Eia and Emp Report

EIA AND EMP REPORT For Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) at existing Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility (CHWTSDF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT at Village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh Proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd. TOR Letter Detail (F. No. 10-73/2018-IA-III /30th November 2018) Study Period –December 2018- February 2019

CONSULTANT M/s Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd. (SSWML) SCO 20-21, Ist floor, Near Kalka -Shimla Highway Zirakpur, Baltana (Punjab) - 140604. (An ISO 9001, 14001 & OHSAS 18001 Certified Co) Accredited by QCI/NABET: GOI VALIDATED BY (Mr. Suman Banerjee) Ind Tech House Consult Ground Floor, G-8/6, Rohini, Sector-11, Delhi-110089 Accredited by QCI/NABET: GOI

Document Number – SSWML-HP-EIA-TSDF-301118 July 2021

1.1.2 Functional Area Experts (FAEs)

Sl. Functional Areas (FA) Name Cat. Remarks No Applied Recommended Approved Empanelled AP Yes Yes A 1 Mohammad Akhtar None AQ Yes Yes A

1.2 Ind Tech House Consult, Delhi

The organisation has applied for additional sectors namely 29, 31, 32, 32A, 34 (for scope of expansion). The following candidates were assessed and the result of the same is as under:

1.2.1 EIA Coordinator (ECs)

Sl. Sectors Name Cat. Remarks No Applied Recommended Approved In-house 32 Yes Yes A 1 Suman Banerjee None 32A Yes Yes B Empanelled 29 Yes Yes A 2 Mohammad Akhtar With an alert 34 Yes Yes A 31 Yes Yes B With an alert 3 Supriti Guha 32A Yes Yes B None

1.3 Sonar Bharat Environment & Ecology Pvt. Ltd., Kolkata

The organisation has proposed the following candidate to cover the shortfall of the core functional area ‘SW’ and significant functional areas ‘SC’ and ‘AQ’. The assessment result of the same will be communicated to the AO.

1.4 T. R. Associates, Ahmedabad

The organisation has applied for additional sectors namely 4, 13, 14, 17, 21 (for expansion of scope). The following candidate was assessed and the result of the same is as under:

1.4.1 EIA Coordinator (ECs)

Sl. Sectors Name Cat. Remarks No Applied Recommended Approved In-house Ashwin kumar J. 4 Yes Yes B 1 None Suthar 13 Yes Yes A

Supplementary Assessment: 17th AC Meeting: April 5, 2019 Page 2

Quality Council of India

National Accreditation Board for Education & Training

Certificate OF Accreditation

Shivalik Solid Waste Management Limited Registered Office: Vill. Majra, P.O Dabhota, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist. Solan (Himachal Pradesh) 174 101, Corporate Office: SCO 20-21, Ist floor, Near Hotel Dolphin, Baltana, Zirakpur (Punjab) 140 604.

Accredited as Category - A organization under the QCI-NABET Scheme for Accreditation of EIA Consultant Organizations: Version 3 for preparing EIA-EMP reports in the following Sectors: Sector (as per) Sl. No. Sector Description Cat. NABET MoEFCC 1 Mining of minerals - Open cast only 1 1 (a ) (i) A 2 River Valley projects 3 1 (c ) A 3 Thermal power plants 4 1 (d ) B Metallurgical industries(ferrous & nonferrous) - both primary & 4 8 3 (a) A secondary Pesticides industry and pesticide specific intermediates (excluding 5 17 5 (b) A formulations) 6 Synthetic organic chemicals industry 21 5 (f) A 7 Oil & gas transportation pipeline 27 6 (a) A 8 Isolated storage & handling of hazardous chemicals 28 6 (b) B 9 Air ports 29 7 (a) A 10 Common hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal facilities 32 7(d) A 11 Bio-medical waste treatment facilities 32A 7(da) B 12 Common effluent treatment plants (CETPs) 36 7(h) B 13 Common Municipal Solid Waste Management Facility (CMSWMF) 37 7 (i) B 14 Building and construction projects 38 8 (a) B Note: Names of approved EIA Coordinators and Functional Area Experts are mentioned in RA AC minutes dated April 05, 2019 posted on QCI-NABET website.

The Accreditation shall remain in force subject to continued compliance to the terms and conditions mentioned in QCI-NABET’s letter of accreditation bearing no. QCI/NABET/ENV/ACO/19/0987 dated May 23, 2019. The accreditation needs to be renewed before the expiry date by Shivalik Solid Waste Management Limited, Zirakpur, following due process of assessment.

Sr. Director, NABET Certificate No. Valid till Dated: August 13, 2020 NABET/ EIA/1922/RA 0128 Rev 01 16.02.2022

For the updated List of Accredited EIA Consultant Organizations with approved Sectors please refer to QCI-NABET website.

I, hereby, certify that I was part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the EIA of “Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) at existing Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility (CHWTSDF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT Proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd”.

EIA Coordinator: Name: Mrs. Daksha Gupta Signature:

Period of Involvement: September 2018 till date TABLE 1: FUNCTIONAL AREA EXPERTS NAME & INVOLVEMENT

S.No Designation Name Involvement (Period & Signature /Functional Task) Areas

1. EIA Mrs. Daksha September 2018 till date Coordinator Gupta

2. AEC Mr. Ashok September 2018 till date Sharma

3. AP* Mrs. Daksha Period of Involvement: Gupta September 2018 till date Tasks: Site visit, finalization of monitoring locations, checking air quality data, evaluation of results of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM), and prediction, identification of impacts, suggestion, and finalization of mitigation measures.

4. WP* Mrs. Daksha Period of Involvement: Gupta September 2018 till date Tasks: Site Visit, selection of sampling locations for surface and ground water sampling, evaluation of water pollution Mr. Sanjay control management, Sharma identification of impacts, suggestion of mitigation measures.

5. SHW* Mrs. Daksha Period of Involvement: Gupta September 2018 till date Site Visit, Identification of solid and Hazardous Wastes generated, designs for temporary storage facilities for Mr. Ashok hazardous wastes, mitigation Sharma measures for management of hazardous waste.

6. SE* Mrs. Period of Involvement: Sayantani September 2018 till date Chaterjee Tasks: Evaluation of Socio – Economic status of the study area, impact identification of social issues arising due to project activity, their mitigation measures, suggestions for CSR activities. 7. EB* Mr. S Period of Involvement: Brahma September 2018 till date Tasks: Site Visit, Assessment of Flora and Fauna, Identification of Impacts, Environmental Miss Shivani Management Plan, Green Belt Dutt management.

8. HG* Mr. Yamesh Period of Involvement: Sharma September 2018 till date Understanding and representing Tasks: Ground water conditions, finalization and supervision of groundwater sampling locations, identification of impacts, suggestion of mitigation measures. 9. GEO* Mr. Subhash Period of Involvement: Chander September 2018 till date Sharma Tasks: Geology and geomorphologic analysis based on secondary data and in coordination with FAE, HG, analysis of the data collected, and contribution to EIA documentation 10. SC* Mr. S Period of Involvement: Brahma September 2018 till date Tasks: Site Visit, Interpretation of base line data of soil analysis and its interpretation along with field observation Preparation of draft report considering impact and mitigation on Soil as per guideline 11. AQ* Mrs. Daksha Period of Involvement: Gupta September 2018 till date Tasks: Site Visit, Checking air quality data, evaluation of results of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) prediction, identification of impacts, suggestion and finalization of mitigation measures.

12. NV* Mr. Vinay Period of Involvement: Kumar September 2018 till date Kurakula Tasks: Supervision of noise sampling programme, analysis of data, noise modeling, identification of impacts and mitigation measures, and contribution to EIA documentation. 13. LU* Mr. Vinay Period of Involvement: Kumar September 2018 till date Kurakula Tasks: Supervision in development of land use maps of study area using GIS / related tools, site visit for ground truth survey, finalization of land use maps, contribution to EIA documentation

14. RH* Mr. Ashok Period of Involvement: Sharma September 2018 till date Tasks: Coordinating safety studies Developing & interpreting consequence contours. Site visit, finalization of DMP, contribution to RA / DMP.

S. Functional Name of Involvement Signature No Areas the (Period & Task) TM/FAA 1. Team Dr. Ranjna Period of Involvement: Member Kumari September 2018 till date with EIA (TM) Tasks: Assisted EIA Coordinator Coordinator and approved FAE, Site Visit and FAE done, Identification of solid and (SHW, SC Hazardous Wastes generated, and GEO) designs for temporary storage facilities for hazardous wastes, mitigation measures for management of hazardous waste, in Interpretation of base

line data of soil analysis and its interpretation, Assisted approved FAE in Geology and geomorphologic analysis based on secondary data, 2. SC, AQ Shivani Dutt Period of Involvement: (TM) September 2018 till date. Tasks: Assisted approved FAE in Interpretation of base line data of soil analysis and its interpretation, and evaluation of results of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM). 3. SE Sunita Period of Involvement: Period of Dhirta (TM) Involvement: September 2018 till date. Tasks: Assisted approved FAE in Preparation of socio economical report for EIA.

Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization/ Authorized person

I, Ashok Sharma, hereby, confirm that above mentioned experts prepared the EIA of “Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) at existing Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility (CHWTSDF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT Proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd”. I also confirm that the consultant organization shall be fully accountable for any misleading information mentioned in this statement.

Signature: Name: Ashok Kumar Sharma Designation: CEO Name of the EIA Consultant Organization: Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd. NABET Certificate No. NABET/EIA/1922/RA 0128 Rev 01 & Issue Date: 13 August,2020 Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

TABLE OF CONTENT

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1-1 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT ...... 1-1 1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT ...... 1-3 1.3 PROJECT PROPONENT ...... 1-3 1.4 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...... 1-3 1.5 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT ...... 1-5 1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY ...... 1-6 1.7 SITE SELECTION...... 1-7 1.8 METHODOLOGY ...... 1-7 1.9 STRUCTURE OF EIA REPORT: ...... 1-9 1.10 STATUS OF LITIGATIONS ...... 1-12 1.11 REGULATORY REQUIREMENT ...... 1-12 1.12 GUIDELINES APPLICABLE FOR TSDFs: ...... 1-12 1.13 COMPLIANCE OF TOR ...... 1-13 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 2-22 2.1 BACKGROUND ...... 2-22 2.2 NEED OF THE PROJECT ...... 2-23 2.3 STATUS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION ...... 2-24 2.4 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF THE PROJECT ...... 2-28 2.5 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA ...... 2-29 2.6 PROCESS DESCRIPTION FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL ...... 2-32 2.7 OPERATIONAL DETAIL ...... 2-32 2.8 TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS SOLID WASTE FROM GENERATION SITE TO TSDF 2-34 2.9 MANIFEST SYSTEM ...... 2-34 2.10 WEIGHING AND SAMPLING OF WASTE ...... 2-35 2.11 WASTE ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA ...... 2-35 2.12 CHARACTERISTICS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE ...... 2-40 2.13 TEMPORARY STORAGE OF WASTE ...... 2-41 2.14 WASTE STABILIZATION ...... 2-42 2.15 GROUND WATER SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS ...... 2-44 2.16 LEACHATE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ...... 2-44 2.17 GASEOUS EMISSION MANAGEMENT ...... 2-45 2.18 CLOSURE AND POST CLOSURE MAINTENANCE DETAILS FOR CLOSED CELLS INCLUDING VEGETATIVE STABILIZATION: ...... 2-45 2.19 SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM ...... 2-45

Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

2.20 LANDFILL LAYOUT ...... 2-46 2.21 INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES ...... 2-57 2.22 WATER REQUIREMENT ...... 2-59 2.23 POWER & FUEL REQUIREMENTS ...... 2-59 2.24 MACHINERY & EQUIPMENTS ...... 2-59 2.25 GREEN BELT ...... 2-59 2.26 MATERIAL REQUIREMENT ...... 2-59 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 3-64 3.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 3-64 3.2 SITE LOCATION AND ITS SURROUNDING ...... 3-64 3.3 LAND ENVIRONMENT ...... 3-65 3.4 LAND USE/LAND COVER ...... 3-71 3.5 WATER RESOURCES AND QUALITY ...... 3-77 3.6 SOIL ENVIRONMENT ...... 3-91 3.7 CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY ...... 3-102 3.8 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ...... 3-104 3.9 NOISE ENVIRONMENT ...... 3-112 3.10 LEACHATE STUDY ...... 3-114 3.11 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 3-115 3.12 SOCIO- ECONOMIC ...... 3-124 4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ... 4- 140 4.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 4-140 4.2 IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY ...... 4-141 4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF LANDFILL ACTIVITIES ...... 4-141 4.3 PREDICTION/EVALUATION OF IMPACTAND ITS MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 4-141 4.4 IMPACT ON AIR ENVIRONMENT ...... 4-148 4.5 WATER REGIME ...... 4-151 4.6 NOISE LEVEL IMPACT AND MANAGEMENT ...... 4-154 4.7 SOCIO ‐ECONOMIC IMPACTS ...... 4-154 4.8 ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY ...... 4-155 4.9 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND RISK ...... 4-156 4.10 LAND ENVIRONMENT ...... 4-157 4.11 IMPACT ON SOIL & GEOLOGY...... 4-157 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ...... 5-159 5.1 SITE SELECTION...... 5-159 5.2 TECHNOLOGY ...... 5-159

6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME ...... 161 6.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 161 6.2 NEED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ...... 161 6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ...... 162 6.4 LABORATORY FACILITIES ...... 6-165 6.5 POST OPERATIONAL PHASE ...... 6-166 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES ...... 7-169 7.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...... 7-169 7.2 RISK ANALYSIS & DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 7-172 7.3 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION ...... 7-173 7.4 OTHER HAZARD AND CONTROL ...... 7-174 7.5 RISK MITIGATION MEASURES FOR PROPOSED PROJECT OF TSDF ...... 7-174 7.6 STORAGE AREA (STORAGE SHED) ...... 7-176 7.7 STORAGE DRUMS/CONTAINERS...... 7-176 7.8 SPILLAGE/LEAKAGE CONTROL MEASURES ...... 7-177 7.9 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM ...... 7-177 7.10 MISCELLANEOUS RISK MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 7-178 7.11 GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 7-178 7.12 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN (DMP) ...... 7-179 7.13 LEGAL AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY ...... 7-181 7.14 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ...... 7-181 7.15 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES ...... 7-183 7.16 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM & ACTION ON THE SITE ...... 7-184 7.17 DECLARING THE MAJOR EMERGENCY ...... 7-185 7.18 STATUTORY COMMUNICATIONS ...... 7-186 8 PROJECT BENEFITS ...... 8-188 8.1 IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 8-188 8.2 PLANTATION ...... 8-188 8.3 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT RESPONSIBILITY (CER) ...... 8-189 9 ENVIRONMENTAL COST AND BENEFIT ANALYSIS ...... 9-190 10 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 10-191 10.1 BACKGROUND ...... 10-191 10.2 OBJECTIVES ...... 10-191 10.3 SECURED LANDFILL ...... 10-192 10.4 SOLAR POWER GENERATION FARMS ...... 10-194 10.5 Detailed Environment Management Plan is given below;...... 10-195 11 SUMMARY & CONCLUSION ...... 11-206

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11.1 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT ...... 11-206 11.2 PROJECT DETAILS ...... 11-208 11.3 BASELINE CONDITIONS ...... 11-208 11.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES...... 11-209 12 DISCLOSURE OF THE CONSULTANT ...... 12-211

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1-1: SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT ...... 1-3 Table 1-2 FREQUENCY OF MONITORING ...... 1-11 Table 1-3 COMPLIANCE OF TOR ...... 1-13 TABLE 2-1 STATUS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION AS PER HPPCB (2017-18) ...... 25 Table 2-2 STATUS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSED AS PER HPPCB (2017-18) ...... 26 TABLE 2-3 DETAIL OF HAZARDOUS WASTE RECEIVED BY SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ...... 27 TABLE 2-4 HAZARDOUS WASTE DETAIL FY.2018-19 ...... 27 Table 2-5 DETAILS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING ...... 2-28 Table 2-6 CRITERIA FOR SITE SELECTION AS PER CPCB GUIDELINES ...... 2-29 TABLE 2-7 CRITERIA FOR DIRECT DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTE INTO SECURED LAND FILLING ...... 2-35 Table 2-8 COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS REQUIREMENT FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE – GENERATOR/TSDF OPERATOR ...... 2-37 Table 2-9 FINGERPRINT ANALYSIS REQUIREMENT FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT, STORAGE AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES ...... 2-39 Table 2-10 STABILIZATION MECHANISM BASED ON WASTE CHARACTERISTICS ...... 2-43 Table 2-11 COMPLIANCE OF DESIGN CRITERIA ...... 2-46 Table 2-12 DESIGN DETAIL OF TSDF LAND FILL CELLS ...... 2-48 Table 2-13 WATER CONSUMPTION: ...... 2-59 Table 2-14 EQUIPMENT FOR TSDF OPERATION ...... 2-59 TABLE 3-1 LAND USE CLASS WITH AREA & PERCENTAGE ...... 3-73 TABLE 3-2 REGIONAL GEOLOGICAL SEQUENCE ...... 3-76 TABLE 3-3 WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS WITHIN STUDY AREA ...... 3-84 TABLE 3-4 GROUND WATER TEST RESULTS AT MONITORING STATION DURING STUDY PERIOD ...... 3-86 TABLE 3-5: SURFACE WATER RESULT AT MONITORING LOCATION DURING STUDY PERIOD ...... 3-89 TABLE 3-6: CPCB WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR SURFACE WATER SOURCES...... 3-91 TABLE 3-7: LOCATION OF SOIL SAMPLING STATIONS ...... 3-93 TABLE 3-8 STANDARD SOIL CLASSIFICATION ...... 3-95 TABLE 3-9: ANALYSIS RESULTS OF SOIL SAMPLING ...... 3-96 TABLE 3-10 SITE-SPECIFIC METEOROLOGICAL DATA ...... 3-103 TABLE 3-11: DETAILS OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS ...... 3-105 TABLE 3-12: PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING VARIOUS AIR QUALITY PARAMETERS ... 3-107 TABLE 3-13: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DURING STUDY PERIOD ...... 3-108

TABLE 3-14: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY AT MONITORING SITE DURING STUDY PERIOD . 3-110 TABLE 3-15 SUMMARIZED MAXIMUM VALUE OF ALL AMBIENT AIR PARAMETERS ...... 3-111 TABLE 3-16: NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS ...... 3-112 TABLE 3-17: NOISE LEVEL MONITORING DATA [DB (A)] DURING STUDY PERIOD ...... 3-114 TABLE 3-18 LECHATE STUDY RESULTS ...... 3-114 TABLE 3-19 MODE OF DATA COLLECTION & PARAMETERS CONSIDERED DURING THE SURVEY ...... 3-116 TABLE 3-20 SHOWING TYPE OF FORESTS IN THE 10KM BUFFER AREA ...... 3-117 TABLE 3-21 FLORA FOUND IN CORE & BUFFER AREA ...... 3-118 TABLE 3-22 FAUNA FOUND IN STUDY AREA ...... 3-122 Table 3-23 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA WITHIN 10 KM RADIUS FROM THE PROJECT SITE ...... 3-127 TABLE 3-24 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA WITHIN 10 KM RADIUS FROM THE PROJECT SITE (H.P REGION) ...... 3-130 TABLE 3-25 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA WITHIN 10 KM RADIUS FROM THE PROJECT SITE (PUNJAB REGION) ...... 3-132 TABLE 3-26 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE 54 VILLAGES OF THE STUDY AREA WITH THE PERIPHERY OF 10 KM ...... 3-135 TABLE 4-1: IMPACT IDENTIFICATION ...... 4-143 TABLE 6-1 MONITORING SCHEDULE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS ...... 6-164 Table 7-1 AUTHORITIES AND RESPONSIBILITY ...... 7-182 TABLE 8-1: SPECIES FOR GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT ...... 8-189 TABLE 8-2 CSR ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT BY SSWML ...... 8-189 TABLE 10-1: ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 10-195 TABLE 10-2: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COST ...... 10-205 TABLE 11-1: SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT ...... 11-206 TABLE 12.1 CONSULTANCY DETAIL ...... 12-211

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1-1 SHOWING LOCATION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT SITE ...... 1-6 Figure 2-1 MAP SHOWING DISTANCE FROM SENSITIVE LOCATIONS ...... 2-31 FIGURE 2-2 PROCESS FLOW CHART OF TSDF ...... 2-32 FIGURE 2-3 LAYOUT OF CAPACITY ENHANCEMENT ...... 2-49 FIGURE 2-4 LEACHATE COLLECTION & LEACHATE DETECTION SUMP ...... 2-50 FIGURE 2-5 CROSS SECTION OF LANDFILL ...... 2-51 FIGURE 2-6 BASE LINEAR SYSTEM ...... 2-52 FIGURE 2-7 SIDE LINEAR SYSTEM ...... 2-53 FIGURE 2-8 JUNCTION OF BOTTOM LINEAR WITH SIDE LINEAR ...... 2-54 FIGURE 2-9 LEACHATE COLLECTION SUMP ...... 2-55 FIGURE 2-10 TOP COVER SYSTEM ...... 2-56 FIGURE 2-11 LAYOUT OF THE PROJECT SITE ...... 2-58 FIGURE 2-12 LANDFILL SITE PROTECTION DURING MONSOON ...... 2-62 FIGURE 2-14 PLANTATION & LANDSCAPPING ...... 2-63 FIGURE 2-15 SITE PHOTOGRAPHS OF TSDF ...... 2-63

FIGURE 3-1 LOCATION MAP ...... 3-66 FIGURE 3-2 TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP ...... 3-67 FIGURE 3-3 CONTOURS MAP (5 KM) ...... 3-68 FIGURE 3-4 CONTOURS MAP (500 M) ...... 3-69 FIGURE 3-5 DRAINAGE MAP OF THE STUDY AREA ...... 3-70 FIGURE 3-6 SATELLITE MAP OF THE 10 KM RADIUS BUFFER ...... 3-72 FIGURE 3-7 LAND USE CLASSIFICATION WITHIN 10 KMS RADIUS BUFFER ...... 3-74 FIGURE 3-8 LAND USE CLASSIFICATION ...... 3-75 FIGURE 3-9 HYDRO GEOLOGICAL MAP DISTRICT SOLAN ...... 3-79 FIGURE 3-10 GROUND WATER MONITORING LOCATION MAP ...... 3-82 FIGURE 3-11 SURFACE WATER MONITORING LOCATION MAP ...... 3-83 FIGURE 3-12 SOIL MONITORING LOCATION MAP ...... 3-94 FIGURE 3-13 WIND ROSE DURING THE STUDY PERIOD ...... 3-104 FIGURE 3-14 AIR MONITORING LOCATION MAP OF THE PROJECT ...... 3-106 FIGURE 3-15 NOISE MONITORING LOCATION MAP ...... 3-113 FIGURE 6-1 HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE OF SHIVALIK ...... 163 Figure 7-1 RISK ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY ...... 7-173 Figure 7-2 STEPS FOR DMP ...... 7-179

List of Abbreviations.

AAQM : Ambient Air Quality Monitoring APCD : Air Pollution Control Devices BDL : Below detection level CHWTSDF : Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage & Disposal Facility CPCB : Central Pollution Control Board CRO : Control Room Officer CER : Corporate Environmental Responsibility DG : Diesel Generator EAC : Expert Appraisal Committee EC : Environmental Clearance EC : EIA Coordinator EHS : Environment, Health & Safety EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment EMC : Environmental Management Cell EMP : Environmental Management Plan EMS : Environmental Management Systems ENVIS : Environmental Information System FAA : Functional Area Associate FAE : Functional Area Expert FCC : False Colour Composite GoI : Government of India GPS : Global Positioning System GSI : Geological Survey of India HAZOP : Hazard and operability study IMD : India Meteorological Department ISO : International Organization for Standardization MoEF&CC : Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change MoU : Memorandum of Undertaking

NAAQS : National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Standards NABET : National Accreditation Board for Education & Training NABL : National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories NFPA : National Fire Protection Association NH : National Highway NH3 : Ammonia NOC : No Objection Certificate NO2 : Nitrogen Dioxide NTU : Nephelometric Turbidity Unit OCP : Operational Control Procedures OHS : Occupational Health & Safety OM : Office Memorandum pH : Power of Hydrogen PM : Particulate Matter PPE : Personal Protective Equipment ppm : Parts per Million PUCC : Pollution Under Control Certificates QC : Quality Council QCI : Quality Council of India QRA : Quantitative Risk Assessment RA : Risk Assessment RDS : Respirable Dust Sampler RET : Rare, Endangered and Threatened SAR : Sodium Absorption Ratio SCBA : Self-contained breathing apparatus SH : State Highway SMC : Site Main Controller SPCB : State Pollution Control Board SPL : Sound Pressure Level SO2 : Sulphur Dioxide SOI : Survey of India SOP : Standard Operating Procedure SPM : Suspended Particulate Matter SS : Suspended Solids SSWML : Shivalik Solid Waste Management Limited TDS : Total Dissolved Solids TOC : Total Organic Carbon ToR : Terms of Reference TSDF : Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility

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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process of identifying, predicting, evaluating, and mitigating the biophysical, social, and other relevant effects of development proposals prior to major decisions taken and commitments made. These studies integrate the environmental concerns of developmental activities into the process of decision-making. It helps the project proponent, impact assessment authorities, regulatory agencies and other stakeholders in understanding the project, environmental impacts and mitigation measures, and establishing emission requirements and other measures early in the project cycle. This report describes the project location, baseline environmental scenario, potential impacts of the project on the environment and proposed measures for effective environment management during the project cycle.

Hazardous Waste generated by the industries can cause environmental pollution and adverse health effects if not handled and managed properly. To manage hazardous waste (HW) mainly solids, semi-solids, solvents and other industrial wastes and to control handling, transport, treatment and disposal of hazardous waste (HW) in an environmentally sound manner, Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF) promulgated Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules on 28 July 1989 under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. In September 2008, the said rules were repealed, and new rules entitled “Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008” were notified. These rules were further amended in the year 2009. The said rules once again repealed and new rules were notified as Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016.To encourage the effective implementation of these rules, the MOEF& CPCB have further brought out the various Guidelines.

According to the HW (M, H & TM) Rules, any waste, which by virtue of any of its physical, chemical, reactive, toxic, flammable, explosive or corrosive characteristics causes danger or is likely to cause danger to health or environment, whether alone or when in contact with other wastes or substances have been defined as “hazardous wastes‟ and includes wastes generated mainly from the 38 industrial processes referred under Schedule-I of the said Rules. In addition, some wastes become hazardous by virtue of concentration limits as well as hazardous characteristics listed under Schedule - II of the said Rules.

1-1 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

There is a growing concern for the disposal of hazardous wastes generated from anthropogenic sources. Improper disposal of hazardous waste led to severe pollution of land, surface and ground water. Common Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility (TSDF) is a highly useful option for waste generators who could not bear the high cost involved in the land and infrastructure facilities required for the effective management of their hazardous wastes. It is a unique concept, where the wastes are collected from the waste generators, treated as per their characteristics and finally disposed off.

The state of Himachal Pradesh has experienced rapid industrial growth for nearly three decades. State Government has developed the Industrial corridor in the various areas, significantly in district Solan, Sirmour, Una, Kangra, Bilaspur & Kullu. This Industrial growth has led to continuous increase in generation of Hazardous Waste. Hazardous waste and its related environmental problems have been recognized by Himachal Pradesh State Pollution Control Board.

In the year 2000, HPSPCB took the initiative of identifying a site for developing common Hazardous Waste “Treatment, storage and disposal facility”. Govt. of Himachal Pradesh and HP State Pollution Control Board Persuaded B.B.N Industries Association for setting up the “Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility”. The Association formed Special Purpose Vehicle; Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd. to set up and operate Common Treatment Storage and Disposal Facility (TSDF). The company has successfully developed the secured landfill as per the statutory guidelines. The TSDF site is located at Dabhota near village Majara in tehsil Nalagarh, district Solan, HP.

The proposed project of expansion of TSDF is listed at Sr No 7(d) in Schedule of the EIA notification, dated 14th September 2006 requires Environment Clearance prior to expansion.

For Environment Clearance an application (Form-1 along with Pre-Feasibility Report) was submitted for expansion of secured landfill facility. The project was considered by the Expert Appraisal Committee in its 35th meeting held on 29 October 2018 for approval of Terms of Reference (ToR).

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study was conducted for assessing the impacts of the proposed expansion of Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities (CHWTSDF). The study period was December 2018 to February 2019.

1-2 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT The proposal is for Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill by 10 lac MT at existing Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities (TSDF) at Village Majra, Post Office Dabhota, Tehsil Nalagarh, Distt. Solan, Himachal Pradesh - 174101.

The Proposed project is capacity enhancement of secured landfill facility at existing TSDF site, falls under Category A, schedule 7(d) of the EIA notification, dated 14th September 2006 due to its location within 10 Km of interstate boundary of Himachal Pradesh with Punjab attracting general condition.

1.3 PROJECT PROPONENT The project proponent is Mr. Ashok Sharma, Chief Executive officer, M/s Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd and company incorporated under companies act, 1956, is promoted by various industries of Himachal Pradesh.

1.4 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT As per the Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016 made under Environment Protection Act, 1986, hazardous waste generated by industries must be collected, transported, treated, and disposed in a properly designed TSDF Facility. Under previously mentioned Rules and its amendments, CPCB guidelines have laid down a procedure for collection, storage, transportation, and disposal of hazardous wastes. The scientific disposal of landfillable hazardous waste can be done at a secured landfill, which requires proper design and operation as per the prescribed guidelines. The salient features of the project are summarized in Table 1.1. TABLE 1-1: SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT S. No Parameters Description 1 Identification of Project falls under Category “A” due to Interstate boundary of project Himachal Pradesh and Punjab falls within 4.8 km radius from the project site. Projects of activity 7 (d) as per EIA Notification dated 14thSeptember 2006 and its subsequent amendments dated 1stDecember 2009 and 4thApril 2011, under Common hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (CHWTSDF). 2 Project Proponent M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

1-3 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

3 Brief description of As per the Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and nature of the project Trans boundary Movement) Rules, 2016, as amended, of Environment Protection Act, 1986, the hazardous waste generated by industries has to be collected, transported, treated and disposed in a properly designed TSDF Facility. Under aforesaid Rules, CPCB guidelines have laid down a procedure for collection, storage, transportation and disposal of hazardous wastes. The scientific disposal of landfillable hazardous waste can be done at a secured landfill, which requires proper design and operation according to existing guidelines. The present proposal is Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill by 10 lac MT at existing Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities (TSDF) at Village Majra, Post Office Dabhota, Tehsil Nalagarh, Distt. Solan, Himachal Pradesh-174101. 4 Salient Features of the Project 4.1 Proposed plant Existing Capacity of Secured Landfill of TSDF is capacity 10 Lac MT Proposed Enhancement capacity of Secured Landfill Facility of TSDF: 10 Lac MT. Total After Enhancement:20 lac MT 4.2 Total Plot Area 35 Acre (144,032 m2) 4.3 Location The project is located at 31°04'36.99"N 76°38'04.08"E Village-Majra, P.O. Dabhota, Tehsil Nalagarh, Distt Solan, Himachal Pradesh – 174101 4.4 Water requirement Maximum water consumption is total 20 KLD. 4.5 Source of water 15 KLD is made available from existing bore well located at Site and remaining 5 KLD shall be made available from Rainwater harvesting. 4.6 Wastewater Leachate / Effluent from landfill are treated in the existing Multiple Effect Evaporator (MEE) plant. 4.7 Manpower Presently, 80 workers are working in the unit. There is no need for more personnel for proposed expansion.

1-4 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

4.8 Electricity/ The power requirement is 373 KW. In case of power failure, 1 Power requirement D.G. Set of 100 KVA capacity is available to fulfil the requirement. 4.9 Alternative site Expansion is done within existing premises; Hence alternative site is not required. 4.10 Landform, Land use The project is proposed to be in available land within premises and land ownership of TSDF located at Village Majra, Nalagarh, HP. 5.0 Conclusion The estimated cost of the Project for expansion is Rs. 5 crores. M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd. is an important endeavor to mitigate the degradation of environment in the region.

1.5 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT The project is located at Village-Majra, P.O. Dabhota, Tehsil Nalagarh, Distt. Solan, Himachal Pradesh – 174101.The Site Majra falls within at 31°04'36.99"N 76°38'04.08"E as per the Survey of India Toposheet No. 53A/12/SE. The site extends over 35 acres of wasteland close to village Majra and pertains to Khasra Nos. 1244, 1437, 1438 and 1510 of Revenue Village Majra. Nalagarh is a city and a municipal committee in Solan district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It was the seat of the eponymous Rajput princely state, founded in medieval period as the state of Hindur. At present Nalagarh is an emerging town for industries as it hosts production units for leather, steel, chemicals, thread mills and breweries; thus, air pollution is quite a concern here. It is situated at 65 km distance from nearby major city Chandigarh. It has further been reduced to about 40 km after the opening of Chandigarh Siswan road. A Major road that connects Pinjore to NH21 via Nalagarh and Nawangraon passes close to village Majra. From this main road a single lane link road (2.5-3 km Approx) connects village Majra via Dabhota. A direct two-lane road crosses the village along the HWTSDF. The Nasrali Nallah flows along the eastern margin. High mud hills exist on the southern margin. The village Majra is on the southwestern side of the site beyond a buffer zone of 300 to 500 meters. The entire land is bounded by Government land. The project site is shown on location map in Figure 1.1.

1-5 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

FIGURE 1-1 SHOWING LOCATION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT SITE

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The Scope of the study is to carry out the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies to identify, predict and evaluate potential environmental and socio-economic impacts which may result from the proposed expansion of Common Hazardous Waste Treatment Storage, facility at Nalagarh and to develop suitable Environment Management Plan (EMP) to mitigate the undesirable effects. The Study is aimed at: • Establishing the existing environmental conditions, identifying potential environmental impacts and identifying areas of significant environmental concerns due to the proposed project; • Prediction of impacts on environment, socio-economic conditions of the people etc. due to the proposed project.

1-6 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

• Preparation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) including liabilities for environment damages. • Development of post project environmental monitoring program. 1.7 SITE SELECTION The proposed project is for expansion and the project activity would be done in the existing site premises. The existing site for the proposed expansion of project is selected based on the following considerations: • The land was reserved for common facilities by BBNIA and was allocated to M/s. Shivalik for development of TSDF. • As the site is located outside residential Area, transportation of waste is easier. • M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd able to exercise better control over operations as the location is in isolated area. • Approach roads and other infrastructure facilities are available to the site.

The existing site is suitable for expansion due to rapid industrialization in the state leading to generation of large quantity of Hazardous waste and to have continued process of disposal of hazardous waste in eco-friendly and sustainable manner. 1.8 METHODOLOGY The EIA study has been conducted as per the applicable rules/guidelines of Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India including general/sectoral provisions and in accordance to prescribed TOR by EAC. Since the project is already in operation and compliance report is submitted to the regulatory authorities based on regular monitoring of environment. An outline of the activities carried out in stages A, B, C are briefly described below. Stage A- Baseline Environment The study area is up to 10 km radial distance from the proposed project with reference to air, water, soil, noise, socio economic and ecological studies. The baseline environmental conditions established using GSI Topo sheets, through literature survey and field investigations. In addition to the above, information on the location of towns/cities, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and ecologically sensitive areas like tropical forests, important lakes, bio-sphere reserves, and sanctuaries within impact area has been furnished.

A review and analysis of the information available with various governmental, educational and other institutions has been carried out for each discipline. Based upon preliminary review of the available data, detailed field work was planned to collect information on the parameters

1-7 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

critical to characterize the environment of the area. The baseline environmental studies have been undertaken for Meteorology, Air quality, Noise, Water Quality, Water Use, various aspects to be covered under different disciplines is as follows. i. Meteorology Following meteorological parameters of the area are measured at the project site. In addition, data was collected from the nearest IMD observatory also for reference. • Temperature (Dry & Wet) • Rainfall • Relative humidity • Wind speed and direction ii. Air Quality Ambient Air Quality has been monitored at requisite number of locations considering the prevailing meteorological conditions, topography, nearby villages etc. The parameters for monitoring are PM10 and PM2.5, SO2, NOx and CO. Adequacy of the existing air pollution control measures have been studied. iii. Noise Noise monitoring survey has been carried out to characterize the noise environment in the study area. The noise levelsare measured using high level precision sound level meter at selected number of locations. iv. Water Surface water samples and Ground water samples within study area were collected and analyzed for physicochemical analysis covering major, minor ions, some important heavy metals. v. Land Environment Soil samples were collected from the plant site, not only at its immediate vicinity but also in the surrounding villages in a 10 km radial zone. Physicochemical properties of the soils were determined. Information on land use pattern in the study area was also collected. Informationregarding existing cropping pattern, their types and yield of the crop was collected from various sources. Based on the attenuation factors for dust aerosols and air pollutants, green belt species have been identified. vi. Eco System Information on eco-system within 10 km radius was collected from the state Agricultural and Forest departments. The important flora species native to the area is

1-8 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

enumerated. A test check survey was also undertaken to judge the correctness of the data collected. vii. Socio Economic Environment Field surveys were conducted within 10 km radius of the plant and the surrounding impact zone. The parameters selected under socio-economic component were demographic structure of the study area, provision of basic amenities, industries likely to come up in the study area, welfare facilities proposed by the project proponent, safety training and management, community and occupational health hazards. Relevant information was collected from selected villages and analyzed. Stage B -Assessment of Environmental Impacts of Proposed Project With the knowledge of baseline conditions in the study area and proposed project activities, impact on the environment have been discussed in detail covering air emissions, discharge of liquid effluents and particulates emission during construction, noise & solid waste generation etc. Assessment of potential damage to terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna due to air emissions, discharge of effluents, noise pollution, and change in land use pattern, habitat degradation and fragmentation, anthropogenic activities from the proposed project and delineation of guidelines to minimize adverse impacts is done. Assessment of economic benefits arising out of the project has been carried out. Stage C- Environmental Management Plan At this stage, it may become apparent that certain mitigation measures are necessary to offset the impacts from the proposed project. Environmental Management Plan and pollution control measures are necessary to meet the requirements of the regulatory agencies. Environmental Management Plan consists of mitigation measures for item-wise activity to be undertaken during construction and operation of the facility including liabilities of environment damages in case of any accident or failurefor its entire life cycle to minimize adverse environmental impacts. It also delineates the post project environmental monitoring plan for compliance of various environmental regulations.

EIA Report Based on the TOR approved vide letter no. 10-73/2018-IA-III dated 30th November 2018 and prepared as per Generic Structure of Environmental Impact Assessment Document. The EIA report consists of 12 Chapters.

1.9 STRUCTURE OF EIA REPORT: The generic structure of the report is given below:

1-9 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Chapter 1: Introduction: This chapter describes the purpose of the report, identification of nature, size and location of the project (with latitude and longitude) for proposed expansion and its proponent, description of site and surrounding environment, location maps, importance of project to the country and region and finally the Scope of the EIA study, as per TOR approved by MOEF. Chapter 2: Project Description:(Based on the Feasibility Report) This chapter describes the type and need of the project, magnitude of operation, schedule for approval and implementation, land requirement, Water requirement and flow scheme, technology and process description, site plan, layout of project location, boundary and site. Chapter 3: Description of the existing Environment: This chapter describes the study area, period of study, components and methodology, establishment of baseline data for valued environmental components and base maps of all environmental component like meteorology, ambient air quality, ambient noise quality, hydrology and water quality, land use, Soil quality, Ecology, demography, occupational pattern and socioeconomics. Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures: This chapter describes the details of investigated impacts due to project location, possible accidents, project design and construction, regular operation, measures for minimizing and / or offsetting adverse impacts identified, irreversible and irretrievable commitments of environmental components, assessment of significance of impacts [criteria for determining significance, assigning significance] and mitigation measures. Chapter 5: Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site): This chapter describes the details of the scoping exercise results in need for alternatives. Chapter 6: Environmental Monitoring Program; This chapter include the technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures including measurement methodologies, frequency, location, data analysis, reporting schedules, emergency procedures. Chapter 7: Risk Assessment & Additional Studies: This chapter describes risk assessment and DMP, occupational health and safety, social impact assessment. Chapter 8: Project Benefits: This chapter describes the benefits coming from the project in terms of improvements in the social infrastructure, employment potential –skilled; semiskilled and unskilled and other tangible benefits. Chapter 9: Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis: This chapter describes theenvironmental benefits of the project

1-10 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Chapter 10: Environmental Management Plan: This chapter describes the administrative aspects of ensuring that mitigation measures are implemented, and their effectiveness monitored after Environment Clearance of the project. Chapter 11: Summary and Conclusion: This constitute the summary of the EIA Report. Chapter 12: Disclosure of Consultant Engaged: The names of the consultants engaged with their brief resume and nature of consultancy rendered.

The purpose of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is to determine as precisely as possible, within the present limits of knowledge and expertise, the likely environmental impacts of the proposed project. The objective is to establish an environmentally sound TSDF for management of hazardous wastes generated by the Member industries. The study area covers an area of 10 km radius around the proposed project site. Baseline environmental quality of the study area has been assessed based on primary and secondary data collected from various sources supplemented by data generated at site during the period December 2018 to February 2019. Environmental attributes and frequency of monitoring are outlined in Table 1-2. Table 1-2 FREQUENCY OF MONITORING S. No Environmental Sampling Sampling Sampling Sampling Component Locations Parameters Period Frequency 1 Meteorology One Temperature, Wind 3 months Hourly central speed, Wind Direction, Daily location Rainfall, Relative Humidity, Cloud Cover

2 Ambient Air Total PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, Two days per 24 hourly

Quality study CO, O3, NH3, week for 13 area weeks 3 Water Quality Total IS: 1050 methods for Grab Once during study sampling and testing of Sampling Study period industrial effluents & APHA 4 Noise Total Leq 24 hourly Once during study Composite Study period area 5 Soil Total Soil profile, Chemical Composite Once during study Constituents. Sample Study period 6 Terrestrial Total Flora and fauna Field Once in Ecology study Observations Study period area 7 Demography Total Demographic profile - - study

1-11 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

and Socio- area Economic aspects 8 Land use Total Trend of land use - - study change for different area categories

1.10 STATUS OF LITIGATIONS There are no litigation/ court cases pending against the project as on date. Rules /Standards applicable for TSDFs/hazardous waste incinerators.

1.11 REGULATORY REQUIREMENT The following rules and guidelines are applicable for selection of site, setting up of facility, its design, operations, closure of facility and monitoring requirements and liability in case of accident or damage.

• Environmental Impact Assessment Notification S.O.1533 (E) dated 14 September 2006; • Hazardous and other waste (Management, Handling & Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016. And earlier regulations on hazardous waste Management. • Gaseous Emission Norms for Common Hazardous Waste Incinerators notified as Environment (Protection) Fifth Amendment Rules, 2008 dated 26 June 2008; • Norms for DG set, The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000, Effluent Discharge norms, surface/ground water norms and Ambient Air Quality norms. • General standards for discharge of environmental pollutants Part –A: Effluents notified vide G.S.R. 422 (E) dated 19 May 1993 and published in the Gazette No. 174, dated 19 May 1993 under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and rules made there under, shall also be applicable for disposal of leachate into sewage treatment plant, common effluent treatment plant, inland surface water bodies or coastal areas.

1.12 GUIDELINES APPLICABLE FOR TSDFs: 1. Criteria for Hazardous Waste Landfills (Hazardous Waste Management Series: HAZWAMS/17/2000-01) 2. Manual on Sampling, Analysis and Characterization of Hazardous Wastes (Laboratory Analytical Technique Series: LATS/16/2002-2003);

1-12 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

3. Guidelines for Conducting Environmental Impact Assessment: Site Selection for Common Hazardous Waste Management Facility (Hazardous Waste Management Series: HAZWAMS/25/2003-4); 4. Manual for Design, Construction and Quality Control of Liners and Covers for Hazardous Waste Landfills 5. Guidelines for Common Hazardous Waste Incineration (Hazardous Waste Management Series: HAZWAMS/30/2005-06) 6. Management of Hazardous Waste - Pre-Requisites for Issuing Authorization by SPCB/PCC (Hazardous Waste Management Series: HAZWAMS/31/2005-2006); 7. Management of Hazardous Waste - Guidelines for Proper Functioning and Upkeep of Disposal Sites (Hazardous Waste Management Series: HAZWAMS/32/2005-2006); 8. Management of Hazardous Waste - Guidelines for Transportation of Hazardous waste (Hazardous Waste Management Series: HAZWAMS/33/2005-2006); 9. Guidelines on Implementing Liabilities for Environmental Damages due to Handling & Disposal of Hazardous Waste and Penalty, January 2016.

1.13 COMPLIANCE OF TOR Table 1.3 gives the compliance of Terms of Reference for proposed Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility (TSDF) at Nalagarh, Himachal Pradesh.

Table 1-3 COMPLIANCE OF TOR S.No. TOR points TOR compliances 1. Importance and benefits of the project A detail of importance and benefit of the project is given in Chapter 8 of EIA report. 2. The E.I.A. would address to the The present proposal is capacity conformity of site to the stipulations as enhancement of Secured Landfill by 10 lac made in the Hazardous and Other MT at existing Common Hazardous Waste Wastes (Management and Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016 (CHWTSDF). and have a complete chapter indicating The site is evaluated and selected based conformity to the said rules. on the analysis of site selection criteria of MoEF &CC and site evaluation criteria as per CPCB guidelines.

1-13 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

The details are given in Chapter 5 of EIA report and section 2.5, chapter 2 of EIA report.

3. Project proponents would also submit a Annexure IX Attached. write up on how their project proposals conform to the stipulations made in the “Protocol for Performance evolution and monitoring of the Common Hazardous Waste Treatment Storage and Disposal facilities including common Hazardous Waste incinerators”, published by the CPCB on May 24, 2010. 4. Compliance to the conditions of the Conditions of CTO & Authorisaion are consent to operate and authorization being complied. Latest CTO is attached as for the existing facilities. The EIA Annexure V. discuss the compliance to the Pollution First CTO and CTE is attached as Control Laws and the notifications Annexure-XVII. under the E.P. Act 1986 and get a Certified Compliance report is certified report from the Pollution attached as Annexure-XVI Control Board. 5. Details of various waste management Existing Capacity of Secured Landfill units with capacities for the existing and of TSDF: 10 Lac MT proposed project Proposed Enhancement capacity of Secured Landfill Facility of TSDF: 10 Lac MT. Total Capacity after Expansion: 20 Lac MT Details of various waste management units given in chapter 2. 6. List of waste to be handled and their List of waste to be handled and their source along with mode of source is given in chapter 2. transportation. The mode of transportation is through dedicated trucks, specially designed for collection of waste from industries, so that

1-14 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

chance of spillage is minimized during transit. 7. Other chemicals and materials required Materials required for proposed project, with quantities and storage capacities. Refer pt. no. 2.14.1 chapter 2 of EIA report. 8. Details of temporary storage facility for Detail of temporary storage facility for storage of hazardous waste at project storage of hazardous waste is given in pt. site. 2.6 (G) Chapter-2 of EIA report. 9. Details of pre-treatment facility of Details of pre-treatment facility of hazardous waste at TSDF hazardous waste is as per Hazardous and other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016 is given in pt. no. 2.6 (H) in chapter -2. 10. Details of air Emission, effluents, Details of air Emission, effluents, hazardous/solid waste generation and hazardous/solid waste given in pts. 2.6 (J their management and K) of chapter 2 of EIA report. 11. Requirement of water, power, with Details of the basic requirements of water source of supply, status of approval, consumption & electricity is given in pt. water balance diagram, man-power 2.10 & 2.11 in Chapter-2 EIA report and requirement (regular and contract) NOC’s attached as Annexure-VI, VII. Manpower requirement is given in Table 1 in chapter 1. 12. Process description along with major Process description is given in pt. 2.6 of equipments and machineries, process Chapter-2 of EIA report flow sheet (quantitative) from waste material to disposal to be provided. 13. Hazard identification and details of Hazard identification and detailed proposed safety systems proposed safety system and DMP are given in pt. no. 7.2 Chapter-7 of EIA report. 14. Details of Drainage of the project up to The drainage map is given in Chapter 3; 5 km radius of study area. If the site is There is no major river within 1 Km radius. within 1 km radius of any major river, peak and lean season river discharge as

1-15 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

well as flood occurrence frequency based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of Flood Level of the project site and maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be provided. 15. Ground water quality monitoring in and Details of the sampling locations and around the project site. monitoring results are given in chapter 3 of EIA report. 16. The Air Quality Index shall be calculated Air quality index has been calculated for for base level air quality. base level air quality data collected in 9 locations is given in the Chapter 3. 17. Status of the land purchases in terms of Land has been allotted by the Govt of HP land acquisition Act and study the on lease. impact. 18. Status of acquisition of land. If Land has been allotted by the Govt of HP acquisition is not complete, stage of the on lease. The proposed project is acquisition process and expected time expansion of landfill at existing site. of complete possession of the land. 19. R&R details in respect of land in line Not Applicable.The proposed expansion is with state Government policy. within the existing TSDF site.

20. Details of effluent treatment and Leachate / Effluent from landfill are recycling process. treated in the existing Multiple Effect Evaporator (MEE) plant. 21. Leachate study report and detailed Detail of Leachate Study is given in leachate management plan to be chapter 3, section 3.10 of EIA report. incorporated. Leachate Management plan is given in section chapter 2, section 2.13. 22. Action plan for measures to be taken for Enough protection & collection measures excessive leachate generation during are in place for monsoon period. Leachate monsoon period. is treated in MEE plant. 23. Action plan for any pollution of ground Regular monitoring is being carried out as water is noticed during operation period per CPCB Protocol to check ground water or post closure monitoring period. contamination.

1-16 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Third party monitoring is attached as annexure-XI. 24. Detailed Environmental Monitoring Plan Environmental Monitoring Plan as well as as well as Post Closure Monitoring Plan Post Closure Monitoring Plan has been given in detail in Chapter 6. 25. A certificate of adequacy of available Plant is in operation no additional power power from the agency supplying is required. power to the project along with the load NOC attached as Annexure-VI allowed for the project. 26. The EMP would also include proposals 11 streetlights have been installed at site. for creating a solar Power generation At present one cell is capped; possibility farm. of solar power will be explored. 27. A detailed Plan for green belt About 35% area is allocated for green belt development. Impact of tree felling, if in facility. The open space inside the any, along with management plan. TSDFs area is suitably landscaped and covered with the vegetation of indigenous variety. 28. A certificate from the local body Maximum water consumption is 20 KLD. supplying water, specifying the total 15 KLD is available from underground annual water availability with the local bore well and 5 KLD made available from authority, the quantity of water Rainwater Harvesting for industrial already committed the quantity of purpose. Detail given in chapter 2, section water allotted to the project under 2.22 in EIA report. consideration and the balance water available. This should be specified separately for ground water and surface water sources, ensuring that there is no impact on other users. 29. Public hearing to be conducted and The environmental public hearing was issues raised, and commitments made held on 09-01-2020 at 11.30 AM, by the project proponent on the same organized under the chairmanship of Mr. should be included in EIA/EMP Report Rohit Rathore, Additional District in the form of tabular chart with Magistrate, District Solan.

1-17 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

financial budget for complying with the Public Hearing action plan is given in commitments made. chapter 7.

30. The project proponents shall Is being complied under ISO 14001, ISO satisfactorily address to all the 9001. complaints/suggestions that have been No complaints/suggestions reported. received against the project till the date of submission of proposals for Appraisal. 31. Any litigation pending against the As per the present status, there are no project and/or any direction/order litigations pending against the project. passed by any Court of Law against the project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received any notice under the Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof shall also be included. 32. Plan for Corporate Environment Corporate Environment Responsibility Responsibility (CER) as specified under (CER) Budget towards capital expenditure Ministry’s Office Memorandum vide in accordance to the MoEF&CC’s Office F.No. 22-65/2017-IA.III dated 1st May Memorandum F.No. 22-65/2017-IA.III 2018 shall be prepared and submitted dated 01.05.2018 for Social Welfare. along with EIA Report. 1% of expansion cost has been earmarked for the Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER) to meet expenditures for the commitments made to the stakeholders. Detail given in pt. no. 8.3 of chapter 8 EIA report. 33. A tabular chart with index for points Complied. wise compliance of above TORs

1-18 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

STANDARD TERM OF REFERENCE 34. Reasons for selecting the site with The proposed project is expansion of details of alternate sites landfill capacity at existing Common examined/rejected/selected on merit Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and with comparative statement and Disposal Facility, no alternate sites were reason/basis for selection. The considered. examination should justify site The site is evaluated and selected based suitability in terms of environmental on the analysis of site selection criteria of damages, resources sustainability MoEF&CC and site evaluation criteria as associated with selected site as per CPCB guidelines. compared to rejected sites. The The details are given in Chapter 5 of EIA analysis should include parameters report and section 2.5, chapter 2 of EIA considered along with wSIXage criteria report. for short-listing selected site. 35. Submit the details of the road/rail Road connectivity detail along with their connectivity along with the likely likely impacts and mitigative measures are impacts and mitigative measures given in pt. no. 4.5.3 of chapter 4 EIA report. 36. Submit the present land use and The proposed project is expansion of permission required for any conversion Hazardous Waste Management Plant (SLF) such as forest, agriculture etc only; The project site is earmarked for TSDF. 37. Examine the details of transportation The detail of transportation of Hazardous of Hazardous wastes, and its safety in waste and its safety in handling given in pt. handling no. 7.3 of chapter 7 of EIA report. 38. Examine and submit the details of Monitoring schedule is given in Chapter-6 online pollutant monitoring EIA report. 39. Examine the details of monitoring of Not applicable. There is no Incinerator Dioxin and Furans. installed at site 40. MoU for disposal of ash through the Not Applicable. This is Secured Landfill TSDF Facility.

1-19 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

41. MoU for disposal of scrubbing This is Secured Landfill Facility; no wastewater through CETP scrubbing wastewater generated. 42. Examine and submit details of The baseline monitoring was conducted monitoring of water quality around the during post monsoon season. The ground facility site. water quality around the site is also done. Refer to Chapter-3 of EIA report. 43. Environmental Management Plan A detailed Environmental Management should be accompanied with Plan is given in Chapter-10 EIA report. Environmental Monitoring Plan and Environment cost and benefit assessment environmental cost and benefit is also given in chapter-9 of EIA report. assessment. Regular monitoring shall be carried out for odor control. 44. Water quality around the facility site The water quality around the site regularly shall be monitored regularly to monitored as per CPCB norms. examine the impact on the ground Third party monitoring report is attached water. as Annexure-XI 45. The storage and handling of hazardous The Storage and handling of Hazardous wastes shall be as per the Hazardous waste shall be as per the CPCB guidelines Waste Management Rules as detailed in Chapter 2. 46. Submit details of a comprehensive Refer pt. no. 7.4 in Chapter-7 of EIA report. Disaster Management Plan including emergency evacuation during natural and man-made disaster. 47. Public hearing to be conducted for the The environmental public hearing was held project in accordance with provisions on 09-01-2020 at 11.30 AM, organized of Environmental Impact Assessment under the chairmanship of Mr. Rohit Notification, 2006 and the issues raised Rathore, Additional District Magistrate, by the public should be addressed in District Solan. the Environmental Management Plan. Public Hearing action plan is given in The Public Hearing should be chapter 7. conducted based on the ToR letter issued by the Ministry and not based on Minutes of the Meeting available on the website.

1-20 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

48. A detailed draft EIA/EMP report should Complied be prepared in accordance with the above additional TOR and should be submitted to the Ministry in accordance with the Notification. 49. Any further clarification on carrying out Complied the above studies including anticipated impacts due to the project and mitigative measure, project proponent can refer to the model ToR available on Ministry website "http://moef.nic.in/Manual/Incinerator

1-21 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 BACKGROUND Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989 notified by the Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF) under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and further amendments made in the year 2000 and 2003 require every occupier generating hazardous wastes as listed under Schedule 1 and 2 of the said Rules or Operator of a Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities (TSDF) to obtain authorization for collection, reception, treatment, storage, transportation and disposal of hazardous wastes (HW) in an environmentally sound manner, as per Rule 5 of the HW ( M & H ) Rules from the concerned State Pollution Control Board ( SPCB)/ Pollution Control Committee ( PCC).

As per Rule 8 of the HW (M & H) Rules, there was also requirement of identification and notification of sites for development of TSDF and disposal of hazardous wastes in an environmentally sound manner. As per these rules, the Occupier or Operator of a Facility or Association of the Occupiers is responsible for identifying the sites and undertaking EIA of the selected sites for establishment of TSDFs. The State Government, Operator of a facility or any association of Occupiers are jointly responsible for identifying sites for Common TSDF. The SPCB or PCC is required to conduct public hearing and forward the EIA, details of the Public hearing along with the recommendations to the State Government. Thereafter, the State Government is required to notify the suitable sites for development of TSDF and required to compile and publish periodically an inventory of such hazardous waste disposal sites and facilities. Also, as per Rule 8 A of the HW (M & H) Rules require respective SPCB in State and PCC in UT to approve the designs of the disposal facilities and shall monitor the setting up and operation of the TSDF in their jurisdiction.

Common TSDF are an essential component of proper hazardous waste management activity for ultimate disposal of the hazardous wastes in an environmentally sound manner. The state of Himachal Pradesh had no TSDF facility till 2006. In the 13th meeting of the Supreme Court Monitoring Committee (SCMC) held on 06.01.2006 at Mumbai, it was decided that all States /UTs should ensure setting up Common Facilities for land filling of Hazardous Waste, latest by June 2006 and Hon’ble Supreme Court to be appraised by SCMC accordingly.

Realizing the need for common TSDF at an early stage, the H P State Pollution Control Board initiated the process of quantification and Characterization of Hazardous Waste also prepared feasibility and EIA report for setting up of Common TSDF at suitable site. The Govt. of

2-22 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Himachal Pradesh and HP State Pollution Control Board, persuaded Baddi Barotiwala & Nalagarh (BBN) Industries Association for setting up the “Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility”. The Association formed Special Purpose Vehicle; Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd. in 2005 to set up and operate Common Treatment Storage and Disposal Facility (TSDF). Accordingly, M/s Shivalik Solid waste Management Ltd. prepared the proposal for establishement the TSDF for disposal of hazardous waste with capacity of 10 lac MT in 15 cells. To manage the leachate & other liquid waste a MEE had been proposed.

As per Rule 8 of the HW (M & H) Rules,1989 Public hearing at the selected site was conducted on 29th March 2006.Government of Himachal Pradesh notified the site vide letter no ind. A(F)15-4/2003-II dated-7/3/2007.

To speed up the process of development of TSDF in the States, MoEF provides financial assistance maximum of Rs. 2 Cr for setting up of TSDF on Public Private Partnership basis, in accordance with the provisions of HWM Rules. Under this scheme, Himachal Pradesh availed financial assistance for setting up of common TSDF at village Majra. The present proposal is for capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 Lacs to 20 lac MT at existing Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility (TSDF) at Village Majra, Post Office Dabhota, Tehsil Nalagarh, Distt. Solan, Himachal Pradesh- 174101.

2.2 NEED OF THE PROJECT Himachal is the fast-growing State in terms of industrial development with predominance of chemical, pharmaceuticals (both bulk and formulation), distilleries, textile, and other industries all of which have high potential of hazardous waste generation and deleterious impact on environment.

Hazardous waste treatment is a costly affair and need a continuity to run the treatment plant. The facility demands a specialized supervision and instrumentation. A Secured landfill facility comprises of an ‘active’ period having waste filling process ranging from 20-25 yrs depending on quantum of waste and size of facility and a ‘closure and post -closure’ period which involves maintenance and monitoring of the site for a period of 30 years. Hence, this cannot be done by the industry independently and a common operating facility is a welcome feature and the only option for sustainable management of hazardous waste.

There are 3,078 numbers of hazardous waste generating industries in 10 industrial area of Himachal Pradesh, which generated about 84299 MT of hazardous waste during 2017-18.

2-23 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

There is only one common secured landfill facility, M/s Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd., Distt. Solan in Himachal Pradesh. The said facility has disposed about 14, 578.847 MT of landfillable hazardous waste (direct landfill and landfill after treatment) in SLF during 2016-17 and sent 1998.315 MT of hazardous wastes to Cement plants for co-processing and 289.647 MT Paint sludge to authorized recycler as per HPPCB to ACC & ACL.

2.3 STATUS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION The Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989, notified under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and subsequent amendments as the Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Trans-Boundary Movement) Rules 2016 regulate the management of hazardous wastes generated within the country as well as export/import of such wastes. These rules refer to effective management of hazardous waste, mainly solids, semi-solids and other industrial wastes, which do not come under the purview of Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act and to enable the Authorities to control storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste in an environmentally sound manner. Any waste, by any of its physical, chemical, reactive, toxic, flammable, explosive or corrosive characteristics causes danger or is likely to cause danger to health or environment, whether alone or when in contact with other wastes or substances is defined as hazardous. The amendments in the HWM rules were brought to bring greater clarity to the classification of hazardous wastes by linking generation of waste streams to specific industrial processes. Simultaneously, threshold levels for concentration of specified constituents in wastes were laid down to distinguish between hazardous and other wastes.

Waste generation is a dynamic phenomenon depending upon change in products, processes, capacity of production and establishment of new industries. Hence there is a need to periodically update the inventory on hazardous waste generation. Sources of hazardous waste streams vary from industry-to-industry depending on its operations., which provides generic criteria to classify the wastes as hazardous.

2-24 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

TABLE 2-1 STATUS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION AS PER HPPCB (2017-18)

S.No. Name of the Number of Authorized Quantity of Hazardous Waste Quantity of Hazardous Waste Generated as per District HW (MT) Annual Return within the State/ UT (MT) Generating industry Landfillable Incinerable Recyclable Utilizable Landfillable Incinerable Recyclable Utilizable 1 Distt. Solan 1731 77292 - 5751 9123 12854.5 - 3477 3207.365 2 Distt. Sirmour 624 4075 - 81 668 523.1 - 2867 14.08

3 Distt. Una & 200 572 - 2877 58 1097 - 272 19 Hamirpur 4 Distt. Bilaspur 52 2167 - 64 18 4.6 - 19 21.78 5 Distt. Mandi 58 109 - 54 14 22.6 - 6 0.46

6 Distt. Kullu & 119 0.735 - 35 0 21 - 3 0 Lauhal Spiti 7 Distt. Kangra 116 82 - 721 11 15 - 0.2 0 8 Distt. Chamba 29 0.08 - 8 0 0.2 - - 0 9 Distt. Shimla 116 0 - 4 0 0.03 - 10 0 10 Distt. Kinnaur 33 1 - 53 0 0.02 - - 0 Total 3078 84299 - 9648 9892 14538 - 6654 3262.685

Source: HP State Pollution Control Board

25 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Table 2-2 STATUS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSED AS PER HPPCB (2017-18)

Disposal of hazardous waste (generated within the Disposal of hazardous waste (received from the State/UT) State/UT) S.No. Name of the Quantity disposed in Quantity disposed through Quantity disposed in Quantity disposed through Secured landfill (MT) Incinerator (MT) Secured landfill (MT) Incinerator (MT)

Common Captive Common Captive Common Captives Common Captives

1 Distt. Solan 12927.4 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

2 Distt. Sirmour 496 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 3 Distt. Una 1097 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil &Hamirpur 4 Distt. Bilaspur 4.6 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 5 Distt. Mandi 17.6 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 6 Distt. Kullu 21 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 7 Distt. Kangra 15 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil & Lauhal Spiti 8 Distt. Chamba 0.2 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 9 Distt. Shimla 0.03 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 10 Distt. Kinnaur 0.02 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Total 14578.85 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

Source: HP State Pollution Control Board

26 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

TABLE 2-3 DETAIL OF HAZARDOUS WASTE RECEIVED BY SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LIMITED NALAGARH (H.P) TOTAL HAZARDOUS WASTE RECEIVED FROM 2014-15 TO 2018-19 Total Waste Commulative Qty Sr. No F. Year [MT]Yearly

1 2014-2015 18163.122

2 2015-2016 16399.43

3 2016-2017 17802.881

4 2017-2018 16790.699

5 2018-2019 21619.47

Total 90775.602

TABLE 2-4 HAZARDOUS WASTE DETAIL FY.2018-19 S.NO Number of Industries Location Quantity Distance from Site 1. 421 Baddi Barotiwala 18804.130 5 km - 40 km & Nalagarh 2. 201 Kala Amb 761.554 125 km Paonta Sahib 189 km 3. 108 Parwanoo & 843.658 64 km Solan 100 km 4. 68 Una 797.985 106 km 5. 40 Kangra 25.769 200 km 6. 11 Others 47.441 - Source: Shivalik Solid Waste Management Limited

27 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Hazardous Waste Rules, focused attention and distinct categorization based on characterizationof waste. Status of Hazardous waste in Himachal Pradesh as per HP State Pollution Control Board is given in the Table 2-1 and Table 2-2. An inventory of hazardous waste received at Shivalik Solid Waste Management Limited given as ANNEXURE-X, detail of hazardous waste received by Shivalik Solid Waste Management given in Table 2.3. Area Wise Hazardous Waste Detail FY 2018-19 given in Table 2.4.

2.4 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF THE PROJECT The details of environmental setting of proposed project are given in Table 2.5. Table 2-5 DETAILS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING Sr.No. PARTICULARS DETAILS 1 Location Village-Majra, P.O. Dabhota, Tehsil Nalagarh, Distt Solan, Himachal Pradesh - 174101 a Town Nalagarh b District Solan c State Himachal Pradesh d Coordinates 31° 4'39.36"N, 76°38'4.98"E 31° 4'36.53"N, 76°38'6.18"E 31° 4'34.05"N, 76°38'1.71"E 31° 4'37.73"N, 76°37'59.85"E e Toposheet no. 53A12,53B9 2 Elevation Nalagarh is a Semi Hilly Area. The elevation ranges from 300 m in the south to – 333.2 m in the north. 3 Type of the land The site of project for Secured Landfill of TSDF is Within TSDF area located on non-agriculture land. The project is proposed to be in available land within premises of TSDF located at Village Majra, Nalagarh, HP. Total Plot Area is 35 Acre. 4 Nearest major town Nearest Town- Nalagarh, 12.5 km in the East direction and District Headquarter is Solan about 50 Km from project site.

2-28 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

5 Nearest highway Nearest National Highway: NH-205, 2.4 Km (Arial Distance) 4.5 km (Road distance) from project site. State Highway 12 a bout 0.77 km (Arial Distance) away from project site. 6 Nearest railwayStation Nearest Railway Station is Ghanauli (14 KM) from project site. 7 Nearest major Airport Chandigarh airport-app 42 km 8 Nearest tourist Places NIL 9 Defense installations NIL 10 ArchaeologicallyListed NIL Important Place 11 Ecological sensitiveZones Not Applicable 12 Reserved/ProtectedForest Not Applicable 13 Nearest Streams/Rivers Nasrali Nala flows along the eastern margin. 14 Seismic zone The plant area falls in Seismic zone-III, the area is not prone to subsidence, landslides, erosion, flooding etc.

2.5 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA The proposed site for secured landfill facility at Majra has been evaluated as per site evaluation criteria given in CPCB guideline series no (HAZWAMS/17/2000-01 & HAZWAMS/25/2002- 2003) and observations are presented in the table 2.6. A map showing distances of sensitive parameters as per prescribed norms from the proposed location of secured landfill site is given the Fig 2.1. Table 2-6 CRITERIA FOR SITE SELECTION AS PER CPCB GUIDELINES

S. No PARAMETER CRITERIA OBSERVATION

1. Lake or pond Should not be within 200 m None within the 200 m

2. River or stream Should not be within 100 m None within the 100m

3. Flood plain Should not be within100 years Site is not located in flood plain flood plain

2-29 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

4. Highway (State or Should not be within 500 m Nearest National Highway: NH- National) 205, 2.47 Km (Arial Distance) 4.5 km (Road distance) from project site. State Highway 12 about 0.77 (Arial Distance) km away from project site. 5. Habitation Should not be within 500 m Nearest settlement is at 500 m in West direction. 6. Public Parks Should not be within 500 m None within the 500m 7. Critical habitat area Should not be with2in such Not within such area. — area in which area. one or more endangered species 8. Wetlandslive Should not be within such area None within 500 m radius area

9. Airport Should not be within zone Nearest airport is Chandigarh around the airport (s) airport-app 42 km 10. Water supply No Water supply well within None within 500 m radius area 500 m 11. Coastal regulation Shouldnotbewithin a coastal Not within a coastal regulation area regulation zone zone 12. Ground water table GW table should be > 2m from More than 5 m from base of level the base of the landfill landfill

2-30 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Figure 2-1 MAP SHOWING DISTANCE FROM SENSITIVE LOCATIONS

2-31 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

2.6 PROCESS DESCRIPTION FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL A typical process flow of operation of TSDF site includes collection and transportation of hazardous waste from member industry in the dedicated authorized vehicle with manifest system to the TSDF site, quantification and characterization of waste, pretreatment as per requirement and disposal into land fill, closure of TSDF. Monitoring of surrounding environment Shown in Fig 2.2 below; The layout showing various facililities at site is given in the figure 2.2.

FIGURE 2-2 PROCESS FLOW CHART OF TSDF 2.7 OPERATIONAL DETAIL At TSDF site project consists of hazardous wastes acceptance, their handling, treatment and proper disposal in secured landfill as per CPCB guidelines.

The following general guidelines relate to daily activities associated with the operations of TSDF: • The facility shall operate only during day hours throughout the year.

2-32 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

• The Weigh Bridge at the main entrance record all movements and weigh and receive waste tracking receipt as required by the waste manifest system. • A waste manifest system is developed in accordance with the requirement of the regulatory agencies to cover the transportation of the waste to TSDF and to provide for record of waste manifestation. The manifest system shall include details of the waste generator, waste transporter, quantity of waste, characteristics of waste, description, consistency of waste in terms of physical state and waste category number as per HW (M&H) Rules, 2016. • Each load of waste arriving at the facility is located properly and logged to identify its pathway of treatment/ storage/ disposal. • As the dumper/truck enters TSDF site it passes through weighbridge, samples are taken from three different locations and a composite sample is made. Once the quick test is passed, truck allow to enter the premises. If any truck does not meet the hazardous solid waste inlet specification, it is returned to member industry for necessary treatment • Once a waste is received at the site, a sample of waste is collected, at the sampling bay/temporary storage facility and shall undergo laboratory analysis based on which its pathway of treatment/ disposal is determined. • If the sample is approved by QA and no further pretreatment is required, the hydraulic dumpers is sent for unloading in landfill area. The operation of land filling area is cell wise. Wherever stabilization is required, it is done in stabilization plant. • Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for every chemical used or handled at the landfill is provided on the premises. • The landfill is staged in cells so that the minimum practical area of waste is exposed, and maximum practical area of waste has the final cap in place i.e., progressive filling and capping of the landfill ensuring minimization of infiltration of wastes. • The standpipe forming part of the leachate collection system is checked regularly for the presence of leachate. Once leachate is detected it is regularly pumped out and transferred to the leachate treatment facility MEE. The level of leachate in the standpipe shall not be allowed to rise above the level of the leachate collection system. • Each container of vehicle is thoroughly washed prior to send to the industry for collection of wastes. The wastewater from washing is collected and taken to the leachate treatment facility i.e. MEE.

2-33 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

• Monitoring and auditing of the facility is performed on a periodic basic. • Met station is installed with continuous recording system. • A security system is maintained to avoid trespassing & hazard to public. • An inventory is maintained at the arrival and departure dates of waste loads in and out of the intractable waste storage area.

2.8 TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS SOLID WASTE FROM GENERATION SITE TO TSDF Transportation of hazardous solid waste is carried out as per guidelines of CPCB. The transportation of hazardous waste is carried byduly approved/authorized transporter in dedicated vehicles. All the vehicles shall have the nameplate with details of company’s name, address, phone no., etc. During transportation, containers is closed from all sides and covered from top.

Total 15 Number of vehicles including 11 closed body dumpers having 9-10-ton capacity are being used with crane mounted containerized collection and loading system, having pneumatic loading / unloading arrangements.

S.NO. EQUIPMENT NAME TOTAL NOS.

1 JCB 1 3 Poclain 1 4 Tractors 2 5 Dumpers 11

Qualified and experienced drivers are employed, and they are further trained to take care of pollution arising out of emergency and first aid in case of injuries.

2.9 MANIFEST SYSTEM The manifest system as per Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016; is followed. It consists of seven copies in different colors. The HPPCB is in the process of introducing an online manifest system for waste acceptance. The manifest system contains information regarding: Copy number with Purpose colour code (1) (2) Copy 1 (White) To be forwarded by the sender to the State Pollution Control Board after signing all the seven copies.

2-34 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Copy 2 (Yellow) To be retained by the sender after taking signature on it from the transporter and the rest of the five signed copies to be carried by the transporter. Copy 3 (Pink) To be retained by the receiver (actual user or treatment storage and disposal facility operator) after receiving the waste and the remaining four copies are to be duly signed by the receiver. Copy 4 (Orange) To be handed over to the transporter by the receiver after accepting waste. Copy 5 (Green) To be sent by the receiver to the State Pollution Control Board. Copy 6 (Blue) To be sent by the receiver to the sender. Copy 7 (Grey) To be sent by the receiver to the State Pollution Control Board of the sender in case the sender is in another State.

2.10 WEIGHING AND SAMPLING OF WASTE As the dumper/truck enters TSDF site it passes through weighbridge, samples are taken from three different locations and a composite sample is made. Once the quick test is passed, truck allow to enter the premises. If any hazardous waste does not meet the inlet specification, member industry is informed for necessary action before treatment and disposal. Till then, waste is kept in temporary storage area.

2.11 WASTE ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA As per the guideline given by CPCB and MOEF CC the waste acceptance criteria are given in Table 2.7. TABLE 2-7 CRITERIA FOR DIRECT DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTE INTO SECURED LAND FILLING Sr No Parameters Concentration* 1. pH 4 to 12 2. Total Phenols < 100 mg/L 3. Arsenic < 1 mg/L 4. Lead < 2 mg/L 5. Cadmium < 0.2 mg/L 6. Chromium VI < 0.5 mg/L 7. Copper < 10 mg/L 8. Nickel < 3 mg/L 9. Mercury < 0.1 mg/L 10. Zinc < 10 mg/L 11. Fluoride < 50 mg/L

2-35 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

12. Ammonia < 1000 mg/L 13. Cyanide < 2 mg/L 14. Nitrate < 30 mg/L 15. Absorbable Organic Bound Chloride < 3 mg/L 16. Water soluble compounds Except salts < 10 % Strengths 1. Transversal Strength (Vane Testing) > 25 KN/m2 2. Unconfined compression Test > 50 KN/m2 3. Asial Deformation < 20 % Degree of Mineralization or Content of Organic Materials (Original Sample) 1. Annealing Loss of the dry residue at 550 < 20 Wt % °C (For Non-biodegradable waste) < 5 Wt % (For biodegradable waste) 2. Extractable Lipophilic contents (Oil & < 4 Wt % Grease) * Concentration in water elute test At the time of taking membership, the company is required to do complete analysis of solid waste and the same sample is preserved for further physical verification.

On arrival of waste at TSDF, samples are taken from 3 different locations and composite sample is made and analyzed for following quick parameters: • pH • PFLT test for moisture content • TOC • Ignitability (Flammability) • Reactivity • Physical checks: Color, Odour • Only if the sample passes through above quick tests, it is sent for disposal.

2-36 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Table 2-8 COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS REQUIREMENT FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE – GENERATOR/TSDF OPERATOR

2-37 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

2-38 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Table 2-9 FINGERPRINT ANALYSIS REQUIREMENT FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT, STORAGE AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES

2-39 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

2.12 CHARACTERISTICS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE The hazardous wastes generated from the industries present in the state are expected to comprise of the following groups: ➢ ETP sludge (primary), ➢ Sludge from water treatment plants, ➢ Discarded containers used for chemicals and hazardous substances, ➢ Date expired / off specific /discarded chemicals and products, ➢ Ash from waste incineration, ➢ Sludge generation from processing of wastewater from recovery/ reuse/ recycle, ➢ Miscellaneous waste like used cotton, gloves, gum boots, ➢ Contaminated filter / filter bags, ➢ Contaminate centrifuge bags, ➢ Spent activated carbon / Spent catalysts, ➢ Dust / particulate from exhaust / flue gas treatment, ➢ Sulphur sludge, ➢ Oil contaminated earth, ➢ Resin residues, ➢ Asbestos containing waste ➢ Sludge from solar ponds ➢ Alkaline and acidic and paint sludge ➢ Floor sweeping waste ➢ Spent resins from DM plant

Depending on the nature of the hazardous waste and its characteristic, various types of treatment and disposal methods i.e. land filling, incineration, co-processing, etc. have been attributed according to the standards. ➢ ETP sludges can go to landfill either directly or after stabilization. ➢ Incineration ash, slag’s, asbestos and glass fibers are essentially inorganic in nature and can go to landfill directly or with simple stabilization techniques. ➢ Spent catalysts and resins would have to be characterized on a case-by-case basis to assess their nature and characteristics. However, the percentage of wastes generated

2-40 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

through these sources is likely to be very small as most of it is taken back by the manufacturers. ➢ Salt bagged and land filled. ➢ Based on the above compiled information wastes have been classified by their pathway of disposal: ➢ Wastes going to direct landfill ➢ Wastes that require stabilization prior to landfill ➢ Wastes requiring storage until alternate economically viable techniques are made available.

2.13 TEMPORARY STORAGE OF WASTE Temporary Storage Facility in a shed has measuring 45mt x40 mt =1800 sq Mt is provided primarily to store the wastes upon receipt at the facility until its pathway of waste disposal is determined. The temporary waste storage facility keeps each shipment of waste separately and ensures that wastes do not get mixed with each other. This is to ensure that incompatible wastes are kept segregated. Compatible wastes that can be mixed with others and those stored in drums/containers are kept away from incompatible wastes. Waste requiring pretreatment is treated for stablisation in the treatment facilility area measuring 30 mt x 30 mt=900 sq mt. Incinerable & waste with high calaorific value is accepted at this site for preprocessing before sending to cement plant for co-processing in the preprocessing area measuring 30 mt x 30 mt=900 sq mt. Intractable Waste Storage Area - Waste coming to the TSDF that does not meet the criteria for landfill disposal or treatment or incineration would be referred to as intractable wastes. It is proposed to have a suitable storage area for these categories of waste until alternate viable treatment technologies are identified and available. The Waste storage area has; - • Proper ventilation is provided to prevent accumulation of hazardous gases. • The floor is a concrete slab or other impermeable, non-reactive material properly bunded and graded towards one corner for the collection of accidental spillage and leakage. • The storage area is built not less than 1m above the 1:100-year flood level to avoid inundation.

2-41 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

• Bunding and/or drains are provided around the storage area to avoid storm water entering this area. • Fire control equipment is installed, appropriate to the characteristics of the waste and as the situation demands.

2.14 WASTE STABILIZATION Waste stabilization is designed to convert industrial wastes in the form of liquids, semi-solids or reactive solids into low leachable materials that can be deposited into a secure landfill. The stabilization operation is carried out for all waste that requires this to minimize their contaminant leaching potential. This changes the nature of these wastes to a less hazardous category. Stabilization involves the immobilization of leachable materials by fixation as non-reactive solids. The treated waste is assessed for compatibility with other wastes before landfill and for compatibility with the HDPE and the pipe network.

The term stabilization covers several mechanisms including:

Immobilization / Chemical Fixation – the chemical binding of contaminants within a cementing structure to reduce the mobility or leachability of the waste.

Encapsulation – the occlusion or entrapment of contaminant particles within a solid matrix.

Solidification – the conversion of slurries that do not readily de-water, into solids by addition of adsorption agents.

Typical reagents used for the stabilization process include cement, lime, fly ash, bentonite clay, saw dust and other. Where required sodium silicate solution would be used as an additive binding agent. The reagent to be used for stabilization is decided depending upon the type of the waste to be stabilized, price and availability. These regents are generally stored in enough quantities. Yearly consumtion of chemicals for stablisation of waste is given below;

The Infrastructure for the stabilization unit include: • Storage facilities for regents • Tanks/Drums for storage of reagents as required • Stabilization pit for mixing the wastes • Earth moving equipment for movement of wastes and mixing.

2-42 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

• Place for curing the treated waste • Trucks for hauling the waste. Treatment facility utilizes a range of techniques and processes designed to change the physical, chemical or biological characteristics of the waste. This may include changing the composition to neutralize the waste, to recover energy or natural resources from the waste, to render the waste non-hazardous or less hazardous, safer to transport, store, or dispose of or to reduce its volume. Typical operations at Stabilization unit are as follows: • Waste receives • Reagent addition • Mixing • Curing • Analysis of the stabilized wastes • Approval by the laboratory for disposal • Transfer of the waste materials to the truck • Disposal in the secured landfill

APPLICATION CRITERIA: A study of the waste characteristics carried out as an integral part of the project indicates the following applicability to the process described below in Table 2.10.

Table 2-10 STABILIZATION MECHANISM BASED ON WASTE CHARACTERISTICS Mechanism Applicability Immobilization / Heavy metal and metal plating sludge Chemical Fixation Copper-chromium-arsenic wood preservative wastes Mercury waste Bag house dust Tannery wastes Spent catalysts Others Solidification Effluent treatment plant sludge Oil and paint sludge Bitumen wastes Textile industry sludge Wool scouring slurries Others Encapsulation Aluminum powder Asbestos Filer aids

2-43 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Others

2.15 GROUND WATER SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS The TSDF has provided monitoring wells at the site for ground water monitoring. (In upstream and at the downstream of TSDF site). The monitoring parameters are as per the guidelines given by the CPCB. The TSDF has well equipped NABL accreeded and MoEF&CC approved laboratory facility for analysis of bore well water. The status of Ground water Monitoring results given as Annexure XI.

2.16 LEACHATE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Leachate collection and removal is provided at the base of each landfill cell above the geomembrane in two layers viz., the primary and the secondary liners. The primary liner shall serve as leachate collection and removal system, while the secondary liner shall serve as leak detection system and a signal of potential liabilities in terms of environmental pollution. Leachate is collected by a network of lateral and header pipes embedded in a drainage layer, all which eventually drain into a leachate collection sump and sent to MEE. The solid waste generated during wastewater treatment in MEE is disposed to TSDF site. The Quanity of Leachate collected during past yrs and treated in MEE is given below in table.

Leachate is generated from SLF (secured landfill) and treatment of leachate by MEE (Multi Effect Evaporator) and residues from centrifuge of MEE is shift to SLF after proper stabilization, if required. The condensate water from MEE is using for gardening purpose after testing of necessary parameters that is conforming the Environmental standard. During Mansoon season SLF is fully covered with tarpaulin sheet with put some weight over the sheet. QUANTITY OF LEACHATE GENERATION Month (FY 17-18) Quantity of Leachate generation in KL April-17 to June-17 75 KL July-17 to Sept-17 101 KL Oct-17 to Dec-17 50 Kl Jan-18 to March-18 72 KL Total 298 KL

2-44 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Month (FY 18-19) Quantity of Leachate generation in KL April-18 to June-18 77.8 KL July-18 to Sept-18 116.9 KL Oct-18 to Dec-18 122.3 Kl Jan-19 to March-19 265.7 KL Total 582.7 KL

The quantum of leachate generated varies with the characteristics of waste having moisture content maximum upto 20%, quantum of waste and weather conditions.

2.17 GASEOUS EMISSION MANAGEMENT

Landfill gas is generated as a product of waste biodegradation or on account of presence of VOC in the waste. Gas generation is minimized by avoiding disposal of biodegradable/ organic waste. The company has provided air vents at the capped portion of the land fill. The company also carries out regular monitoring of these vents for VOC & HC.

2.18 CLOSURE AND POST CLOSURE MAINTENANCE DETAILS FOR CLOSED CELLS INCLUDING VEGETATIVE STABILIZATION:

At present Cell No 1 has been filled and Cell No 2 & have been laid with the liner system which has been partly filled. The SSWML has provided coverage system partly on Cell No as per CPCB criteria. The design details are given in table 2.12 and shown in fig 2.6. The final cover system at the top of landfill is designed in such a way that it enhances surface drainage and prevent infiltration of water and supports surface vegetation. The closed portion is given proper landscape. Gas vent system is provided. After closure of the land fill monitoring shall be carried out as per prescribed norms.

2.19 SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM The storm water drainage system is provided at the site to prevent surface water /rainwater runoff does not drain into waste from surrounding area and there is no water logging or ponding at landfill site. A separate water harvesting tank has been made to collect rainwater from surroung area for its use for maintaining greenery.

At TSDF storage shed for hazardous waste has been provided. In rainy season, the main operational site is kept covered by tarpaulin with separate rainwater collection system. The 2-45 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

surface water generated during rainy season is collected through storm water system and it is discharged to drainage system of industrial area. The storm water drainage is shown in the layout plan.

2.20 LANDFILL LAYOUT Existing landfill site comprises of the area in which the waste is filled as well as additional area for support facilities. The area in which the waste is to be filled shall comprise ofseparate landfill cell with each cell accommodating a group of compatible waste. Within each unit work proceed in phases with only a part of the area under active operation. The additional facility at site includes, access roads, weigh bridge, equipment, office space, temporary waste storage area, surface water drainage system, landfill leachate management facility, monitoring site of well, fencing and green belt along the periphery. The layout plan for the existing project is shown in Fig no 2.3. It is proposed to enhance the capacity of landfill from 10 lakh MT to 20 lakh MT by modifying the design of the landfill. The fig shows the modified design of landfill cell with increased capacity.

2.20.1.1 DESIGN DETAIL OF TSDF LAND FILL The CPCB & MoEF CC have published guidelines on Criteria for Hazardous Waste Landfill which includes design details and Protocol for Performance Evaluation and Monitoring of the CommonHazardous Waste Treatment Storage and Disposal Facilities including Common Hazardous Waste Incinerators. The design of landfill site is based on geotechnical investigation of the site. The geotechnical investigation report is attached at Annexure IV.

Point wise compliance of guidelines published by MoEF & CPCB for sitting and designing of the proposed expansion of TSDF.

Table 2-11 COMPLIANCE OF DESIGN CRITERIA No. Design Criteria Compliance

1. A liner system at the base and sides of the A liner system is proposed at the base landfill, which prevents migration of and sides of the land fill. leachate or gas to the surrounding soil.

2-46 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

2. A leachate collection and treatment facility, Leachate collection sumpsalong with which collects and extracts leachate from submersible pump to collect leachate are within and from the base of the landfill and available. then treats the leachate to meet standards, notified under E(P) Act 1986.

3. A gas collection and treatment facility, A gas control system along with Vent which collects and extracts gas from within hole pipe network is proposed. and from the top of the landfill and then treats it or uses it for energy recovery. 4. A final cover system at the top of the A final cover system is proposed at the

landfill, which enhances surface drainage, top of landfill which enhance surface prevents infiltration of water and supports drainage, prevents infiltrating water surface vegetation. and support vegetation.

5. A surface water drainage system, which surface water drainage systemprovide collects and removes all surface runoff from which collects and removes all surface the landfill site. runoff from the landfill site

6. An environmental monitoring system, which An environmental monitoring periodically collects and analyses air. Surface plan/schedule during construction, water, soil-gas (option) and ground water operation, closure and post samples around the landfill site. closure is prepared.

7. A closure and post-closure plan which lists A closure and post-closure plan are the steps that must be taken to close and prepared and is followed once the filling

secure a landfill site once the filling operation operation has been completed and the has been completed and the activities for activities for long-term monitoring, long-term monitoring, operation and operation and maintenance of the maintenance of the completed landfill. completed landfill.

2-47 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Table 2-12 DESIGN DETAIL OF TSDF LAND FILL CELLS Waste Non-Woven Geotextile – 200 Gsm Primary Composite Woven Geotextile – 250 Gsm Liners 300 Mm Clean Riverbed Coarse Sand & Gravel≤ 40mm Size, K> 10-2 Cm/Sec Non-Woven Geo-Textile – 200 Gsm 1.5 Mm Hdpe Geo Membrane 900 Mm Compacted Clay/ Amended Soil Liner With K< 10-7 Cm/Sec.

Non-Woven Geo Textile-200 Gsm 300 Mm Clean Riverbed Fine to Medium Sand Secondary K>10-2 Cm/Sec. Composite Liners Hdpe Geomembrane Of 1.5 Mm Thk

450 Mm Clay Liner With K< 10-7cm/Sec

Compacted Base Layer

2-48 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

FIGURE 2-3 LAYOUT OF CAPACITY ENHANCEMENT

2-49 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

FIGURE 2-4 LEACHATE COLLECTION & LEACHATE DETECTION SUMP

2-50 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

FIGURE 2-5 CROSS SECTION OF LANDFILL

2-51 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

FIGURE 2-6 BASE LINEAR SYSTEM

2-52 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

FIGURE 2-7 SIDE LINEAR SYSTEM

2-53 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

FIGURE 2-8 JUNCTION OF BOTTOM LINEAR WITH SIDE LINEAR

2-54 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

FIGURE 2-9 LEACHATE COLLECTION SUMP

2-55 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

FIGURE 2-10 TOP COVER SYSTEM

2-56 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

2.21 INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES

The following site infrastructure is provided at the proposed land fill facility. ➢ Site Entrance and fencing ➢ Weigh brigde ➢ Waste inspection and Sampling Facility ➢ Laboratory ➢ Administrative and Site Control Offices ➢ Waste Storage & pretreatment facility. ➢ Multiple Effect Evaporator ➢ Secured Landfill ➢ Access Roads ➢ Equipment Workshops and Garages ➢ Signs and Directions ➢ Water Supply ➢ Lighting ➢ Vehicle Cleaning Facility ➢ Didicated Vehicles for waste transportation. ➢ Fire Fighting Equipment. ➢ Tire wash Pit

The Site Entrance infrastructure has wide entrance road, enough parking area with proper direction signs and lighting. Near Entrance there is weighbridge to weigh entry and exist to keep accurate record of waste. The site has administrative and site control office equipped with all types of modern facility for tracking waste transportation and management for hazardous waste for storage, treatment, and disposal. A well-equipped NABL accredited laboratory and approved by MoEF&CC under EPA has been established to carry out comprehensive analysis of hazardous wastes, fingerprint analysis and treatability studies to decide on the disposal pathway as per the waste acceptance criteria. Analytical equipment required for comprehensive analysis of the waste to be performed prior to acceptance of the waste from the generator and for monitoring environment parameter is made available at the project site. Stabilization facility is provided for wastes that require treatment/stabilization before disposal in landfill. A layout plan showing the various infrastructure and location of landfill facility is given in the fig 2.11 and the photographs shown below.

2-57 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

FIGURE 2-11 LAYOUT OF THE PROJECT SITE

2-58 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

2.22 WATER REQUIREMENT Maximum water consumption is 20 KLD, 15 KLD is made available from underground bore well and remaining 5KLD from from Rainwater Harvesting. Table 2-13 WATER CONSUMPTION: S. NO. PARTICULARS WATER CONSUMPTION (KL/DAY) 1 For Domestic 3.6 KLD 2 Including Landscaping 5.9 3 Industrial Process 10.5 KLD Total Water Consumption 20 KLD

2.23 POWER & FUEL REQUIREMENTS Power 373 KW is sourced from existing line of Himachal Pradesh Electricity Board. In case of power failure, 1 D.G. set of 100 KVA capacity is available to fulfill the requirement.

2.24 MACHINERY & EQUIPMENTS The various equipments required at site for performing operation in waste storage, treatment and disposal area are listed in the table below. Table 2-14 EQUIPMENT FOR TSDF OPERATION S.NO. EQUIPMENT NAME TOTAL NOS. 1. JCB 1 2. Poclain 1 3. Tractors 2 4. Dumpers 11

2.25 GREEN BELT The main objective of the green belt is to provide a barrier between the plant and surroundings areas. Total 35-acre land area is available at site is characterized by the clay hillocks which are not suitable for plantation, however more than 8000 tree plantations has been undertaken within the site at suitable location. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd is carrying out the tree plantations activities outside the premises at appropriate places in the nearby area.

2.26 MATERIAL REQUIREMENT The various materials that are used in the facility are synthetic liner, clay, drainage media, pipes and chemicals like deformer (anti foaming), anti-scalar etc.

2-59 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

AERIAL VIEW

TIME OFFICE

2-60 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

AERIAL VIEW LAB

MEE PLANT

2-61 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

FIGURE 2-12 LANDFILL SITE PROTECTION DURING MONSOON

2-62 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

FIGURE 2-13 PLANTATION & LANDSCAPPING

FIGURE 2-14 SITE PHOTOGRAPHS OF TSDF

2-63 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

3.1 INTRODUCTION This Chapter describes the baseline environmental conditions around the project site for various environmental attributes, viz., and physical, biological and socio-economic, within the 10-km radial zone, which is termed as the study area. Topography, soil, water, meteorology, air, noise, and land constitute the physical environment, whereas flora and fauna constitute the biological environment. Demographic details and occupational pattern in the study area constitute socio- economic environment.

Since the TSDF is in operation from 2008, as per “Protocol for Performance, Evaluation of Common Hazardous Waste Storage, Treatment and Disposal Facility published by CPCB quarterly monitoring is being carried out for Ambient Air & Stack emission, Water, Soil and Noise and report is submitted to the regulatory authorities.

Baseline environmental conditions for the EIA study of proposed expansion is based on the field studies carried out during the study period (1st of December 2018 to February 2019; winter season) at and around the proposed site and through secondary data collected from published sources. The baseline monitoring of Ambient Air Quality & Soil and Noise Water Quality was carried out by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd, a NABL accredited and MoEF & CC (Ministry of Environment Forest & Climate Change) recognized environmental laboratory under EPA Act 1986.

3.2 SITE LOCATION AND ITS SURROUNDING The project site is located at Dabhota, Village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Distt Solan, Himachal Pradesh. The location map using Satellite image describes the geographical location of site with reference to the coordinate’s is shown in Fig 3.1. The project is located at an altitude of 372 m above mean sea level. Coordinates of the site given below. 31° 4'39.36"N, 76°38'4.98"E 31° 4'36.53"N, 76°38'6.18"E 31° 4'34.05"N, 76°38'1.71"E 31° 4'37.73"N, 76°37'59.85"E

3-64 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

APPROACH AND TRANSPORTATION The site is well connected by road to the various industrial areas of the State for the collection of hazardous waste. Nearest village is Majra on the eastern side of site beyond a buffer zone of 300-500 m away from the project site. The Nearest Railway Station is Bharatgarh (5.5 Km) and Ghanauli (14 Km) from project site. Nearest Airport is at Chandigarh, which is located at the distance of about 42 km from project site. Nearest Town- Nalagarh, 12.5 km in the East direction and District Headquarters is Solan about 50 Km from project site. Interstate boundary of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab falls within 4.8 km radius from the project site.

3.3 LAND ENVIRONMENT

TOPOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE The topography of the district Solan is mountainous with elevation ranging from 300 m. to 3000 m. from the sea level. The mountain ranges of the district lie on the outer Himalayas and are a part of Shivalik ranges. Doon valley is the most fertile tract in Nalagarh Tehsil. Saproon Valley in Solan Tehsil and Kunihar valley in Arki though small, are also fertile.

PHYSIOGRAPHY: The area falls in the Dun of Nalagarh and forms a typical rugged mountainous terrain with steep slopes and narrow and deep valleys in north and north east draining into Nalagarh valley. The Nalagarh valley is full of several Khads (streams) draining Shiwalik hills into river Satluj. Contour Map given in figure 3.4 and Drainage Map given in Figure 3.5.

3-65 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

FIGURE 3-1 LOCATION MAP

3-66 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

FIGURE 3-2 TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP

3-67 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

FIGURE 3-3 CONTOURS MAP (5 KM)

3-68 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

FIGURE 3-4 CONTOURS MAP (500 M)

3-69 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

FIGURE 3-5 DRAINAGE MAP OF THE STUDY AREA

3-70 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

3.4 LAND USE/LAND COVER Studies on land environment of ecosystem play an imperative role in identifying susceptible issues and taking appropriate action to uphold ecological equilibrium in the region. The main objective of this section is to provide a baseline status of the study area covering 10 km radius around the proposed site so that Temporal Changes due to activities on the surroundings can be assessed for future

METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR THEMATIC DATA EXTRACTION FROM THE SATELLITE IMAGERIES Land use Mapping was done based on the image color, texture, Tone etc. Following steps are used to analyze the Land use pattern of project site:

• Collection of IRS Resourcesat-2 images and made fused and blended the images for color combinations using Image Interpreter-Utilities and Layer stack option available in ERDAS. • Identification AOI and made a buffer of 10km radius. • Enhance the Fused and blended IRS Resourcesat-2 image using the Spatial, Radiometric and Temporal options in ERDAS. • Rectified the IRS Resourcesat-2 image using Georeferencing technique, Toposheet to get UTM coordinate system. • Subset the IRS Resourcesat-2 images and Toposheet using 10Kms buffer AOI. • Automatic classifications done for IRS Resourcesat-2 images using maximum iterations and number of options in unsupervised classification options. • Created the signature file by selecting the more samples of different features with AOI on Unsupervised classification image. • Export to Vector layer from supervised classification image. • Conducting QC / QA and finalized the data. Satellite Data: Obtained from NRSC, Hyderabad

Sl. No. Satellite Data Date Format

1 IRS–Resourcesat2 10 March,2019 TIFF

3-71 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

FIGURE 3-6 SATELLITE MAP OF THE 10 KM RADIUS BUFFER

3-72 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Since all the data of the study area were geo-referenced to UTM 43N WGS84 projection system, the satellite images were also obtained with the same coordinate system from NRSA. Before image classification was carried out, the satellite images were pre-processed. All the processing and classification of the satellite images were performed in the ERDAS Imagine 9.1 software. The data was delivered in separate bands of 2, 3 and 4. The first step was to stack together to get a composite. The scenes were then mosaic together since the study area covered parts of both the scenes. Once a satisfactory mosaic was done whereby the joins were no longer visible and the radiometric resolution of both the scenes were matched. This subset of the original images was then run through the unsupervised classification tool of the software to finally create the grouping of classes present in the study area.

LAND USE MAP: Land use map developed was based on the image color, texture, tone and ground truth verification data and reconciliation were carried out with actual location of landmark features such as water bodies, forest land, agriculture land, etc. is shown in Fig 3.7 and 3.8 The supervised classification of the satellite image yielded the following classes.

TABLE 3-1 LAND USE CLASS WITH AREA & PERCENTAGE

S.No Class Area in Ha Percentage

1 Buildup Area 3576 11.38 2 Crop Land 15889 50.58

3 Fallow Land 4148 13.20 4 River 640 2.04 5 Water Bodies 85 0.27 6 Canal 160 0.51 7 Scrub Land 5542 17.64 8 Forest Area 1375 4.38

Total 31415 100

3-73 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

FIGURE 3-7 LAND USE CLASSIFICATION WITHIN 10 KMS RADIUS BUFFER

3-74 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Land use/ Land Cover Classification

Buildup Area 4.38%

11.38% Crop Land

17.64% Fallow Land

0.51% River 0.27%

2.04% Water Bodies

13.20% 50.58% Canal

Scrub Land

Forest Area

FIGURE 3-8 LAND USE CLASSIFICATION Built Up Area: Built Up Area cover about 11.38% of area within 10km radius of study area. The surrounding villages around the project site are well developed with road electricity, and water connectivity.

Crop land: Crop land contributes to major part of study area. The crop land covers about 50.58% area, this is because of fertile soil and water availability.

Fallow land: After crop land the second major land use is fallow land that cover about 24.57% area within 13.20km radius buffer. This fallow land is because of changing of crop type and because of leaving the land uncultivated to get fertile. Some of the fallow land is seen because of hilly region where there is lack of continuous water supply.

3-75 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Water Bodies: There are many water bodies in the study area and contributes to 0.27 % of area within 10km radius from the plant site. This is the main cause for high fallow land in the study area. However, the river Sirsa is about 3 Km away.

Shrub/ Scrub land: The shrub and Scrub land contribute to around 17.64% of study area. The proposed project site is covered with scrub.

GEOLOGY OF THE AREA The Nasrali Nallah flows along the eastern margin. High mud hills exist on the southern margin. The entire land is bounded by Government land. The site is an open scrub with a nominal forest cover. The elevation ranges from 300m in the south to – 333.2 m in the north. The site is in the foothills of Shivalik zone of Himalayas and has mountainous terrain. A closer look at the site gives an impression of broken ground with a dendritic drainage pattern. It is a stable flood plain terrace, which is immensely rugged and forms ravines, which are locally known as Khols. The flood plain consists of deep older alluvium deposits forming part of Kunihar region. The site has typical type ravine type configuration with the general ground sloping towards the south. The lowest ground level varies from 297.5 m in the south to 209.000 in the north with a longitudinal bed slope of 1.5 to 2% along the gullies. The maximum hSIX of hills is around 333.2m. The site comprises of sedimentary deposits (mostly) alluvium of Quaternary age and is expected to overlie the alternating maroon clays and buff sandy clays of Nalagarh stage of Shiwalik range. The main geological sequence in this region is as under:

TABLE 3-2 REGIONAL GEOLOGICAL SEQUENCE

AGE (geological cycle)-sedimentary cycle FORMATIONS

Terraces Alluvium Quaternary (1.8my)-XIth sedimentary cycle Shiwalik Group Pliocene to Middle Miocene (23my)-Xth&IXth sedimentary cycle Sabathu Middle Eocene to Upper Oligocene (65 my) VIIIthsedimentary cycle Krol Triassic (243 my)-VIIth sedimentary cycle

Infra Krol Permian (270 my)- VIth sedimentary cycle

3-76 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Blaini Upper Carboniferous (300 my) – VI the sedimentary cycle

Sanjauli, Chhaosa, Kunihar Lower Paleozoic (550-my) –Vth sedimentary cycle

Shali and Jutog Precambrian (570 my) IVth sedimentary cycle.

3.5 WATER RESOURCES AND QUALITY

HYDROGEOLOGY OF THE AREA Geologically, the rock formations occupying the district range in age from pre-Cambrian to Quaternary period. Hydro-geologically, the unconsolidated valley fill or alluvial formation occurring in the valley area, semi-consolidated formations belonging to Siwalik Group and older consolidated hardrock’s forms the aquifer in the district. Intergarnular pore spacesin the sedimentary formations and secondary fissured porosity in hard rocks, topographical set up coupled with precipitation in the form of rain and snow, mainly govern the occurrence and movement of ground water. Porous alluvial formation occurring in the valley area, forms the most prolific aquifer system, whereas the sedimentary semi-consolidated formations and hard rocks, form aquifer of low yield prospect.

Major parts of the district are hilly and mountainous with highly dissected and undulating terrain. These areas are underlain by semi-consolidated and consolidated hard rocks of Tertiary and Proterozoic age. Ground water potential in such areas is very low, due to its hydro-geomorphic set up. Springs are the main ground water structures that provide water for domestic and irrigation in major rural and urban centers. Springs in the district are mainly gravity, contact or fracture type and springs located along major thrust/faults or structurally weak planes are high yielding. The springs are locally called as Chasmaand the discharge varies from seepages to as high as nine liters per second. Bowries, a type of dug well, are another structure constructedon the hill slopes to tap the seepages. Such Bowries are very common and found all over the district. Recently, state department have drilled shallow bore wells fitted with hand-pumps to provide domestic water. The hand pumps have an average depth of 50-60m with low discharges upto 1 lps.

In valley area of Nalagarh, the ground water occursin porous unconsolidated alluvial formation (valley fills), comprising of sand, silt, gravel, cobbles/pebbles etc. Ground water occurs under

3-77 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

phreatic and confined conditions. Wells and tube wells are the main ground water abstractionstructures. Ground water is being developed in the area by medium to deep tube wells, dug wells, dug-cum bored wells. Depth of open dug wells and dug-cum bored well in the area ranges from 4.00 to 60.00 m bgl, wherein depth to water level varies from near ground surface to more than 35 m bgl. Yield of shallow aquifer is moderate, with well discharges upto 10 lps.

Deeper semi-confined aquifers are being developed by tube wells, ranging in depth from 65 to 120 m, tapping 25-35 m granular zones. The well discharges vary from about 10 to 30 lps. Out of the 16 exploratory wells, CGWB has drilled/constructed 14 exploratory wells in the valley area, in the depth range of 65.00 to 300.00 m bgl. Static water level ranges from 2.2 to 43.20 mbgl, discharge ranges from1.44 to 1968 lpm, for a draw-down of 2.48 to 24.10 m.

In Nalagarh valley area, there are 12-hydrograph network stations, where depth to water level is monitored four times a year and ground water quality once, during pre-monsoon period. Depth to water table shows wide variation. During pre-monsoon period (May 2012), it ranged between 5.01 and 28.76 m bgl, while during the post-monsoon period (November 2012), depth to water level ranged from 3.02 to 27.57 m bgl. Deeper water levels are observed mainly in northwestern part and along the foothills. In major parts of the valley, the depth to water level is less than 15.00 m bgl.

3-78 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

FIGURE 3-9 HYDRO GEOLOGICAL MAP DISTRICT SOLAN Source: - Groundwater brochure Solan district) GROUND WATER RESOURCE In hilly and mountainous area of the district, ground water development through the traditional ground water sources viz. Springs (chasmas), Bowries and perennial streams, are only possible, apart from the shallow bores or hand pumps in favourable locations. Proper development of springs is essential, as it is observed that most of the springs do not have collection chambers or tanks, from where water can be distributed under gravity. The objective of spring development should be to collect the flowing water underground, to protect it from surface contamination and store it in sanitary spring box for supply. Similarly, seepage springs along hill sides, also need to be developed for harnessing ground water, in such areas.

3-79 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

In the last decade number of shallow bore wells fitted with hand pumps has been constructed in these areas, which serve as a source of water supply for domestic uses in the district. In the hilly areas, shallow bore wells in favourable locations are feasible. However, looking at the fragile ecosystem, drilling activity should be minimum. In valley areas of the district, Nalagarh area, resource estimation shows only 52% stage of ground water development (as on March 2011). This area falls in safe category. Thus, there is a scope for further ground water development by constructing additional wells, shallow and medium depth tube-wells. However, in view of mild decline in water levels, cautious development approach along with proper monitoring of development is required. (Ground water information booklet ground water information booklet Solan district, Himachal Pradesh)

Ground water samples were collected from the buffer zone of study area. Ground water results found well within the permissible limit for drinking water (IS: 10500). Rainfall is the major source of recharge to the groundwater body, apart from the influent seepage from the rivers, irrigated fields and inflow from upland areas. The discharge from ground water, mainly takesplace from wells and tube wells; effluent seepages of ground water in the form of springs and base flow in streams. Ground water resources and irrigation potential for Nalagarh valley area of the district, have been computed as per the GEC-97 methodology and the resources for the year 2011 are presented below. ➢ Area of Nalagarh valley considered for GW Assessment (ha) 23,849 ➢ Net Annual Ground Water Availability (ha) 8,331.6 ➢ Annual Ground Water Draft (ha) 4,332.31 ➢ Stage of Ground Water Development (%)52 ➢ The stage of ground water development is 52%, as on March 2011 in Nalagarh valley area and falls under “safe category”. This suggests that further ground water development can take place. Chemical quality data of ground water from shallow as well as deep aquifers in the district, indicates that ground water is generally alkaline in nature and suitable for both domestic and irrigation use. All the parameters analyzed are well within the permissible limits of safe drinking water, as per Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS). The range of chemical parameters, as per samples collected from hydrograph network stations of CGWB in the district are summarized below. Quality of ground water in shallow aquifer, is thus good for domestic and irrigation purpose in the district. Though, contamination of ground water has not been reported in the district so far, however, 3-80 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

the fast-developing industrial area particularly in Nalagarhblock, is highly vulnerable to pollution from industrial effluents. There is thus, a need to have proper ETPs and waste disposal system, with all the industries and major towns. Proper monitoring is very much required. Ground water development particularly in valley areas in the district, underlain by alluvium/valley fills, is on moderate scale. In these areas, all the major irrigation, industrial and domestic water supplies depend on ground water viz., open wells and tube wells. In rest of the district area, due to poor potentialities in hilly hard rock areas and hilly slopy terrain, groundwater development is low. However, in these areas also, major water supply and sources of water are ground water based viz., perennial springs, bowries and hand pumps. Springs are tapped at the source, so that the water can be supplied under gravity. All major towns’ andvillages are supplied water from ground water sources. Large-scale ground water development is mainly restricted to Nalagarh valley only, where wells and tube wells are feasible. In these areas, ground water is developed by large number of dug wells and shallow tube wells. All the major 9 irrigation, drinking and industrial water supplies depend on these structures, in addition to various water supply schemes based on base flow in rivers and streams or nallas.

WATER QUALITY IN STUDY AREA To evaluate the physico-chemical characteristics of the water resources existing in the study area, water samples from surface and ground water sources were collected during the post-monsoon season and analyzed for physico-chemical parameters. Twelve samples of water drawn from different sources (six surface and six ground water) have been analyzed as per prescribed testing standards.

LOCATION OF SAMPLING STATIONS sampling stations covering ground and surface water were selected in the buffer zone of the study area is given in Table 3-3 The locations of water sampling stations have been shown in Figure 3-10 & 3.11.

3-81 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

FIGURE 3-10 GROUND WATER MONITORING LOCATION MAP

3-82 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

FIGURE 3-11 SURFACE WATER MONITORING LOCATION MAP

3-83 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

TABLE 3-3 WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS WITHIN STUDY AREA

CODE LOCATION OF WATER DISTANCE DIRECTION SAMPLING STATIONS (KM) FROM PROJECT SITE Ground Water GW1 Majra 0.4 SW GW2 Bharatghar 2.62 NW GW3 Ghanauli 7.36 SW GW4 Dabhota 1.00 N GW5 Dolowal 5.25 ENE GW6 Manjholi 8.16 SSE Surface Water SW1 Aduwal 6.7 ENE SW2 Ratyor 1.2 N SW3 Madhopur 6.7 W SW4 Chhoti Jhakhlan 7.6 NW SW5 BadaBasot 3 SSE SW6 Jagatkhana 5.7 SE

METHODOLOGY Grab Samples of surface and ground water sources were collected. The physico-chemical quality of water samples wasdetermined by adopting therelevant parts of IS: 2488 (Part 1-5) ‘’ Standard Methods for sampling and testing of industrial effluents & APHA’’. For analysis, the samples were brought to M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd which is MoEF & CC recognized environmental laboratory under EPA Act 1986 an ISO 9001: 2000 certified laboratory Nalagarh, Solan Himachal Pradesh. Samples were properly preserved and transported.

RESULTS The water sampling results for ground and surface water samples are given in Table 3.4 & 3.5 respectively. The analysis of the water samples shows that:

❖ Colour and odour are well within desirable limits and unobjectionable.

3-84 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

❖ Turbidity is within permissible limits and unobjectionable in ground water samples in all the sampling locations. In the Surface water samples, the concentrations are also well within permissible limit. ❖ pH value varies between 6.84 to 7.11 for the collected samples, which is in permissible limit. ❖ Chlorides and sulphates are well within desirable and permissible limits. ❖ Total hardness is well within the desirable limits in the surface water in all the sampling locations. In the ground water samples concentration is also well within the permissible limits. ❖ Total dissolved solid is well within the permissible limit. ❖ Alkalinity is withinthe desirable & permissible limit in all ground water samples. ❖ Copper, chromium total, cadmium, copper, nickel, lead, and manganese are below detectable limits. ❖ Fluoride is within the desirable and permissible limits inall surfaceand ground water samples. ❖ Calcium concentration in the ground water concentration are well within permissible limit ❖ Magnesium concentration in the ground water concentration is well within the permissible limit.

3-85 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

TABLE 3-4 GROUND WATER TEST RESULTS AT MONITORING STATION DURING STUDY PERIOD

S.N PARAMETERS UNI LIMITS (IS: GW-01 GW-02 GW-03 GW-04 GW-05 GW-06 O. T 10500:2012) DESIRA PERMISS Majra Bharatg Ghanauli Dabhota Dolowal Manjholi BLE IBLE har

1 Colour Haze 5 15 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Odour -n Agreea Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreeable Agreeabl Agreeable Agreeable ble e e e e 3 Turbidity NTU 1 5 <1 <1 <5 <5 <1 <1 4 pH -- 6.5-8.5 No 7.1 6.84 7.11 6.89 7.28 6.87 Relaxation 5 Conductivity µS/c 816 793 1236 596 590 635 6 Total Dissolve Solids mmg/l 500 2000 490 476 742 358 366 394

7 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 200 600 201.96 217.80 237.60 162.36 194.04 194.04

8 Total Hardness as mg/l 200 600 321.43 360.39 472.40 243.51 277.6 277.6

CaCo3 9 Calcium as Ca mg/l 75 200 93.69 101.50 146.40 81.98 93.69 85.89 10 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 30 100 21.30 26.04 26.04 9.47 10.65 15.38 11 Chloride as Cl mg/l 250 1000 24.32 34.74 71.22 13.90 8.69 17.37

12 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 200 400 81.2 52 75.1 22.27 34.9 25.9

13 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 45 No 13.38 5.16 5.15 1.61 2.27 3.8 Relaxation 14 Fluoride (aF) mg/l mg/l 1.0 1.5 0.19 0.36 0.48 0.39 0.15 0.33

3-86 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

S.N PARAMETERS UNI LIMITS (IS: GW-01 GW-02 GW-03 GW-04 GW-05 GW-06 O. T 10500:2012) DESIRA PERMISS Majra Bharatg Ghanauli Dabhota Dolowal Manjholi BLE IBLE har

15 Cyanide (CN) mg/l 0.05 No ND ND ND ND ND ND Relaxation (DL=0.02) (DL=0.0 (DL=0.02) (DL=0.02) (DL=0.02) (DL=0.02) 16 Phenolic Compounds mg/l 0.001 0.002 ND 2)ND ND ND ND ND (C6H5OH) (DL=0.001 (DL=0.0 (DL=0.001 (DL=0.001 (DL=0.001 (DL=0.001 ) 01) ) ) ) ) 17 Boron (B mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND (DL=0.2) (DL=0.2) (DL=0.2) (DL=0.2) (DL=0.2) (DL=0.2) 18 As mg/l 0.01 0.05 ND ND ND ND ND ND (DL=0.01) (DL=0.0 (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01) 19 Cu mg/l 0.05 1.5 ND 1)ND ND ND ND ND (DL=0.01) (DL=0.0 (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01) 20 Cr mg/L 0.05 No ND 1)ND ND ND ND ND Relaxation (DL=0.04) (DL=0.0 (DL=0.04) (DL=0.04) (DL=0.04) (DL=0.04) 4) 21 Cd mg/l 0.003 No ND ND ND ND ND ND Relaxation (DL=0.01) (DL=0.0 (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01) 1) 22 Pb mg/L 0.01 No ND ND ND ND ND ND Relaxation (DL=0.05) (DL=0.0 (DL=0.05) (DL=0.05) (DL=0.05) (DL=0.05) 5) 23 Mn mg/l 0.1 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND (DL=0.01) (DL=0.0 (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01) 1)

3-87 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

S.N PARAMETERS UNI LIMITS (IS: GW-01 GW-02 GW-03 GW-04 GW-05 GW-06 O. T 10500:2012) DESIRA PERMISS Majra Bharatg Ghanauli Dabhota Dolowal Manjholi BLE IBLE har

24 Mercury Hg mg/l mg/l 0.001 No ND ND ND ND ND ND Relaxation (DL=0.001 (DL=0.0 (DL=0.001 (DL=0.001 (DL=0.001 (DL=0.001 ) 01) ) ) ) ) 25 Ni mg/l 0.02 No ND ND ND ND ND ND Relaxation (DL=0.2) (DL=0.2) (DL=0.2) (DL=0.2) (DL=0.2) (DL=0.2)

26 Zn mg/L 5 15 ND ND ND ND ND ND (DL=0.01) (DL=0.0 (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01) 1) 27 Fe mg/L 0.3 No ND ND ND ND ND ND Relaxation (DL=0.01) (DL=0.0 (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01) (DL=0.01) 28 Total Coliform MPN Shall not be detectable <1.8 1)<1.8 <1.8 <1.8 <1.8 <1.8

/100 29 E Coli ml--- Shall not be detectable Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

Remark: ND- Not Detected DL-Detection Limit

3-88 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

TABLE 3-5: SURFACE WATER RESULT AT MONITORING LOCATION DURING STUDY PERIOD S.No Parameters Units SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5 SW6

1. pH -- 7.62 7.73 7.4 7.54 7.61 7.78 2. TS mg/L 546 806 573 615 737 701

3. TSS mg/L 16 22 13 3 21 21

4. TDS mg/L 530 784 560 612 716 680

5. DO mg/l 7.3 7.2 7.2 6.9 6.8 6.8

6. COD mg/L 20.74 24.89 12.44 16.59 33.18 24.89

7. BOD mg/L 2.94 6.43 4.15 5.53 8.57 6.84

8. Oil & Grease mg/L O.5 0.7 0.3 0.8 0.5 0.5

9. Calcium mg/l 93.69 111.26 87.84 95.65 122.97 109.31

10. Magnesium mg/L 17.75 27.22 18.94 10.65 9.47 7.10 11. Chloride mg/L 137.23 222.34 140.70 225.82 222.34 229.29

12. Sulphate (SO4) mg/L 67.2 112.8 83.7 84.7 108.6 108.3

13. Nitrate (NO3) mg/L 4.43 4.21 4.25 4.36 4.15 4.23

14. Fluoride (as F) mg/L 0.39 0.30 0.42 0.22 ND 0.21

15. NH3 (Total mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND Project) 16. Cyanide (as CN) mg/L ND (DL=0.02) ND (DL=0.02) ND (DL=0.02) ND (DL=0.02) ND (DL=0.02) ND (DL=0.02)

17. Phenolic mg/l ND(DL=0.001) ND(DL=0.001) ND(DL=0.001) ND(DL=0.001) ND(DL=0.001) ND(DL=0.001) Compounds (as C6H5OH)

18. Boron (as B) mg/L ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2)

3-89 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

19. Total Arsenic (as mg/l ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01) As) 20. Copper (as Cu) mg/L ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01)

21. Total Chromium mg/L ND(DL=0.04) ND(DL=0.04) ND(DL=0.04) ND(DL=0.04) ND(DL=0.04) ND(DL=0.04) (as Cr)

22. Cadmium (as Cd) mg/l ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01)

23. Iron (as Fe) mg/L ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01)

24. Lead (as Pb) mg/L ND(DL=0.05) ND(DL=0.05) ND(DL=0.05) ND(DL=0.05) ND(DL=0.05) ND(DL=0.05)

25. Manganese (as mg/l ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01) Mn)

26. Mercury (as Hg) mg/l ND(DL=0.001) ND(DL=0.001) ND(DL=0.001) ND(DL=0.001) ND(DL=0.001) ND(DL=0.001)

27. Nickel (Ni) mg/l ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2)

28. Zinc (as Zn) mg/L ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01) ND(DL=0.01)

29. Total Coliform MPN/ 130 920 94 350 170 120 100 ml 30. Fecal Coliform --- 4.5 350 6.8 14 21 4.5

3-90 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

SURFACE WATER Sirsa River flows through the central part of the Nalagarh valley, belongs to the rapid industrial belt of Baddi, Barotiwala and Nalagarh (BBN). The analysis report of the water sample collected from the different surface water sources (Canal, Pond & River) in study area show that the water is used for the domestic purposes but only after conventional treatment & disinfection. As per the analysis the class of water is “C” as per the CPCB’s water quality criteria for designated best use.

TABLE 3-6: CPCB WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR SURFACE WATER SOURCES. Designated-Best-Use Class of Criteria water Drinking water source without A Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml is 50 or less; conventional treatment but after pH between 6.5 and 8.5; disinfection Dissolved Oxygen 6mg/l or more Outdoor bathing (Organized) B Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml is 500 or less; pH between 6.5 and 8.5; Dissolved Oxygen 5mg/l or more Drinking water source after C Total Coliform Organism MPN/100ml is 5000 or less; conventional treatment and pH between 6 to 9; disinfection Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more Propagation of Wildlife and D pH between 6.5 to 8.5; Fisheries Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more; Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2 mg/l or less Irrigation, Industrial Cooling, E pH between 6.0 to 8.5; Controlled Waste disposal Electrical Conductivity at 25°C micro mhos/cm Max.2250; Sodium absorption ratio max. 26; Boron Max. 2mg/l Below-E Not Meeting A, B, C, D & E Criteria

3.6 SOIL ENVIRONMENT

The soil characteristics include both physical and chemical properties. The soil survey and soil sample were carried out / collected to assess the soil characteristics of the study area.

The samples were collected by driving an auger into the soil up to the depth of 90cm. The present study on the soil quality establishes the baseline characteristics and identifies the incremental concentrations if any, due to the proposed project. The objective of the sampling is: -

• To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area; • To determine the impact of proposed activity on soil characteristics and; 3-91 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

• To determine the impact on soil more importantly agriculture production point of view

Soil samples were collected from 6 locations. The soil samples were collected from three different depths viz. 30cm, 60cm and 90cm. The samples were then packed in polythene plastic bags and sealed. Sample from three different depths were homogenized and are then analyzed

Solan district presents an intricate mosaic of high mountain ranges, hills and valleys with altitude ranging from 300 to 3000 m above msl. The altitude of the hill ranges is higher in northern parts, whereas south-western part of the district is represented by low denuded hill ranges of Siwalik. In the areas underlain by high hill ranges of Himalayas, the valleys are narrow and deep with steep slopes trending in NW-SE direction. The terrain is moderate to highly dissect with steep slopes. Solan district is drained by streams/rivers forming part of the drainage basins of the Sutlej, the Yamuna and the Ghaggar rivers. However, major part of the district is drained by tributaries of Sutlej river viz., Ghambar River and Sirsa nadi. Ghambar River flows almost from the central part of the district towards north-east to join the Sutlej River in Gobind Sagar Lake. Another important tributary of the Sutlej River is the Sirsa Nadi, flowing towards north-west in the Nalagarh valley. The Giri River and its tributary, Assan flows towards south in the eastern part over a small area and are part of Yamuna river basin. Ghaggar River flows towards south-west and marks the south-eastern boundary of the district. Most of the rivers/streams/khads maintain base flow for major part of the year. In hilly terrain, the drainage density is high and fine, but it become coarse in foothills, kandi areas and valleys. Soil is generally sandy loam in valley areas of the district and in rest of the hilly and mountainous areas, soil is skeletal. Soil depth is generally shallow, except in areas having good vegetative cover. It is generally dry, shallow and deficient in organic matter. Landslides are the common features in mountainous terrain. Soils are rich in nutrients and thus are fertile.

3.6.1.1 SOIL QUALITY Soils may be defined as a thin layer of earth's crust that serves as a natural medium for the growth of plants. It is the unconsolidated mineral matter that has been subjected to and influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Soils serve as a reservoir of nutrients for plants and crops and provide mechanical anchorage and favorabletilts. The samples were examined for

3-92 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

various parameters; thus, the sampling locations are decided based on one or more criteria these are:

To determine the existing soil characteristics of the study area; Soil samples from six locations were collected and analyzed to assess the baseline characteristics of the soil in the study area. Location of sampling stations is shown in Figure 3.12 and distance and direction is given in Table 3.7; Analysis results of soil sampling are given in Table 3.9 & Standards for classification in Table 3.8.

TABLE 3-7: LOCATION OF SOIL SAMPLING STATIONS S.NO LOCATION OF SOIL DISTANCE DIRECTION FROM SAMPLING STATIONS (KM) PROJECT SITE) SS-01 Majra 0.4 SW

SS-02 Bharatghar 2.62 NW

SS-03 Ghanauli 7.36 SW

SS-04 Dabhota 1.00 N

SS-05 Dolowal 5.25 ENE

SS-06 Manjholi 8.16 SSE

3-93 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

FIGURE 3-12 SOIL MONITORING LOCATION MAP

3-94 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

TABLE 3-8 STANDARD SOIL CLASSIFICATION

Sr. No. Soil Test Classification 1 pH <4.5 Extremely acidic 4.51- 5.50 Very strongly acidic 5.51-6.00 moderately acidic 6.01-6.50 slightly acidic 6.51-7.30 Neutral 7.31-7.80 slightly alkaline 7.81-8.50 moderately alkaline 8.51-9.0 strongly alkaline 9.01 very strongly alkaline 2 Salinity Electrical Conductivity Up to 1.00 Average (µmhos/cm) 1.01-2.00 harmful to germination (1ppm = 640 µmho/cm) 2.01-3.00 harmful to crops (sensitive to salts) 3 Organic Carbon (%) Up to 0.2: very less 0.21-0.4: less 0.41-0.5 medium, 0.51-0.8: on an average sufficient 0.81-1.00: sufficient >1.0 more than sufficient 4 Nitrogen (Kg/ha) Up to 50 very less 51-100 less 101-150 good 151-300 Better >300 sufficient 5 Phosphorus (Kg/ha) Up to 15 very less 16-30 less 31-50 medium, 51-65 on an average sufficient 66-80 sufficient >80 more than sufficient 6 Potash (Kg/ha) 0 -120 very less 120-180 less 181-240 medium 241-300 average 301-360 better >360 more than sufficient

3-95 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

TABLE 3-9: ANALYSIS RESULTS OF SOIL SAMPLING Parameters Units SS-01 SS-02 SS-03 SS-04 SS-05 SS-06 Majra Bharatgarh Ghanauli Dabhota Dolowal Manjholi Soil Texture Clay Loam Clay Loam Sandy Clay Loamy Sand Clay Loam Sandy Clay Sand % 38.2 37.5 48.1 45.4 35.7 47.4 Clay % 44.5 44.7 35.4 28.5 41.8 37.5 Silt % 17.3 17.8 16.5 26.1 22.5 15.1 Bulk Density g/cc 1.45 1.48 1.46 1.46 1.52 1.48 pH 8.09 7.66 7.39 7.48 7.9 7.32 Conductivity mS/cm 0.151 0.158 0.343 0.211 0.271 0.15 Organic Carbon % 0.50 1.23 1.23 1.15 1.56 1.23 Organic matter % 0.86 2.12 2.12 1.98 2.70 2.12 Available N % 0.06 0.03 0.07 0.04 0.07 0.07 Available Phosphorus mg/gm 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.41 0.51 0.51 Available Potassium mg/gm 23.25 20.75 21.5 18.75 24 20 As mg/Kg ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2) Cd mg/Kg ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2) Cr mg/Kg ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2) Pb mg/Kg ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2) ND(DL=0.2) Ni mg/Kg 3.21 3.15 2.25 122 0.97 1.25 Zn ug/g 11.2 22.2 12.1 11.5 10.5 16.8 Cu ug/g 13.5 10.2 12.5 24.5 13.7 12.9 Fe ug/g 23.4 24.5 14.7 12.5 33.4 32.9 Mn ug/g 8.21 3.42 4.27 8.87 5.92 6.52 ND= Not Detected DL=Detection Limit

3-96 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Status of Soil Quality Physical properties, chemical and physico-chemical characters of soil samples at six locations and evaluation of initial soil quality based on the above characters is done and presented as below.

Physical characters The physical characters include Bulk density, grain size distribution (textural analysis),

Grain size distribution: Texture indicates relative proportion of various sizes of primary soil particles such as sand, silt and clay present in the soil. Based on their quantities present in the soil sample and using the textural classification diagram. The textural classes of six soil samples are loamy sand, sandy clay and Clay loam.

Bulk Density: In case of bulk density total soil space (space occupied by solid and pore spaces combined) are taken into consideration. Thus, Bulk Density is defined as the mass (wsix) of a unit volume of a dry soil. This volume would, off course include both solids and pores. Soil texture, soil structure and organic matter content are the factors influencing the bulk density of a soil. Bulk Density, besides an interesting and significant physical characteristic, is very important as a basis for certain computations. The Bulk density of the six-soil sample under consideration ranges between 1.45 to 1.52 gm/cc and confirms the coarse texture of the soil samples of the area under study.

Chemical Characters The parameters considered for chemical analysis are: Soil reaction (pH), Electrical conductivity(EC),Cation Exchange Capacity(CEC, water soluble sulphates,and chlorides, sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR).ESP,, Macro nutrients like Available Nitrogen, total Organic carbon, organic matter vailable phosphorus, total potassium Micro nutrients like Iron Zinc, manganese and boron, copper. Heavy metals like Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr), Arsenic.

Soil reaction (pH): The nutritional importance of pH is illustrated, thus hydrogen ion concentration has influence not only on, solubility of nutrients, but also upon facility with which these nutrients are absorbed by plants, even already in soil solution for e.g. Fe,Mn and Zn become less available as pH rises from 4.5 to 7 to 8. At pH 6.5 to7.0 utilization of nitrate and ammonia nitrogen becomes more available. In case of phosphorus it becomes less available to plant as pH

3-97 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

increases above 8.5, due to its fixation in exchange complex of soil. For the six-soil sample under consideration the pH ranges between 7.32 to 8.09 indicating soils are slightly alkaline and are almost normal for crop growth.

Electrical conductivity (EC): The salt content of the soil is estimated by EC measurements, and is useful to designate soils as normal or sodic (saline). Electrical conductivity is expressed as µmhos/cm at 25◦C, µsmhos/ cm or mmhos /cm or µs/cm. The EC of soil samples is between 0.15 to 0.343 µs/cm and are below the limits to be called as saline and hence the soils are normal for crop growth.

Organic Carbon / Organic matter (%) Although accounting for only a small part of the total soil mass in mineral soils, organic matter influences physical, chemical, and biological activities in the soil. Organic matter in the soil is plant and animal residue which serves as a reserve for many essential nutrients, especially nitrogen. Determination of organic matter helps to estimate the nitrogen which is released by bacterial activity for the next season depending on the conditions, soil aeration, pH, type of organic material, and other factors. The soil samples under consideration contain 0.50 to1.56% organic carbons and 0.86 to 2.70% organic matter, calculated from organic carbon estimation. As per crop requirements the soils are low to sufficient in organic matter content.

Available Nitrogen (N) Nitrogen is a part of all living cells and is a necessary part of all proteins, enzymes and metabolic processes involved in the synthesis and transfer of energy. Nitrogen is a part of chlorophyll, the green pigment of the plant that is responsible for photosynthesis. Helps plants with rapid growth, increasing seed and fruit production and improving the quality of leaf and forage crops. The available nitrogen in the samples in question, as per analysis, ranges between 0.03 to 0.07 kg/ha showing good available nitrogen content in different samples for crop growth.

Available Phosphorus (P): Like nitrogen, phosphorus (P) is an essential part of the process of photosynthesis, involved in the formation of oil, sugar, starch etc. Help with the transformation of solar energy into chemical energy; proper plant maturation; withstanding stress, Effects rapid growth. Encourage blooming and root growth. The phosphorus content of soil of samples ranges between 0.4 to 0.51 mg/ha and falls under very low and low category, for crop growth.

3-98 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Total Potassium (K): Potassium is absorbed by plants in larger amounts than any other mineral element except nitrogen and, in some cases, calcium. Help in the building of protein, photosynthesis, fruit quality and reduction of diseases. The Potassium content of soil samples ranges between 18.75 to 24 mg/ha and is more than sufficient for crop growth.

Iron (Fe): Iron is essential for crop and other plants for chlorophyll formation Iron deficiency likely occur in soil with high pH, poor aeration, excessive phosphorus, or low organic matter. It may be produced also by an imbalance of Mo, Cu, and Mn. In plants, the deficiency shows up as a pale green leaf color (chlorosis) with sharp distinction between green veins and yellow inter- venial tissues. The iron content of samples ranges between 12.5 to 24.5 % and is sufficient to plant growth.

Manganese (Mn): Is an important plant micronutrient and is required by plants in second greater quantity compared to iron, like any other element, it can have limiting factor on plant growth, if it is deficient or toxic in plant tissue. Manganese is used in plants as major contribution to various biological systems, including photo synthesis, respiration and nitrogen assimilation. The Manganese content of samples ranges between 3.42 to 8.87% and is sufficient to plant growth

Zinc (Zn) Zn deficiency most often is present in sandy soils with neutral or alkaline pH, or with low organic matter. Total zinc may be high, but the availability depends on other factors. In the present six samples Zinc content ranges between 11.2 to 22.2 mg/kg.

Heavy Metals Soils may become contaminated by the accumulation of heavy metals and metalloids through emissions from the rapidly expanding industrial areas, mine tailings, disposal of high metal wastes, leaded gasoline and paints, land application of fertilizers, animal manures, sewage sludge, pesticides, wastewater irrigation, coal combustion residues, spillage of petrochemicals, and atmospheric deposition. Heavy metals constitute an ill-defined group of inorganic chemical hazards, and those most commonly found at contaminated sites are lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd),), mercury (Hg), and nickel (Ni) Soils are the major sink for heavy metals released into the environment by aforementioned anthropogenic activities and unlike organic contaminants which are oxidized to carbon (IV) oxide by microbial action, most metals do not undergo microbial or chemical degradation and their total concentration in soils

3-99 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

persists for a long time after their introduction Changes in their chemical forms (speciation) and bioavailability are, however, possible. The presence of toxic metals in soil can severely inhibit the biodegradation of organic contaminants [Heavy metal contamination of soil may pose risks and hazards to humans and the ecosystem through: direct ingestion or contact with contaminated soil, the food chain (soil-plant-human or soil-plant-animal-human), drinking of contaminated ground water, reduction in food quality (safety and marketability) via phyto-toxicity, reduction in land usability for agricultural production causing food insecurity, and land tenure problems Chromium (Cr) Chromium mobility depends on sorption characteristics of the soil, including clay content, iron oxide content, and the amount of organic matter present. Chromium can be transported by surface runoff to surface waters in its soluble or precipitated form. Soluble and un-adsorbed chromium complexes can leach from soil into groundwater. The leachability of Cr (VI) increases as soil pH increases. Most of Cr released into natural waters is particle associated, however, and is ultimately deposited into the sediment. In the samples the chromium is below detectible limit and soils are not contaminated

Lead (Pb) Typical mean Pb concentration for surface soils worldwide averages 32 mg kg−1 and ranges from 10 to 67 mg kg−1 The most serious source of exposure to soil lead is through direct ingestion of contaminated soil or dust. In general, plants do not absorb or accumulate lead. However, in soils testing high in lead, it is possible for some lead to be taken up. Studies have shown that lead does not readily accumulate in the fruiting parts of vegetable and fruit crops (e.g., corn, beans, squash, tomatoes, strawberries, and apples). Higher concentrations are more likely to be found in leafy vegetables (e.g., lettuce) and on the surface of root crops (e.g., carrots). Since plants do not take up large quantities of soil lead, the lead levels in soil considered safe for plants is much higher than soil lead levels where eating of soil is a concern (pica). Generally, it has been considered safe to use garden produce grown in soils with total lead levels less than 300 ppm. The risk of lead poisoning through the food chain increases as the soil lead level rises above this concentration. Even at soil levels above 300 ppm, most of the risk is from lead contaminated soil or dust deposits on the plants rather than from uptake of lead by the plant. In the samples, the Lead is below detectible limit and soils are not contaminated.

Nickel ( Ni): Nickel is an element that occurs in the environment only at very low levels and is essential in small doses, but it can be dangerous when the maximum tolerable amounts are

3-100 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

exceeded. . It usually takes a long time for nickel to be removed from air. The larger part of all Ni compounds that are released to the environment adsorb to sediment or soil particles and become immobile as a result. In acidic soils, however, Ni becomes more mobile and often leaches down to the adjacent groundwater. In the soil samples, the nickel content is below detectible limit and soils are not contaminated

Arsenic (As) Arsenate can adsorb or co precipitates with metal sulfides and has a high affinity for other sulfur compounds. Elemental arsenic and arsine, AsH3, may be present under extreme reducing conditions. Biotransformation (via methylation) of arsenic creates methylated derivatives of arsine. As compounds adsorb strongly to soils and are therefore transported only over short distances in groundwater and surface water. In the samples, the arsenic values are below detectible limit. Soils are not contaminated

Cadmium (Cd) The application of agricultural inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides, and biosolids (sewage sludge), the disposal of industrial wastes or the deposition of atmospheric contaminants increases the total concentration of Cd in soils, and the bioavailability of this Cd determines whether plant Cd uptake occurs to a significant degree. Cadmium is very bio -persistent but has few toxicological properties and, once absorbed by an organism, remains resident for many years. The samples concentration of cadmium is below detectible limits.

Observations: From the interpretation of field data, physical and chemical data it can be concluded that:

As per the physical data soils are coarse texture, having moderate to high bulk density, poor water holding capacity, and moderate permeability. As per physical characters soils are rated as moderately good for agriculture.

As per chemical characters soil reaction (pH) soils are slightly alkaline and normal for crop growth and electrical conductivity (EC) is non-saline (normal).

Organic matter is low to enough. Macro nutrient like nitrogen is good and phosphorus is very low to low, potassium is more than sufficient.

3-101 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Micro-nutrients, Mn (low), Zn (low), and B (High), Fe (low) Al (normal), SO4and Cl are moderate to high to very high. Content of micronutrient like Mn, Zn, Fe are low, there is likely deficiency of these micronutrients to plants.

Cation Exchange capacity is low indicating poor fertility. Sodium adsorption ratio and ESP values indicates the soils are normal.

Heavy metals like Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Arsenic (As), and Cadmium (Cd) and PAH are normal and no danger of biomagnification.

As observed during field visit of 10 km buffer area from boundary of TSDF site. There are soils on mid alluvial plains and piedmont plains and are loamy sand, sandy loam and loam they are developed by alluvial parent material.

Thus, as per analysis of soils data and field observation the land can be classified as class III land i.e. moderately good soils, on alluvial and coastal plains. Subject to water erosion., as per land capability classification (USDA) i.e. moderate land for sustained agriculture.

3.7 CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY Meteorological study exerts a critical influence on air quality as it is an important factor in governing the ambient air quality. The meteorological data recorded during the study period is used for interpretation of the baseline information as well as input for air quality simulation models. Meteorological data was collected for post monsoon season. The Climate in the region shows broadly four seasonal variations namely: The climate of the district is sub-tropical in the valley and tends to be temperate on the hilltops. There are four major seasons. The winter season commences from November to February and ends in March; summer season extends from March to June, followed by the monsoon period extending from July to September.Maximum precipitation occurs during July to September. Average annual rainfall in the district is about 1140.86 mm, out of which 85% rainfall occurs during June to September. In the winter season, precipitation as snowfall also occurs in the higher reaches up to 1000 m elevation and as rainfall in low hills and valleys of the district. Mean maximum and minimum temperature ranges between 32.2°C (May) and 0.6°C (January).

Ambient air quality monitoring stations are selected primarily based on surface influence, demographic influence and meteorological influence. The study of SO2, NO2, & PM10 are carried

3-102 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

out 24 hours twice a week at each station. The study was done in post monsoon season for a period of 3 months December 2018 to February 2019.

TABLE 3-10 SITE-SPECIFIC METEOROLOGICAL DATA

January February March April May June July August September October November December

Avg. TN 12.9 15.6 20.6 26.3 31.1 32.5 29.2 28.3 27.9 23.9 18.7 14.5 erature (°C)

Min. 6.7 8.9 13.6 18.7 23.7 26.2 25.1 24.5 22.9 16.9 10.7 7.3 Temperature (°C) Max. 19.2 22.3 27.7 34 38.6 38.8 33.4 32.1 32.9 31 26.7 21.7 Temperature (°C) Avg. 55.2 60.1 69.1 79.3 88.0 90.5 84.6 82.9 82.2 75.0 65.7 58.1 Temperature (°F) Min. 44.1 48.0 56.5 65.7 74.7 79.2 77.2 76.1 73.2 62.4 51.3 45.1 Temperature (°F) Max. 66.6 72.1 81.9 93.2 101.5 101.8 92.1 89.8 91.2 87.8 80.1 71.1 Temperature (°F)

Precipitation / 64 47 51 13 26 76 360 280 178 45 11 Rainfall (mm)

MICRO-METEOROLOGICAL DATA RECORDED AT PROJECT SITE The climate in Solan is warm and temperate. When compared with winter, the summers have much more rainfall. According to Köppen and Geiger, this climate is classified as Cwa. In Solan, the average annual temperature is 17.4 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1413 mm. June is the warmest month of the year. The temperature in June averages 24.7 °C. At 8.6 °C on average, January is the coldest month of the year. There is a difference of 381 mm of precipitation between the driest and wettest months. The variation in annual temperature is around 16.1 °C. An automatic weather monitoring instrument was installed in the core zone at about 3 meters from ground level free from any obstruction. Site specific Micro – meteorological data of the core zone was recorded. Wind Wind speed of a site plays a vital role in predicting the extent of air pollution. It gives a clear view about the extent to which air pollutants are carried before they touch the ground. Wind rose

3-103 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

diagram for the post monsoon season shows the direction of wind is mostly from south West to North East direction.

FIGURE 3-13 WIND ROSE DURING THE STUDY PERIOD 3.8 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY The prime objective of the baseline ambient air quality monitoring is to evaluate the existing air quality of the area and to confirm whether the ambient air quality during the operation of the proposed project meets the air quality standards. This section describes the selection of sampling locations, methodology adopted for sampling, analytical techniques and frequency of sampling. AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING PERIOD The ambient air quality survey was conducted duringwinter season from December 2018 to February 2019. LOCATION AND SELECTION OF AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING STATIONS The air sampling stations were established in and around the core and buffer zone to study the present ambient air quality, five station in core zone four stations in the buffer zone. A map of the study area showing the locations of these sampling stations, as mentioned in Table 3-11 is presented in Figure 3-14. The design of monitoring network in the air quality surveillance programme has been based on the following considerations:

3-104 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

✓ Meteorological conditions on synoptic basis; ✓ Topography of the study area; ✓ Representativeness of the region for establishing baseline status; ✓ Representativeness with respect to likely impact areas. TABLE 3-11: DETAILS OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS S.No. Village Name Distance (km) A1 Project Site - A2 Manguwal 0.6 A3 Aduwal 6.7 A4 BadaBasot 3 A5 Ghogarwal 7.5 A6 Ratyor 1.2 A7 Ghanauli 7.3 A8 Bharatgharh 2.56 A9 Panjaira 7.2

FREQUENCY AND PARAMETERS OF SAMPLING Ambient air quality monitoring has been carried simultaneously at 9 locations with a frequency of two consecutive days per week for 12 weeks. The samples were analysed in laboratory by adopting the methods specified in National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The following air pollution parameters were monitored during the sampling periods, for each sample:

❖ Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10)

❖ Fine particulate (PM2.5)

❖ Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

❖ Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) ❖ Carbon Monoxide (CO)

❖ Ozone (O3)

❖ Ammonia (NH3) Lead (Pb) ❖ Nickel (Ni) ❖ Arsenic (As) ❖ Benzo Pyrine (BaP)

❖ Benzene (C2H2)

3-105 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

FIGURE 3-14 AIR MONITORING LOCATION MAP OF THE PROJECT

3-106 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES A summary of the methodology adopted for determining various air quality parameters are given in Table.3.12 TABLE 3-12: PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING VARIOUS AIR QUALITY PARAMETERS

PARAMETERS TESTING PROCEDURE

PM10 Respirable Dust Sampler (RDS)

PM2.5 Fine Particulate Sampler

SO2 Absorption in Sodium Tetra Chloro-mercurate followed by Colorimetric estimation using P-Rosaniline hydrochloride and Formaldehyde (IS: 5182 Part. II. 1969) NOx Absorption in dil. NaOH and then estimated calorimetrically with sulphanilamide and N(INepthyle) Ethylene diamine Dihydrochloride and Hydrogen Peroxide (IS:5182 1975, Part VI) CO Detection byhand held CO indicator with least count 0.1 ppm (125 µg/m3)

O3 Liberation of iodine when ozone absorbed in a 1% solution of potassium iodine buffered at Ph 6.8+0.2. Iodine is determined spectrophotometrically by measuring the absorption of tri-iodide ion at 352 nm. (Guidelines for measurement of ambient air pollutants by CPCB) NH3 Indophenol Blue Method (Guidelines for measurement of ambient air pollutants by CPCB)

C6H6 Adsorption and desorption followed by GC analysis

BaP Based on BIS method IS 5182 (Part 12):2004 and USEPA method (TO- 13). Collect particulate phase BaP in ambient air to determine BaP using capillary gas chromatograph equipped with flame ionization detector. Pb, As, Ni Digestion followed by ICP analysis

Presentation of Results The summarised results of the air quality studies are given in Table 3-13 & 3-14.

3-107 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

TABLE 3-13: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DURING STUDY PERIOD

Station Name of Range/ PM 2.5 (60 PM 10 (100 NO2 (80 SO2 (80 NH3 O3 (100 CO (2 AQI 3 3 3 3 3 3 Code Station avg µg/m ) µg/m ) µg/m ) µg/m ) (400 µg/m ) mg/m ) 3 µg/m ) A1 Project Range 29.73-41.88 70.21-80.29 14.71-19.18 5.40-9.85 2.48-9.85 ND ND 76 Site 24-hr avg 35.68 75.59 16.68 7.07 6.13 ND ND

98 41.16 80.25 19.18 9.81 9.23 ND ND Percentil e A2 Manguwa Range 32.51-42.97 71.75-85.76 12.04 -15.85 6.43-11.81 3.40-8.93 ND ND 85 l 24-hr avg 37.02 79.45 14.28 8.31 6.24 ND ND

98 42.86 85.38 15.59 11.48 8.57 ND ND Percentil e A3 Aduwal Range 32.51-38.70 71.10-79.91 10.76 -15.40 5.17-9.38 4.33-8.50 ND ND 76

24-hr avg 35.58 76.10 12.88 6.86 5.94 ND ND

98 38.68 79.85 15.17 8.82 8.27 ND ND Percentil e A4 Bada Range 32.67-44.08 72.16-86.51 18.99 -28.74 13.86-20.45 3.49-8.50 ND ND 80 Basot 24-hr avg 37.13 80.40 23.71 16.71 5.47 ND ND

98 43.98 86.37 28.72 19.75 8.27 ND ND Percentil e A5 Ghogarw Range 30.78-45.88 66.02-85.58 19.81 -23.70 11.32-15.86 3.40-8.15 ND ND 76 al 24-hr avg 37.17 75.69 21.68 13.87 5.24 ND ND

3-108 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

98 45.56 84.86 23.69 15.78 7.66 ND ND Percentil e A6 Ratyor Range 24.02- 45.28 61.28-89.66 17.40 -24.24 10.19-19.88 3.40-8.50 ND ND 77

24-hr avg 35.81 76.71 21.03 14.62 5.28 ND ND

98 45.15 89.04 23.96 19.46 8.34 ND ND Percentil e A7 Ghanauli Range 20.61-35.81 64.99-84.80 18.16-22.76 5.94-10.20 3.49-8.01 ND ND 79

24-hr avg 28.04 78.50 19.87 7.37 5.78 ND ND

98 35.03 84.39 22.14 9.79 8.01 ND ND Percentil e A8 Bharatgh Range 22.74-39.28 70.81-79.90 17.00-22.19 10.07-19.45 3.40-8.15 ND ND 76 ar 24-hr avg 30.09 76.03 19.73 14.65 5.13 ND ND

98 39.16 79.87 22.09 19.23 8.15 ND ND Percentil e A9 Panjaira Range 22.74-29.88 68.95-79.97 16.21-21.03 6.11-9.31 3.49-6.64 ND ND 76

24-hr avg 27.08 75.92 18.68 7.67 5.12 ND ND

98 29.80 79.94 20.81 9.26 6.48 ND ND Percentil e

3-109 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

TABLE 3-14: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY AT MONITORING SITE DURING STUDY PERIOD S.No. Location Benzene BaP Lead Arsenic Nickel ug/m3 (Particulate (Pb)ug/m3 ng/m3 (Ni) Phase) ng/m3 ng/m3

1 A1 ND ND ND ND ND 2 A2 ND ND ND ND ND 3 A3 ND ND ND ND ND 4 A4 ND ND ND ND ND 5 A5 ND ND ND ND ND 6 A6 ND ND ND ND ND 7 A7 ND ND ND ND ND

8 A8 ND ND ND ND ND

9 A9 ND ND ND ND ND Benzene DL= 0.2 ug/m3; BaP DL=0.002 ng/ m3; Lead DL= 0.4 ug/m3; Arsenic DL= 2 ng/m3 Nickel DL=10 ng/m3; HC DL= 1pmm VOC=0.1 ppm

Legend for AQI Good Poor Breathing discomfort to people on Minimal Impact (0–50) (201–300) prolonged exposure

Satisfactory Minor breathing discomfort Very Poor Respiratory illness to the people (51–100) to sensitive people (301–400) on prolonged exposure Breathing discomfort to the Moderate people with lung, heart Severe Respiratory effects even on (101–200) disease, children and older (>401) healthy people adults

Interpretation of AQI From the above interpretation of AQI, the air quality in the study area during most of sampling days is satisfactory. The moderate air quality in winter season may be associated to increased coal and biofuels burning plus higher exhaust emissions from automobiles and engine sets due to cold start (Chakraborty and Gupta 2010; Tang et al 2016). Stagnant atmosphere and calm conditions in winters are conductive for the formation of particulate aerosols (Bressi et al 2013; Zhao et al 2012).

3-110 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

TABLE 3-15 SUMMARIZED MAXIMUM VALUE OF ALL AMBIENT AIR PARAMETERS S. No POLLUTANTS STANDARD LAID DOWN BY MAX. VALUE CPCB (18/11/2009) MONITORED INDUSTRIAL, RESIDENTIAL, IN STUDY RURAL AND OTHER AREA AREA

1. PM10 µg/m3 100 (24-hours) 89.66

2. PM2.5 µg/m3 60 (24-hours) 45.88

3. SO2 µg/m3 80 (24-hours) 20.45

4. NOX µg/m3 80 (24-hours) 28.74 5. CO mg/m3 2 (8-Hours) ND

6. O3 µg/m3 100 (8-Hours) ND

7. NH3 µg/m3 400 (24-hours) 9.85

8. C6H6 µg/m3 (5) (Annual) ND 9. BaP (particulate phase only 1 (Annual) ND g/m3) 10. Pb µg/m3 1 (24-hours) ND 11. As ng/m3 6 (Annual) ND 12. Ni ng/m3 20 (Annual) ND

From the above table, it can be concluded that the maximum value of ambient air quality monitored during monitoring season in the study area does not exceed the limit laid down by CPCB for all the parameters.

PM10: The maximum and minimum concentrations for PM10 were recorded as 89.66 µg/m3 and 61.28 µg/m3 respectively. The maximum concentration was recorded at village Ratyor and the minimum concentration was recorded at Ratyor. The average concentration ranged between 75.59 and 80.40 µg/m3

PM2.5: The maximum and minimum concentrations for PM2.5 were recorded as 45.88 µg/m3 and 20.61 µg/m3 respectively. The maximum concentration was recorded at village Ghogarwal and the minimum concentration was recorded at Ghanauli. The average concentrations ranged between 27.08 and 37.17 µg/m3

SO2: The maximum and minimum SO2 concentrations were recorded as 20.45 µg/m3 and 5.17 µg/m3. The maximum concentration was recorded at village Bada Basot and the minimum concentration was recorded at village Aduwal. The average values were observed to be 6.86 µg/m3 to 16.71 µg/m3.

NOx: The maximum and minimum NOx concentrations were recorded as 28.74 µg/m3 and 10.76 µg/m3. The maximum concentration was recorded at village Bada Basot and the

3-111 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

minimum concentration was recorded at Aduwal. The average values were observed to be in the range between 12.88 and 23.71 µg/m3

The concentration of CO, O3, NH3 C6H6, BaP, Pb, As, Ni observed at all the location, Below Detectable Limit (BDL)of each parameter.

The National Ambient Air Quality Standards as notified on dated 18th November 2009, for industrial as well as residential & a rural area are given in Table 3-16. Results of monitoring are compared with the standards in Table 3-15.

3.9 NOISE ENVIRONMENT As part of EIA study for the proposed project, Noise study was conducted by measurement the existing noise levels at various places around the site. The noise assessment was carried out with respect to the existing as well as the predicted noise that may come from the proposed project.

Noise level Monitoring Data Noise level readings were recorded in 6 locations spread over, in the 2-km radius centering the proposed unit. Noise levels were recorded using a digital noise level meter; the instrument was calibrated before and after each set of readings. The monitoring was carried out on 24- hourly basis and the hourly Leq. Values were derived and reported. TABLE 3-16: NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS S.NO LOCATION OF NOISE DISTANCE DIRECTION FROM SAMPLING STATIONS (KM) PROJECT SITE)

N1 Project Site - - N2 Project Site Boundary-I - - N3 Project Site Boundary-II - - N4 Majra 0.5 SSW N5 Dabhota 1 ESE N6 Ratyor 1.3 N

3-112 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

FIGURE 3-15 NOISE MONITORING LOCATION MAP

3-113 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

As can be seen from the table below, the maximum daytime Leq as well as night time Leq values were found to be 54.04 dB(A) and 43.2 dB(A). The maximum values may be attributed by project activities and vehicle movements. The minimum values for day & night time were found to be 48.4 dB(A) and 40.4 dB(A) respectively.

Noise can have impact on the worker’s health; loss of hearing, and other psychological problems.

TABLE 3-17: NOISE LEVEL MONITORING DATA [DB (A)] DURING STUDY PERIOD S.No Test Location Location Unit Results Test Method Leq Day Night Time Time 1 Ambient N1 Project Site IS: Noise dB(A) 54.04 43.2 9989:1981 Levels 1 R-2002 N2 Project Site Boundary- Hour Leq dB(A) 51.1 42.1 I N3 Project Site Boundary- dB(A) 52.07 42.4 II N4 Majra dB(A) 50.6 40.4

N5 Dabhota dB(A) 48.49 43.95 Ratyor N6 dB(A) 48.4 42.2

3.10 LEACHATE STUDY Leachate monitoring complements the groundwater and surface water monitoring programs and provides important information for landfill design and performance assessment information on leachate quality and quantity is needed to develop appropriate leachate management and disposal procedures. TABLE 3-18 LECHATE STUDY RESULTS S.No Units Results Test Method Reference

pH 9.52 APHA-4500H+-B,22nd ED2012

TSS mg/L 2 APHA2540D,22nd ED,2012

TDS mg/L 128 APHA2240C,22nd ED,2012

COD mg/L 110 APHA5220B,22nd ED,2012

BOD mg/L 28 IS:3025(P44)

3-114 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

INTERPRETATION: Ph is 9.52, TSS 2 mg/L, TDS is 128 mg/l, COD is 110, BOD is 28 mg/l.

3.11 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Biological diversity (biodiversity) refers to “the full variety of life in an area, including the ecosystem, plant and animal communities, species and genes, and the processes through which individual organisms interact with one another and with their environment”. Biodiversity occurs at many levels from the molecular to complete ecosystems and is a measure of the relative abundance of genes, species, and ecosystems Plant and animal communities are indicators of the environment. They respond not only to one environmental factor but also to an interactive group of factors. These communities influence and react sensitively to change in the balance of environmental stresses. Depletion of biodiversity is mainly due to intense anthropogenic pressure owing to “Population Explosion” mainly for expansion of agriculture, over grazing and illicit felling, shifting cultivation, development activities like irrigation, construction of hydro-electric dams, road construction including mining activities – all leading to dysgenic selection. Rational use of the resources is; therefore, quite important in the management of biodiversity, the habitat, species and gene pools prevalent in an area, because once it is lost, it becomes an uphill task to reverse the process. Therefore, a detailed knowledge of the diversity of the area helps in managing the area properly following suitable practices.

Before starting any Environmental Impact Assessment study, it is necessary to identify the baseline of relevant environmental parameters which are likely to be affected as a result of operation of the proposed project. A similar approach has been adopted for conducting the study on Biological Environment for this Project. Both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems have been studied to understand the biological environment.

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE AREA: Solan is the south-western districts of Himachal Pradesh having geographical area of 1,936 sq.km. The district lies between north latitude 30°44’53” to 31°22’01” and east longitude 76°36’10” to 77°15’14” District has inter-state boundary in the south and west with State of Haryana and Punjab respectively. The district is well connected by rail and road network. The topography of the district is mountainous with elevation ranging from 300 m. to 3000 m. from above sea level. The mountain ranges of the district lie on the outer Himalayas and are a part of Shivalik ranges. Doon valley is the most fertile tract in Nalagarh tehsil. The Saproon valley in Solan tehsil and Kunihar valley in Arki though small, are also fertile

3-115 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

STUDY PERIOD AND METHODOLOGY Detailed survey was conducted to evaluate floral and faunal composition of the study area. Primary data on floral and faunal composition was recorded during site visit and secondary data was collected from the Forest department and published relevant literature. Inventory of flora and fauna has been prepared based on collected data.

Methodology: TABLE 3-19 MODE OF DATA COLLECTION & PARAMETERS CONSIDERED DURING THE SURVEY

Aspect Data Mode of data collection Parameters monitored

Primary data Floral and Faunal By conducting field survey collection diversity

Terrestrial From authentic sources like Forests Floral and Faunal diversity and study Ecology Secondary department of Solan and available of vegetation, data collection published literatures forest type, importance etc.

Primary data Floral and Faunal By conducting field survey collection diversity

Aquatic From authentic sources like Forests Floral and Faunal diversity and study Ecology Secondary department of Solan and available of vegetation, data collection published literatures forest type, importance etc.

FORESTS COVER IN SOLAN DISTRICT 1. Northern Dry Mixed Deciduous Forest (5B/C2): This type is characterized by the presence of Anogeissus latifolia, Acacia catechu. The upper canopy is light but fairly even and

3-116 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

continuous in the climax form. The later condition is; however, rarely encountered and irregular, often broken canopy is met with.

2. Northern Dry Mixed Deciduous Forest (5B/C2): This type is characterized by the presence of Anogeissus latifolia, Acacia catechu. The upper canopy is light but fairly even and continuous in the climax form. The later condition is; however, rarely encountered and irregular, often broken canopy is met with.

3. Dry Deciduous Scrub (5/DS1): A low broken soil cover of shrubby growth, 3 to 6m high including some tree species reduced to similar conditions, usually many stemmed from the base is the common vegetation of this type. The main tree species are Acacia catechu, Butea monosperma, Lanneacoromandelicaetc, and the bushes include Nyctanthesarbortristis, Dodonaeaviscosa, Woodfordiafruticosa etc.

4. Khair-Sissu Forest (511S2): This type typically and conspicuously occurs on fresh sandy and gravelly alluvium of riverbed. Sissoo and Khair are the main species of this type and are mixed by other deciduous species in varying proportions depending on the extent of progression in the area.

5. Dry Bamboo Brake (5/E9): Only one species, Dendrocalamusstrictus occurs and forms relatively low but often dense brakes.

* Source: “ATLAS FOREST TYPES OF INDIA” by FSI-MoEF, GoI as per Champion and Seth (1968)

The following Protected forests (PF’s) are covering under the buffer zone of 10km of the study area.

TABLE 3-20 SHOWING TYPE OF FORESTS IN THE 10KM BUFFER AREA

Sr.No. Name & type of Forest Direction Distance in km

1 Hatra PF NE 2.4

2 ChikniPalasra PF ESE 9.2

3-117 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

3 Khol Nalagarh PF SE 9.8

4 RakhPalasi PF SE 4.24

5 Bir Palasi PF South 5.15

FLORA OF THE CORE & BUFFER AREA A detailed biological study of the study area i.e. 10 km radius of the proposed project has been carried out to identify the composition of flora and fauna. A study was carried out for assessment of vegetation for density, diversity, frequency and relative abundance. For fauna, random sites were selected for faunal identification. For both the parameters, data from district forest department was obtained. The plantation in the study area mostly consists of some ornamental species and avenue and fruit trees. The important species of plants found in the area: -

(A) Flora The altitudinal difference as well as aspect and biotic influences has caused diversity in vegetation type in the buffer zone. The climate difference in the tract, which are tropical in lower elevation and subtropical at higher elevation, result in development of different types of forests. In the East of the project area bamboo forest and in the southern side Babul forest dominates.

The common tree species found in the area are Neem, Shisham, peepal, ber, babul. Amongst shrubs Curry patta wild berry are common. Weeds like Lantana and Parthenium hysterophorus (Congress grass) are extensively spread.

The plantation in the study area mostly consists of some ornament’s species and avenue and fruit trees. The important species of plants found in the area: -

TABLE 3-21 FLORA FOUND IN CORE & BUFFER AREA

Botanical Name Common Core zone Buffer zone Name (Project site) (10 km radius) 1. Anogeissus latifolia Chhal √ 2. Bombax ceiba Semal √ 3. Lanneagrandis Jhingan √

3-118 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Botanical Name Common Core zone Buffer zone Name (Project site) (10 km radius) 4. Dalbergia sissoo Shisham √ √ 5. Azadirachtaindica Neem √ √ 6. Mangifera Indica Mango √ √ 7. Eucalyptus tereticornis Eucalyptus √ 8. Ficusreligiosa Pipal √ 9. Ficusbengalensis Bar √ 10. Acacia arabica Kiker (Babul) √ √ 11. Zizyphusnummularia jharber √ 12. Quercus leucotrichophora Ban Oak √ 13. Acacia catechu Khair √ 14. Albizialebbeck Siris √ 15. Kydiacalycina Pula/Bargana √ 16. Mitragynaparviflora Kaimb √ 17. Flacourtiaindica Kangu √ 18. Syzygiumcumini Jamun √ √ 19. Caseariatomentosa Chilla √ 20. Emblica officinalis Amla √ √ 21. Bauhinia variegata Kachnar √ √ 22. Mallotus philippinesis Kambel √ 23. Butea monosperma Oak √ √ 24. Nyctanthesarbortristis Harsingar √ √ 25. Carissa spinarum Karaunda √ √ 26. Woodfordia fruticosa Dhavi √ √ 27. Indigofera pulchella Kathi √ √ 28. Murraya koenigii Ghandhela/Curry √ √ leave 29. Adhatoda vasica Basuti √ √ 30. Holarrhena antidysenterica Keor √ √ 31. Parthenium hysterophorus Gajarghas √ √

3-119 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Botanical Name Common Core zone Buffer zone Name (Project site) (10 km radius) 32. Lantana camara weed √ √ 33. Eulaliopsis binata Bhabar √ √ 34. Heteropogon contortus Mokora √ √ 35. Cynodon dactylon Dub √ √ 36. Chrysopogon montanus Dhaulu √ √ 37. Cymbopogon Labb √ √ 38. Erianthus munja Munj √ √ 39. Pueraria tuberosa Sarali √ √ 40. Caesalpinia sepiaria Karingham √ 41. Clematis gouriana Bel kangu √ 42. Cryptolepis buchanani Dhudi √ 43. Cassia fistula Amaltash √ 44. Pyrus pashia Wild pear √ 45. Euphorbia royleana Thor/ cactus √ 46. Aegle marmelos Bael √ 47. Lannea corromandelica √ 48. Dodonaea viscosa Mandhar √ 49. Woodfordia fruticosa √ √ 50. Andropogon contortus √ 51. Ischaemum augustifolium √ √ 52. Aegle marmelos Bel √ √ 53. Mallotus phillippinensis Kamal √ √ 54. Punica granatum Daru √ √ 55. Rubus ellipticus Adha √ √ 56. Myrsinea fricana Chhotajhunjra √ √ 57. Indigofera pulchella Kathi √ √ 58. Chrysopogon fulvus grass √ √ 59. Dichanthium annulatum grass √ 60. Themeda anathera grass √

3-120 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Botanical Name Common Core zone Buffer zone Name (Project site) (10 km radius) 61. Rosa moschata Gulab √ √ 62. Ficus roxburghii Fig √ 63. Lyonia ovalifolia Oval Leaved √ Lyonia 64. Coriaria nepalensis Masuri, Makola √

It is marked that in some patches are clad with dense forest. The following crops are grown in the plain area:

Botanical Name Common Name Triticum aestivum Wheat Oryza sativa Paddy Brassica campestris Mustard Zea mays Corn The vegetables grown in the terraces are

BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitate Cauliflower Solanum melongena Brinjal Capsicum annuum Chilli Lucopersicum esculentum Tomato Spinacia oleracea Spinach Solanum tuberosum Potato Zingber officinale Ginger Fruits Malus domesticus Apple Prunus dulcis Almond Manilkara zapota Chikoo

STATUS OF FAUNA

3-121 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Due to rich forest cover, many faunas are expected to be found in this area. The wildlives present in the study area are mainly monkey, Langoor, Jackal, Rabbits, Deer, Fox, etc. Among domestic animals: Cow, Buffaloes, Mules, Hen, Dogs, Goats, Oxen, Cats are common. Due to rich forest cover in the buffer zone many faunas are expected to be found in this area and are listed in table 5

Wild Animals: Considerably more common in the norther side of the study area, owing to presence of hills and forests. The present study area is comprising of villages agricultural fields and small khads, which restricts natural movements of wild animals.

Presently: Newla (mongoose), wild dogs, fox, wild cats, Lakarbaghha (Hyaena hyaena), monkey, langur and Khargosh (Lepus nigricollis) are reported from the area

Wild Birds: The resident birds include peafowl; black and grey partridge. The birds of the southern study area are Bater, Lawa, lamurgi, kala tittar, dhaner and harial. Also, are ullu or owl, koel or cuckoo, cheel or kite, jungle kawwa or crow, tota or parrot, nilkanth.

Snakes: In the study area, snakes such as Cobra, Krait and Viper. The Table below gives prevailing common fauna in the study area.

TABLE 3-22 FAUNA FOUND IN STUDY AREA

S.No. Zoological Name Common Name IUCN List WPA 1972

Mammals 1. Macaca mulatta Rhesus Monkey LC II 2. Felischaus Jungle cat LC II 3. Herpestesedwardsii Mongoose LC II 4. Rusa unicolor Sambar VU III 5. Vulpes bengalensis Fox LC II 6. Hyaena hyaena Hyaena NT III 7. Presbytis entellus Langur II 8. Muntiacus muntjak Barking deer LC III 9. Boselaphus tragocamelus Neelgai LC III 10. Lepus nigricollis Rabbit LC IV 11. Selenarctos thibetanus Bear LC II

3-122 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

S.No. Zoological Name Common Name IUCN List WPA 1972

12. Canis aureus Jackal LC II Reptiles 13. Naja naja Cobra II 14. Viper russelli Viper II 15. Bungarus caeruleus Krait IV Aves 16. Saxicoloides fulicata Indian Robin LC IV 17. Cuculus micropterus Common LC IV Hawkcucker 18. Passer domesticus House Sparrow LC IV 19. Corvus splendens House Crow LC V 20. Acridothere stristis Common Myna LC IV 21. Strigidae spp. Owl IV 22. Eudynamys scolopacea Koel LC IV 23. Psittacula krameri Parrot LC IV

24. Pavo cristatus Peacock LC I *LC Least concern, VU Vulnerable & NT Not threaten

In addition to this snake. Lizards, monkeys, wild pigs. Neelgai are seen in the area. In core zone Lizards and snakes are found. A Conservation plan is prepared for Scheduled-I (Indian Peafowl) species and submitted to forest department. The copy of same is attached as Annexure- XIV.

Conclusion: After site visit and survey around the 10 km buffer zone of the Shivalik TSDF site, it is observed that there is no forest land exists within the buffer zone, most of the area is under agriculture, and therefore, the study area did not record presence of any endangered/threatened/endemic flora and fauna species. No wildlife/bird sanctuaries/national parks/ biospheres located within the 10-km study area from the proposed project. Indian Peafowl, a schedule-I species observed in the buffer zone of the area and accordingly Conservation Plan has been prepared and is attached with this EIA report as mentioned in the above paragraph

3-123 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

There are about 24 species of faunal species recorded from field studies among them 9 number of aves, 12 number mamals and 3 number reptiles are recorder from the site visits and from the secondary literatures. Vast anthropogenic activities around the agricultural field acts as a natural barrier for the existing wildlife to cross over to the proposed project site. Therefore, it can be concluded this project will not cause disturb to any wildlife for roosting, foraging and nesting.

3.12 SOCIO- ECONOMIC

Introduction: Social Impact Assessment is a major pre-requisite to begin any new project. For every new and expansion project socioeconomic impact assessment is mandatory. The assessment is made through a socio-economic survey and secondary data analysis. The outcome of the study relies on both quantitative and qualitative measure of impacts. The impacts are evaluated in terms of changes in community demographics, housing, employment, wage income, market effects, public services, retail business, quality of life and artistic qualities of the community. Qualitative assessment of community perceptions about development is an important measure of development impacts. Assessing proposed developments in socio- economic context help the community leaders and local people identify potential social equity issues, evaluate the adequacy of social services and determine whether the project has adverse effects on overall social well-being or not. Industrial Area This town is known for its Industrial areas. These industrial areas are located at (Baddi, Barotiwala, Nalagarh, and Jharmajri). The Baddi Barotiwala Nalagarh Development Authority aims to create spatial planning, to take up various development activities.

Baddi has an office of the BBNIA (Baddi, Barotiwala Nalagarh Industrial Association) which have all essential facilities. It is an apex body which take care interest of the industries; represent any issue & matter with the state Govt. & other agencies. A total number of 5677 Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises have been set up in the district. Total numbers of 106 large scale units have been functioning in the district. After the implementation of Special Industrial Package of incentives, many large & medium scale industries have come up in the district which is most developed district of Himachal Pradesh. Most of these enterprises have been set up in the bordered area like Baddi, Brotiwala, Nalagarh & Parwanoo of the district., producing products such as Mechanical, Pharmaceuticals, Eectrical & Electronics, Chemicals, Leather, Steel, Textile Industries to attract large number of industries all over from India.

3-124 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

General information about the project site: - Capacity Enhancement of existing Secured Landfill at Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities (TSDF) at Khasra Nos. 1244, 1437, 1438 and 1510 of Revenue Village Majra, Post Office Dabhota, Tehsil Nalagarh, Distt. Solan, Himachal Pradesh-174101. Proposed by M/s Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd. The capacity enhancement of existing secured Landfill facility (SLF) from 10 Lakh MT to 20 Lacs MT at existing Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities (TSDF). Interstate boundary of Himachal Pradesh with Punjab state falls within 4.8 km radius from the proposed site. The Nalagarh is on the northern side of site about 8 Km away.

Rupnagar, Baddi, Kurali, Nalagarh are the nearby Cities to Majra. This Place is in the border of the Solan District and Rupnagar District. Rupnagar District Rupnagar is South towards this place. It is near to the Punjab State Border.

Nalagarh has facility of many Schools, Colleges, Petrol pumps, Hospitals, Temples, Hotels, ATMs, Bus stops etc. Study Area The study area consists of the core area and the buffer zone. The core area is where the project is expected to come up and a buffer area encircling the project area with a radius of 10 kilometers from the periphery of the project site. Nalagarh is a town and a Municipal Council (MCl) in the Solan district of the state of Himachal Pradesh, India. The city is located 12.5 kilometers from Nalagarh. The facility is in an industrial zone developed by Baddi, Barotiwala, Nalagarh Industrial Association (BBNIA). Longitude and Latitude of the site are given below: -

The site is located at about 31°04'36.99"N North Latitude and 76°38'04.08"E East Longitude. Punjabi and Hindi are the Local Languages here. Methodology The socioeconomics profile has been studied through random sample primary surveys and secondary data. Proper care and wattage be given to the local people in employment and providing other amenities. Namely data was collected from local villages. Accordingly; both qualitative and quantitative data was analyzed from secondary sources. Primary Census Abstract 2011 is the main source of secondary data. Collection and evaluation of baseline data for various socio-economic parameters in and around the proposed sites has been done (within 10 km radius of the study area from the lease boundary). Village, within the study

3-125 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

area are being identified from survey of India Toposheet Based on a preliminary reconnaissance survey, a questionnaire was developed to make it suitable to fulfill the objectives of the study. The data collected during the above survey was analyzed to evaluate the prevailing socio-economic profile of the area. Baseline Data Total 54 villages are found in the radius of 10 km from project site as per toposheet. These fifty-four villages fall in two states Himachal Pradesh & Punjab. Basically, project located in Himachal Pradesh & it makes interstate boundary with Punjab with the periphery of 10 km from the project site. In these 54 villages 36 villages are from Himachal Pradesh and 18 villages from Punjab state. According to the 2011 census data population of district Solan Himachal Pradesh in 54 villages/Census Town are 41171. Total households are 8019. The male population is 21627 and female population is 19544.

Most of the people depend on agriculture. But due to industrial belt the occupational pattern of the people in the area change with making more people engaged in industrial and business activities ensuring further shifting of population from agriculture to industry.

The study area is falling under the 10 Km buffer zone of Solan, Tehsil Nalagarh and as well as of Rupnagar District Tehsil Rupnagar. So, the details of both districts are presented below.

3-126 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Table 3-23 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA WITHIN 10 KM RADIUS FROM THE PROJECT SITE Tehsils Sr. Name of Household Total Population Schedule Schedule Literacy No. Villages Person Male Female Children Caste Tribe Nalagarh 1 Bagheri 193 1074 576 498 130 197 65 736

2 Jagatpur 86 458 234 224 55 92 0 335

3 Basowal Agri 20 116 62 54 6 0 10 87

4 Kashmirpur 74 395 198 197 47 135 167 281 Gujra

5 Kashmirpur 40 190 106 84 23 56 0 145 Brahmna

6 Baruna 151 815 426 389 83 67 226 596

7 Gharoti 106 552 273 279 58 47 149 416

8 Phalahi 52 249 134 115 29 79 0 174

9 Malwalan 15 86 44 42 14 35 11 47 Nihli

10 Jhajra 86 484 251 233 71 93 0 293

11 Malpur 42 232 132 100 30 52 90 144

12 Kaulanwala 150 803 430 373 90 262 316 599

13 Panjehra 207 1035 536 499 137 56 315 759

14 Palli 120 668 333 335 86 363 0 479

15 Ratyor 352 1773 917 856 228 217 51 1299

3-127 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

16 Bhanglan 210 1040 547 493 133 232 54 752

17 Dolowal 68 368 191 177 49 10 52 250

18 Aduwal 214 1117 572 545 149 420 199 685 Jandori

19 Dol 32 162 82 80 21 1 0 107

20 Bhatoli 63 328 171 157 47 18 93 218

21 Reru Jhiri 250 1207 655 552 168 380 133 815 Wala

22 Dhundli Gopi 8 71 34 37 11 0 24 51

23 Dabhota 488 2448 1258 1190 316 384 34 1531

24 Majra 257 1368 710 658 181 608 6 816

25 Bara Basot 123 668 359 309 88 127 187 414

26 Rampur 52 299 156 143 44 88 0 200

27 Palasi 36 208 104 104 28 0 208 126 Mangta

28 Dhana 116 619 308 311 84 7 605 383

29 Bhatian 472 2320 1303 1017 279 255 604 1565

30 Manguwal 32 149 79 70 24 37 0 105

31 Dhang Uperli 178 941 492 449 114 148 0 678

32 Sanerh 258 1371 726 645 202 214 158 928

3-128 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

33 Nangal Nihla 161 762 435 327 95 237 69 533

34 Nangal 162 881 449 432 153 386 232 555 Uperla

35 Barsen 107 556 313 243 95 163 0 333

36 Teliwala 22 117 71 46 12 109 0 84

37 Majholi 125 623 334 289 70 325 8 475

38 Jhiran 69 408 217 191 75 233 135 240

39 Ghogarwal 31 199 110 89 25 67 0 141

40 Chak 214 978 524 454 129 169 29 723

5442 28138 14852 13286 3679 6369 4230 19098 Total Villages = 40

Total 40 villages are found in the radius of 10 km from project site as per toposheet. According to the 2011 census data population of district Solan Himachal Pradesh in 40 villages/Census Town are 28138. Total households are 5442. The male population is 14852 and female population is13286.

3-129 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

TABLE 3-24 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA WITHIN 10 KM RADIUS FROM THE PROJECT SITE (H.P REGION) Sr. Name of Househo Total Population Schedu Schedu Litera Total Main Margin Non No. Villages ld le le Tribe cy Worke Worke al worke Perso Male Femal Childre Caste rs rs Worker rs n e n s 1 Bagheri 193 1074 576 498 130 197 65 736 545 408 137 529

2 Jagatpur 86 458 234 224 55 92 0 335 222 140 82 236

3 Basowal 20 116 62 54 6 0 10 87 59 53 6 57 Agri 4 Kashmirpu 74 395 198 197 47 135 167 281 247 210 37 148 r Gujra 5 Kashmirpu 40 190 106 84 23 56 0 145 109 85 24 81 r Brahmna 6 Baruna 151 815 426 389 83 67 226 596 489 368 121 326

7 Gharoti 106 552 273 279 58 47 149 416 274 148 126 278

8 Phalahi 52 249 134 115 29 79 0 174 117 117 0 132

9 Malwalan 15 86 44 42 14 35 11 47 27 27 0 59 Nihli 10 Jhajra 86 484 251 233 71 93 0 293 213 198 15 271

11 Malpur 42 232 132 100 30 52 90 144 75 73 2 157

12 Kaulanwala 150 803 430 373 90 262 316 599 414 365 49 389

13 Panjehra 207 1035 536 499 137 56 315 759 275 217 58 760

14 Palli 120 668 333 335 86 363 0 479 329 132 197 339

15 Ratyor 352 1773 917 856 228 217 51 1299 862 219 643 911

16 Bhanglan 210 1040 547 493 133 232 54 752 650 640 10 390

3-130 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

17 Dolowal 68 368 191 177 49 10 52 250 123 119 4 245

18 Aduwal 214 1117 572 545 149 420 199 685 642 328 314 475 Jandori 19 Dol 32 162 82 80 21 1 0 107 76 36 40 86

20 Bhatoli 63 328 171 157 47 18 93 218 227 224 3 101

21 Reru Jhiri 250 1207 655 552 168 380 133 815 593 575 18 614 Wala 22 Dhundli 8 71 34 37 11 0 24 51 34 27 7 37 Gopi 23 Dabhota 488 2448 1258 1190 316 384 34 1531 1216 1106 110 1232

24 Majra 257 1368 710 658 181 608 6 816 650 577 73 718

25 Bara Basot 123 668 359 309 88 127 187 414 354 124 230 314

26 Rampur 52 299 156 143 44 88 0 200 113 113 0 186

27 Palasi 36 208 104 104 28 0 208 126 68 53 15 140 Mangta 28 Dhana 116 619 308 311 84 7 605 383 470 255 215 149

29 Bhatian 472 2320 1303 1017 279 255 604 1565 1361 1183 178 959

30 Dhang 178 941 492 449 114 148 0 678 314 311 3 627 Uperli 31 Sanerh 258 1371 726 645 202 214 158 928 602 509 93 769

32 Barsen 107 556 313 243 95 163 0 333 304 258 46 252

33 Teliwala 22 117 71 46 12 109 0 84 49 26 23 68

34 Majholi 125 623 334 289 70 325 8 475 206 196 10 417

35 Jhiran 69 408 217 191 75 233 135 240 112 111 1 296

36 Ghogarwal 31 199 110 89 25 67 0 141 124 123 1 75

3-131 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Total Villages = 4873 2536 1336 1200 3278 5540 3900 17182 12545 9654 2891 12823 36 8 5 3

Demographic details of the Study area A demographic detail of the study area within 10 km is given in Table No: 3.2 Total 36 villages are in the 10 km radius from the project site in Himachal state. Total household of the study area is 4873. Total population is 25368. The male population is 13365 and female population is 12003. The sex ratio of the study area is 898 which are lower than that of State figure (972). Because of area being highly industrilised and male population has increased due to migration from other aeas. Population below six years is 3278. Literacy rate of the study area is 17182. Schedule castes and schedule tribe’s population in villages of the study area is 5540 and 3900, respectively. There is a good no of schedule tribes in the study area.

TABLE 3-25 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA WITHIN 10 KM RADIUS FROM THE PROJECT SITE (PUNJAB REGION)

Census table of the project M/s Shivalic Solid Waste Management

Sr. Name of No_H TOT TOT_ TOT P_0 P_S P_S P_LI TOT_WOR MAINWOR MARGWOR NON_WOR N the H _P M _F 6 C T T K_P K_P K_P K_P villages

1 Bara Pind 515 2563 1330 1233 294 622 0 1827 831 676 155 1732

2 Kakrala 88 461 236 225 63 141 0 332 123 35 88 338

3 Bharatgar 587 2732 1408 1324 266 890 0 2161 784 749 35 1948 h 4 Kharota 53 350 190 160 45 186 0 233 101 76 25 249

5 Kimatpur 16 98 49 49 12 0 0 66 30 28 2 68

3-132 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

6 Naggal 196 1067 560 507 152 336 0 575 546 387 159 521

7 Manguwal 62 371 195 176 57 135 0 232 129 105 24 242

8 Asspur 110 589 322 267 55 27 0 461 216 150 66 373

9 Awankot 217 1149 595 554 129 497 0 846 368 230 138 781

10 Mado 40 166 84 82 11 87 0 129 38 38 0 128 Majra 11 Doburji 208 1096 571 525 142 345 0 745 303 281 22 793

12 Inderpura 31 186 100 86 16 0 0 141 51 50 1 135

13 Ghanaula 299 1619 839 780 184 745 0 1148 501 360 141 1118

14 Shaho 77 365 174 191 39 0 0 295 101 44 57 264 Majra 15 Chhoti 87 394 207 187 66 333 0 209 119 101 18 275 Makori 16 Bari 88 418 223 195 50 192 0 319 267 238 29 151 Makori 17 Thali 330 1483 810 673 161 162 0 1104 445 368 77 1038

18 Tajpur 142 696 369 327 55 145 0 552 201 182 19 495

Total Villages = 3146 1580 8262 754 179 484 0 113 5154 4098 1056 10649 18 3 1 7 3 75

3-133 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

A demographic detail of the study area within 10 km is given in Table No: 3.3 Total 18 villages are in the 10 km radius from the project site in Punjab state. Total household of the study area is 3146. Total population is15803. The male population is 8262 and female population is 7541. The sex ratio of the study area is 912 which are lower than that of State figure (972). Population below six years is 1797. Literacy rate of the study area is 11375. Schedule castes population in villages is 4843. But in Punjab region of the study area there is no schedule tribes found. Table no. 3.4 presents the demographic profile of the 54 villages located within 10 km radius of the project area in district Solan Himachal Pradesh. All these villages are falling within two states Himachal from district Solan, Tehsil Nalagarh and Punjab state from district Rupnagar, Tehsil Rupnagar. The total Household in both region Himachal & Punjab within 10 km periphery from project site is 8019 and the total population is 41171. The male population is 52.52% and female population is 47.47%. Sex ratio of the study area both (H.P and Punjab region) is 904 and it is comparatively low in overall state figure because of migration of male labour idue to industrial activity. Literacy rate is around 69.36% which is considerably lower than the overall state figure that is 83.78%. The SC population is 25%. The ST community that is 9.47%. ST population found only in Himachal region not in Punjab. Total working population is concerned 43%. Populations considered as main worker are 33.4% and Non workers are 57% whereas marginal worker considered 9.59 % within study area. Social Composition From the baseline data it is found that most of the population in these villages follows the Hindu religion with a small portion of Sikh. There are also a very small number of Muslim communities. Hindi is the most widely spoken language. Local person also speaks Punjabi with other dialects. Small communities of Himachali’s speak Pahari. The main Community according to castes are Dhiman Labana, Chandel, Chaudhary, and Gujjar.

3-134 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

TABLE 3-26 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE 54 VILLAGES OF THE STUDY AREA WITH THE PERIPHERY OF 10 KM

Number of the Villages Total Household Total Population Male Female Population below yrs6 SC Population ST population of No literate Total Main Worker Marginal Worker Non worker

worker

54 villages 8019 41171 21627 19544 5075 10383 3900 28557 17699 13752 3947 23472

Source: Census 2011 Culture It was the princely state, founded in medieval period as the state of Hindur, in the Indian subcontinent. The Solan district is known as Gateway to Himachal Pradesh as the national Highway no. 22 passes through this district. It found by study that Himachali as well as Pujabi mixed culture was there because before 1966 Nalagarh was a part of Punjab. With effect from 1 November 1966, there was yet another reorganisation, this time on linguistic lines, when the state of Punjab as constituted in 1956 was divided into three: the mostly Hindi-speaking part became the present-day Indian state of Haryana and the mostly Punjabi-speaking part became the present-day Punjab, while a new union territory (Chandigarh) was also created, to serve as a capital to both states. At the same time, some parts of the former territory of Patiala and East Punjab States Union, including Solan and Nalagarh, were transferred into the state of Himachal Pradesh. So, there are people both from Punjab and Himachal Pradesh along with migrants from the nearby states like Haryana, Chandigarh. There is a combination of urban and rural culture. The essence of Chandigarh and Solan come together.

Employment The project would be promoting employment and ancillary business opportunities and improving the living standards of local population. Most of the population in this region is engaged in Agricultural activities as well as industrial activities. There are around 80 persons already employed in Existing

3-135 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

plant. Employment shall be given as per requirement. The common source of employment generation in this area is transportation and as industrial workers. Road, Rail and Air Connectivity Nalagarh is well connected with Road and railway. The Nearest Railway Station: - Ghanauli Railway Station is around (14 KM) arial distance from project site. The Nearest Airport: - Chandigarh, which is located at the distance of about 42 km from project site. The Nearest Highways: - National Highway –NH-205 around 4.5 km arial distance and State Highway – SH-12 around 0.77 km in arial distance from the project site. Ultimately, we can say that the study area is well connected with road, Rail and Air ways.

Basic Amenities • Educational The project is located at village Majra in tehsil Nalagarh district Solan Himachal Pradesh. The nearest schools form the project site are Govt. Middle School Majra around 1 km, Govt. Sen. Sec. School Dabhota around 1.12 km, Govt. School Dabhota is around 1.07 km, and SKS Public School Dhana is around 2.9 km in arial distance. The site is approximately 12.5 km from the Nalagarh town which has facility of all levels of schools and colleges. • Medical Nalagarh have facilities of Nursing Home, Charitable Hospital, and Civil Hospital besides many private clinics which are about 12.5 km from the project site village Majra. • Electricity Electricity is available in all villages of study area. • Housing and Drinking water A major part of the houses in the study area has pucca houses, all villages in the study area have water supply for domestic purposes. The sources of water supply in most of the villages are through pipeline however people have preference for ground water. The water source in these areas is through the municipal connection and private bore wells. • Transport The general mode of transportation is by road. Private vehicles like rented Cars, Taxis and services share a major responsibility of the transport in the study area. Numbers of buses, private and state Government operated public transport like Himachal Road Transport

3-136 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Corporation (HRTC) is operating on roads. The existing local transport facility appears to be enough. • Post and Telegraph The Post office facility, telegraph office and telephone office and telephone, FAX, STD, ISD etc. is in nearest villages. The study area is connected through mobile network. The Nalagarh town with all modern facility is at distance of 12.5 Km. District Headquarter Solan is about 50 Km from project site.

Place of Historical or Archaeological Interest No place of Historical or Archaeological importance exists near the proposed project area. But the town of Nalagarh has also historical significance as the far famed Nalagarh fort is in the vicinity. It is very famous site in Nalagarh. It was the Rajput princely state, founded in medieval period as the state of Hindur. Nalagarh has few historical buildings. It still has a palace/fort which is now converted into the heritage resort. Its building is maintained in original form. Fort Nalagarh surrounded by endless acres of greenery, with all modern amenities is an ideal retreat away from the madding crowd of metropolitan cities. Nalagarh was ruled by the Chandela Rajputs, who originated from Chanderi in the Bundelkhand region of central India. Various other Rajputs then inhabited this place including Thakurs, Tomara, Rathore, Parmar, Pawar, Panwar, Chauhan. In the early twentieth century, Nalagarh State was one of the Simla hill states, under the government of the Punjab. The country was overrun by the Gurkhas for some years before 1815, when they were driven out by the British, and the raja was confirmed in possession of the territory. At present Nalagarh is an emerging town for industries as it hosts production units for leather, steel, chemicals, thread mills and breweries and much more.

Prominent Industries in Nalagarh & Baddi Famous industry like TVS has their industrial units in Nalagarh. It is the third largest motorcycle company in India. Nalagarh is a part of Baddi Barotiwala Nalagarh Industrial Association (BBNIA). Baddi is about 20 km in arial distance from Dabhota Nalagarh. Baddi & Nalagarh are home to multiple pharmaceutical companies which have established manufacturing plants and R&D hubs in the town. The town is Asia's biggest Pharmaceuticals hub and is home to some of the largest pharmaceutical companies such as Cipla, Panacea Biotech, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, Cadila Healthcare, Abbott Laboratories, Ranbaxy Laboratories, Ankur Drugs, Abbot Laboratories, Wockhardt Ltd., Torrent Pharmaceutical Ltd. Other than Pharma. Colgate Palmolive Co., Loreal

3-137 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

India Pvt. Ltd., Auro textiles (Vardhman), Godrej Consumer Product Ltd, John & John Ltd, Cadbury India Ltd., Hindustan Uniliver Ltd., Indo Farm Equipment Ltd.etc. Following are the famous industries in Nalagarh. • TVS Motor • Ranbaxy Laboratories • Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Auro textiles (Vardhman) • Cipla • Torrent Pharmaceutical Ltd. • Auro textiles (Vardhman) • Colgate Palmolive Co. • Indo Farm Equipment Ltd. • Hindustan Uniliver Ltd. • Loreal India Pvt. Ltd. • Cadbury India Ltd.

These are the famous industries in Baddi-Nalagarh Industrial areas. Baddi Barotiwal and Nalagarh are the houses of factories belonging to leading Pharmaceuticals, leather, Steel, Chemical Plant, Textile companies, FMCG and among others which generate an annual turnover of Rs 60,000 crore.

Impact Assessment & Conclusion: The project activity together with inflow of capital, immigration and employment of local inhabitants has shown positive impact on the overall social and economic condition of the people of the area. The project has provided a direct job opportunity to the local persons as both technical and non- technical workers. Literacy has further increased because of better income and awareness amongst the people. The project has provided direct employment opportunity to local people. Indirect employment is being generated in trade and other ancillary services. Employment in these sectors is both permanent and temporary or contractual and involvement of unskilled labour. A major part of this labour force is mainly from local villagers who are expected to engage themselves both in agriculture and project activities. This enhances their income and lead to overall economic growth of the area. The following socio-economic changes are expected due to project activities: • The Baddi, Barotiwala and Nalagarh are the major industrial areas in H.P. In other words, we can say this area is a hub of small, medium and some large industries.

3-138 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

• It is found that the local villages are mostly engaged in Transportation Business because of industries. The manufacturing industries produce many products for export and required raw material for manufacturing. So, it needs lots of vehicles for transportation. • Approximately 80 local people are already employed in existing landfill. • The project is having positive impact on income through multiplier effect. • It is found by the study that this area is financially sound but educationally backwads. Because the availability of employment is bigger in this area so, peoples think, there is no need to education for their survival of life. So, it needs to be improvement in educational awareness. • But due to industries the villager’s quality of life has improved. • The employment shall be in the form of skilled, semiskilled as well as unskilled workers. • The project has brought about changes in the pattern of demand from food to non-food items as enough income is being generated. • There is positive effect on livelihood of people living in this area. Incoming waste in order to treat, store, or dispose of the waste properly. Proposed expansion of the project be help in effective management of hazardous waste and also help in avoiding environmental pollution and adverse health effects due to its improper handing & disposal.

Rehabilitation & Resettlement (R&R) Action Plan Rehabilitation & Resettlement (R&R) Action Plan is not applicable to proposed project as it is in well- developed industrial area.

3-139 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 INTRODUCTION

Environmental impacts are defined as any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from project ‘s environmental aspects. The environmental aspects selected for further study should be large enough for meaningful examination and small enough to be easily understood. Environmental aspects could include activities that occur during normal, abnormal, and emergency operations. It is important to note the activity associated with the capacity enhancement of the project. ❖ No additional land is to be acquired ❖ No construction of additional building required ❖ No change in operation process Increase in Landfill Capacity due to: ❖ 25*25 m2 Additional land to be included as landfill area (within the project site, which was earlier demarcated as Incineration Area) ❖ Change in Slope of the Landfill due to change in design aspect

Therefore, the change in impact is limited to the landfill area only.However, the impact assessed for this project includes construction and operation of landfill area, handling of wastes, leachate management, transportation of waste, Drainage Plan, Landscaping/ tree plantation, impacts of MEE plant and health & safety.

The environmental baseline scenario as detailed in Chapter 3 and the proposed expansion of TSDF project described in Chapter 2, it is attempted to assess the likely impacts and its extent on various environmental parameters in this chapter. The parameters, which are relevant within the context, are as detailed below.

The likely effects are discussed on various environmental descriptors, namely: • Land use/Landcover (LU/LC • Ambient Air quality (AQ) • Noise levels vibration (NV) • Water resources • Ground Water (GW)

4-140 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

• Surface Water (SW) • Soil (S) • Ecology & Biodiversity (EB) • Socio economic (SE) • Occupational health, community Health and safety (OH/CH &S)

4.2 IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY To carry out the impact assessment of the expansion of Common Hazardous Waste Treatment storage and disposal Facility, the methodology adopted for impact assessment is such that the whole project is divided into major activities and for each activity adverse or positive impact is identified and divided into the following sections hereunder ❖ Identification of landfill activities ❖ Impact Prediction, evaluation due to these activities and its mitigation measures ❖ Impact analysis i.e. consequence/score analysis

4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF LANDFILL ACTIVITIES Applicable components of the environment on which the environmental aspects can cause an impact were identified. Environmental impacts have been identified based on an assessment of environmental aspects associated with the proposed project of Secured Landfill of TSDF. The symbol ‘─’ indicates an adverse impact, ‘+’ indicates a beneficial impact and '+/─' indicates both positive and negative and 'N' indicates not applicable. Impacts

4.3 PREDICTION/EVALUATION OF IMPACTAND ITS MITIGATION MEASURES For prediction of impact on environment due to the proposed project activities for expansion of TSDF there are several scientific techniques and methodologies which are adopted. Mathematical models are useful toolsto quantitatively describe the cause and effect relationships between sources of pollution and different components of environment. In cases where it is not possible to identify and validate a model for a situation, predictions have been arrived at based on logical reasoning / consultation / extrapolation or overlay methods.

Evaluation is an absolute term used for assessment and prediction by means of numerical expression or value. Assessment is the process of identifying and interpreting the environmental consequences of the significant actions. Prediction is a way of mapping the environmental consequences of the significant actions. Significant action depicts direct adverse changes caused

4-141 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

by the action and its effect on health of biota including flora, fauna and man, socio-economic conditions, landforms and resources, physical and cultural heritage properties and quality of biophysical surroundings. In most cases the predictions consist of indicating whether there is degradation, no change, or enhancement of environmental quality. An impact indicator is a parameter that provides a measure of the significance and magnitude of the impact and is available in the form of primary and biological water quality criteria, and national ambient standards for noise and air.

Predictions of biological environmental components are often uncertain because their response to environmental stress cannot be predicted in absolute terms. The impacts of the proposed project on the environment have been considered based on the information provided by the proponents and data collected at the site. Primary impacts are those, which are attributed directly by the project while secondary impacts are those, which are indirectly induced and typically include the associated investments and changed pattern of social and economic activities by the proposed action.

The construction and operation phase of the proposed project comprises various activities each of which have been considered to assess the impact on one or another environmental parameter.

Construction phase comprises of development of modified landfill cell mainly consist of civil works such as earth moving, leveling of land and laying of liner system. Installation and commissioning involve activities like lyingof bottomliners and pipelines etc. It involves testing of landfillliner for any type of leakages and designed capacity.

4-142 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

TABLE 4-1: IMPACT IDENTIFICATION

Potential Impact areas

S. No. Project Activities Remarks

(EB)

/ / Landcover

(NV)

Soil (S)Soil

Economic(SE)

Quality(AQ)

(LU/LC)

Air Air

Ecology&

Surface (SW) Water

Ground(GW) Water

Socio

Safety (OH Safety / CH&S)

Noiseand Vibration

Community Health &

OccupationalHealth,

Biodiversity Land useLand

1 Site Selection

Land lease (Allotted LU: No change in prevailing land use. for Common 1.1 Hazardous Waste — N N N N N N + N Land Cover will change within the Landfill Treatment Storage & designated area only. Disposal Facility.

2 Preparation of Site

4-143 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

LC: Change in land cover limited to the designated landfill site only; The soil mounds present within the landfill area will be leveled, soil will be stored and used for liner system & daily soil cover on the top of the landfill wastes.

AQ: Air emissions from cutting of mounds, storing, preparation of liner system, soil cover and movement of vehicles

Present proposal Noise and vibration: Generated from 2.1 is expansion of — — — N N — N + — vehicles, processing equipment, operation secured landfill of compactors on liner and soil cover on wastes and road laying equipment;

Soil: loose soil from the mounds stored expected to be eroded due to wind and storm water;

Socio Economy: about 80 number of Local People are employed for operation LC: Change in ofland this cover project; due to excavation restricted only to the designated landfill Occupational Health: Risk of area; occupational injuries and exposure to Excavation and paving AQ/NV: air emission and noise due 2.2 — — — N N — N + — hazardous waste of site excavation operations;

S: removal of topsoil;

SE: Temporary job creation for excavation and site preparation work; OH: 3 Construction of Common Hazardous Waste Treatment storage and disposal Facility Occupational risk due to excavation work.

4-144 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Civil works such as 3.1 N N N N N — N + N SE: creation of new economic activities. earth moving.

AQ/NV: air emission and noise due construction & operational machinery Heavy equipment set up work; S: Only if any spillage; EB: 3.2 N — — N N — — + +/— operations Terrestrial ecology because of noise and vibrations; SE: Local employment generation; OH: Hazard due to accident

Workforce S: If soak pit is not designed properly; soil 3.3 N N N N N — N + N accommodation & might be contaminated sanitation

GW: Ground water might be contaminated due to spillage of hazardous wastes & chemicals; S: Soil might be 3.4 Fuel storage N N N N — — N N — contaminated due to spillage if any; OH: Occupational risk might be occurred due to handling of material

Use of raw water for project development Existing source (Supply water from) is 3.5 N N N N N N N N N facility (construction) used and treated by suitable method operational facility

AQ/NV: Air and Noise emission due to operation of DG set; S: possibility of soil 3.6 Operation of DG set N — — N N — N N N contamination due to spillage of diesel or oil.

4-145 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

GW/S: Ground water and soil Circulating and contamination might be possible due to 3.7 N N N N — — N + N cementing leakage during circulating and cementing; SE: temporary employment generation

4 Operation and maintenance of TSDF

Transportation of AQ: Emissions due to traffic movement NQ: Wastes to facility Minor Noise & Vibration OHS: Fire & Road 4.1 N — — N N N N +/— +/— from member accidents, aesthetic and human interest; SE: industries disturbance in existing traffic pattern.

AQ: fugitive emission; S: Soil contamination Storage/Stabilization might be possible due to improper disposal 4.2 of Hazardous waste N — N N N — N N — of solid and Hazardous waste; OH/OH&S: etc Risk to community health due to spillage in surrounding area if not stored properly

AQ: Air quality might be delineated due to internal transportation of waste to Waste material respective facility OHS: temporary, 4.3 handling and in N — N N N N N N — acute, chronic health effects to the boundary transport workers involved (if not trained properly)

GW: Ground water contamination might be Storage, handling and possible; S: If disposal of wastewater not disposal of properly handled, soil contamination might 4.4 N N N N — — N N — wastewater and be possible. OH/OH&S: Risk to community Leachate health due to spillage in surrounding area if not stored/treated properly

4-146 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Accidental Release of S/SW/GW Spillage of hazardous waste shall hazardous waste lead to contamination of soil, surface and during transportation, 4.5 - + - + + + + + + ground water followed by effect on flora & handling or from fauna. Various remediation technique is used rupture of liner of for decontamination of affected area. landfill.

Due to the proposed Secured Landfill of Common Hazardous Waste Treatment Storage & Disposal Facility, after preliminary study and identification, environmental indices that are likely to be impacted are listed. Impact activities that are required to be assessed are based on subjective/objective criteria. The types of identified potential impact for the various components of the environment, i.e. air, noise, water, land and socio-economic are explained above in Table No.-4.1

4-147 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

4.4 IMPACT ON AIR ENVIRONMENT 4.4.1.1 Construction phase ❖ The activity during construction phase is limited to clearing of mounds of soil within the designated landfill site. Clearance of the mounds by excavator will lead to emission of dust leading to increase in PM10 and PM2.5 in the area.

❖ Storage of accumulated soil from the mounds will lead to emission of dust due to wind leading to increase in PM10 and PM2.5 in the area.

❖ Spreading of soil and its compaction activity at the base of the landfill will also lead to emission of dust leading to increase in PM10 and PM2.5 in the area.

❖ Fugitive emission is also expected in the form of SO2, NOx and HC from the operation of excavators, trucks and other machineries.

4.4.1.2 Operation Phase ❖ During operation stage, dust is expected to be generated from day to day covering of waste by soil leading to increase in PM10 and PM2.5 in the area

❖ Dust is also expected due to movement of vehicles (trucks bearing wastes and compactors) within the site leading to increase in PM10 and PM2.5 in the area

❖ Fugitive emission in the form of SO2, NOx and HC from the operation of, trucks and other machineries and compactors.

❖ Fugitive emissions in the form of SO2, NOx and HC are expected to be generated throughout the transportation route by the transportation vehicles.

❖ Odor is expected to be generated from the landfill site due to volatile organic chemicals contaminated wastes that are needed to be disposed off. All these emissions are expected to be concentrated within the project site, except emissions from transport vehicles carrying waste from industries to the TSDF site.

4.4.1.3 Mitigation Measures: Construction phase ❖ Sprinkle water on the mounds to reduce emission of dust during excavation of the mounds.

❖ Storage of excavated soil within the project site, covered by tarpaulin sheet in order to avoid dust generation by wind

❖ Soil will not dump from height during preparation of first layer of liner system. Compaction of soil will be done by mild sprinkling of water.

❖ All vehicles/ machineries operating at the project site are PUC certified. Regular check of engines will be done to provide optimum consumption of fuel.

4-148 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

❖ In addition, the labors will be provided with dust mask while working in the landfill construction

Operation Phase ❖ Soil will not be dumped on waste for cover from height. The truck to dump the soil will carry out the activity slowly as possible. Note: Soil for covering of waste must not be moistened; else it will lead to generation of leachate.

❖ Vehicles moving within the site will plight through Tar Road. In case non-tar road, the road will be water sprinkled regularly. Compaction of soil on the waste will be done soon after soil is covered on the waste.

❖ All vehicles/ machineries operating at the project site are PUC certified. Regular check of engines will be done to provide optimum consumption of fuel.

❖ All transportation vehicles in use will be PUC certified, operate at moderate speed and regular check of engines will be done to provide optimum consumption of fuel.

❖ Every time waste is disposed off within the landfill, soil cover over the waste will be done. Waste will not be allowed to be exposed to open for long period of time. Soil cover is to be done within 12 hours of disposal of waste in the landfill.

❖ In addition, the labors will be provided with dust mask while working in the landfill area, pre-treatment area, MEE area, Waste Storage Area. All these emissions are expected to be concentrated within the project site, except emissions from transport vehicles carrying waste from industries to the TSDF site.

Odor Control Measures Odor is one of the most common irritants in a waste management site. Odor is generated from a hazardous waste management facility from: a) Landfill wastes, b) during transportation of volatile chemicals, c) leachate, d) pre-treatment/ stabilization area. A Good waste management practice will greatly reduce general site smell and reduce impact from odour. Some of the good practices adopted at the facility include;

A. Adequate compaction of waste at the landfill and covering the landfill waste by soil; B. Pretreatment of waste in a confined area. The pre-treatment area is well ventilated. C. Speedy disposal and burial of malodours waste. D. Effective use of appropriate type of daily cover. E. Progressive capping and restoration. F. Effective landfill gas management.

4-149 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

G. Effective leachate management H. Consideration of prevailing wind direction while planning leachate treatment plants, (which is MEE in this case), gas flares and direction of tipping.

4.4.1.4 Traffic The site is well connected by road to industrial areas of the State. SSWML is located near Nalagarh which part of Baddi Barotiwala Nalagarh Industrial Belt of Himachal Pradesh. Nearest Town- Nalagarh, 12.5 km in the East direction and District Headquarters is Solan about 50 Km from project site. Interstate boundary of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab falls within 4.8 km radius from the project site. Heavy lorry traffic shall give rise to nuisance, damage to road surface and verges and routing problem. The following measures are helpful; a. Using one-way route to avoid traffic conflict. b. Carrying out improvement of road for its surface, width, provision of footpath & passes. c. Limiting the no of vehicle movement. d. Avoiding peak hours for collection & transportation of waste. As on date, only 11 numbers of vehicles are used for collection and transportation of waste per day. Since the number of vehicles is very less, there is no major impact on traffic envisaged due to this project. Further, the project site is approachable in two routes from Nalagarh-Dhabota-Bharatgarh Road, which is the main access road to the rest of the state. One route connects the project site to Nalagarh-Dhabota-Bharatgarh Road through Majra Village. This road is narrow and crossing the populated village and connects to the Nalagarh- Dhabota-Bharatgarh Road. In this road, the transportation of vehicles will obstruct the village road and disrupts the traffic movement. The second route is a direct connectivity from the site to Nalagarh-Dhabota-Bharatgarh Road, developed by the project proponent, which is 6 m wide paved road. The length of this road is about 1.5 km. The number of vehicles moving on this road is also very less. Thus, the transport vehicles adopt the second route. No disturbance in traffic encountered till date. Further to this, the project proponent has planted number of trees along the entire 1.5 km road stretch.

4-150 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

The other aspect of risk during transportation of waste is spillage of waste from the vehicles and accidental overturning of the vehicles during transportation of waste causing spillage of entire waste along the road side. During transportation, it is ensured that the waste is covered securely throughout the entire transportation route.

4.5 WATER REGIME Water Demand Maximum water consumption is 20 KLD. 15KLD is available from underground bore well and 5 KLD shall be made available from Rainwater Harvesting for industrial purpose. To minimize the water consumption; water saving options is implimented. • Elimination of leaks in the pipelines • Storm water management. • Rainwater holding tanks • Recycling of water, etc. • Dry sweeping of all areas before mopping /washing Impact of Surface Water Quality There is a stream flowing at about 900 m in the east direction of the project site. However, since the project is neither withdrawing any surface water for its use nor it is discharging any effluent in the stream or any surface water body, the impact envisaged on surface water is negligible. However, it is important to note that the transportation route of waste, is a through hilly terrain and crossing several streams/ rivulets, any case of spillage of waste or overturning of the waste carrying vehicles on these streams/ rivulets will lead to contamination of surface water. Rainwater Harvesting and Storm Water Management The project being a TSD Facility, ground water recharge pit having capacity is not preferred at this project site due to risk pertaining to ground water contamination. However, the storm water obtained from the project site is channelized properly with peripheral and internal drainage network. The collected water is used within the project site for purposes like landscaping and water sprinkling. The calculation of rainwater harvesting potential in the plant. S.no Details Values 1 Roof top Area (m2) 4998

4-151 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

2 Green/Open Land Area (m2) 50032 3 Road/Paved area(m2) 12000 4 Average Annual rainfall District 1140.86 mm/ 1.141 m 5 Co-efficient of evaporation, spillage and first flush 0.8 wastage 6 Runoff coefficient for roof top (0.7-0.9) 0.8 7 Runoff coefficient for paved area (0.5-0.7) 0.6 8 Runoff coefficient for open land (0.3-0.6) 0.3 9. Collection coefficient factor will be considered at rate of 80%

S. No. Details Calculation Rainfall Rainfall Runoff Harvested @ 80% (m3/Annum) Fraction (m3) 1 Roof top Area 4998x1.141 x0.8 4562.17 3649.73 2 Paved/Road Area 12000x 1.141 x0.6 8215.2 6572.16

3 Green/Open land 50032 x 1.141 x0.3 17125.95 13700.76 Area TOTAL 23922.65

23922.65 m3/Annum /65.5 KLD water is available for Rainwater harvesting. 5 KLD water demand shall be met through Rainwater Harvesting. Proposed project has existing RWH Structure, detail given below.

Description Capacity Dimension

Rainwater Harvesting Pit 1100 KL Length = 21 m, Width= 27 m, Depth = 1.95m Near Wheel Wash Area Rainwater Harvesting Pit 6 KL Length = 1.9 m, Width = 1.9 m, Depth = 1.75 m Near Laboratory Block

Impact on Ground water Quantitative Impact: Important source of water for drinking, household activity, agricultural activity, and industrial activity in the surrounding area of the project site is Ground Water. The project is withdrawing 15 KLD of ground water per day for the operation of the project. The depth of ground water at the project site is 5.01 and 28.76 m bgl in pre monsoon and 3.02 to 27.57 m bgl in post monsoon. The yield of ground water is 10 lps to 25 lps. It is

4-152 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

therefore envisaged that 15 KLD of ground water per day withdrawal will not have major impact on the other users of ground water in the vicinity of the project site.

In addition, since the ground water depth More than 5 mt from base of landfill, no ground water is encountered while construction of landfill.

Mitigation measures: It is always better to conserve water by a) optimum usage of water for different activities; b) reuse of water and c) recycling of water. As on date, the project is using 20 KLD water. The different usages are as follows: ❖ Water for domestic purpose, i.e. office and laboratory ❖ Water for stabilization; ❖ Water for floor cleaning; ❖ Water for landscaping; ❖ Water for tire wash of vehicles; ❖ Water for washing vehicles and containers; ❖ Water for sprinkling purpose.

Qualitative Impact: Qualitative impact of ground water is the contamination of ground water due to various reasons while operating the project, which are as under:

❖ Breach in landfill liner system, leading to contamination of ground water ❖ Contamination of ground water from the pre-treatment area ❖ Contamination of ground water from the leachate collection area ❖ Contamination of ground water from waste storage area ❖ Contamination of ground water due to accidental spillage/ overturning of the waste transport vehicles while transportation Several measures have been taken to mitigate such impacts. ❖ Management for landfill breach is addressed in the Chapter Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan; ❖ Entire pre-treatment area is concrete flooring, with peripheral drain surrounding the pre-treatment area ❖ Leachate collection area is made up of concrete

4-153 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

❖ Entire Waste storage area is concrete flooring, with peripheral drain surrounding the pre-treatment area ❖ Management of waste due to accidental spillage/ overturning of the waste transport vehicles while transportation is detailed in the Chapter Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan

4.6 NOISE LEVEL IMPACT AND MANAGEMENT Noise is unwanted and unpleasant sound, which causes distraction, disturbance and annoyance. Continuous exposure to high level of noise can impair human hearing power. Construction activities are likely to produce noise up to some extent. During construction phase of the project activity, there is noise generation from earth moving equipment and material handling traffic. The noise generation level is confined within the surrounding area of construction site. Thisis short term, localized and reversible impact on ambient noise levels during the construction activities. In operation activities, frequent vehicular movement for loading/unloading of industrial waste and other transport are cause of adverse effect on noise environment. Mitigation Measure • Noise level specification of the various equipment as per the Occupational Safety and Health Association (OSHA) standards. • Providing suitable enclosures (adequate insulation), to minimize the impact of high noise generating sources. • Employees are provided with PPE like ear plugs, helmets, safety shoes, etc. • Development of greenbelt all along the boundary and along the roads within the project • Proper maintenance of the plant machineries and transport vehicles to maintain the low noise levels.

4.7 SOCIO ‐ECONOMIC IMPACTS Adverse impact on human health Hazardous waste spillage may cause direct effects that could potentially have a long-term health impact on humans, flora & fauna and surrounding environment. Due to direct contact with hazardous waste or inhalation of toxic gas containing reactive cyanide, sulfide or carcinogenic chemicals may cause long term health impact, injury or even, loss of life may occur. Beneficial impact

4-154 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

The expansion of TSDF leads to better management of hazardous waste for longer period thus improving the overall environmental quality of the area. Due to setting up of project the facilities for public transport, water supply, telecommunications, education, public wealth etc.has improved.

Project proponent has provided the direct employment to the 80 workers mostly from nearby area, which has further affected (positively) the occupational structure of the area. The proposed activities shall generate indirect employment in the region due to the requirement of workers in trail making, supply of raw material, auxiliary and ancillary works, which would marginally improve the economic status of the people. The activities would result in an increase in local skill levels through exposure to activities.

The proposed project is expected to create beneficial impact on the local socio-economic environment. Impacts on the Community Public Safety: Several activities, those are likely to be carried out in the facility that has significant adverse impacts on the public safety. With the implementation of a strong environmental management plan, the communities residing near the project site are unlikely to be exposed to any long-term hazards.

4.8 ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY There is no notified/protected ecologically sensitive area including national park, sanctuary, Elephant/Tiger reserves existing in the study area. The impact due to proposed activity on the ecological parameters like natural vegetation, cropping pattern and aquatic life, forests and species diversity is as summarized below. The project for Secured Landfill of TSDF is located on non-agriculture land. During construction phase, due to generation of fugitive dust emission there is slight impact on natural vegetation of the surrounding area. Emission is within limit by incorporating EMP provisions. Therefore, the adverse impact over any of the ecological components of the environment is negligible. Further, the necessary environmental protection measures is planned under EMP e.g. air pollution control systems designed to take care of even emergency releases of the gaseous pollutants like

PM, SO2 and NOx regular environmental surveillance, etc; so as not to have any short-term or cumulative effect on the crops and the natural vegetation of the area. The impact on surrounding ecology is negligible from existing operation of TSDF.

4-155 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

AESTHETIC ENVIRONMENT The project site is inisolated area away from the settlements and greenbelt development around the site, as a part of the environmental management plan has helped in improving the aesthetics of the environment

4.9 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND RISK Site preparation and Secured Landfill Facility involve many occupational health hazards to the workers at site. Noise generated during setting up and the development of Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility, Hazardous Waste Treatment (stabilization) Storage & Disposal including, Waste Receipt, Characterization and storage may affect the workers and staff members. Handling, transportation, storage, disposal and transportation of hazardous wastes, chemicals, fuel etc may cause health hazard if not handled properly. During operation of the proposed TSDF, following activities can pose hazards and risk to human and surrounding environment: ➢ Storage of Recycled Oil in tanks. ➢ Manoeuvring of Wastes and Manual Handling ➢ Loading and unloading hazardous wastes on vehicle – mechanical movements ➢ Removal of bungs from drums, cuts & abrasions ➢ Contact with hazardous chemicals. ➢ Chemical reaction – fire, gas. ➢ Access egress – fatigue, chemical exposure. Human Health Risk from TSDF Site Hazardous wastes managed in barrels or tanks can release COCs into the atmosphere via volatilization. During the operation of TSDF site, wastes may be entered into the environment though the following sources: ➢ Emission of particulate matters due to wind-blown erosion of disposed wastes ➢ Volatization of organic liquid wastes; ➢ Infiltration of leachate into ground and subsequently contamination of ground water in an unlikely event of damage to the liner system of TSDF site; Spillage of contaminated runoff from the TSDF site during heavy rains;

4-156 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

➢ Bioaccumulation of Constituents of Concern through food and vegetation. Mitigation Measures ❖ All employees first undergo medical checks-up organized by the HR Department before hiring is done. All people who have a satisfactory health condition is hired and the facility for free medical checkups is given to each and every employee every 3 months. ❖ First aid facilities are available at the premises to treat basic injuries. If the case is beyond first aid, then the person is taken to the nearest hospital for further treatment and consultation. ❖ All necessary precautions are taken to monitor restriction at work period. All government banned substances and products are in the restriction list at the premises. All necessary signboards are put up at the required places through-out the facility. ❖ Proper PPE is provided to site workers and staff members. ❖ Site preparation work is carried out during daytime only ❖ An acoustic enclosure is provided to DG sets and other noise generating equipment. ❖ The Company has been certified as ISO 9001 & 14001 & OSHA 4.10 LAND ENVIRONMENT Potential impacts on land environment due to the identified activities are given below:

As the project site is on non-agriculture land and already in operation. Due to proposed expansion modified landfill cell shall be constructed having little variation from existing plan.

Mitigation Measures

Necessary efforts are made during preparation of site to minimize disruption of current land use to the extent possible;

Proper restoration of site is carried out to bring the physical terrain, soils and vegetation, to have better landscape.

4.11 IMPACT ON SOIL & GEOLOGY Impact of the expansion of project on the Soil Environment can be at different stages of project like construction phase and operational phase. Causes of impact can be air (Flue gas), Water (effluents) and solids (Waste and hazardous material). Impact can be primary, secondary or tertiary. Impact can be positive or negative Construction phase

4-157 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

At the beginning of construction &excavation, topsoil is kept separately for its use in planation area. A proper liner system at the base and side of the landfill prevents migration of leachate or gas to surrounding soil. A leachate collection and treatment facility collect and extract leachate from within and from base of the landfill and then treat the leachate in MEE. A final cover system at the top of the landfill, which enhances surface drainage, prevents infiltration of water and support vegetation. A surface drainage system, which collect and remove all surface runoff from land fill site. Operational phase During the Monsoon months the waste should be stockpiled in temporary holding area (covered with roof). During this period the landfill has to be kept capped with final cover/intermediate cover, and land filling operation should be suspended to reduce infiltration of rainwater into landfill. Leachate drainage collection and removal: A leachate collection system is designed at the base of the landfill. It shall comprise of drainage layer, a perforated pipe collection system, sump collection area and removal system. Final cover system: A final landfill cover, comprising of several layers, each with specific function is installed, after each landfill phase reaches the full hsix. The final cover system shall enhance surface drainage. Any drainage channels or drains constructed on the restored landfill surface are able to resist erosion and cope with localized storm condition. Soil samples are collected and analyzed every year as per standard protocol for mitigation and monitor any adverse impact on soils, around the TSDF, during and after operations. It is suggested that the proponent should take initiative so that farmers within at least 5 km core zone area are encouraged to obtain soil health card and should be given special attention by constant monitoring for Physical and chemical analysis of soil samples for any contamination.

4-158 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

5.1 SITE SELECTION Presently a Common Hazardous Waste Treatment Storage and Disposal Facility (CHWTSDF) are operated by M/S Shivalik Solid Waste Management Limited is being utilized by the industries of Himachal Pradesh. The proposed expansion of landfill facility within existing site provides long term solution for hazardous waste management for the entire State. The proposed site also meets the criteria for selection of site as per CBCB guidelines.

5.2 TECHNOLOGY Hazardous wastes have become an important environmental and public health issue which concerns many countries in the world. In the modern framework of hazardous waste management, a four-pronged strategy has been adopted: 1. Minimizing the quantity of waste 2. Recycling/Reuse of industrial waste 3. Treatment of the waste 4. Collection, transport and disposal of waste in an environmentally sound manner. All four of these approaches are important and are not exclusive of each other. When dealing with a given hazardous waste problem, often there is a need to utilise a combination of the four general approaches.

Waste Minimization The priority in hazardous waste management is to reduce the quantity of waste to minimum. Three major waste reduction schemes which are often used are summarized as below:

i) Process Modification Often the industrial process can be altered in such a way that the use of raw materials is optimized, and the amount of-hazardous waste is reduced to barest minimum. For example, in zinc electroplating, the sulphate salt is substituted by the chloride compound with slight modification of the process; this can eliminate the cyanide problem. ii) Waste Concentration The waste can be concentrated using evaporation, precipitation or decantation techniques which mean that the volume of waste can be considerably reduced using these methods. Incineration, viz., oxidation of inflammable-waste is often practiced reducing the volume of waste to be handled. It

5-159 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

is an excellent method of waste disposal, but the cost of operation usually exceeds the net gains. iii) Waste Segregation Segregating the hazardous waste streams from non-hazardous streams decreases the volume of hazardous wastes, thus, making it easier to treat. iv) Recycling Industrial Wastes Many substances in refuse wastes have value. Scientists have developed ways of recycling many wastes so they can be used again. Almost all materials are recyclable. However, in some more energy is consumed in recovery than the recovered value warrants. The two broad ways of processing hazardous waste are waste reuse and waste recycling. v) Co-processing of Hazardous Waste: Industrial Waste having high calorific value is being preprocessed & sent to Cement Plant in the State for Co processing.

The proposed expansion of TSDF consisting of Secured land fill is in accordance to the Hazardous Waste Management & Transboundary Rules 2016 and essentially for the disposal of landfillable waste. This method is opted after exercising all other option described above.

5-160 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

6.1 INTRODUCTION An environmental monitoring plan provides a delivery mechanism to address the adverse environmental impacts of a project during its execution, to enhance project benefits, and to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all project works. An environmental monitoring program is important as it provides useful information and helps to: ❖ Assist in detecting the development of any unwanted environmental situation, and thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures, and ❖ Define the responsibilities of the project proponents, contractors and environmental monitors and provides means of effectively communicating environmental issues among them. ❖ Define monitoring mechanism and identify monitoring parameters. ❖ Evaluate the performance and effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed in the Environment Management Plan (EMP) and suggest improvements in management plan, if required, ❖ Identify training requirement at various levels.

6.2 NEED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING It includes; ❖ Verify and support compliance with applicable Central & State environmental laws, regulations, permits, authorization, consent to operate, protocols and orders. ❖ Establish baselines and charaterize trends in the physical, chemical, and biological condition of environmental media / matrix. ❖ Identify potential environmental problems and evaluate the need for remedial actions or measures to mitigate the problems. ❖ Detect, characterize, and report unplanned releases. ❖ Evaluate the effectiveness of flue gas from incinerator & leachate treatment and control, and pollution abatement programs. ❖ Determine compliance with commitments made in environmental impact statements, Form V – environmental statements, assessments ❖ EMS- ISO: 14001, safety analysis reports, or other official documents or for due diligence.

161 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

A well planned EMD (Environment Management Department) is in place. The Environmental Management System is established having a policy- “Necessary Environmental protection by land filling, treatment, storage & disposal facilities. Reclamation and green belt development as per plan and prevention of pollution” for protection of environment. The Environment division at corporate level viz., Corporate Environment Cell (Figure 6.1) which functions between the management and various industrial and service units. Environment Cell functions with well defined policy and guidelines and comply with the orders/directions of statutory authorities. Over decades, Shivalik from it’s past experience has been striving to maintain ecological balance in it’s existing facilities. Shivalik proposes to take various steps like, plantation of trees in and around Nalagarh, continuous reclamation, slope stabilization, water harvesting, action for restricting seepage water inflow into foundation pit during the construction of land fill site for its extension through systematic and scientifically assessment of ground water conditions . Water conservation measures like dewatering, collecting seepage water under gravity through drilling horizontal bores in the sides of large diameter collector well & subsequently taking water out of these wells through pumping and to empty it into near by drain.

6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING During the Land filling operations, environmental monitoring of the following parameters is carried out; 1) Air quality; 2) Water & wastewater quality; 3) Noise levels; 4) Green belt development plan; and 5) Socio‐Economic aspects

To evaluate the effectiveness of environmental management programme, regular monitoring of important environmental parameters is taken up to find out any deterioration in environmental quality. The schedule, duration & parameters monitored are given in Table 6.1

162 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

FIGURE 6-1 HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE OF SHIVALIK

163 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

TABLE 6-1 MONITORING SCHEDULE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS

Sr. Particulars Duration of Important Monitoring No. Sampling Parameters 1 Air Pollution and Meteorology Air Quality A. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring at Project Site - 24 hours twice in a Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10),Fine week particulate (PM2.5)Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of nitrogen (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Ozone (O3), Ammonia (NH3), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Arsenic (As), Benzo Pyrine (BaP), Benzene (C2H2), VOC, Ammonia (NH3), Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) , Twice a year PAH,HC B. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring around the Project Site

- Quarterly PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx and VOC,HC C.Meteorology Meteorological data Continuous Wind speed, direction, Monitoring temperature, relative humidity and rainfall

D. Landfill of Gas Monthly VOC, H2S Vent 2. Water Environment A.Leachate - Once in a quarter pH, COD,TDS,TSS, Sulphate,Chlorides B. Ground Water - Quarterly pH, Colour, TDS, TSS,Conductivity, Turbidity, TOC, Sulphates,Chlorides, Color, Total

Hardness (as CaCO3),Total Alkalinity (as

CaCO3),TKL, Chlorides (as Cl), Nitrate, (as

6-164 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

- Quaterly pH, Colour, TDS, TSS,Conductivity, Turbidity, TOC, Sulphates,Chlorides, Color, Total

Hardness (as CaCO3),Total Alkalinity (as

CaCO3),TKL, Chlorides (as Cl), Nitrate, (as

NO3), Fluoride, Lead (as Pb), Cadmium (as Cd), Copper (Cu), total Chromium (as Cr), Mercury (as Hg),Nickel (as Ni), Cyanide (as CN),Manganese (as Mn), Iron (as Fe), Zinc (as Zn),BOD, COD, and Pesticides ( Organo Chlorine, Organo Nitrogen, Synthetic Pyrethrold, Carbamates) 3 Noise Environment Noise Once a month near Noise level in dB(A)leq the noise generating equipment 4. Soil Environment Soil at project site Once in six months Analysis of pH, TDS, Conductivity, at various location TOC,Fluoride, Lead (as Pb), Cadmium (as Cd), Copper (Cu), Total Chromium (as Cr), Mercury (as Hg),Nickel (as Ni), Cyanide (as CN),Manganese (as Mn), Arsenic (as As), Zinc (as Zn), Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbon (as PAH) In surrounding area Yearly Analysis of pH, TDS, Conductivity, TOC,Fluoride, Lead (as Pb), Cadmium (as Cd), Copper (Cu), Total Chromium (as Cr), Mercury (as Hg),Nickel (as Ni), Cyanide (as CN),Manganese (as Mn), Arsenic (as As), Zinc (as Zn), Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbon (as PAH)

6.4 LABORATORY FACILITIES M/s. Shivalik shall have their own laboratory equipped with analytical facilities . Equipment of quality control laboratory is made available for analysis of environment parameters. In case the monitored results of environment pollution found to exceed the prescribed limits, remedial actions is taken. Instruments list for laboratory is given below. 1 Muffle Furnace 2 Hot Plate 3 Analytical Balance 4 Distillation Assembly 6-165 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

5 Ammonical Nitrogen Assembly 6 Bomb Calorimeter 7 Magnetic Stirrer 8 COD Digestion Apparatus 9 pH meters 10 Conductivity / TDS meter 11 Oven 12 Karl Fisher Apparatus 13 Stack Monitoring Kit 14 RSPM sampler 15 Noise level meters 16 VOC sampler

6.5 POST OPERATIONAL PHASE Post-closure monitoring of the landfill shall be done primarily as a compliance requirement in addition to social responsibility; this also provides an early warning towards possible adverse impacts on human health and the environment. The post-closure program of monitoring for water quality in the ground water and surface waters down gradient of the landfill is like that established for the operational stage of the facility. The frequency of monitoring may be varied from time to time depending on statutory requirement. A separate corpus fund is being maintained for the monitoring & meeting any eventuality during post closure period.

During post closure period a capping is provided above the waste which consists of drainage layer. The slope of the capping helps in drainage of the rainwater. The closure of land fill is designed as per CPCB criterion. Waste is leveled and compacted with roller and dozer to achieve maximum density of waste. After getting maximum density of compacted surface of waste, surface be leveled and dressed to required gradient. After leveling and dressing of waste first gas collection layer is constructed.

GAS COLLECTION LAYER: Gas collection layer is constructed with round pebbles which allow collecting the gas generated from the landfill. A vent pipe be placed and connected to gas collection layer to release the gas generated within the landfill.

6-166 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

POST CLOSURE MAINTENANCE: Operator shall comply with the O&M Requirements set out in this Schedule. In doing so, the operator shall ensure that the landfill facility is operated and maintained to the standards and specifications as set out in the Construction requirements and also meet the other requirements, if any, set out in the Agreement. In the design, planning and implementation of all works and functions associated with the operation and maintenance of the Landfill Facility, the operator shall take all such actions and do all such things (including without limitation, organizing itself, adopting measures and standards, executing procedures including inspection procedures and engaging contractors, if any, agents and employees) in such manner, as it : ➢ ensure the safety of personnel deployed on and users of the Landfill Facility or part thereof; ➢ Keep the equipment and machinery employed at the Landfill Facility from undue deterioration and wear; ➢ Permit unimpaired performance of statutory duties and functions of any part in relation to the Project;

PERIODIC INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE: Periodic inspection and routine maintenance at a closed landfill site be carried out for a period of 30 years after closure. The following components of a closed landfill are inspected visually after landfill closure to confirm that all functional elements are working satisfactorily. A maintenance schedule with specified reporting formats is drawn up after each inspection. COVER SYSTEM: The final cover is inspected ➢ to check that vegetation growth is occurring satisfactorily and that plants are not showing stunted growth, ➢ to detect if any erosion gullies have been formed thereby exposing the barrier layers, ➢ to earmark depressions that may have developed with time and ➢ to identify ponding of water on the landfill cover.

DETECTION OF RUPTURE IN THE LINERS: Closed landfills may show significant settlement. Rectification measures not only re-establish the initial slope of the cover but also ensure that all the components of the landfill cover system

6-167 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

continue to perform as originally envisaged. Site manager have enough equipment and manpower to periodically carry out maintenance work in the form of soil filing, re-grading the cover and re- vegetating the landfill cap.

THE RUPTURE IN THE LINER SYSTEM IS DETECTED BY FOLLOWING OBSERVATIONS.: The grid line is installed at regular interval. The base line & benchmark is established on the top. The surveying instrument is kept at site. The levels of landfill top/side slopes are checked at regular interval. Area of depression/settlement is marked on site to detect the possible rupture in the liner system. The leachate quantities coming out of each leachate drain outlet are measured. The increase in the leachate discharge gives indication of the rupture in the system.

REMEDIATING THE RUPTURES/FAULTS: The liners within this area are removed safely. The HDPE liner is checked for any damage. The additional HDPE liner welded to the existing liner. The liner system in this area is reinstalled/re- established to maintain continuity of the system. In areas where extensive erosion gully formation is observed, filling of cover material, regrading of cover slopes and re-vegetation be routinely undertaken. ➢ The Lawn and Shrubbery maintained properly through sprinkler system. ➢ The walkways and footpath maintained properly.

SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS: The surface water drainage system is also inspected to: ➢ To identify cracks in drains due to settlements ➢ To delineate clogged drains requiring immediate clean-up and ➢ To study the level of deposited soil in the storm water basin and initiate excavation measures. Broken pipes and extensively cracked drains may require replacement after filling soil beneath them to establish slopes for gravity flow. In extreme cases where long term settlement may be excessive, it become necessary to make sumps and operate storm water pumps for removal of accumulated water in the drainage system. REPORTING: A day to day record with weekly, monthly, quarterly and annual extracts is required and being mantained.

6-168 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATION

In compliance to provision of the EIA notification dated 14.9.2006, Public hearing has been conducted by Himachal Pradesh State Pollution Control Board.

Environmental Public Hearing of M/s Shivalik Solid Waste Management Limited Village: Majra, PO: Dabhota, Teh: Nalagarh, District: Solan, Himachal Pradesh for environmental clearance of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (10 lakh metric ton to 20 lakh metric tons) was held on 09-01-2020 at 11.30 AM. This environmental public hearing was organized under the chairmanship of Mr. Rohit Rathore, Additional District Magistrate, District Solan and conducted by Mr. Praveen Gupta, Senior Environmental Engineer and Additional Director (Environment, Science and Technology Department, Himachal Pradesh).

Public Hearing Proceeding (Action Plan) S.no Name & Issues Comments Action Plan Address

1 Mr. Sanjeev He said that number of Project Proponent: 35% of total area has been earmarked for Village: Majra trees has been cut and the He said that trees will not be greenbelt in the plant premises. Tehsil water in our village is cut in the proposed project, More than 8000 trees plantation have been Nalagarh getting polluted by this because the capacity undertaken within the site as well as outside unit. What does company addition will be done at the premises at appropriate places in the do to prevent the pollution? existing place only. The nearby area. waste is treated scientifically More trees plantation will be done in nearby before its disposal in the villages by the facility after discussion with landfill. Committee of stakeholders under CSR activities.

7-169 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

2. Mr. Bhupinder He said that before the Project proponent: Leachate generated from SLF (secured landfill) Singh, Village: establishment of this unit, He said that the project has is treated by MEE (Multi Effect Evaporator) and Majra Tehsil the environment of our Multiple Effect Evaporator residues from centrifuge of MEE shift to SLF Nalagarh village used to be very pure (MEE); Leachate/Chemical after proper stabilization. but now the colour of water wastewater does not go has turned yellow and bad outside the unit but treated smell comes at night. River in the MEE plant. water is also getting Proper Rainwater drainage Proper Rainwater drainage system is there, polluted and company has system is there and and Quarterly monitoring is being carried out not done any development continues water sampling is for Ambient Air & Stack emission, Water, Soil activity in our village. done. and Noise and report is submitted to the The manager of the regulatory authorities. Third Party Monitoring company gave detailed report has been attached as Annexure-XI. information about various Landfill waste has been covered with Soil layer CSR activities. thickness 0.300 m & well compacted the top. Photographs of same is enclosed (Photographs attached as Annexure- XIII) Committee of stakeholders is initiated to carry out developmental activities in village by SSWML. Letter attached as Annexure-XII. 3. Mr. Rajinder He said that during the Project proponent: During transportation, it will be ensured that Singh, transportation of waste, the He ensured that all the the waste is covered securely throughout the Lamberdar, waste falls from trucks near vehicles transporting their entire transportation route. Road Maintaice Village: Majra the speed breaker, which hazardous waste are done by SSWML (Photographs attached as Tehsil has made the life of the covered, there is negligible Annexure-XIII) Nalagarh villagers miserable. He chance of waste falling but gave a copy of proposed corrective measures will be developmental activities taken as per your need to be done in village comments.

7-170 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

to the Chairman and The manager of the Employment will be given to local people as per requested to done by the company said that qualification. unit. employment will be given as He also raised the issue of per qualification. giving employment to youth in the unit to the Chairman. 4. Mr. Sardar Sardar Surmukh Singh Project proponent: Committee of stakeholders is initiated to carry Surmukh suggested that a The project proponent out developmental activities in village by Singh Village: committee of stakeholders agrees on this proposal. SSWML. Letter attached as Annexure-XII. Dabhota should be formed, and this Tehsil committee should request Nalagarh the funds for the developmental activities in village.

7-171 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

7.2 RISK ANALYSIS & DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN Hazard Identification is a critical step in Risk Analysis. A classical definition of hazard states that hazard is in fact the characteristic of system/plant/process that presents potential for an accident. Hence all the components of a system/plant/process need to be thoroughly examined to assess, their potential for initiating or propagating an unplanned event/sequence of events, which can be termed as an accident.

In Risk Analysis terminology, a hazard is something with the potential to cause harm. Hence the Hazard Identification step is an exercise that seeks to identify what can go wrong at the major hazard installation or process in such a way that people may be harmed. The output of this step is a list of events that need to be passed on to later steps for further analysis.

Risk analysis deals with identification and computation of consequence and risks. Risk analysis follows an extensive hazard analysis. This requires a thorough knowledge of probability of failure, possible accident scenario, vulnerability of population to exposure etc. Much of this information is difficult to get or generate. Consequently, the risk analysis is often confined to maximum credible accident scenarios. It provides basis for preparation of on-site and off-site emergency plan and to incorporate safety measures.

Secured Land Filling (SLF) and allied activities as a part of the Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal facilities (TSDFs) are associated with several potential hazards to both the employees and the public. A worker in a TSDF site should be able to work under conditions, which are adequately safe and healthy. At the same time, the environmental conditions should be such as not to impair his working efficiency. This is possible only when there is adequate safety in TSDF site.

The objective of the Risk Analysis study is to identify vulnerable zones, major risk contributing events, understand the nature of risk posed to nearby areas and form a basis for the Emergency Response Disaster Management Plan (ERDMP). In addition, the Risk Analysis is also necessary to ensure compliance to statutory rules and regulations. Risk assessment methodology is given in Figure 7-1 below-

Steps of the risk analysis is as follows- Identification of Hazards and Selection of Scenarios

7-172 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Effects and Consequence Calculations Risk Summation (Risk calculation) Risk assessment (using an acceptability criteria) Risk Mitigation Measures

Figure 7-1 RISK ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY

7.3 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION Identification of hazards in the proposed project of TSDF which is Secured Land Filling (SLF) and allied activities as a part of the Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal facilities (TSDFs) is of primary significance of the analysis, and quantification of risk hazard indicates the characteristics of hazardous wastes that pose potential for an emergency in the event of spillage and accidental release of hazardous wastes from the landfill site. All the components of a system/plant/process need to be thoroughly examined to assess, their potential for initiating or propagating an unplanned event/sequence of events, which can be termed as an accident.

Explosive wastes in form of explosive solid and explosive liquid.

7-173 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

➢ Flammable wastes ➢ Corrosive Wastes ➢ Reactive wastes ➢ Toxic wastes Flammable wastes containing solvent residue, can form explosive mixture with air, and heating may cause pressure rise with risk of bursting and explosion (however in case of SLF explosion probability is very less as highly reactive materials and pressure vessels are not there) Some timevapour may be heavier than air and spreads along with the ground, narcotic in high concentrations,gives off toxic or irritant fumes in a fire. Various type of organic hazardous wastes, paint wastes, waste oil, etc are flammable in nature and can catch fire if getting source ofignition. There is release of toxic fume at the time of burring in the event of fire.

7.4 OTHER HAZARD AND CONTROL Human Health Risk from TSDF Site Toxic medical wastes and e-wastes managed and disposed at the proposed TSDF can release constituents of concern (CoCs) as vapors or particles to the air. wind-blown erosion of disposed hazardous waste or as leachate to the ground water. Hazardous wastes managed in barrels or tanks can release COCs into the atmosphere via volatilization. During the operation of TSDF site, wastes may be entered the environment though the following sources:

Emission of particulate matters due to windblown erosion of disposed wastes;

7.4.1.1 Volatization of organic liquid wastes. Infiltration of leachate into ground and subsequently contamination of ground water in an unlikely event of damage to liner system of TSDF site.

Spillage of contaminated run off from the TSDF site during heavy rains;

7.5 RISK MITIGATION MEASURES FOR PROPOSED PROJECT OF TSDF Risk mitigation measures have been described for the proposed TSDF site as given below: Collection and Transportation of Hazardous Wastes

Following requirements pertaining to the transportation of hazardous wastes is ensured:

7-174 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

➢ Vehicle used for transportation is in accordance with the provisions under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, and rules made there under. ➢ Transporter shall possess requisite copies of the certificate (valid authorization obtained from the HPPCB for transportation of wastes by the waste generator and operator of a facility) for transportation of hazardous waste. ➢ Transporter shall have valid “Pollution under Control Certificate” (PUCC) during the transportation of HW and is properly displayed. ➢ Vehicles are painted preferably in blue colour with white strip of 15 to 30 cmwidth running centrally all over the body to facilitate easy identification. ➢ Vehicle is fitted with mechanical handling equipment for safe handling and transportation of wastes. The word “HAZARDOUS WASTE” is displayed on all sides of the vehicle inHimachal Pradesh language, Hindi, and English. ➢ Name of the transporteris displayed. ➢ Emergency phone numbers and TREM Card as per HWM Rule as amended is displayed properly. ➢ Vehicle is fitted with roll-on/roll-off covers if the individual containers do not possess the same. ➢ Carrying of passengers is strictly prohibited except for the waste haulers. Access to these waste haulers is restricted to the cabins only. ➢ Transporter carry documents of manifest for the wastes during transportation asrequired under HWM Rules. ➢ Thetrucks are dedicated for transportation of hazardous wastes and they shall not be used for any other purpose. ➢ Each vehicle shall carry first-aid kit, spill control equipment and fire extinguisher. ➢ HW transport vehicle shall run only at a speed specified under Motor Vehicles Act to avoid any eventuality during the transportation of HW. ➢ The driver of the transport vehicle shall at least have cleared the SSC exam (10thstandard) and shall have valid driving license for heavy vehicles from the State RoadTransport Authority and shall have experience in transporting the chemicals. ➢ Driver(s) is properly trained for handling the emergency situations and safetyaspects involved in the transportation of hazardous wastes. ➢ The design of the trucks is such that there is no spillage during transportation.

7-175 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

7.6 STORAGE AREA (STORAGE SHED) ➢ Flammable, ignitable, reactive, and non-compatible wastes should be stored separately and never should be stored in the same storage shed however in this case no such waste is accepted. ➢ Storage area may consist of different sheds for storing different kinds of hazardous wastes and sheds should be provided with suitable openings. ➢ Storage area should be designed to withstand the load of waste stocked and any damage from the hazardous waste spillage. ➢ Loading and unloading of wastes in storage sheds should only be done under the supervision of the well trained and experienced staff. ➢ The storage and handling should have at least two openings/ routes to escape in the event of any fire in the area. ➢ Doors and approaches of the storage area should be of suitable sizes for entry of forklift and fire fighting equipment; ➢ The exhaust of the vehicles used for the purpose of handling, lifting and transportation within the facility such as forklifts or trucks should be fitted with the approved type of spark arrester. ➢ In order to have appropriate measures to prevent percolation of spills, leaks etc. to the soil and ground water, the storage area should be provided with concrete floor or steel sheet depending on the characteristics of waste handled and the floor must be structurally sound and chemically compatible with wastes. ➢ All the storage yards should be provided with proper peripheral drainage system connected with the sump to collect any accidental spills in roads or within the storage yards as well as accidental flow due to fire fighting.

7.7 STORAGE DRUMS/CONTAINERS The container is made or lined with the suitable material, which not react with, or in other words compatible with the hazardous wastes proposed to be stored.

The stacking of drums in the storage area should be restricted to three high on pallets (wooden frames). Necessary precautionary measures should be taken to avoid stack collapse. However, for waste having flash point less than 65.50 C, the drums should not be stacked more than one hsix.

7-176 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

No drums should be opened in the storage sheds for sampling etc. and such activity should be done in designated places outside the storage areas;

Drums containing wastes stored in the storage area should be labeled properly indicating mainly type, quantity, characteristics, source and date of storing etc.

7.8 SPILLAGE/LEAKAGE CONTROL MEASURES The storage areas should be inspected daily for detecting any signs of leaks or deterioration if any. Leaking or deteriorated containers should be removed and ensured that such contents are transferred to a sound container. In case of spills/leaks/dry adsorbents/cotton should be used for cleaning instead of water. Proper slope with collection pits be provided in the storage area to collect the spills/leakages. Storage areas should be provided with adequate number of spill kits at suitable locations. The spill kits should be provided with compatible sorbent material in adequate quantity.

7.9 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM ➢ The fire protection system shall comprise of: ➢ Fire detection and alarm system for waste storage area ➢ Fire Fighting system shall comprise of following major equipment and systems. ➢ Electric driven main fire pumps with emergency power from standby Diesel Genset for hydrant network serving of hydrants and hose reels; ➢ All necessary pump controls complete with all accessories for the above-mentioned pumps; ➢ All necessary signposting for the water-hydrant ring system including brackets, complete with accessories; ➢ All electrical rooms are provided with clean agent automatic fire extinguisher systems ➢ Complete addressable analogue fire detection system with heat and smoke detectors for various plant area including storages with necessary cabling, interface panels, controllers, sounders, manual call points, sirens, response indicators, and all necessary hardware and accessories; and ➢ All necessary electrical equipment, such as LV switchgear, LV motors, LV power and control cables, control panels with alarm, PBB and interlocks, necessary DC systems, push button stations, cable trays and accessories, cabling, glands lugs, earthing and lightning protection conforming to relevant electrical specifications. 7-177 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

7.10 MISCELLANEOUS RISK MITIGATION MEASURES ➢ Smoking is prohibited in and around the storage areas; ➢ Good housekeeping needs to be maintained around the storage areas. ➢ Signboards showing precautionary measures to be taken, in case of normal and emergency situations should be displayed at appropriate locations. ➢ To the extent possible, manual operations within storage area are to be avoided. In case of manual operation, proper precautions need to be taken, particularly during loading/unloading of liquid hazardous waste in drums. ➢ A system for inspection of storage area to check the conditions of the containers, spillages, leakages etc. should be established and proper records should be maintained. ➢ The wastes containing volatile solvents or other low vapor pressure chemicals should be adequately protected from direct exposure to sunlight and adequate ventilation should be provided. ➢ Storage sites should have adequate & prompt emergency response equipment systems for the hazardous waste stored on-site. This should include firefighting arrangement based on the risk assessment, spill management, evacuation and first aid. ➢ Immediately on receipt of the hazardous waste, it should be analyzed and depending upon its characteristics and storage & disposal should be finalized. ➢ Only persons authorized to enter and trained in hazardous waste handling procedures should have access to the hazardous waste storage areas. ➢ Mock drill for onsite emergency should be conducted regularly and records maintained. ➢ Display of Necessary Information at TSDF Site ➢ Necessary information containing the following elements is displayed at the site. ➢ Waste type (ignitable, toxic, reactive, etc) ➢ Approximately quantity of each type of wastes ➢ Generation location of waste storage area ➢ Evacuation point

7.11 GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS All precautions are taken to attend any emergency due to handling, storage and disposal of such hazardous wastes. Safety measures such as fire fighting system facility already working at TSDF site is provided during the emergency. 7-178 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Proper handling of hazardous chemical, hazardous wastes, regular cleaning & proper placement of material is maintained during operational phase.

7.12 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN (DMP) The objective of disaster management plan is to localize a disaster and to the maximum extent possible contain it to minimize the impact on life, the environment and property. The disaster management plan may be broadly divided into following steps as given in Figure below-

Figure 7-2 STEPS FOR DMP Objectives of DMP ➢ Minimization of the risks to lives and safety of proposed TSDF operators on-site and of the neighboring community. ➢ Coordination for appropriate and effective actions with outside regulatory agencies during and after their involvement in on-site emergencies. ➢ Containing and minimizing environmental damage, to surroundings, and to site property, and equipment, which could occur from emergency or accidental situations beyond the normal operations of the TSDF. ➢ Maintaining effective trained personnel capable of performing the established emergency response procedures when it is required. ➢ The risk involved during the hazardous waste transportation, storage and disposal site involve hazardous consequences due to the toxicity of the waste, flammability of the waste or explosively of the waste. Priority in Emergency Handling The general order of priority for involving measures during emergency would be as follows: Safeguard life

7-179 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Safeguard environment Safeguard property Classification of emergencies Emergency is a general term implying hazardous situation both inside and outside the plant/installation premises. Thus, the emergencies termed “onsite” when it confines itself within the plant/installation even though it may require external help and “off-site” when emergency extends beyond its premises. It is to be understood here, that if an emergency occurs inside theproposed of TSDF and could not be controlled properly and timely, it may lead to an “off-site” emergency. The main objectives of emergency management system are the following; ➢ Identification, control and containment of the hazardous situation. ➢ Minimizing the impact of event/accident prevention of damage to Men, Materials and Property ➢ To achieve the above stated objectives of emergency planning, the critical elements are: ➢ An early detection of an emergency and careful planning ➢ Co‐ordination and response organization structure along with efficient trained personnel ➢ Availability of resources for handling emergencies ➢ Appropriate emergency response actions ➢ Effective notification and communication facilities ➢ Regular review and updating of the ERP ➢ Proper training of the concerned personnel

The emergencies at the proposed TSDF can be broadly classified into three levels: Level 1: The emergency, which is containable within the factory premises. Emergency may be due to spillage of liquid or solid hazardous wastes, small fire in flammable hazardous wastes, etc. which can come under this category.

Level 2: The emergency, which is containable within the factory premises. Emergency may due to fire in flammable hazardous wastes, filling of water in disposal pit due to heavy rain, etc. which can come under this category.

7-180 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Level 3: An incident at the proposed of TSDF may occur, causing a severe hazard or a large area which poses an extreme threat to life or property. Breakage in slope and liner system due to de- settlement/earthquake, subsequently contamination of soil and ground water.

7.13 LEGAL AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY On-site emergency planning The provisions of the Hazardous Chemicals Rules, Section 41 B (4) of the Factories Act, 1948 (as amended) requires that every occupier is to draw up an on-site emergency plan with detailed disaster control measures and to educate the workers employed. The obligation of an occupier of hazardous chemicals installation to prepare an emergency plan is also stipulated in Rule 13 of the ‘Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rule, 1989 and subsequent amendments.

Off-site emergency planning Under the ‘Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules’ preparation of ‘Off- site Emergency Plan’ is covered in Rule No.14.The duty of preparing and keeping up to date the Off-site Emergency Plan as per this Rule is placed on the District Emergency Authority. Also, occupiers are charged with the responsibility of providing the above authority with such information, relating to the industrial activity under their control, as they may require for preparing the off-site emergency plan. Off-site emergency response needs actions by various Government agencies over which the operating company has no control. The proponent’s role and responsibility is to provide material, manpower, and knowledge support under the overall charge of the off-site control administration.

7.14 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM The management structure includes the following personnel. ➢ Chief Emergency Controller ➢ Site Main Controller ➢ Incident Controller ➢ Key Personnel’s ➢ Essential Workers ➢ The following are earmarked in the plant ➢ Assembly points ➢ Emergency control center 7-181 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

➢ Firefighting arrangements ➢ Medical facilities ➢ Other arrangements

In case of an emergency, the On-site Emergency Plan of the proposed project of TSDF come into action. Effective on-site emergency plan requires that in the event of an accident, nominated functionaries be given specific responsibilities, often separate from their day-to-day activities.

The emergency organization follows the usual pattern of the hierarchy. The senior-most functionary available during an emergency at the proposed of TSDF takes charge as Chief Emergency Coordinator (CEC) and locate himself at the designated Primary Command Post. The senior most functionaries for each emergency service act as coordinator and shall report at the Primary Command Post unless otherwise instructed by the Chief Coordinator.

The senior most persons in the shift is designated as the Site Incident Controller (SIC). The SIC take charge of the incident site and take the overall command. He is supported by other key persons representing various emergency services. Key persons are personnel available at the site on round the clock basis. It is to be appreciated that the key persons remain the front-line fighters. The role of various coordinators is to assess the situation from time to time, take appropriate decisions in consultation with the CEC and to provide timely resources to the key persons to fight the emergency.

Table 7-1 AUTHORITIES AND RESPONSIBILITY 1 Incident Controller For the safe shut down of Plant. To review & assess the actions. Provide information to other Plants. 2 Fire & Safety For the supply of P.P.E., F.F.E. etc. 3 Medical Officer For the medical treatment & hospitalization 4 Security For Visitors, manpower Movement, traffic control, firefighting, rescue operations. 5 Pers. & Admn. Evacuation of persons/causalities, outside shelter, information to the relatives of injured person, welfare of in plant affected persons, information to local authorities, statutory authorities, records of affected persons, press etc.

7-182 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

6 Environment Environment monitoring /Controlling / safe disposal 7 Maintenance For safe shut down of plant. Availability of Utilities, electrical isolation etc. 8 Stores Availability of Engg. Spares, PPE etc.

7.15 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES The following possible accident scenarios may occur in a hazardous waste landfill (TSDF): ➢ Road accident during transportation of Hazardous waste ➢ Slope Failure of landfill ➢ Water accumulation at landfill due to heavy rain ➢ Breakage of Liner due to de-settlement of landfill pit. ➢ Fire at flammable hazardous waste disposal site

The Command Post is to be promptly established at safest place at the proposed TSDF Site. It is the nearest office/place having communication facilities to be manned continuously.

The response planning is as follows: ➢ Initial Notification of Release ➢ Establishment and Staffing of Command Post ➢ Formulation of Response Objectives and Strategy at the incident site ➢ Ensuring Health and Safety at Incident Scenes ➢ Evacuation ➢ Fire Response ➢ Health Care ➢ Personal Protection ➢ Public Relations ➢ Documentation and Investigative Follow-up ➢ Training

The accident scenarios for planning response procedures and carrying out mock drill should be considered based on the risk analysis study.

INITIAL NOTIFICATION OF RELEASES

7-183 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

In the event of emergency, alarm is raised in control room. Otherwise, any person noticing a fire, explosion or the release of hazardous materials should shout “spillage” or "Fire and. He also informs the control room on the nearest telephone and the panel officer inform SIC.

Action by Individual Employee in case of Emergency ➢ Do immediately inform the control room. ➢ Do act to control the incident as per the instructions ➢ Do reach the assembly point. ➢ Do not get panicky or spread rumors. ➢ Establishment and Staffing of Command Post ➢ Quickly establish a command post near the scene of incident. The minimum that is necessary is a continuously manned communication system close to the incident site. ➢ It is the responsibility of the response personnel at the Command Post to restrict the entry or movement of people into the Hazard zone. The first step of a response action must be restriction of access to the leakage site and other hazardous areas. ➢ Security and access control at Command Post and Primary Command Post need to be provided. ➢ Formulation of Response Objectives and Strategy at the Incident Site ➢ It is the responsibility of the CEO to decide on the appropriate response strategy specific to the situation prevailing. It is important to assess each incident before taking action.

CEO in consultation with the Site Incident Controller formulate realistic response objectives. The assessment should be based on resource requirement i.e. trained personnel and protective gear. Upon completion of the incident assessment, command personnel are in a better position to determine whether their response strategy should be defensive or offensive in nature. A defensive posture is best taken when intervention may not favorably affect the outcome of the incident or is likely to place emergency response personnel in significant danger, and/or may possibly cause more harm than good. An offensive posture (i.e., one requiring response personnel to work well within the boundaries of hazard zones) is best taken when intervention is likely to result in a favorable outcome without exposing personnel to undue danger and without causing new and potentially more severe problems

7.16 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM & ACTION ON THE SITE

7-184 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Communication System Any person noticing an emergency should be able to raise or cause to be raised the first-floor level emergency alarm. All employees must be trained to operate such emergency alarms. There should be an adequate number of points from which the alarm can be raised either directly, by activating an audible warning of individual signal or message to a preliminary manned location. This has the advantage of permitting the earliest possible action to be taken to control the situation, which in turn may avoid the development of a major emergency. All such points must be distinctively marked and known to all employees.

The alarm should be audible in every part of the plant. In areas of high noise level, it may be advantageous to provide an alternative to an audible alarm e.g. flashing light. Alarm systems vary and depend on the size of works. On small sites a simple alarm system should be suffice which provide the means whereby the persons hearing the incident can warn others of the danger and summon assistance. On large sites a staged warning system may be more appropriate. The person discovering the incident should warn all those in the vicinity who should either evacuate or take other immediate action according to the predetermined plan. Automatic alarms may be appropriate on some sites. To communicate disaster hooter is useful for proposed project of TSDF area and public in surrounding area. The alarm should alert the site controller who should assess the situation and implement appropriate emergency procedures. Separate alarms may be necessary to warn of different types of emergency such as fire and the beginning of the emergency as different procedure may be required. Care must be taken, however, to avoid a multiplicity of alarms which would cause confusion. In case of total electricity failure and the alarms, telephones and intercom system not working, help of runners/messengers is taken. One (or more) big bell (independent power) and magnetic telephones with fire and emergency services may also be useful.

Public address system or internal telephones throughout the proposed TSDF is use full for quick communication. The alarm system should be checked periodically to test efficiency.

7.17 DECLARING THE MAJOR EMERGENCY The declaration of major emergency puts many agencies on action and the running system may be disturbed which may be very costly at times or the consequences may be serious, therefore such declaration should not be decided on whims or immature judgment or without proper 7-185 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

thought. Because of scale of activity which is activated after the declaration of major emergency. A person should be selected on the basis that their knowledge and experience equip them to recognize the fact of a major emergency or the potential for it. Such nominated persons advice the Crises Controller, declare the emergency and it is declared accordingly through him. The joint decision to declare major emergency may be taken but it should be as early as possible and without wasting the time. Telephone Message After hearing the emergency alarm and emergency declaration or even while fast receiving the emergency message on phone, a telephone operator (or Communication Officer) must play an important role. He should be precise sharp, attentive and quick in receiving and noting the message and then for immediate subsequent action of further communication. Communication of Emergency ➢ There should be an effective system to communicate emergency ➢ Inside the proposed TSDF i.e. to the workers including key personnel and essential workers, on duty and inside during normal working hours ➢ To the key personnel and essential workers not on duty and outside during normal working hours. ➢ To the outside emergency services and the government authorities and ➢ To the neighboring firms and the public in the vicinity. Key points are suggested below: ➢ Communication to outside Emergency Services and Authorities ➢ Once the declaration is made, it is essential that the outside emergency services if they have not already been called in be informed in the shortest possible time. Liaison at local level help to determine the best means of achieving this, for example, direct line or automatic alarm to the fire brigade or by any emergency system. Predetermined code words to indicate the scale and type of the emergency may be useful. ➢ The emergency must be immediately communicated to the Government Authorities such as local Factory Inspectorate, Collectorate, Police and District Emergency Authority. ➢ The statutory information to above authorities must be supplied beforehand so that they can be well prepared to operate their offsite emergency control (contingent) plan. As per their advice to consultation, onsite plan should be modified and updated 7.18 STATUTORY COMMUNICATIONS Under the statutory provisions, information is required to be given to the following:

7-186 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

➢ The workers ➢ The public and neighboring firms ➢ Distract Emergency Authority. ➢ Factory Inspectorate ➢ Services and control ➢ Public Address System ➢ Public Address System is installed at selected points in the plant, which is used for announcement/ information to be given. Telephones Adequate facility for internal telephones to be installed in the different offices in the proposed TSDF is used to communicate any emergency to personnel.Emergency telephone numbers of responsible persons to be maintained with each department and emergency control centers.A list of all external authorities, their address and telephone nos. is maintained Fire Fighting Equipment Fire extinguishers depending upon the type of fire are used. List of location & type of fire extinguisher is maintained with each department. A quarterly check for extinguisher is done and recorded.

Mock Drill For reviewing and assessing the level of emergency preparedness, mock drills are conducted once in six months. Simulating the covered emergencies and maintain records of the trails.

Review & Revision All accidents/emergency situations are recorded in accident report. This is produced in the Safety Committee meeting to review & revise the emergency preparedness and response.

7-187 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

8 PROJECT BENEFITS

The expansion of landfill capacity at Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal facility have continued operation which would minimize the risk involved in hazardous waste management by way of transportation waste movement and treatment of Hazardous waste through manifest and regular monitoring of such facility would be better and feasible as compared to captive facilities by individual industries. These factors as well as a strong desire to come up as a single window solution provider for waste management issues have led the SSWML to embark setting up this Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal facility (TSDF), apart from achieving other social objectives.

8.1 IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE The Company offering huge employment potential to the people of surrounding area and technocrats. Besides direct employment, there is are opportunities for indirect employment due to working of Secured Landfill as a part of Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal facilities. Presently, 80 workers are working in the unit. There is no need for more personnel for proposed expansion. In general, the project is to have positive environmental impacts by collecting and disposing the hazardous waste in the scientific manner that reduce the future health hazard. Overall, this have positive impact on socio-economic profile of the area.

8.2 PLANTATION Free space is utilized for plantation purpose and the appropriate species is planted to provide ambience to the people working at the facility and keeping in mind the environmental benefits of these plants. The green belt is developed along plot boundaries using varieties of plant species suitable to local environment. Species type is based on soil characteristics and other related aspects to mitigate pollution effects due to noise, odor, dust etc. The major advantage of green belt is development of buffer zone and visual barrier for surrounding locality. 35% of total area has been earmarked for greenbelt in the plant premises. More than 8000 trees plantation have been undertaken within the site as well as outside the premises at appropriate places in the nearby area. More trees plantation will be done in nearby villages by the facility after discussion with Committee of stakeholders under CSR activities. following plants specied be selected for further plantation.

8-188 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

TABLE 8-1: SPECIES FOR GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT S. No. Scientific Name Family 1 Acacia leucophloea Fabaceae 2 Acacia catechu Fabaceae 3 Casuarina equisetifolia Casuarinaceae 4 Delonix elata Fabaceae 5 Dalbergia latifolia Fabaceae 6 Phyllanthus emblica Euphorbiaceae 7 Ficus religiosa Moraceae 8 Michelia champaca Magnoliaceae 9 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae 10 Polyalthia longifolia Apocynaceae 11 Ficus bengalensis Moraceae 12 Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae

8.3 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT RESPONSIBILITY (CER) Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER) Budget toward capital expenditure in accordance to the MoEF&CC’s Office Memorandum F.No. 22-65/2017-IA.III dated 01.05.2018 for Social Welfare. 1% of expansion cost has been earmarked for the corporate environment Responsibility (CER) to meet expenditures for the commitments made to the stakeholders. These shall include provision of energy efficient lighting facility (Solar light) in nearby village areas/area. TABLE 8-2 CSR ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT BY SSWML AMOUNT DISCRIPTION OF ACTIVITY (Rs.) Construction of Rain Shelter at Manpura (Nalagarh). 175000 Construction of Rain Shelter along the Main Road at Vill-Majra.Po- Dabhota. 175000 Contribution for Construction of a Shed of Gaushala in Dabhota. 5000 Construction of a Room Hall in Govt. Middle School Majra.Po -Dabhota. 201240 Construction of Cremation Shed at Village Majra. 200000

8-189 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

9 ENVIRONMENTAL COST AND BENEFIT ANALYSIS

Environmental cost and benefit analysis can inform an assessment of sustainability in two keyways. In a general sense, applying a rigorous analytical environmental cost and benefit analysis framework can help ensure that a sustainability assessment clearly describes and accounts for different economic, social, and environmental impacts in a way that addresses analytic concerns such as double counting and the treatment of varying time frames. The environmental cost and benefit analysis framework can also help identify areas where other types of analysis may be complementary.

SSWML operating common TSDF and doing Environment Management through Hazardous waste treatment and disposal, so all activities, process and operation is concerned with Environment management and improvement. The fund earmarked for environment protection measures is maintained in a separate account. Also, separate corpus fund is kept in accordance to the “Guidelines on Implementing Liabilities for Environmental Damages due to Handling & Disposal of Hazardous Waste and Penalty” issued by CPCB also insurance policy is taken to cover the cost of Penalty. There is no diversion of these funds for any other purpose.

Compare to individual industry managing hazardous waste of their own including in captive facility, the common facility has environmental benefit in terms of proper land filling, appropriate leachate collection and treatment & disposal in the appropriately lined landfill system as per guidelines of CPCB.

The proposed expansion of landfill capacity at Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal facilities (TSDFs), create longterm employment including skilled as well as semiskilled staff directly or indirectly. During Construction phase, the labors and workers is hired from nearby villages. The project has generated a fair amount of direct, indirect and induced employment in the study region. The local economy receives a boost due to employee spending and services generated by applicant. The Company is undertaking various CSR activities.

9-190 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

10 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

10.1 BACKGROUND Environmental Management Plan or programme (EMP) that seeks to achieve a required end state and describes how activities that have or could have an adverse impact on the environment, is mitigated, controlled, and monitored. The EMP addresses the environmental impacts during the design, construction and operational phases of a project. Due regard must be given to environmental protection during the entire project. To achieve this number of environmental specifications/recommendations are made. These are aimed at ensuring that the contractor maintains adequate control over the project to: ❖ Minimize the extent of impact during construction. ❖ Ensure appropriate restoration of areas affected by construction. ❖ Prevent long term environmental degradation. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is required to construct and operate the site as per the Environmental Regulations and to achieve sustainable development of the region. Considering the nature of industries in the region, waste generated the proposed project of TSDF Site, where all the infrastructure facilities are available. Considering the following aspects, the EMP for proposed expansion of landfill capacity during construction, which is a continuous process as after filling up of one cell next cell is constructed and for TSDF operation, has been are prepared; ❖ Construction of the Secured landfill site cell wise ❖ Operation of the Secured landfill site ❖ Air pollution control ❖ Monitoring and control ❖ Transportation

10.2 OBJECTIVES The EMP has the following objectives: ❖ Identifying those construction activities that may have a detrimental impact on the environment; ❖ Detailing the mitigation measures that need to be taken, and the procedures for their implementation; ❖ Establishing the reporting system to be undertaken during the construction.

10-191 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

❖ To handle hazardous waste as per the Hazardous & other Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016 and subsequent amendments. ❖ Collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of hazardous waste generated by member industries in environmentally sound manner. ❖ Construction, operation and post closure maintenance of the site without any environmental impact to the surroundings area. ❖ Monitoring and control of the facility operations. ❖ To protect from the accidental hazards ❖ Continuously development and management of hazardous waste in the area ❖ Continuously to provide good working conditions for employee. ❖ To provide funds (budgeting & allocation) for EMP. The EMP also serves to highlight specific requirements that are monitored during the development and should the environmental impacts not have been satisfactory prevented or mitigated; corrective action has to be taken. The EMP should, therefore, be a guideline that assist in minimizing the potential environmental impact of activities. Detailed study was carried out for operational phase aspect, impact and their mitigation measure. Appropriate control measures have been incorporated in the process system to minimize impact on environment and to have smooth operation at the site.

10.3 SECURED LANDFILL For Management of hazardous wastes generated from member industries and to avoid damage to the environment and health of the people in general, as per the Hazardous & other Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016 of Environment Protection Act, 1986, the hazardous waste generated by industries continue to be collected, transported, treated and disposed in a properly designed TSDF Facility.

The different components of HWMS are given below; ❖ Collection ❖ Transportation ❖ Analysis of Hazardous waste ❖ Treatment ❖ Storage and Handling ❖ Disposal

10-192 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

Collection System Manifest system is used for collection and transportation of wastes. For transportation of hazardous waste from members industries, it is collected by dedicated vehicles (Hydraulic). The transportation vehicles for waste continue to be hook loaders or hydraulic dumpers so that manual exposure is avoided. Transportation Transportation of hazardous waste continue to be done as per CPCB Guidelines. All the vehicles continue to be with the nameplate with details of company’s name, address, phone no., etc. During transportation containers is closed from all sides and covered from top to prevent spillage or dusting. The drivers are imparted training. The containers/dumpers are marked with the name of TSDF. Analysis of Hazardous Waste As the dumper enters site weighbridge, samples istaken from three different locations and a composite sample is made. Once the quick test is passed, truck allowed to enter the premises. If any truck does not meet the Hazardous solid waste inlet specification, it is returned to member industry for necessary treatment. Storage As different wastes are received from member industries and their characteristics are also different, Shivalik has created sufficient storage godowns. Shivalik provide storage shade on operational cell during monsoon period. The main operational site is kept covered by tarpaulin with separate rainwater collection system during monsoon. Handling Handling of Hazardous Waste is carried out with utmost care. As the waste is transported through hydraulic dumpers, manual handling is avoided. Moreover, the persons employed at the site are using Personal Protective Equipments like Gum Boots, Gloves, Goggles, Dust Mask, and Helmetetc. All the waste handling like spreading, compaction, coverage is carried out with the help of machinery like JCB / Bulldozer. Disposal The site operations are carried out in a phased manner. Operating area of the landfill is clearlyearmarked and the waste cleared by Quality Control Department isonly disposed off at this area. The hydraulic dumpers are dumping waste mechanically. Once sufficient waste is disposed in the operational area, JCB or Bulldozer is used for spreading and compaction of the waste. The

10-193 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

waste which are not meeting the quick tests, are subjected to appropriate treatment before disposal. The operation of the site is carried out only during daytime. MEMBER UNITS ❖ All the member units’ is required to give the details of the waste generated and the copy of Authorization from PPCB. Each waste category sample to be given to Shivalik for comprehensive analysis. Members units are to ensure that wastes are stored properly and loaded to the dumpers without spillage. ❖ Manifest system for waste disposal and records is maintained. ❖ An appropriate treatment feeis charged. ❖ In case of any accident during transportation, necessary measures are taken to prevent any contamination of environmental.

10.4 SOLAR POWER GENERATION FARMS At TSDF site capped landfill cell can be used for installation of Solar Panel, however at present only first cell is partially capped, hence possibility of developing solar farm shall be explored at much later part of the project period. We have installed 11 nos of solar streetlight in the premises of SSWML site. Total expenses come for this set up has Rs. 2.86 Lac. We have planned to install more solar streetlight in the premises of SSWML site.

10-194 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

10.5 Detailed Environment Management Plan is given below;

TABLE 10-1: ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN DISCIPLINE ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECT MONITORING HAZARD AND ACTION PLAN Implementation Monitoring PARAMETERS SECURED LANDFILL

Loading the Fugitive emission Coverage of the dumper to Site Incharge/Site Site Incharge PM10 & PM2.5 in hazardous prevent dusting Engineer Ambient air. waste in Spillage of waste on -Avoid spillages by careful Site Incharge/Site Soil & Ground dumper the floor handling of the solid waste. Engineer water -Clean the floor regularly and collect the waste & dispose in landfill Leakages/spillages Regular inspection of the Site Incharge/Site Air quality during transportation dumpers and ensuring that Engineer parameter there is no leakage / spillage Provion of finance for any Liability. Health impacts on the -Usage of Hydraulic EHS officer Occupational workers. dumpers/hook loaders to health prevent manual handling Usage of PPEs by all employees -Medical check up – pre employment and routine. TRANSPORTATION Transportatio Littering the waste on -Inspect the dumpers and Site Incharge/Site Air quality n of waste the road ensure that there is no Engineer parameter

10-195 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

DISCIPLINE ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECT MONITORING HAZARD AND ACTION PLAN Implementation Monitoring PARAMETERS leakage/spillage from the vehicle. -Loaded dumpers/trucks with waste should be fully covered. -Impart training to the drivers. -Dumpers/ trucks should be leak proof. Disposal of waste at Manifest System Site Incharge/Site Soil & Ground non designated place. Engineer water quality paraments Contamination of the After loading/ unloading the Soil quality tyres of vehicles waste, tyres is washed and parameters entering landfill area. waste water from washingis sent to MEE for treatment. FINAL DISPOSAL Final disposal Violent reaction/ fire -Strictly follow the waste Site Incharge/Site Air, Ground & of the acceptance criteria. Engineer Soil quality hazardous -Check the characteristcs of paraments waste into the wastes prior to disposal secured in land fill. landfill facility. Excessive leachate -Cover the sub‐cells of the Site Incharge/Site generation in facility with tarpaulin to Engineer monsoonSeason prevent entry of rain water

leachate handling

10-196 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

DISCIPLINE ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECT MONITORING HAZARD AND ACTION PLAN Implementation Monitoring PARAMETERS -close monitoring of the site round‐the‐clock during monsoon Properly designed leachate collection wells. -Daily monitoring of levels in the wells. -Transfer of leachate from the wells to storage for treatment. Blowing away of the -Spray water during summer Site Incharge/Site waste dust with the season Engineer wind ‐Cover the waste layer with fresh soil and compact it. Disposal of waste at -Provide indicators and sign Site Incharge/Site the wrong place in the boards for systematic Engineer premises. operation. MONITORINGACTIVITY (Monitoring activity should continue even after closure of the facility) Water Quality -Ground water -Monitoring groundwater at Site Incharge QA/Chemist Water quality pollution upstream and downstream of parameters -Contamination of the site ground water -Groundwater monitoring surrounding the site as per pre designed plan -Proper barrier systems like impermeable liners, gravity slope and gravel packed

10-197 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

DISCIPLINE ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECT MONITORING HAZARD AND ACTION PLAN Implementation Monitoring PARAMETERS channels are constructed for natural flow of leachate and contact water. -The leachate generated has to be collected in an underground tank from where it can be pumped out to the treatment unit. Thus the chances of ground water contamination can be minimised. Provion of finaces to meet cost of liability. Air Quality Air pollution -Ambient Air Monitoring for Site Incharge QA/Chemist Air quality (Fugitive, Dust and various parameters at the parameters other gaseous site and surroundings. emissions) -Air pollution control devise. -Water sprinklers deployed Stake emissions for water spraying. from D.G. set -Tree plantation around the facility area and along the roads. DG set as per prescribed norms & Chimney hsix. Soil Quality Soil pollution -Soil sampling from various Site Incharge QA/Chemist Soil quality (Project site locations and analysis. parameters undergo a major

10-198 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

DISCIPLINE ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECT MONITORING HAZARD AND ACTION PLAN Implementation Monitoring PARAMETERS transformation -After land filling is complete, during land filling. the liner system consisting of The waste is to be soil cover, HDPE liner and compacted in layers vegetative cover is with proper sloping. immediately constructed to Contamination of avoid any contamination of soil is possible if the soil. lining system is Provision of finances to meet improper. Also cost of liability. littering of the waste while transportation to the disposal facility, blowing of waste particles due to wind shall lead to soil contamination. Spillage of leachate during pumping also lead to soil pollution localized) NOISE Noise pollution -These negative impacts are Site Incharge QA Noise Level (Noise levels during short term. construction phase -Equipment to be kept and is high during maintained in proper operational phase condition to keep the noise due to instrumental level within 75 dB(A). work, increased 10-199 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

DISCIPLINE ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECT MONITORING HAZARD AND ACTION PLAN Implementation Monitoring PARAMETERS truck movement, -Workers is provided with earth movers etc. necessary protective equipment e.g. ear plug, earmuffs. -Provision of green belt and plantation would further help in attenuating noise. TRAFFIC Traffic Impacts Proposed TSDF siteis Site Incharge QA Verification by situated at Nalagarh which observation has well laid roads and connectivity to nearby urban Centres . As there is no much traffic on this road, no traffic overcrowding is expected and the impact is insignificant. SOCIO- Socio-Economic The site selected for the Site Incharge EHS officer ECONOMIC Impacts disposal of hazardous wastes is in barren land, not have any visible adverse impacts on human population as well as lives stock as this site is excluded from any agriculture, ecological sensitive, or animal grazing land.

10-200 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

DISCIPLINE ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECT MONITORING HAZARD AND ACTION PLAN Implementation Monitoring PARAMETERS Moreover, the site is already meant for that purpose. -With the TSDF proposed, there is additional employment opportunities for about 150 persons (Construction phase) and about 15 persons (Operational phase). In general, the project is to have positive environmental impacts by collecting and disposing the hazardous waste in the scientific manner, this reduces the future health hazard. FIRE AND Accidents/disasters -Disaster management plan Site Incharge EHS officer Daily inspections SAFETY related to fire and (DMP) is in place. of the TSDF site safety -A well-laid fire fighting workings as per system and fire the statute is extinguishers is installed as carried out by per fire safety norms. Manager/TSDF -Regular fire safety training site, Safety is conducted. Officer and other -Road/Fire Safety statutory Week/National Safety Day/ Officials. Safety Week Celebrations is

10-201 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

DISCIPLINE ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECT MONITORING HAZARD AND ACTION PLAN Implementation Monitoring PARAMETERS observed to improve the safety consciousness. HEALTH AND Injury -Pre placement and Site Incharge EHS officer Examination SAFETY Periodical medical records, training examination of the TSDF site records. workers. -Use of personal protective equipment. -Shivalikalready continue the health monitoring program for the employees. It should focus especially on workers who are handling the hazardous waste. IMPACT ON No Impact This is setting up of secured - - - AGRICULTURE landfill. The area is a barren AND land without significant LIVESTOCK vegetation. Hence no impact on the agriculture is envisaged. STROM WATER - -Shivalikhas provided Site Incharge QA Precaution is coverage system with strom taken that no water collection and drainage contanimated as per the CPCB guidelines. water goes to -The rainwater go through the drainage the drainage system without system any contamination.

10-202 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

DISCIPLINE ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECT MONITORING HAZARD AND ACTION PLAN Implementation Monitoring PARAMETERS -The rainwater harwesting system is provided based on the technology given by the Center for Science & Environment, New Delhi.

GREEN BELT -Adequate green belt is Site Incharge/Site Contractors Inventory of provided around site. Engineer (CONSTRUCT trees, -Green belt is properly ION/O&M) verification maintained resulting in by observation. formation of a thick canopy of trees around the project site. OPERATION, Contamination of -The site is operated, Site Incharge/Site Contractors Verification MAINTENANCE Environment maintained and closure of Engineer (CONSTRUCT by Observation. AND the facility be done as per ION/O&M) CLOSURE OF approved plan by SPCB and THE FACILITY in accordance with guidelines published by CPCB POST CLOSURE Ambient air quality -Monitoring of ambient air Site Incharge QA/Chemist Air PHASE quality for various Quality/Quarterl parameters y Emission from -Monitoring of vents for HCs Site Incharge QA/Chemist Air landfill vents / VOCs, monthly Quality/Quarterl y

10-203 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

DISCIPLINE ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECT MONITORING HAZARD AND ACTION PLAN Implementation Monitoring PARAMETERS Leachate -Sampling and analysis of Site Incharge QA/Chemist Leachate generation leachate for various Characteristic/Q parameters, monthly uarterly -Treatment of generated leachate in Multiple Effect Evaporator Groundwater Monitoring of groundwater Site Incharge QA/Chemist Groundwater monitoring analysis once in a month, upstream and downstream Soil contamination Monitoring of soil samples Site Incharge QA/Chemist Soil quality parameters/Qua rterly Stability of the Regular inspection and Site Incharge/ Site Contractors Verification landfill maintenance of the coverage Engineer (CONSTRUCT by Observation system ION/O&M)

10-204 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

TABLE 10-2: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COST S.NO TITLE CAPITAL RECURRING COST in Lacs COST in lacs

1. Monitoring of Air, Water, Soil, Noise etc 4.0

2. Green belt development (Plantation) 5.0

3. Occupational Health Measures Provision of PPE, 7.0 First Aid and other miscellaneous expenditure.

4. Corpus fund as per “Guidelines on Implementing Insurance Premium of Liabilities for Environmental Damages due to Policy/ corpus insurance policy Handling & Disposal of Hazardous Waste and fund. Penalty “

5. Special Contingency Policy 225666 6. Standard Fire & Special Perils Policy 48395

7. Public Liability Act Policy 46650

Total 1920711

HAZARDOUS WASTE MINIMIZATION Shivalik has adopted waste minimization practices to conserve resources and energy. One of the major aspects in the hazardous waste minimization is that it should be tackled at the generators’ end. Once waste is generated, it is to be either recovered and reused; or treated and disposed of. Shivalik works out recycling options of various hazardous wastes generated by the industries, so that some of the wastes can be utilized. Waste having high calorific value is being sent for co processing in cement kilns, paint sludge to primer recycling and than to authorized recycler.

10-205 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

11 SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd. (SSWML) is promoted by Industries of Baddi, Barotiwala Nalagarh in Himachal Pradesh to execute the Secured Landfill Project in 2005. The company has successfully developed the secured landfill in accordance to the statutory norms at Dabhota, near Village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh. The company has been getting continuous guidance and support from various agencies like Ministry of Environment and Forests; Central Pollution Control Board; Himachal Pradesh Pollution Control Board and Baddi, Barotiwala, Nalagarh Industrial Association (BBNIA). In order to have continued facility for the disposal of hazardous waste in an environment friendly manner, the ShivaliK Solid waste Management Ltd proposes for capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) by 10 Lacs MT at existing Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility (TSDF). The Proposed project, capacity enhancement of secured landfill facility at existing TSDF site, falls under Category A, schedule 7(d) of the EIA notification, dated 14th Sep 2006 due to its location within 5 Km of interstate boundary with Punjab. As a part of above process, an application (Form-1 along with Pre-Feasibility Report) for approval of TOR for EIA Study was submitted to MoEF & CC. The project was considered by the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) its Meeting held on dated 29th-31st October 2018. Accordingly, TOR was approved vide letter no. 10-73/2018-IA-III dated 30-12-2018. (Copy of TOR is attached as Annexure-I). 11.1 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT TABLE 11-1: SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT S. No Parameters Description 1 Identification of Projects of activity; TSDF is listed at Sr No 7 (d) as per EIA project Notification dated 14thSeptember 2006 Project falls under Category “A” due to Interstate boundary of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab falls within 4.8 km radius from the project site 2 Project Proponent Ashok Sharma, CEO, M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.Village-Majra, P.O. Dabhota, Tehsil Nalagarh, Distt. Solan, Himachal Pradesh - 174101 Phone/Telefax: 01795-260427, 260227

11-206 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

S. No Parameters Description 3 Brief description of As per the Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and nature of the project Trans boundary Movement) Rules, 2016, notified under Environment Protection Act, 1986, the hazardous waste generated by industries must be collected, transported, treated and disposed in a properly designed TSDF Facility. Further, CPCB guidelines have laid down a procedure for collection, storage, transportation and disposal of hazardous wastes in a properly designed landfill site. The present proposal is Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill by 10 lac MT at existing Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities (TSDF) at Village Majra, Post Office Dabhota, Tehsil Nalagarh, Distt. Solan, Himachal Pradesh-174101. 4 Salient Features of the Project 4.1 Proposed plant Existing Capacity of Secured Landfill of TSDF is capacity 10 Lac MT Proposed Enhancement capacity of Secured Landfill Facility of TSDF: 10 Lac MT. 4.2 Total Plot Area 35 Acre 4.3 Location The project is located at 31°04'36.99"N 76°38'04.08"E Village-Majra, P.O. Dabhota, Tehsil Nalagarh, Distt Solan, Himachal Pradesh – 174101 4.4 Water requirement Maximum water consumption be total 20 KLD. 4.5 Source of water Maximum water consumption is 20 KLD. 15KLD is available from underground bore well and 5 KLD made available from Rainwater Harvesting for industrial purpose. 4.6 Wastewater Leachate / Effluent from washing be treated in the existing Multiple Effect Evaporator (MEE) plant. 4.7 Manpower Presently, 80 workers are working in the unit. There is no need for more personnel for proposed expansion. 4.8 Electricity/ The power requirement is 373 KW. In case of power failure, 1 Power requirement D.G. Set of100 KVA capacity is available to fulfil the requirement. 4.9 Alternative site Expansion will be done within existing premises; Hence alternative site is not required. 4.10 Landform, Land use The project is proposed to be located in available land within and land ownership premises of TSDF located at Village Majra, Nalagarh, HP. 5.0 Conclusion The estimated cost of the Project for expansion is Rs. 5 crores.

11-207 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

S. No Parameters Description M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd. shall be an important endeavor to mitigate the degradation of environment in the region.

11.2 PROJECT DETAILS The proposal is for Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill by 10 lac MT at existing Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities (TSDF) at Village Majra, Post Office Dabhota, Tehsil Nalagarh, Distt. Solan, Himachal Pradesh - 174101. The Proposed project is capacity enhancement of secured landfill facility at existing TSDF site, falls under Category A, schedule 7(d) of the EIA notification, dated 14th September 2006 due to its location within 10 Km of interstate boundary of Himachal Pradesh with Punjab attracting general condition. 11.3 BASELINE CONDITIONS The baseline study of the existing environmental conditions of the project site and of its close vicinity has been established with respect to physical, biological and socio-economic environment. The air quality of the area meets the prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The background noise levels were also found well within the standards. The quality of ground water was assessed by taking samples and analyzed as per CPCB guidelines. The ground water quality was also found well within the standards. No forest land is falling in the study area. In addition to that there is no sensitive ecosystem in the vicinity. No rehabilitation and resettlement issue are emerging with the selected project site. Air & Water At TSDF site, fugitive emission& odour generated while spreading waste at land fill is controlled through covering the waste with inert material, water spray in landfill facility For emission of landfill gases, vent is provided in Landfill (capped cells) and monitoring of these vents is alsoto be carried out. Emissions from DG set containing PM, SO2 and NOX within permissible limit is let-out through stack. Leachate coming out in the form of liquid waste is evaporated in the MEE facility. Solid & Hazardous Waste Generations and Disposal System As this is a Hazardous Solid Waste Disposal Facility, there is no hazardous waste generation from land filling facility. However, the residue from MEE after treatment of leachate is disposed in the landfill.

11-208 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at

village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

The waste from laboratory generated from remaining samples of hazardous waste is disposed after appropriate treatment. Spillage of waste during transportation & during unloading operation is prevented not to contaminate soil/ land. Noise level and control system The source of noise pollution at site is vehicles, D.G. set etc. Preventive maintenance is carried out to reduce noise generation at source to the permissible limit. However, at place where noise levels can exceed the permissible limit, Ear plugs, and Earmuffs is provided to those working in such area. Details of Greenbelt Total 35-acre land area is available at site; out of this area about 35% area is covered as green belt and other forms of greenery. 11.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Various impacts identified in the study area due to project activities, some negative and some positive. The impacts are caused by the construction activities as well as by the handling, treatment and disposal of hazardous waste during the operation phases. Various impacts identified are mitigated by proper preventive &control measures to prevent further deterioration of environment. Environmental Monitoring Programs is in place to monitor the implementation of the environmental management plan to ensure the mitigations of adverse impacts. The following measures are proposed based on the environmental impact assessment, which are to be implemented. ✓ The impact related activities include the construction phase. Systems of periodic auditing and reporting are adopted during the construction period to ensure that the contractors adhere to the EMP. ✓ The construction team/developer shall effectively follow the suggestions made in the EMP and/or any other environmental measures so as not to damage the environment of the project area. ✓ During operation, outmost care is taken to prevent spillage of hazardous waste, during transportation, and within plant area to check contamination of soil. ✓ Areas of temporary storage is paved & maintained to prevent contamination of land and ground water and storage facility is in covered shed with proper ventilation to prevent odour problem & buildup of VOCs.

11-209 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

✓ Regular collection of leacheat & its treatment at MEE. ✓ The project proponent must keep themselves updated with respect to applicable laws and take appropriate actions in case the provisions in some regulations undergo change. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COST S.NO TITLE CAPITAL COST RECURRING COST in Lacs in lacs

1. Monitoring of Air, Water, Soil, Noise etc 4.0

2. Green belt development (Plantation) 5.0

3. Occupational Health Measures Provision 7.0 of PPE, First Aid and other miscellaneous expenditure. 4. Corpus fund as per “Guidelines on Insurance Policy/ Premium of Implementing Liabilities for Environmental corpus fund. insurance policy Damages due to Handling & Disposal of Hazardous Waste and Penalty “

5. Special Contingency Policy 225666 6. Standard Fire & Special Perils Policy 48395 7. Public Liability Act Policy 46650 Total 1920711

The Project Proponent is further committed to ensure the compliances as follows: A. To take care of waste gases, wastewater, noise and solid waste as per guidelines of MOEF, CPCB and HPPCB. B. To additionally expand and develop green area inside the factory premises. C. To encourage water conservation through water re-use and re-cycling. D. To provide qualified safety officer to build an emergency preparedness and to implement suitable measures to prevent and control an accident hazard. E. To organize frequent mock drill exercises to check the preparedness towards emergency. F. To comply with the various regulations issued by MOEF, CPCB and HPPCB in respect of Collection, Transportation, Storage and Disposal of hazardous waste.

11-210 SSWML Final EIA of Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) from 10 to 20 lacs MT in TSDF site located at village Majra, Tehsil Nalagarh, Dist Solan, Himachal Pradesh proposed by M/s. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd.

12 DISCLOSURE OF THE CONSULTANT M/s Shivalik Solid Waste Management Limited has carried out Environmental Impact Assessment study and Ind Tech House Consult has validiated the report of the Proposed “Capacity Enhancement of Secured Landfill Facility (SLF) From 10 to 20 Lacs Mt at Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility (TSDF) by M/S. Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd” . TABLE 12.1 CONSULTANCY DETAIL Name of the M/s. ShivalikSolid Waste Management Ltd. Consultancy Company Address Registered Office: Village-Majra, P.O. Dabhota, Tehsil Kerala, Distt. Solan, Himachal Pradesh - 174101 Phone/Telefax: 01795-260427, 260227

Zirakpur Office: SCO 20-21, 2nd Floor, Near Hotel Dolphin, Baltana, Zirakpur Punjab- 140604 Phone/Telefax: 01762 – 509496 E-mail Address infoShivalik [email protected] [email protected]

Website www.shivalik.net Nature of Services Treatment, Storage & Disposal Facility, EIA Consultancy, Environmental, Health & Safety Auditing, EMS, Environmental Monitoring & Laboratory Analytical Services, Wastewater Management, Energy Audit, Greens Concept Development, etc.

Shivalik Solid Waste Management Limited is offering high quality technical services in the field of EIA, Environment, Health & Safety (EHS), and Environmental Monitoring & Laboratory Analytical Services etc. SSWML is supported by distinguished professionals, engineers, scientists etc. SSWML Professionals have excellent experience in executing EIA and other environmental projects.

For Environmental Monitoring related work has been conducted by in-house laboratory at SSWML approved by the MoEF& CC under EPA and accredited by NABL. Following experts are associated for EIA and Environmental projects.

This report has been validiated by Ind Tech House Consult with all reasonable skill, care, and diligence.

12-211 SSWML