 90-103, 1967. (Amended Appalachian The Chemung County Planning Board. Elmira-Chemung Regional Development Act). County Metropolitan Area Master Plan Studies, Elmira, 1961.

References for Chapter II Chemung CountyPlanningBoard.Chemung County Summary of Socio-Economic Characteristics Comprehensive Recreation Study, Elmira. 1967.

"Barnyards Beckon City Folk ". The iVew York Times, Cornell University. Dept. of Rural Sociology. The People of Tuesday. July 9, 1968. Tioga County, N. Y., Trends in Human Resources and Their

Roberson Memorial, . center of art and history, at Binghamton

our

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104 Characteristics,1900-1960.Dept.BulletinNo.62-49. N.Y.S. ConservationDept. New York State Outdoor . Ithaca. 1963. Recreation Plan, Three volumes, 1966.

Delaware County Resource Development Group. A Study N.Y.S. Dept. of Commerce. Personal Income in Counties of of Changes and Trends with Suggested Guidelines for More N.Y.S., 1964. Research Bull. No. 14,1966. Orderly Development of Delaware County, 1966. N.Y.S. Dept. of Commerce. Personal Incomes in Counties GreaterIthacaRegional Planning Board. Ithaca Urban of N.Y.S., 1963 (includes revisions for years 1948-1962. Area-A General Plan. Res. Bull. No. 9,1965.

Hardy, E.E. The Plateau Country, Book 14. typed manu- N.Y.S. Dept. of Commerce. Selected Services in N.Y.S., script, no date. Res. Bull. No. 18,1967.

Hardy, E.E. The Delaware Hills Region, Book 5.typed N.Y.S. Dept. of Health. Monthly Vital Statistics. various manuscript, no date. issues.

Hardy, E.E. The Western Plateau, Book 15. typed manu- N.Y.S.Officeof Planning Coordination. Appalachian script, no date. Program-An Investment Plan. 1967.

Kalter, Robert, J. Estimating Local Secondary Impacts of N.Y.S.Officeof Planning Coordination. Demographic Water-Based Recreation Investment Using Interindustry Projections for N. Y.S. Counties. 1966. Analysis. Water Resources Institute, Univer. of Wisconsin, Madison, 1967. N.Y.S. Dept. of Audit and Control. Comptroller's Special Report on Municipal Affairs, various years. Kalter, Robert, J. Regional Development and Outdoor Recreation. typed manuscript Cornell University, N.Y.S. Ragatz, Richard. An Approach to Analyzing the Vacation College of Agriculture, Dept. of Agric. Econ.. Ithaca, no Home Market and Its Impact on a Rural Area. Recreation date. Researchers' Conference Proceedings. Syracuse, May 4, 1967. New York State Conservation Department. Annual Report. Albany, various years. Ragatz,Richard. Description of Property Owned by Absentee Owners in Delaware County, N. Y. typed manu- N.Y.S.Divisionof theBudget. Office of Statistical script, no date. Coordination. N.Y.S. Statistical Yearbook, 1967. Albany, Feb. 1968. RobertR. NathanAssociates,Inc. Recreation as an Industry. 2 vols. Washington, 1966. N.Y.S. Conservation Dept. Div. of Motor Boats. Recreation Boating Statistical Tabulation, Albany. Sargent-Webster-Crenshaw and Folley. Town and Village of Cobleskill Master Plan, Syracuse, 1964. N.Y.S. Dept. of Commerce, Basic Statistics for Counties and Metropolitan Areas of N.Y.S. Reserach Bulletin No. 17, Scott, Bernice. Dept. of Rural Sociology, N.Y.S. College of Albany, 1967. Agriculture, The Farm Vacation Business in N.Y.S. (typed manuscript, no date). N.Y.S. Dept. of Commerce, Business Fact Book, Part 1, Business and Manufacturing. 1967 Supplement. (Elmira StateUniversityCollege of Forestry, Dept. of Forest Area, Buffalo Area, Binghamton Area, Capital District, Management. The Resources of the Allegheny Plateau, Syracuse Area), Syracuse, 1962.

N.Y.S. Dept. of Commerce, Business Fact Book, Part 2, U.S. Bureau of the Census. Census of Population, 1960. Population and Housing.(Elmira Area, Buffalo Area, Binghamton Area, Capital District, Syracuse Area). U.S. Bureau of the Census. Census of Business, 1958 and 1963. N.Y.S. Dept. of Commerce, Basic Statistics contained in Memo, M. Freese to J. J. Horan concerning vacation home U.S. Bureau of the Census. Census of Manufacturers, 1958 activity in N.Y.S. 1968. and 1963.

105 U.S. Bureau of the Census. Census of Housing. 1960. RegionalDevelopment Reconnaissance: Region9. December. 1965. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Census of Mineral Industries, 1963. Regional Development Reconnaissance: Region1 December. 1965. U.S. Department of Commerce, Economic Development Administration. Economic Development, vol. 5. no 6. June State of New York. A Regional Investment Plan for the 1968. Appalachian Region of New York State. Albany: State of New York Appalachian Regional Commission U.S. Department of Labor. Manpower Administration. Bureau of Employment Security. Area Trends in Employ- ment and Unemployment, various issues.

Williams. Henry G. and Grapel, A.. Sharpe, D. Report and Proposal: Chenango Area Development Study. Dept. of References For Chapter IV Landscape Architecture, State University College Regional Aspects of the Natural Resource Base of Forestry. Syracuse, 1962. N.Y.S. Office of Planning Coordination. Bureau of Planning Research. Demographic and Economic Data for the Army Map Service. Eastern United States Quadrangle Maps. Appalachian Counties. Unpub.. 1967, Washington. D.C.: U.S, Geological Survey. Binghamton (1:250.000) Hinman, Robert. The Economic Impact of Reservoir Buffalo (1:250.000) Recreation on the Whitney Point Microregion of New York Elmira (:250.000) State. Unpub. M.S. thesis, Cornell University. Dept. of Agric. Economics. Ithaca, September 1967. Cline. Marlin G. Soils and Soil Associations of New York. Ithaca: New York State College of Agriculture. Cornell Extension Bulletin 930. February. 1963 (reprint.)

Johnson. Ernest C. Climates of New York. Prepared by Weather Bureau.U.S. DepartmentofCommerce. References for Chapter III Washington. D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1960. Relationship of Project Area to Northern Pennsylvania and Rest of New York State New York State Water Resources Commission. Developing and Managing the Water Resources of New York State. Allegheny Reservoir Advisory Council. "Interior Master Albany: Division of Water Resources. New York State Plan for the Allegheny River Reservoir Recreation Area." Conservation Department. 1967. May, 1965. (mimeographed.) Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965. P.L. State University College of Forestry at Syracuse University. "TheResources of theAllegheny Plateau." A report 894, 89th Cong., 1st Sess., 1965. prepared by a study group at the College for the Joint Legislative Committee on Natural Resources, November. Appalachian Regional Development Act Amendments of 1967. P.L. 90-103, 90th Cong., 2nd Sess.. 1967. 1962. (Ty pewri t ten .)

National Park Service. Tocks Island National Recreation Stout.Neal J.Atlasof ForestryinNew York. Area: A Proposal. Washington, D.C.: National Park Ser- Syracuse: State University College of Forestry at Syracuse University. Department of Forest Extension. Bulletin No. vice, 1965, 41.1958. PennsylvaniaStatePlanningBoard. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania State Planning Board. Thompson. John H.. ed. Geography of New York State. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1966. Regional Development Reconnaissance: Region3, July, 1965. Van Meter, Harry D.. and Shepherd. William F. "Fishing RegionalDevelopmentReconnaissance: Region4. Picture Changing in Lake Erie." The Conservationist, XXII July, 1965, (October-November. 1967). 2-3.

106 166 References for Chapter V Division of Lands and Forests: Descriptions of the Natural Resource Base Forest District Offices I, 2.3, 4, and 5 provided Existing Outdoor Recreation inventory data. and Cultural Facilities, By County Division of Motor Boats: References that are Regional in Nature New York State Boat Launching Sites, December, 1966. (revised.) American Automobile Association. Washington, D.C. Eastern Camping and Trailering, 1967. Division of Parks: Northeastern Tour Book, 1967. Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan. Finger Lakes Association. Finger Lakes Travel Guide. Penn PreparedforN.Y.S. ConservationDepartment by Yan:Finger Lakes Association. 1967. Vollmer Ostrower Associates, New York City. Part 1 State Responsibility, May, 1966. Finger Lakes Trail Conference, Inc. Rochester. Part 2Municipal Responsibility, October, 1966. Guide to the Finger Lakes Trail, 1967 Directory, December, 1966. Part 3 The Role of Private Enterprises, October, The Finger Lakes Trail, n.d. 1966. State Parks Map, n.d. Resource Development Project Advisory Committee. The Resource Development Project Southwestern New York. Allegany. Finger Lakes, and Central New York State NewYork. Parks Regional Offices provided maps and inventory data. New York State Historic Trust. Preliminary lists Report I, December, 1963. of historic sites for many of the counties. Report 2, December, 1965. Division of Water Resources: Soiland Water ConservationDistricts and Boards of SupervisorsoftheCountiesofBroome, Chenango, Western, Central and Eastern Regional Offices provided Cortland, Delaware, Madison, Otsego, and Tioga. Resource excerptsfromErie-Niagara,Allegheny,Genesee, Conservation and Development Project Plan for South Oswego-Ontario. Susquehanna, Delaware, and Mohawk Central New York. Hyattsville, Maryland: U.S.D.A., Soil River Basin Reports. Conservation Service, May, 1967. Department of Commerce: State of New York Camping in New York State, n.d. Conservation Department: Golf Courses in New York State, n .d. Division of Conservation Education Outdoor Recreation Map of New York State, 1967 New York State Vacationlands, 1967. Edition. Ski New York, 1967-68. New York State Public Campsites, 1967. Department of Health: Division of Fish and Game Fish and Fishing in New York, n.d. District and County Offices provided inventory data. 1,001 Top New York Fishing Waters, n.d. "Black Bear Report," 1966. (mimeographed.) State Interdepartmental Committee on Indian Affairs: "Determination of the Total Legal Take of Big Game Annual Report, 1966-67. (Deer and Bear) and Assorted Information From Big The Indian Today in New York State, July 29, 1964. Game Tags Returned," August14, 1967. (mimeographed.) U.S.D.A. Forest Service. Upper Darby, Pa.: Regional Office "List of Shooting Preserves Licensed in1966-67," U.S.D.A. Forest Service. 1967. (mimeographed). Hector Land Use Area, 1960 (rev. 1964.) (map.). Popular Public Hunting Grounds, n.d. The Hector Land Use Area, n.d. Fish and Game Regional Offices 2, 3, and 7 provided Discussion with the Forester-in-Charge, Hector Land maps and inventory data. Use Area.

107

1 References Pertinent to Specific Counties IroquoiaPlanning Committee. "PreliminaryReport of Iroquoia Planning Committee," n.d. (xeroxed.) Allegany County: National Park Service. "National Parks Advisory Board AlleganyCountyHighwayMap. Belmont :Allegany Recommends Twenty-Eight Sites as National Landmarks." County Department of Highways, 1964. Washington, D.C.. U.S. Department of the Interior, news Divisionof WaterResources. Economic. Potential of release, December 10. 1967. (pertinent part refers to Deer Stannard Dam and Reservoir as Site for Pulp and Paper Lick Nature Sanctuary.) Mill. Albany: Division of Water Resources, New York State Soil Conservation Service. An Appraisal of Potentials for Conservation Department, September, 1967. Outdoor Recreational Development. Ellicottville: U.S.D.A. Shear, Hazel M. Some Early Church History of Western Soil Conservation Service, 1967. New York. Wellsville: By the Author, 1967. Chautauqua County: Shear, Hazel M. "Historic Routes in Allegany County New York." Notes and personal correspondence, Fall,1967. Chautauqua County Highway Department. Highway Map of (xeroxed.) Chautauqua County. Falconer: Chautauqua County High- way Department 1966. Broome County: Chautauqua County Planning Board. Mayville. Boardof Directors ofRoberson Memorial, Inc. A Dialogue Plan,Chautauqua Cowry New York, Binghamton. August 9, 1966. Culture,Education,Pleasure:Roberson Memorial Chautauqua County at Mid-Decade, Center, n.d. Chautauqua County at Mid-Decade, April, 1967. Regional Museum Service Center, n.d. (preliminary Preliminary data for recreationinventory,n.d. architectural plans prepared for Board of Directors by (xeroxed.) Richard J. Neutra, FAIA.) Broome County Board of Supervisors. Binghamton. ChautauquaCounty VacationlandsAssociation, Inc. Mayville Broome County Cultural Center Competition, June 21, 1967. (Official Competition Program.) Chautauqua County, Western Gateway to New York State. n.d. Broome County Cultural Center. November, 1967. Welcome to Chautauqua County, N. Y., 1967. (winningdesignbyElbasani,Logan and Severin, Architects.) Soil Conservation Service. An Appraisal of Potentials for Broome County Highway DepartmentBroome County Outdoor Recreational Development. Jamestown: U.S.D.A. New York: Official Highway Map. Binghamton: Division Soil Conservation Service, n.d. of Highways, Broome County, December, 1966. Chemung County: Broome County Planning Board. Preliminary Data from Chamberof Commerce of Chemung County. Elmira. County Recreation Inventory, Fall, 1967 (xeroxed.) Elmira and the Arts, n.d. Cattaraugus County: Cattaraugus County Planning Board. Little Valley. Map of Friendly Elmira and Chemung County, New York, n.d. "A Critique of Preliminary Iroquoia Report," October, 1965. (mimeographed.) Chemung County Planning Board. Elmira. "Cattaraugus County." Written material concerning Annual Report, 1966, certainaspectsofCountyHistory,n.d. Chemung County Comprehensive Recreation Study, (mimeographed.) November, 1967. Untitled listing of certain historic areas, n.d. (xeroxed.) County Development Plan, Phase ThreelMaster Plan "Physical Resources DraftReport,"Fall,1967. Studies. Prepared for the Chemung County Planning (mimeographed.) Board by Herbert H. Smith Associates, 1962. Cat taraugusCountyTourist Bureau. Vacationin CattaraugusCounty,Southwestern New York. Chenango County: Salamanca: CattaraugusCountyTourist Bureau,n.d. Chenango County Chamber of Commerce. Welcome to New (map.) YorkState's"Horn of Plenty," Beautiful Chewing()

108 County. Norwich: Chenango Chamber of Commerce. n.d. A Basis for Development: An inventory of Resources (map.) of Otsego County, N.Y.. May. 1%6. Chenango CountyRuralResource Development Priorities for Progress, May.1967. Committee. Overall Economic Development Plan. Norwich: Soil Conservation Service. An Appraisal of Potential Out- Chenango County Ru r I Resource Development door Recreation Developments. Cooperstown: Soil Conser- Committee, April, 1966. vation Service. 1967.

Cortland County: Schoharie County: Cortland County Resource Development Committee. An Jones. Barclay G.. Ragatz. Richard L.. and Uathavikul. inventory of Resources for Great Decisions in Cortland Phaichitr. Regional Analysis for Economic Development, A County. Cortland: Cortland County Resource Development Demonstration Study of Schoharie County. Ithaca: Cornell Committee. January, 1966. University. September, 1964. Metropolitan Development Association of Syracuse and Middleburgh Chamber of Commerce. Community Survey, Onondaga County and Syracuse Governmental Research Villageof Middleburgh.Middleburgh: Middleburgh Bureau, Inc. A Profile of Central New York. Syracuse: Chamber of Commerce, 1962. Metropolitan Development Association of Syracuse and Onondaga County and Syracuse Governmental Research Schoharie County Maple Festival Committee. Schoharie Bureau, Inc., 1966. County Souvenir Book andTourGuide. Jefferson: Schoharie County Maple Festival Committee, Delaware County: April 29.1967. Delaware County Board of Supervisors and Department of Soil Conservation Service. "Outdoor Recreation Develop- Commerce andPublicity. Nature's Own Vacationland, ment Appraisal," Cobleskill: U.S.D.A. Soil Conservation Delaware County. Delhi: Delaware County Board of Super- Service. 1967. (Typed draft.) visors and Department of Commerce and Publicity, n.d. Delaware County Chamber of Commerce. Official Visitors Schuyler County: Guide to Delaware County. Laurens: The Village Printer, Schuyler County Highway Department. Highway Map of 1967. Schuyler County. Watkins Glen: Schuyler County Highway Delaware County Department of Commerce. Delaware Department. I966. County, New York: County Map and Description of Town Features.Delhi: Delaware County Department of Com- SchuylerCountyResourcesDevelopmentCommittee. merce and Board of Supervisors, n.d. Schuyler County Overall Economic Development Plan. MontourFalls: CooperativeExtensionService, March, DelawareCountyResourceDevelopmentGroup and 1965. Cooperative Extension Service. A Study of Changes and Trends.Walton: CooperativeExtensionService,April, Steuben County: 1966. Coming Glass Center. Corning: Corning Glass Works, 1958, SoilConservationService. Appraisal of Potentials for Outdoor Recreation Development. Walton: Soil Conserva- Greater Corning Area Chamber of Commerce. This is tion Service, n.d. Corning Country. Corning: Greater Corning Area Chamber of Commerce, n.d. SouthCentral New YorkResource Conservation and DevelopmentProjectCommittee. Preliminary Plan for Soil Conservation Service. Bath. Valley Campus Complex, State University Agricultural and An Appraisal of Potentials for Outdoor Recreational TechnicalCollege,Delhi,New York. Delhi: State Development, 1968. University Agricultural and Technical College, September, Steuben County Outdoor Recreation Map, n.d. 1967. Otsego County: Steuben County Highway Department. Steuben County Wildlife Hunting and Fishing Map. Bath: Steuben County Committee for Overall Economic Development Program. Highway Department, January, 1965. OverallEconomicDevelopmentProgram. Coopers- town: Otsego County Board of Supervisors, 1966. Steuben County Resource Development Committee. Water DevelopmentReport.Bath: CooperativeExtension Otsego County Resource Development Commiteee, Cooper- Service, April, 1966. ative Extension Service. Cooperstown.

109

I 4 Tioga County: New York State, Department of State. Legislative Manual. Bureau of Industrial Development. Industrial Resources Albany: New York State Department of State, 1966-67. Survey of Tioga County. Albany: Bureau of Industrial Development, New York State Department of Commerce. New York State Federation of Official Planning Organiza- n.d. tions.Directoryof PlanningandZoningBoards. Albany: New York State Federation of Official Planning Tioga County Historical Society. Oswego: Tioga County Organizations, 1966-67. Historical Society, n.d. New YorkStateWaterResourcesCommission. The Tompkins County: Coordinated Program for The Water Resources of New Center for the Arts at Ithaca. Inc. Ithaca. Ithaca Festival, n.d. York State. Albany: New York State Conservation Depart- ment, June. 1966. Progress Report, Center for the Arts at Ithaca, June, 1967. New York State Water Resources Commission. Developing ResourceDevelopment Committee. Ithaca: Cooperative and Managing the Water Resources of New York State. Extension Service. Albany: New York State Conservation Department, 1967. "A Review of the Natural Resources of Tompkins County," December, 1966. (mimeographed.) Officeof Economic Opportunity. Catalog of Federal Assistance Programs. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Soil Conservation Service. "An Appraisal of Potentials for Printing Office. June 1,1967. Outdoor Recreational Development." Ithaca. U.S.D.A. Soil Conservation Service, n.d. (Typed draft.) Office of Regional Resources and Development. "Office of RegionalResources and Development." Ithaca: Cornell University. (Undated pamphlet.) References For Chapter VI Summary of Governmental and Institutional Plans, Office of RegionalResources and Development. Draft Programs and Activities Relative to Recreation memorandum concerning research relatedto recreation, and Cultural Resources Development historic and cultural studies currently underway.

Central New York Finger Lakes Regional Planning and Office of the Vice President. The Vice President's Hand- Development Board. Annual Report.Syracuse: Central Pook for Local Officials. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Govern- NewYorkFingerLakesRegionalPlanningand ment Printing Office, November 1, 1967. Development Board, 1968. Smithee, Kenneth J. Federal Assistance for Recreation and Cooperative Extension Service. A Handbook of Public and Parks, Washington, D.C.: National Recreation and Park Private Agencies and Services for Income Producing Out- Association, 1967. door Recreation Enterprises.Ithaca: New York State CooperativeExtensionServiceatCornellUniversity, Valley Development Foundation. Inc. "Valley Develop- Winter, 1963. mentFoundation,inc.ofBroomeCounty." Hartman, MyronD., ed. The New York Red Book. Binghamton: ValleyDevelopmentFoundation,Inc. Albany: Williams Press, Inc., 1966-67. (Undated pamphlet.)

110