COUNCIL OF Brussels, 3 October 2005 THE EUROPEAN UNION
12192/05
LIMITE
FAUXDOC 9 COMIX 566
NOTE From: General Secretariat To: Working Party on Frontiers / False Documents - Mixed Committee (EU - Iceland, Norway and Switzerland) Subject: Information concerning identity and travel documents used by children
Delegations find below the replies from the Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Slovenia, Slovakia, Finland, Sweden, the United Kingdom and Iceland, to the questionnaire annexed to doc. 11333/05, FAUXDOC 7, COMIX 483.
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Questionnaire on identity and travel documents used by children
Country:
1. What documents are issued to children (persons under 18 years of age) that are regarded as acceptable identity documents?
2. Are all of these documents also valid for travel purposes both within and outside of the EU?
3. What are the validity periods of such documents?
4. Do they all meet normal travel document requirements, i.e. they are secure government issued documents confirming the identity and nationality of the holder and bear a photograph or image of the holder?
5. Are there restrictions on their use without accompanying parents or guardians?
6. Are all citizens required to hold separate passports, including children?
7. If not, what are the documents that children can be added to and what are the legal provisions for this?
8. Are children allowed to travel on an adult's passport in which they are included without the accompanying adult?
9. When children travel on their own, or with only one parent, do they need in addition to their travel document any other written authorization or any other document from their parents?
10. If so, what form must this authorization take (e.g. legalized or on a special form)?
11. Is this authorization required depending on the type of travel document (e.g. ID card or passport)?
12. Is this authorization only required from your own nationals or also from nationals of third countries residing on your territory?
______CZECH REPUBLIC
1. What documents are issued to children (persons under 18 years of age) that are
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regarded as acceptable identity documents?
Travel documents and Identity Card. Travel documents can be issued to everyone no matter how old the person is. Everyone who is older than 15 has to have an identity card. Identity card can not be issued to a person younger than 15.
2. Are all of these documents also valid for travel purposes both within and outside of the EU?
Travel documents are valid for travel to all countries. Identity card is valid only within the EU, Iceland, Norway, Lichtenstein and Switzerland.
3. What are the validity periods of such documents?
Validity of travel documents - 10 years (adults), 2 years (children under 15). Validity of ID cards - 5 years in case of persons between 15 – 20 years of age, 10 years in case of persons over 20 years of age.
4. Do they all meet normal travel document requirements, i.e. they are secure government issued documents confirming the identity and nationality of the holder and bear a photograph or image of the holder?
Yes, they do. They are identical to documents issued to adults.
5. Are there restrictions on their use without accompanying parents or guardians?
There are no restrictions.
6. Are all citizens required to hold separate passports, including children?
No, children younger than 15 can be included into parent's passport.
7. If not, what are the documents that children can be added to and what are the legal provisions for this?
Czech legislation: children younger than 15 can be added to parent's ordinary, service, diplomatic and emergency passports. They can also be added to parent's identity card. Only children younger than 15 can travel abroad without separate passport.
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CZECH REPUBLIC
8. Are children allowed to travel on an adult's passport in which they are included without the accompanying adult?
No.
9. When children travel on their own, or with only one parent, do they need in addition to their travel document any other written authorization or any other document from their parents?
No, they do not need it.
10. If so, what form must this authorization take (e.g. legalized or on a special form)?
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11. Is this authorization required depending on the type of travel document (e.g. ID card or passport)?
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12. Is this authorization only required from your own nationals or also from nationals of third countries residing on your territory?
No. This authorization is not required from our own nationals nor from nationals of third countries.
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DENMARK
1. What documents are issued to children (persons under 18 years of age) that are regarded as acceptable identity documents?
Passport.
2. Are all of these documents also valid for travel purposes both within and outside of the EU?
Yes.
3. What are the validity periods of such documents?
2 years for children aged from 0-2 years old. 5 years for children aged from 2-18 years old.
4. Do they all meet normal travel document requirements, i.e. they are secure government issued documents confirming the identity and nationality of the holder and bear a photograph or image of the holder?
Yes.
5. Are there restrictions on their use without accompanying parents or guardians?
No.
6. Are all citizens required to hold separate passports, including children?
No, a citizen only needs to apply for a passport, if he or she needs one.
7. If not, what are the documents that children can be added to and what are the legal provisions for this?
As from 01.10.2004 Denmark has adopted the principle of “one person, one passport”.
Before this date children could be added to parents and other closely related persons passports. Including required consent from the holder of the custody.
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DENMARK
8. Are children allowed to travel on an adult's passport in which they are included without the accompanying adult?
No.
9. When children travel on their own, or with only one parent, do they need in addition to their travel document any other written authorization or any other document from their parents?
No.
10. If so, what form must this authorization take (e.g. legalized or on a special form)?
11. Is this authorization required depending on the type of travel document (e.g. ID card or passport)?
12. Is this authorization only required from your own nationals or also from nationals of third countries residing on your territory?
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GERMANY
1. What documents are issued to children (person under 18 years of age) that are regarded as acceptable identity documents?
(a) Identity card (from age of 16) (b) Children's passport (issued since 1 January 2005) (c) Children's identity document (issued up to the age of 16) The children's identity document can continue to be used until 31 December 2005 or be extended. Its validity would then run until 30 December 2015. (d) Passport from age 16 (For travel to countries which do not recognise the German children's identity document, children under 16 are also issued with a passport). (e) Travel document in lieu of passport
2. Are all of these documents also valid for travel purposes both within and outside of the EU?
The documents are valid for all countries provided they do not impose any restrictions on the validity. Their acceptance may however be limited by the entry requirements of the country of destination.
3. What are the validity periods of such documents?
(a) 5 years (b) + (c) Children's passports and identity cards are valid for children up to the age of 10 for children over 10 and up to the age of 16 (d) 5 years (e) Validity is limited to the period of travel, up to a maximum of one month.
4. Do they all meet normal travel document requirements, i.e. they are secure government issued documents confirming the identity and nationality of the holder and bear a photograph or image of the holder?
(a) Identity cards are only issued with photographs. (b)+(c) Children's passports/identity cards are generally issued without photographs for children under 10 and with photographs for children over 10. If other States demand photographs for children under 10, one can be attached. (d) Passports are only issued with photographs. (e) Travel documents in lieu of passports are issued without photographs.
All the documents listed are only issued to German nationals whose identity is established.
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GERMANY
5. Are there restrictions on their use without accompanying parents or guardians?
In Germany there are normally no restrictions preventing a child from travelling abroad alone.
6. Are all citizens required to hold separate passports, including children?
Germans who have reached the age of 16 are obliged to hold an identity card. There is no obligation to hold a children's identity card or children's passport.
7. If not, what are the documents that children can be added to and what are the legal provisions for this?
A child under 16 who does not hold any of the above documents can be included in or added to a parent's passport. If other States demand that passports contain photographs of children included in them, the photographs can be attached to a blank page in the passport.
If more than one child and photograph is included, the name and first name must be entered under each photograph.
8. Are children allowed to travel on an adult's passport in which they are included without the accompanying adult?
In Germany there are no restrictions preventing a child travelling alone on a parent's passport.
9. When children travel on their own, or with only one parent, do they need in addition to their travel document any other written authorisation or any other document from their parents?
See reply to question 8.
10. If so, what form must this authorisation take (e.g. legalised or on a special form)?
N/A
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GERMANY
11. Is this authorisation required depending on the type of travel document (e.g. ID card or passport)?
N/A
12. Is this authorisation only required from your own nationals or also from nationals of third countries residing on your territory?
N/A
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GREECE
1. What documents are issued to children (persons under 18 years of age) that are regarded as acceptable identity documents?
Common passports and ID cards (upper 14 years old) for EU level.
2. Are all of these documents also valid for travel purposes both within and outside of the EU?
Only passport.
3. What are the validity periods of such documents?
Passports 1 to 5 years according to the consensus of the parents.
4. Do they all meet normal travel document requirements, i.e. they are secure government issued documents confirming the identity and nationality of the holder and bear a photograph or image of the holder?
Yes.
5. Are there restrictions on their use without accompanying parents or guardians?
No.
6. Are all citizens required to hold separate passports, including children?
All citizens required to hold separate passports. Children can also travel with family passport.
7. If not, what are the documents that children can be added to and what are the legal provisions for this?
When children have no separate passport, they have to travel with their parent holder of the (family) passport.
8. Are children allowed to travel on an adult's passport in which they are included without the accompanying adult?
No.
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GREECE
9. When children travel on their own, or with only one parent, do they need in addition to their travel document any other written authorization or any other document from their parents?
Yes.
10. If so, what form must this authorization take (e.g. legalized or on a special form)?
Special form.
11. Is this authorization required depending on the type of travel document (e.g. ID card or passport)?
No.
12. Is this authorization only required from your own nationals or also from nationals of third countries residing on your territory?
Only required from our own nationals.
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ITALY
1. What documents are issued to children (person under 18 years of age) that are regarded as acceptable identity documents?
a) valid passport of the Italian Republic; b) official identity card of the Italian Republic for children more 15 years of age; c) birth certificate with photograph, stamped by the police for children under 15 years of age; d) personal identity card issued to state officials and their family.
2. Are all of these documents also valid for travel purposes both within and outside of the EU?
Yes within the EU, except passport also valid outside of the EU.
3. What are the validity periods of such documents?
a) passport validity period is 10 years; b) identity card validity period is 5 years; c) birth certificate with photograph for children under 15 years of age is valid 5 years; d) personal identity card issued to State officials and their family is valid 5 years with the possibility of renewal after first 5 years.
4. Do they all meet normal travel document requirements, i.e. they are secure government issued documents confirming the identity and nationality of the holder and bear a photograph or image of the older?
Yes.
5. Are there restrictions on their use without accompanying parents or guardians?
a) children with passport and birth certificate with photograph must be accompanied by parents or guardians; b) children with identity card do not need to be accompanied by parents or guardians;
6. Are all citizens required to hold separate passports, including children?
No.
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ITALY
7. If not, what are the documents that children can be added to and what are the legal provisions for this?
Children under 16 years of age may be included on parents passport (Law n. 1185/1967).
8. Are children allowed to travel on an adult’s passport in which they are included without the accompanying adult?
No.
9. When children travel on their own, or with only one parent, do they need in addition to their travel document any other written authorization or any other document from their parents?
They need a written authorization from their parents.
10. If so, what form must this authorization take (e.g. legalized or on a special form)?
A special form available at police offices.
11. Is this authorization required depending on the type of travel document (e.g. ID card or passport)?
It is not necessary for children who have ID card.
12. Is this authorization only required from your own nationals or also from nationals of third countries residing on your territory?
Only from our own nationals.
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CYPRUS
1. What documents are issued to children (person under 18 years of age) that are regarded as acceptable identity documents?
Children completing the 12th year of age in three months time must be presented at the registration authority for identity card. The issuing validity of the identity card for persons between 12 and 18 years of age is 5 years, whereas for persons above the age of 18 the validity is 10 years.
The validity of passports is 10 years except those issued to persons up to 18 years of age which are valid for 5 years and can be renewed for another 5 years.
2. Are all of these documents also valid for travel purposes both within and outside of the EU?
Passports are valid for travel to all countries. The new version of the Cyprus identity card is valid only for travel in the EU.
3. What are the validity periods of such documents?
The issuing validity of identity cards for persons between 12 and 18 years of age is 5 years, whereas for persons above the age of 18 the validity is 10 years.
The validity of passports is 10 years expect those issued to persons up to 18 years of age which are valid for 5 years and can be renewed for another 5.
Persons (males) between 15-18 years of age who have not completed their military duties are given passports of limited time duration and their validity is stated by the Director in cooperation with the Defense Ministry.
4. Do they all meet normal travel document requirements, i.e. they are secure government issued documents confirming the identity and nationality of the holder and bear a photograph or image of the older?
Yes, Cyprus passport and new version of Cyprus identity card meet normal travel requirements, they are secure government issued documents confirming the identity and nationality and both bear a photograph of the holder.
5. Are there restrictions on their use without accompanying parents or guardians?
Yes, a passport including particulars of the holder’s children is not available for the children’s use when they are travelling alone.
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CYPRUS
6. Are all citizens required to hold separate passports, including children?
Children can have their own passports. All citizens are not required to hold separate passports.
Children before the age of 12 can be included in the parents passport and when parents accompany children, then children can travel on the same passport.
7. If not, what are the documents that children can be added to and what are the legal provisions for this?
Children before the age of 12 years can be added to parents passports and they can travel with passport when the parents accompany the children.
Children added to a passport cannot travel alone. Children can travel if the passport holder accompanies them.
8. Are children allowed to travel on an adult’s passport in which they are included without the accompanying adult?
No, children included on the adult’s passport are not allowed to travel without the accompanying adult (parent).
9. When children travel on their own, or with only one parent, do they need in addition to their travel document any other written authorization or any other document from their parents?
Children in this case need a written authorization only if there is a problem between the parents and there may be a need for appropriate Court decision.
10. If so, what form must this authorization take (e.g. legalized or on a special form)?
This authorization must be a Court order after application by the lawyer.
11. Is this authorization required depending on the type of travel document (e.g. ID card or passport)?
Yes, this authorization is required when a passport is going to be used.
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CYPRUS
12. Is this authorization only required from your own nationals or also from nationals of third countries residing on your territory?
This authorization is required only for our nationals.
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LATVIA
1. What documents are issued to children (persons under 18 years of age) that are regarded as acceptable identity documents?
Depending on a person’s legal status, as acceptable identity documents, Latvia issues to children citizen passports, non-citizen passports, diplomatic passports, tateless person travel documents, refugee travel documents, identification certificates for persons granted subsidiary protection in Latvia and identification certificates for persons granted temporary protection in Latvia.
2. Are all of these documents also valid for travel purposes both within and outside of the EU?
All of the above-listed documents except two - identification certificates for persons granted subsidiary protection in Latvia and identification certificates for persons granted temporary protection in Latvia - are also valid for travel purposes both within and outside the EU.
3. What are the validity periods of such documents?
Regarding citizen passports and non-citizen passports: – for persons under the age of 5 years documents with a validity period of 1 year are issued, or with a validity period corresponding to the travel time period if it is estimated to be longer than 1 year; – for persons from the age of 5 to 20 years documents with a validity period of 5 years are issued;
Regarding travel documents of stateless persons – the validity period of the document is 2 years irrespective of the person’s age (however, the validity period may be shorter).
As regards to refugee travel documents: - for persons under the age of 5 years the validity period of the document is 2 years; - From the age of 5 a document with a validity period of 2 years is issued. At the end of this period the validity of the travel document may be extended for one year (the document validity may not be extended more than 4 times).
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LATVIA
4. Do they all meet normal travel document requirements, i.e. they are secure government issued documents confirming the identity and nationality of the holder and bear a photograph or image of the holder?
Yes, they are secure government issued documents bearing an image and confirming the identity of the holder. All travel documents except non-citizen passports and stateless persons' passports confirm the nationality of the holder.
5. Are there restrictions on their use without accompanying parents or guardians?
When crossing the State border without accompanying parents or guardians, a child permanently residing in the Republic of Latvia who has the nationality of the Republic of Latvia besides a valid travel document at the State border crossing location shall also present the notarially certified consent of at least one parent or guardian to the child’s independent departure from the State, as well as:
– the child’s birth certificate or a notarially certified copy of it if the consent has been given by both parents or one of them; or – a notarially certified copy of the guardian’s certificate issued by the Orphan's court (Parish court) or a decision regarding establishment of guardianship if the consent has been given by the guardian.
For a child accompanied by an authorized person to cross the State border a notarially certified authorization by at least one parent or guardian shall be presented at the State border crossing location confirming the consent to the child’s exit from the State accompanied by this authorized person, as well as:
– the child’s birth certificate or a notarially certified copy of it, if the authorization has been given by one parent or both parents; or – a notarially certified copy of the guardian’s certificate issued by the Orphan's court (Parish court) or a decision regarding establishment of guardianship, if the authorization has been given by the guardian.
If one of the child’s parents is an alien or a stateless person, a notarially certified consent of the other parent to the independent exit of the child from the State shall be necessary for crossing the State border, or State’s authorization for the exit of the child accompanied by the authorized person.
6. Are all citizens required to hold separate passports, including children?
Yes, all citizens including children are required to hold separate passports when going abroad.
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LATVIA
7. If not, what are the documents that children can be added to and what are the legal provisions for this?
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8. Are children allowed to travel on an adult's passport in which they are included without the accompanying adult?
No, each child has to hold its own valid travel document.
9. When children travel on their own, or with only one parent, do they need in addition to their travel document any other written authorization or any other document from their parents?
When crossing the State border without accompanying parents, a child permanently residing in the Republic of Latvia who has the nationality of the Republic of Latvia besides a valid travel document at the State border crossing location shall also present a notarially certified consent of at least one parent to the child’s independent departure from the State, as well as the child’s birth certificate or its notarially certified copy.
For a child to cross the State border accompanied by one parent the following shall be presented at the State border crossing location:
– a valid travel document of the parent with an entry regarding the relationship of the child to the parent accompanying the child; – the child’s birth certificate or its notarially certified copy, if in the travel document of the parent accompanying the child there is no entry regarding relationship with the child;
If the parent who accompanies the child is an alien or a stateless person, a notarially certified consent of the other parent to the child’s departure from the State shall be necessary for crossing the State border. This consent is not required when the parent accompanying the child is the only one exercising parental authority over the child and can present documentary evidence confirming the fact.
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LATVIA
10. If so, what form must this authorization take (e.g. legalized or on a special form)?
The authorization for the child to leave the State shall have notarial certification of the Republic of Latvia.
11. Is this authorization required depending on the type of travel document (e.g. ID card or passport)?
No, since the passport is the only type of travel document Latvia issues. At the moment Latvia does not issue any travel documents (nor identity documents) in form of an ID card.
12. Is this authorization only required from your own nationals or also from nationals of third countries residing on your territory?
Authorization is required only from nationals of Latvia. If the only parent child is a national of an other country no such authorization bearing the consent of this parent is required.
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LITHUANIA
1. What documents are issued to children (persons under the age of 18) that are regarded as acceptable identity documents?
ID cards and passports (for traveling outside the EU).
2. Are all these documents also valid for travel purposes both within and outside the EU?
ID card is valid for traveling inside the EU, passport - outside the EU.
3. What are the validity periods of such documents?
The validity of ID card issued for children under the age of 5 is maximum 5 years, for children under 16 – max 5, for those who are over 16 ID - 10 years. The validity of passport issued for children under the age of 5 is maximum 5 years, for children under 18 – max 5, for those who are over 18 - 10 years.
4. Do they all meet normal travel document requirements, i.e. they are secure government issued documents confirming the identity and nationality of the holder and bear a photograph or image of the holder?
Yes, these documents are the same as issued to adults.
5. Are there restrictions on their use without accompanying parents or guardians?
Yes, there are, if the child travels with one of the parents or without them.
6. Are all citizens required to hold separate passports, including children?
All citizens of Lithuania over 16 must bear an ID card. Passport is not mandatory.
7. If not, what are the documents that children can be added to and what are the legal provisions for this?
Refer to question no 1. The provisions are very close to those for adults.
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LITHUANIA
8. Are children allowed to travel on an adult's passport in which they are included without the accompanying adult?
There is no possibility to include a child in an adult’s passport.
9. When children travel on their own, or with only one parent, do they need in addition to their travel document any other written authorization or any other document from their parents?
In such cases they need special written authorization from the other parent or parents or Child’s rights protection service or from Court.
10. If so, what form must this authorization take (e.g. legalized or on a special form)?
Special written authorization from parents must be certified by a notary public. There are no special forms approved.
11. Is this authorization required depending on the type of travel document (e.g. ID card or passport)?
No, it is not.
12. Is this authorization only required from your own nationals or also from nationals of third countries residing on your territory?
This authorization is required only from Lithuanian nationals who leave Lithuania temporally.
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HUNGARY
1. What documents are issued to children (persons under 18 years of age) that are regarded as acceptable identity documents?
Documents issued to children regarded as acceptable identity documents include the valid Hungarian passport, he valid Hungarian permanent ID card (issued over the age of 14) and the valid card-format Hungarian driving licence (persons under 18 years of age can obtain driving licences for certain national and international categories specified in the relevant national legislation). For persons under 14 years of age, the student card is also suitable for establishing identity.
2. Are all of these documents also valid for travel purposes both within and outside of the EU?
No, the driving licences and student cards cannot be used for travel purposes to another Member State or third country. Only passports are valid for travel purposes both within and outside the EU. Hungarian permanent ID cards can only be used for travel purposes inside the EU. The use of these ID cards for travel purposes outside the EU can only happen in case of bilateral agreements with third countries. Driving licenses cannot be used for travel purposes.
3. What are the validity periods of such documents?
The validity period of private passports is 2 years under the age of 4 and 5 years between the age of 4-18. Permanent ID cards have a validity period of 6 years under the age of 20, and 10 years over the age of 20.
4. Do they all meet normal travel document requirements, i.e. they are secure government issued documents confirming the identity and nationality of the holder and bear a photograph or image of the holder?
Yes, both the passports and the card-format Hungarian permanent ID cards are centrally issued category “A” secure documents i.e. documents that are protected in all elements against total or partial forgery by means of chemical, technical, technological and administrative processes used jointly. Passports and ID cards bear the image of the holder and confirm the holder’s identity and nationality. (Passports are issued to Hungarian citizens only, whereas ID cards are also issued to persons who have immigrated and recognized as refugees.)
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HUNGARY
5. Are there restrictions on their use without accompanying parents or guardians?
No such restrictions, but both parents have the right to cancel their written authorization which is required to be attached to the children’s passport request at any time without any commentary. This case the children’s passports are withdrawn by the passport authority.
6. Are all citizens required to hold separate passports, including children?
Hungarian passports are issued on request, and all citizens, including children, need to hold separate passports.
7. If not, what are the documents that children can be added to and what are the legal provisions for this?
None.
8. Are children allowed to travel on an adult's passport in which they are included without the accompanying adult?
As indicated above, children also have to hold separate passports and they are not allowed to travel on an adult’s passport.
9. When children travel on their own, or with only one parent, do they need in addition to their travel document any other written authorization or any other document from their parents?
No additional written authorization is needed in addition to the passport when children travel on their own. Hungarian law only regulates, that during the issuing procedure, the written authorization of the parents has to be attached to the children’s passport request. Once the passport is issued, the children are allowed to travel freely without restrictions and additional authorization.
10. If so, what form must this authorization take (e.g. legalised or on a special form)?
No authorization is required.
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HUNGARY
11. Is this authorization required depending on the type of travel document (e.g. ID card or passport)?
No authorization is required.
12. Is this authorization only required from your own nationals or also from nationals of third countries residing on your territory?
No authorization is required.
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MALTA
1. What documents are issued to children (persons under 18 years of age) that are regarded as acceptable identity documents?
Both Maltese passports and identity cards are issued to children under 18 years of age and both documents can be used for the purpose of identification. With regard to the Identity Cards, the Electoral Office issues Identity Cards to all persons over the age of 14 years as required by law (Article 3 of the Identity Card Act (Cap. 258)).
2. Are all of these documents also valid for travel purposes both within and outside of the EU?
Apart from passports, Maltese nationals can also use identity cards to travel to EU Member States since these are acceptable for travel between these States and EEA States. It should be ascertained that the travellers with the Maltese national identity cards must be Maltese nationals. Therefore, only identity cards with the suffix (M), (G), (L) and (H) are considered as valid Maltese travel documents. With regard to identity cards with the suffix (P), these will also be valid for travel if the holders are Maltese, as can be checked from the identity card itself in the place were nationality is entered.
With regard to Identity Cards, minors are only permitted to travel to EU Member States using their ID Cards: a. if they are accompanied by BOTH parents or b. if they are in possession of a written consent from BOTH parents that the minor may travel abroad, provided also that the written consent is confirmed to be authentic by BOTH parents.
With regard to Passports, Maltese passports are normally valid for travel to all countries. However, entry into certain countries may also require the obtaining of a visa as per immigration law or regulations of that country.
3. What are the validity periods of such documents?
Identity Cards: The validity period, which in reality is an expiry date, of all ID Cards depends on the locality of residence, i.e. each Local Council has a particular date during which the ID Cards pertaining to that Council expire. Furthermore, ID cards issued to persons under the age of 16 years cease to be valid upon the 16th birthday of the holder, whilst ID Cards issued to persons under the age of 18 years cease to be valid upon the 18th birthday of the holder (Article 3(2)of the Issue and Validity of Identity Cards Regulations (SL258/01)).
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MALTA
Passports: Passports issued to minors who have not attained their 10th birthday are valid for 2 years Passports issued to minors from 10 to 15 years of age are valid for 5 years Passports issued to minors from 16 years of age and over are valid for 10 years. (Article 9 of the Passports Regulations (SL61/02)). Passports may also be issued to minors for a restricted period as ordered by the Maltese Courts of Law. Passports may be invalidated, withdrawn or cancelled at any time by the passport authorities. (Article 7 of the Passports Regulations (SL61/02)).
4. Do they all meet normal travel document requirements, i.e. they are secure government issued documents confirming the identity and nationality of the holder and bear a photograph or image of the holder?
With regard to Identity Cards, all Identity Cards are secure government issued documents confirming the identity and nationality of the holder and bear an image of the holder.
With regard to Passports, Maltese Passports are secure government documents and contain an image and particulars of the holder, confirming identity and nationality.
5. Are there restrictions on their use without accompanying parents or guardians?
Only in so far as indicated in paragraph 2 of Question 2.
6. Are all citizens required to hold separate passports, including children?
As from 2001, all citizens are required to hold a separate passport; however there are still a number of valid passports in which children are included. (Article 3 and Article 6 of the Passports Regulations (SL61/02)).
7. If not, what are the documents that children can be added to and what are the legal provisions for this?
N/A.
12192/05 ML/cr 27 DG H I EN
MALTA
8. Are children allowed to travel on an adult's passport in which they are included without the accompanying adult?
No. A child that is included on an adult’s passport can only travel with the use of that passport if accompanied by the adult to whom that passport is issued.
As from 2001, such passports are being phased out once they expire.
9. When children travel on their own, or with only one parent, do they need in addition to their travel document any other written authorization or any other document from their parents?
Yes as indicated in paragraph 2 of Question 2.
10. If so, what form must this authorization take (e.g. legalized or on a special form)?
There is no special form as long as it is confirmed to be authentic by both parents.
11. Is this authorization required depending on the type of travel document (e.g. ID card or passport)?
Yes. This written authorization is required only if the minor is travelling with an Identity Card as indicated in paragraph 2 of Question 2.
12. Is this authorization only required from your own nationals or also from nationals of third countries residing on your territory?
N/A.
12192/05 ML/cr 28 DG H I EN
THE NETHERLANDS
1. What documents are issued to children (persons under 18 years of age) that are regarded as acceptable identity documents?
a) Passport; b) Dutch identity card.
2. Are all of these documents also valid for travel purposes both within and outside of the EU?
No, the Dutch identity card is only valid within the EU + Turkey, Norway and Switzerland. The passport is valid within and outside the EU.
3. What are the validity periods of such documents?
5 years.
4. Do they all meet normal travel document requirements, i.e. they are secure government issued documents confirming the identity and nationality of the holder and bear a photograph or image of the holder?
Yes.
5. Are there restrictions on their use without accompanying parents or guardians?
No.
6. Are all citizens required to hold separate passports, including children?
No.
7. If not, what are the documents that children can be added to and what are the legal provisions for this?
Children under the age of 16 years may be included in the passport of their parents or legal guardian. If the child is to be included in the passport of a parent the other parent must give permission to do so.
12192/05 ML/cr 29 DG H I EN
THE NETHERLANDS
8. Are children allowed to travel on an adult's passport in which they are included without the accompanying adult?
No.
9. When children travel on their own, or with only one parent, do they need in addition to their travel document any other written authorization or any other document from their parents?
No.
10. If so, what form must this authorization take (e.g. legalized or on a special form)?
---
11. Is this authorization required depending on the type of travel document (e.g. ID card or passport)?
---
12. Is this authorization only required from your own nationals or also from nationals of third countries residing on your territory?
---
12192/05 ML/cr 30 DG H I EN
AUSTRIA
1. What documents are issued to children (persons under 18 years of age) that are regarded as acceptable identity documents?
Documents a) Ordinary passport b) Identity card (blue) c) Identity card (red)
Children entered in the passports of the parents (mother and/or father): Children can be registered in the passport of one or both parents. They do not need a passport of their own. In the passport of the parents the family name is registered, the surname, the sex and the day of birth. A picture of the child is not available. The registration in the passports of the parents is possible up to 12 year of age. It can be available in the passport of the parents up to the majority of the child (18 years).
2. Are all of these documents also valid for travel purposes both within and outside of the EU?
1 a) and 1 b) are valid as a travel document. 1 c) is only valid in the Federal Republic of Austria.
3. What are the validity periods of such documents?
Passport and identity card (blue) are valid 10 years. These documents have validity following at present for children: 0 – 1 year of age 1 year 2 – 6 year age 4 years 7 – 12 year of age 5 years As of the 13 year of age 10 years
Identity cards (only the red) do not have a validity date. It will be invalid as soon as the data change or the picture beyond all doubt does not represent the owner.
If a child is registered in the passport of a parent this passport is valid until the completion of the 12th year of age. A child needs a passport of its own as from 13 years of age.
4. Do they all meet normal travel document requirements, i.e. they are secure government issued documents confirming the identity and nationality of the holder and bear a photograph or image of the holder?
Passports and identity cards for children have the same security features as the documents of the adults.
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AUSTRIA
5. Are there restrictions on their use without accompanying parents or guardians?
No, except in case of registration of the child in the passport of the parent. See answer No 9.
6. Are all citizens required to hold separate passports, including children?
No.
7. If not, what are the documents that children can be added to and what are the legal provisions for this?
There is not an obligation to carry an identity card in Austria, the possession of a passport or identity card therefore is not mandatory. Children can be registered in the passport of the parents therefore as mentioned already.
8. Are children allowed to travel on an adult’s passport in which they are included without the accompanying adult?
No.
9. When children travel on their own, or with only one parent, do they need in addition to their travel document any other written authorization or any other document from their parents?
In principle children should be in company of a parent or both parents or a supervising adult. They do not need additional documents. In case of being registered in the passport of a parent, children have to be in company with this parent.
10. If so, what form must this authorization take (e.g. legalized or on a special form)?
See answer 9.
12192/05 ML/cr 32 DG H I EN
AUSTRIA
11. Is this authorization required depending on the type of travel document (e.g. ID card or passport)?
See answer 9.
12. Is this authorization only required from your own nationals or also from nationals of third countries residing on your territory?
See answer 9.
12192/05 ML/cr 33 DG H I EN
PORTUGAL
1. What documents are issued to children (persons under 18 years of age) that are regarded as acceptable identity documents?
. “Cédula Pessoal” (no longer issued) . “Assento de Nascimento” (replaces the document mentioned before) . Identity Card . Passport
Both documents, “Cédula Pessoal” and “Assento de Nascimento”, prove the registration/existence of the child and attest her/his parenthood and forefatherhood. The “Assento de Nascimento” is mandatory and acts as a breeder document for the issuance of the Portuguese ID card. It is not a travel document, nor does it prove nationality.
2. Are all of these documents also valid for travel purposes both within and outside of the EU?
Only the passport is a valid travel document worldwide.
The identity card is valid within the EU and to travel to some few countries outside the EU on the basis of bilateral agreements, which may not be reciprocal. The “Cédula Pessoal” (the ones still valid), is accepted by some countries on the basis of the European Agreement for the free movement of people among Council of Europe Member States.
3. What are the validity periods of such documents?
“Assento de Nascimento” Immediately after birth, any person being born in Portugal, regardless of the nationality, is issued an “Assento de Nascimento”. If the child is less than 16 years old, the document has no validity period.
Identity Card A Portuguese citizen can apply for the national identity card at any age and it is mandatory for people over 10 years old. The identity card is valid for 5 or 10 years depending if it is issued before or after the age of 35 years old. Calendar adjustments are made as to avoid renewals at the busiest months (Summer), meaning that the card can be over 5 or 10 years, to a maximum of 12 months. The Identity Card is permanent after the age of 55 years old.
12192/05 ML/cr 34 DG H I EN
PORTUGAL
Passport A Portuguese citizen can apply for a national passport at any age. - 2 years: children being 2 years of age or younger - 3 years: children being older than two years of age and younger than/equal to 5 - 5 years: holders being older than 5 and under 25 years of age - 10 years: holders being 25 years of age or older
4. Do they all meet normal travel document requirements, i.e., they are secure government issued documents confirming the identity and nationality of the holder and bear a photograph or image of the holder?
They are all secure government issued documents confirming the identity and nationality of the holder. The documents are exactly the same as the ones delivered to adult Portuguese citizens (passport and identity card). Only the document “Assento de Nascimento” does not bear a photograph or image of the holder, but it is not a travel document.
5. Are there restrictions on their use without accompanying parents or guardians?
Children up to the age of 18, traveling on their own or unaccompanied by their parents or by the legal guardian, need a written authorization signed by whoever has the parental custody over the child/children. The signature must be lawfully attested. Should the parents be married and the children be traveling only with one of them, authorization is not required. Authorization is again required when the child/children’s parents are divorced, and the child/children are traveling with the separate parent, which has not his/her legal/parental custody.
6. Are all citizens required to hold separate passports, including children?
Yes. With the introduction of the 2001 version of the Portuguese passport, entered into force on the on the 2nd of January 2001, children are no longer included in the parent’s passport, the so-called Family Passport.
7. If not, what are the documents that children can be added to and what are the legal provisions for this?
All Portuguese documents mentioned on question 1 are individual documents, that is, “One person, one document”.
12192/05 ML/cr 35 DG H I EN
PORTUGAL
8. Are children allowed to travel on an adult's passport in which they are included without the accompanying adult?
In the old version of the Portuguese passport, which is still in use until their individual expiry date, children were included in the parent’s passport/Family Passport. However they are not allowed to travel without the respective accompanying adult (mother/father or guardian) in which document they are included.
9. When children travel on their own, or with only one parent, do they need in addition to their travel document any other written authorization or any other document from their parents?
Please see answer 5.
10. If so, what form must this authorization take (e.g. legalized or on a special form)?
There is no special form. The text must state clearly that the child/children are authorized to travel and with whom, by identifying clearly the adult with whom they are travelling.
11. Is this authorization required depending on the type of travel document (e.g. ID card or passport)?
No. When children travel on their own or unaccompanied by their parents this authorization is always required.
12. Is this authorization only required from your own nationals or also from nationals of third countries residing on your territory?
This authorization is required for both.
12192/05 ML/cr 36 DG H I EN
SLOVENIA
1. What documents are issued to children (persons under 18 years of age) that are regarded as acceptable identity documents.
Republic of Slovenia issues identity cards and passports to children (persons under 18 years) as acceptable identity documents. Being 5 years of age children may get a local border pass under special conditions according to the law.
2. Are all of these documents also valid for travel purposes both within and outside of the EU?
Travelling with Slovenian passport is possible both within and outside of the EU. Travelling with an identity card is possible within the EU and EEA Member States and to Croatia, and Switzerland.
The border pass is a document permitting the holder to cross the border at international and interstate border crossings and border crossings for local border traffic (according to agreement with neighbouring counties: Croatia, Austria, Italy).
3. What are the validity periods of such documents?
An identity card with a validity of five years shall be issued to a citizen who has not reached the age of 18. A legal representative shall submit the application for a citizen younger than 18 years or for a citizen who is incapable of operating.
Citizen below the age of 4 years shall be issued a passport for the validity of two years and a citizen from the age of 4 up to 18 years shall be issued a passport for the validity of five years. A legal representative shall submit the application for a citizen younger than 18 years or for a citizen incapable of operating. The local border pass is a travel document issued for five years.
4. Do they all meet normal travel document requirements, i.e. they are secure government issued documents confirming the identity and nationality of the holder and bear a photograph or image of the holder?
The identity card and passport (biographical page) are made of policarbonate foil and are personalized and issued centrally at one producer. Both documents are produced according to the EU regulations, ISO standards and ICAO 9303 document and are machine-readable. They both incorporate high efficient security-protection elements against alternation and falsification.
The local border pass is a travel document which is not machine-readable but it confirms the identity and nationality of the holder and bears a photograph of the holder and incorporates efficient security-protection elements against alternation and falsification.
12192/05 ML/cr 37 DG H I EN
SLOVENIA
5. Are there restrictions on their use without accompanying parents or guardians?
A minor (one who has not reached the age of 18) must for travelling abroad possess a valid identity card or a passport if he/she travels with a legal representative.
But there is a provision in the Slovenian Travel documents Act stipulating that if a citizen younger than 15 years of age (hereinafter referred to as: a child) travels abroad or from abroad without being accompanied by a legal representative, the permission of the legal representative shall be required for such travel.
This permission may be issued, for the purpose of the protection of the child's interest, also by the competent centre for social work in specially justified cases if the child stays in a home or stays with a foster family or if the legal representative is not accessible.
The permission referred to in the preceding paragraphs shall be approved by the competent authority or by the authority of the Republic of Slovenia abroad authorised to perform consular duties.
6. Are all citizens required to hold separate passports, including children?
Yes, all citizens are required to hold separate passports, including children (rule: one person−one passport).
7. If not, what are the documents that children can be added to and what are the legal provisions for this?
There are no such documents.
8. Are children allowed to travel on an adult's passport in which they are included without the accompanying adult?
There are no such documents.
9. When children travel on their own, or with only one parent, do they need in addition to their travel document any other written authorization or any other document from their parents?
12192/05 ML/cr 38 DG H I EN
SLOVENIA
10. If so, what form must this authorization take (e.g. legalized or on a special form)?
A minor (one who has not reached the age of 18) must for travelling abroad possess a valid identity card or a passport if he/she travels with a legal representative.
But there is a provision in the Slovenian Travel documents Act stipulating that if a citizen younger than 15 years of age (hereinafter referred to as: a child) travels abroad or from abroad without being accompanied by a legal representative, the permission of the legal representative shall be required for such travel.
This permission may be issued, for the purpose of the protection of the child's interest, also by the competent centre for social work in specially justified cases if the child stays in a home or stays with a foster family or if the legal representative is not accessible.
The permission referred to in the preceding paragraphs shall be approved by the competent authority or by the authority of the Republic of Slovenia abroad, authorised to perform consular duties.
11. Is this authorization required depending on the type of travel document (e.g. ID card or passport)?
The above mentioned permission is required for travelling either with an ID card or a passport.
12. Is this authorization only required from your own nationals or also from nationals of third countries residing on your territory?
The above mentioned permission (authorization) is required for travelling either with an ID card or a passport just for Slovenian citizens.
12192/05 ML/cr 39 DG H I EN
SLOVAKIA
1. What documents are issued to children (persons under 18 years of age) that are regarded as acceptable identity documents?
Passport National ID card – from 15 years of age
2. Are all of these documents also valid for travel purposes both within and outside of the EU?
ID card: within EU Passport: within and outside of the EU
3. What are the validity periods of such documents?
10 years for ID card 2 year for passport to child till 5 years of age and 5 year till 18 years of age
4. Do they all meet normal travel document requirements, i.e. they are secure government issued documents confirming the identity and nationality of the holder and bear a photograph or image of the holder?
Yes.
5. Are there restrictions on their use without accompanying parents or guardians?
No.
6. Are all citizens required to hold separate passports, including children?
Yes, but children till 18 years of age need no passport if they are registered (included) in the passport of their parents.
7. If not, what are the documents that children can be added to and what are the legal provisions for this?
Children must have an ID card (from 15 years of age) or must be registered in the passport of their parents.
12192/05 ML/cr 40 DG H I EN
SLOVAKIA
8. Are children allowed to travel on an adult's passport in which they are included without the accompanying adult?
No.
9. When children travel on their own, or with only one parent, do they need in addition to their travel document any other written authorization or any other document from their parents?
No.
10. If so, what form must this authorization take (e.g. legalized or on a special form)?
11. Is this authorization required depending on the type of travel document (e.g. ID card or passport)?
12. Is this authorization only required from your own nationals or also from nationals of third countries residing on your territory?
12192/05 ML/cr 41 DG H I EN
FINLAND
1. What documents are issued to children (persons under 18 years of age) that are regarded as acceptable identity documents?
Identity documents issued to children are: - passport (valid 10 years) - temporary passports (valid 1 year) - identity card (valid 5 years) - minors identity card (valid 5 years) - temporary identity card (valid 4 months)
2. Are all of these documents also valid for travel purposes both within and outside of the EU?
All, except minors identity card and temporary identity card
3. What are the validity periods of such documents?
- passport (valid 10 years) - temporary passports (valid 1 year) - identity card (valid 5 years) - minors identity card (valid 5 years) - temporary identity card (valid 4 months)
4. Do they all meet normal travel document requirements, i.e. they are secure government issued documents confirming the identity and nationality of the holder and bear a photograph or image of the holder?
Yes, but the temporary identity card has fewer security elements than the others.
5. Are there restrictions on their use without accompanying parents or guardians?
No, except when children are added to a guardian's passport, the guardian must accompany the children.
6. Are all citizens required to hold separate passports, including children?
No, but the New passport Act is in the Parliament. The New Act will require separate passports. This New Act is planned to come into force during 2006.
12192/05 ML/cr 42 DG H I EN
FINLAND
7. If not, what are the documents that children can be added to and what are the legal provisions for this?
Children can be added to guardians' passports. A minor shall be issued a passport if his/her guardians give their consent. A Finnish citizen under the age of 15 may on request be included in the personal passport of the parent who is his/her guardian if the other guardians give their consent.
A guardian may give his/her consent as referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 with restrictions concerning the area in which the passport is valid or its period of validity.
If consent as referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 cannot be obtained from a guardian on account of travel, illness or some other such reason and delaying the decision would cause undue inconvenience, his/her consent shall not be necessary in the matter. If a guardian has refused consent, a passport can still be issued to a minor if failing to do so would be clearly contrary to the child's interests and if it can be considered manifest that the child will not be taken to another state without the consent of the guardian except on a temporary basis.
An organ as referred to in section 6 paragraph 1 of the Social Welfare Act is obliged to provide a statement at the request of the passport authority as to whether denying a passport is clearly contrary to the child's interests. The authority shall provide a statement in cases where the authority already has information on the minor or his/her guardians. The statement can also include information which must be kept secret under section 57 paragraph 1 of the Social Welfare Act if this is necessary to ensure the child's interests.
If custody of a minor has been transferred to a social-welfare board, consent as referred to in this section shall be given by the social-welfare board.
8. Are children allowed to travel on an adult's passport in which they are included without the accompanying adult?
No.
9. When children travel on their own, or with only one parent, do they need in addition to their travel document any other written authorization or any other document from their parents?
No.
12192/05 ML/cr 43 DG H I EN
FINLAND
10. If so, what form must this authorization take (e.g. legalized or on a special form)?
---
11. Is this authorization required depending on the type of travel document (e.g. ID card or passport)?
---
12. Is this authorization only required from your own nationals or also from nationals of third countries residing on your territory?
---
12192/05 ML/cr 44 DG H I EN
SWEDEN
1. What documents are issued to children (persons under 18 years of age) that are regarded as acceptable identity documents?
Passport, national ID card (from 1 October 2005), drivers license (motor-cycle from 16 years), ID-cards issued by certified issuer like bank or post.
2. Are all of these documents also valid for travel purposes both within and outside of the EU?
Only passport (all countries) and national ID card (from 1 October 2005, to those countries that accept national ID card instead of passport).
3. What are the validity periods of such documents?
Passport for persons of 18 years or older = 10 years, under 18 years = 5 years. Passports and national ID cards issued from 1 October 2005 have a validity period of 5 years.
4. Do they all meet normal travel document requirements, i.e. they are secure government issued documents confirming the identity and nationality of the holder and bear a photograph or image of the holder?
Yes.
5. Are there restrictions on their use without accompanying parents or guardians?
No.
6. Are all citizens required to hold separate passports, including children?
One person, one passport.
7. If not, what are the documents that children can be added to and what are the legal provisions for this?
---
12192/05 ML/cr 45 DG H I EN
SWEDEN
8. Are children allowed to travel on an adult's passport in which they are included without the accompanying adult?
---
9. When children travel on their own, or with only one parent, do they need in addition to their travel document any other written authorization or any other document from their parents?
No.
10. If so, what form must this authorization take (e.g. legalized or on a special form)?
---
11. Is this authorization required depending on the type of travel document (e.g. ID card or passport)?
---
12. Is this authorization only required from your own nationals or also from nationals of third countries residing on your territory?
---
12192/05 ML/cr 46 DG H I EN
UNITED KINGDOM
1. What documents are issued to children (persons under 18 years of age) that are regarded as acceptable identity documents?
National Passports are issued to persons under 18. There is currently no National Identity Card Certificates of Identity 1951 Convention documents 1954 Convention documents Collective passports Asylum Registration Cards
2. Are all of these documents also valid for travel purposes both within and outside of the EU?
Passport, CID 1951 and 1954 Convention documents are all valid for travel within and outside the EU. Collective passports are valid generally within Europe but also with other countries subject to agreement. ARC cards are not valid for travel.
3. What are the validity periods of such documents?
Documents issued to persons of 16 years of age and under are normally valid for 5 years, over 16 they are normally valid for 10 years.
4. Do they all meet normal travel document requirements, i.e. they are secure government issued documents confirming the identity and nationality of the holder and bear a photograph or image of the holder?
Yes, although it is possible to still have a pre 1988 passport issued to a parent that has no photograph affixed for a child still under 16. CID 1951 and 1954 documents all contain photographs of dependants. Collective passports do not have photographs.
5. Are there restrictions on their use without accompanying parents or guardians?
Children cannot travel unaccompanied on parent’s or guardian’s passports travel documents or collective passports.
12192/05 ML/cr 47 DG H I EN
UNITED KINGDOM
6. Are all citizens required to hold separate passports, including children?
Since 5.10.98 all citizens are required to have their own passport, however if the document was issued before that date and children were and still are below the age of 16 they could still be endorsed and travel on their parent’s passport. From 01.04.05 all persons are required to hold their own CIDs, 1951 or 1954 travel documents. Prior to this they could be endorsed on their parent’s documents and this will remain valid until they reach the age of 16.
7. If not, what are the documents that children can be added to and what are the legal provisions for this?
Children can no longer be added to their parent’s passport.
8. Are children allowed to travel on an adult's passport in which they are included without the accompanying adult?
No.
9. When children travel on their own, or with only one parent, do they need in addition to their travel document any other written authorization or any other document from their parents?
No.
10. If so, what form must this authorization take (e.g. legalized or on a special form)?
-
11. Is this authorization required depending on the type of travel document (e.g. ID card or passport)?
-
12. Is this authorization only required from your own nationals or also from nationals of third countries residing on your territory?
-
12192/05 ML/cr 48 DG H I EN
ICELAND
1. What documents are issued to children (persons under 18 years of age) that are regarded as acceptable identity documents?
The national passport is the only acceptable travel document that is issued for persons under 18 years of age in Iceland. The validity of the document is 5 years for persons under 18 years of age.
2. Are all of these documents also valid for travel purposes both within and outside of the EU?
Yes.
3. What are the validity periods of such documents?
The passport for children under 18 years of age is valid for 5 years. However, when children are included in their parents’ passport or the passport of a guardian, the validity of the passport is 10 years (until 1 June 1999).
4. Do they all meet normal travel document requirements, i.e. they are secure government issued documents confirming the identity and nationality of the holder and bear a photograph or image of the holder?
The passport for children is machine-readable, contains a photograph and meets the other requirements of ICAO regulations. At the beginning of 2007, the national passport for children will contain biometric data of the passport´s holder.
5. Are there restrictions on their use without accompanying parents or guardians?
There are no requirements or restrictions by national law on children travelling without parents or guardians. At border crossing points, border guards pay special attention to children who are travelling unaccompanied or with a person that does not have parental care over them. Border guards are aware of the instructions regarding minors in the Common Manual.
6. Are all citizens required to hold separate passports, including children?
No, according to national law, children under the age of 18 can be included in their parents passports or the passport of a guardian.
12192/05 ML/cr 49 DG H I EN
ICELAND
7. If not, what are the documents that children can be added to and what are the legal provisions for this?
According to Regulation no.169/1987, children can be included in the parents’ or guardian’s passport up to 15 year of age. As of 1 June 1999, a new regulation was implemented. The regulation does not authorize including children in their parents’ or a guardian’s passport. Nonetheless, passports that were issued before the implementation of the new regulation are valid until date of expiry.
8. Are children allowed to travel on an adult's passport in which they are included without the accompanying adult?
No, a child is not allowed to travel without the holder of the passport the child is registered in.
9. When children travel on their own, or with only one parent, do they need in addition to their travel document any other written authorization or any other document from their parents?
There are no such requirements according to national law.
10. If so, what form must this authorization take (e.g. legalized or on a special form)?
-
11. Is this authorization required depending on the type of travel document (e.g. ID card or passport)?
-
12. Is this authorization only required from your own nationals or also from nationals of third countries residing on your territory?
-
______
12192/05 ML/cr 50 DG H I EN