DOCSLIB.ORG

Peer Support Training Manual

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Peer Support Training Manual PEER SUPPORT TRAINING MANUAL Guideline for peer support training in the Okanagan Health Service Area Peer Support Training Manual 2005 CMHA BC Division Consumer Development Project Introduction to the Peer Support Training Manual The CMHA Consumer Development Project (CDP) based in Kelowna, is funded by the Interior Health Authority. The CDP is currently contracted to complete projects and provide information that will support consumers and mental health communities in the Okanagan region. The Project began in 1992 in an effort to encourage and support consumer involvement in mental health planning and decision making throughout the Thompson, Okanagan and Kootenay area. Over the years, this Project has provided on-the-job training in mentoring and community development for staff with first-hand experience with mental illness to build a strong informed and coordinated network of consumers. Sometimes the simplest concepts are the most profound. The CDP strives to build relationships and treat other people and their opinions with respect. It is our fundamental belief that people can and should be encouraged to speak on their own behalf. Our role is to ensure that people have opportunities and support to develop the skills to do so. The CDP has evolved to become a leader and champion in a recovery vision of service with the idea that one of the essential roles of the mental health system is to support individuals to connect with appropriate services within the mental health system as well as build supports in other areas of their lives through personal, social, environmental and spiritual connections. We strive to bring alive the concepts of the Framework for Support, CMHA’s guiding principles. A recovery vision of service is grounded in the idea that people can recover from mental illness when they play an active and empowered role in their journey. We aim to influence policy and encourage good practice in mental health services through a coordinated program of information exchange, advocacy, training and development that focuses on recovery of the individual and that builds strength in groups and communities. Our Project strives to demystify complex issues influencing people with mental illness in communities throughout the Interior Health Authority and create and support structures such as the Consumer Facilitation Councils, Interior Health Regional Consumer Council that meaningfully involve people with mental illness in positive systemic change. Charly Sinclair – Co-facilitator/author My interest in peer support began in 1997 when I was a member of the advisory committee for Kelowna’s peer support program, PepTalk. In 2001, the Consumer Development Project was contacted by the Mental Health Services Division to assist with the development of the Peer Support Resource Manual for peer support programs in British Columbia. I took the lead on that project and learned much about the evolution of peer support in BC. This process involved consumers from communities throughout BC who were interested and had some expertise with peer support as a best practice for consumer involvement. In 2003, I was contacted by the Salmon Arm Peer Support program to assist with their training process. I looked for resources to assist me and found that while there were many experts throughout the province, there was an inconsistency in the training materials. As part of my role with Consumer Development, we decided to collect the best of the information available, do some additional research and package it so that future peer support volunteers and staff would have a standardized, easy to use training resource. Our goal was to create a baseline of information and allow communities to build on it as needed. I wish to thank Maurizio Baldini from Penticton Peer Support program, Stephanie Hide, Kelowna PepTalk, Patricia Harding and Ron Nichol from Vernon Peer Support Services and Tanya Seibel from Salmon Arm Peer Support, for their expert advice and time they spent reviewing and critiquing the material and working with me to make this a valuable resource. I am sure there are many more things that could be included in this training manual. It’s meant to provide the reader with a start. We hope that you will add to it so that it fits with your community. We are always interested in hearing from you. Please let us know if you have found this document helpful. The following resources were used to compile this manual Peer Support Worker Training Manual for Consumers of Mental Health Services, written by Angela Neuhausler; edited by Judith Lange; 1995 PEPtalk, Central Okanagan Peer Support Training Manual Peer Support Resource Manual; BC Ministry of Health Services; July 2001 Maurizio Baldini, Coordinator Peer Support Program Okanagan Similkameen Coordinators of theVernon Peer Outreach Program BRIDGES course taught by consumers to consumers about mental illness and how to cope and manage recovery. (BCSS Provincial program) Sincere thank you to everyone who has contributed information for this manual. ii Peer Support Training Manual 2005 CMHA BC Division Consumer Development Project TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction – Principles of Peer Support --------------------------------------------vii SECTION 1 – BASICS OF PEER SUPPORT Course Outline ----------------------------------------------------------------------------1 Session 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14 Introduction of facilitators and participants ------------------------------------------------- 14 Guidelines----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 Course Outline----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 Egan’s Helping Model -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 Positive Thinking -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 Homework---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 Handout 1 – Group Guidelines --------------------------------------------------------------- 17 Handout 2 – Course Outline ------------------------------------------------------------------ 18 Handout 3 – Egan’s Helping Model---------------------------------------------------------- 21 Handout 4 – “ Positive Works”---------------------------------------------------------------- 22 Session 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24 Discussion of Homework----------------------------------------------------------------------- 24 The Helpful Responses Questionnaire-------------------------------------------------------- 24 Perception Exercise ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 24 Dot Exercise-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 Beliefs and Values-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 Legal Considerations and Summary of Duties----------------------------------------------- 26 Confidentiality ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 Helper Role Play--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 Homework---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 Handout 5 – Why Visit?------------------------------------------------------------------------ 29 Handout 6 – The Helpful Responses Questionnaire --------------------------------------- 30 Handout 7 – Perception Exercise-------------------------------------------------------------- 32 Handout 8 – Dot Exercise---------------------------------------------------------------------- 34 Handout 9 – Beliefs and Values --------------------------------------------------------------- 36 Handout 10 – Legal Considerations ---------------------------------------------------------- 38 Handout 11 – Summary of Duties------------------------------------------------------------ 39 Handout 12 – Self-assessment for Outreach Volunteers ----------------------------------- 40 iii Peer Support Training Manual 2005 CMHA BC Division Consumer Development Project SECTION 2 – COMMUNICATION SKILLS Session 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------44 Group Discussion – Working Values in the Helping Relationship -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44 Attending Skills---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44 Active Listening ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45 The Skill of Paraphrasing ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 45 Accurate Empathy Exercise--------------------------------------------------------------------- 46 Homework – First Visit------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46 Handout 13 – Egan’s Working Values ------------------------------------------------------- 47 Handout 14 – Attending Acronym ----------------------------------------------------------- 48 Handout 15 – Active Listening ---------------------------------------------------------------- 50 Handout 16 – I believe -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52 Handout 17 – The First Visit ------------------------------------------------------------------ 53 Handout 18 – What if
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Best Practices Identified for Peer Support Programs
    Best Practices Identified for Peer Support Programs Final January 2011 Identification of Best Practices in Peer Support: White Paper Authors: Nisha Money MD, MPH, ABIHM Monique Moore PhD David Brown PsyD Kathleen Kasper Jessica Roeder Paul Bartone PhD Mark Bates PhD Acknowledgement: LTC Phillip Holcombe PhD Kathi Hanna PhD Lauren Honess-Morreale MPH Snehal Patel MD Kathleen Sun Maj. Todd Yosick MSW Subject Matter Experts Interviewed: Moe Armstrong, Vet-to-Vet Col. James D. Bartolacci, Michigan National Guard, Buddy to Buddy Program Matthew Chinman, RAND Corporation, Department of Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh VISN-4 Mental Illness, Research, and Clinical Center Bill Genet, Police Organization Providing Peer Assistance, Inc. (POPPA) Lt. Col. Stéphane Grenier, Canadian Department of National Defense and Veterans Affairs Operational Stress Injury Social Support (OSISS) Program Richard Klomp, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Workforce and Responder Resiliency Team, Deployment Safety and Resiliency Team (DSRT) Dan O’Brien-Mazza, Veterans Health Administration, Mental Health Group Jon Wilson, California National Guard Peer-to-Peer Support Program Authors’ Positions at DCoE: Nisha N. Money MD, MPH, ABIHM, Chief Medical officer, Integrative Medicine, Resilience & Prevention (Resilience & Prevention directorate) Monique Moore PhD, Program Evaluation Development manager (Resilience & Prevention directorate) David G. Brown PsyD, chief Integrative Health Division (Provisional), (Resilience & Prevention directorate) Mark Bates, PhD,
    [Show full text]
  • Peer Support to Reduce Vicarious Trauma in Mental Health Providers
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Projects College of Nursing 2020 Peer Support to Reduce Vicarious Trauma in Mental Health Providers Alina Kendrick Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/nursing_dnp_capstone Part of the Nursing Commons Kendrick, Alina, "Peer Support to Reduce Vicarious Trauma in Mental Health Providers" (2020). Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Projects. 231. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/nursing_dnp_capstone/231 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Nursing at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Projects by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Running head: PEER SUPPORT FOR VICARIOUS TRAUMA 1 Peer Support to Reduce Vicarious Trauma in Mental Health Providers Alina Kendrick University of Massachusetts, Amherst College of Nursing DNP Project Chair: Gabrielle P Abelard, DNP, PMHNP, PMHCNS-BC, RN, BS DNP Project Mentor: Amanda Batterbee, MSN, PMHNP-BC Date of Submission: April 20, 2020 PEER SUPPORT FOR VICARIOUS TRAUMA 2 Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................4 List of Tables Table 1: Professional Quality of Life Scale.............................................................21 Table 2: Secondary Traumatic Stress
    [Show full text]
  • Peer-Based Addiction Recovery Support
    Peer-based Addiction Recovery Support History, Theory, Practice, and Scientific Evaluation William L. White, MA Great Lakes Addiction Technology Transfer Center Philadelphia Department of Behavioral Health and Mental Retardation Services Dedication This monograph is dedicated to: Barbara Weiner and Rebecca Rowe of Hazelden Library, and to Stephanie Merkle and Christopher Roberts, research assistants at Chestnut Health Systems. This monograph was possible only through their tenacious efforts to procure hundreds of historical documents, scientific studies, trade journal articles, posted papers, conference presentations, and other unpublished manuscripts. Barbara, Rebecca, Stephanie and Christopher, and their counterparts around the country receive far less acknowledgment for their contributions to the field than they deserve. Thomasina Borkman, for her pioneering work on experiential learning and peer-based recovery support organizations. Those working on the front lines of peer-based addiction recovery support services. Thank you for opening your lives and your organizations to me. i ii Table of Contents Welcome from Lonnetta Albright and Michael Flaherty, PhD ................................ 1 Foreword by Arthur C. Evans, PhD and Beverly J. Haberle, MHS........................ 3 Abstract .................................................................................................................. 7 Introduction Summary of Key Points.......................................................................................... 9 The Recovery
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 3. Peer Support Fundamentals
    CHAPTER PEER SUPPORT FUNDAMENTALS 3 Peer support does not adhere to any one “program model.” Rather, it is a dynamic and flexible approach A NATURAL HUMAN RESPONSE to connection and mutual understanding based on a set TO SHARED ADVERSITY of core values and principles. This chapter will present Most people who’ve been through hard information on the fundamentals of peer support that times empathize with and have an urge have been developed over the years by people who to reach out to others who struggle with have worked in peer support roles, conducted research problems that feel similar to their own. For on the topic, and have reflected upon and written about example, an older woman with children it.1,2,3,4 These ideas can be applied to any setting or shares her experiences with an over- activity. Understanding the fundamentals will help whelmed new mother. A widow offers tea you use the strategies presented in later chapters to and words of comfort to a woman whose apply these principles to peer support relationships husband has recently died. The desire for with women who are trauma survivors. The chapter peer support relationships can be seen also suggests books, articles, and websites that provide as a natural human response to shared additional information. struggles. What is Peer Support? Peer support is a way for people from diverse A “peer” is an equal, someone who has faced similar backgrounds who share experiences in common to circumstances, such as people who have survived come together to build relationships in which they cancer, widows, or women who parent adolescents.
    [Show full text]
  • Staying Connected Is Important: Virtual Recovery Resources
    STAYING CONNECTED IS IMPORTANT: VIRTUAL RECOVERY RESOURCES • Refuge Recovery: Provides online and virtual INTRODUCTION support In an infectious disease outbreak, when social https://www.refugerecovery.org/home distancing and self-quarantine are needed to • Self-Management and Recovery Training limit and control the spread of the disease, (SMART) Recovery: Offers global community continued social connectedness to maintain of mutual-support groups, forums including a recovery is critically important. Virtual chat room and message board resources can and should be used during this https://www.smartrecovery.org/community/ time. Even after a pandemic, virtual support may still exist and still be necessary. • SoberCity: Offers an online support and recovery community This tip sheet describes resources that can be https://www.soberocity.com/ used to virtually support recovery from mental/ substance use disorders as well as other • Sobergrid: Offers an online platform to help resources. anyone get sober and stay sober https://www.sobergrid.com/ • Soberistas: Provides a women-only VIRTUAL RECOVERY PROGRAMS international online recovery community https://soberistas.com/ • Alcoholics Anonymous: Offers online support • Sober Recovery: Provides an online forum for https://aa-intergroup.org/ those in recovery and their friends and family https://www.soberrecovery.com/forums/ • Cocaine Anonymous: Offers online support and services • We Connect Recovery: Provides daily online https://www.ca-online.org/ recovery groups for those with substance use and
    [Show full text]
  • Peer Support in Centers for Independent Living: What Do We Know?
    June 2011 Peer Support in Centers for Independent Living: What Do We Know? Peer support is ubiquitous. It is defined as a helping relationship between an individual who has experience living under certain conditions assisting another person to cope with and adapt to similar circumstances. It has been gaining in popularity and use since its early adoption in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), and has been used widely, and with good effect, with people experiencing a variety of both physical and mental health conditions. Peer support, also known as peer counseling, is one of the four core services that Independent Living Centers receiving funding from Part B, Title VII of the Rehabilitation Act of 1978 are mandated to provide. These services help a person with a disability move from the patient role to the consumer role, empowered to make independent choices (DeJong, 1979). Additionally, peer support assists people with similar disabilities to cope and adjust following the onset or exacerbation of a disability. Even more, peers often have intimate knowledge of community resources to reduce environmental barriers to independent living, which are essential to the Independent Living (IL) philosophy of consumer choice and control. Due in large part to the stress of living with a disability (i.e., lack of accessibility or accommodations), people with disabilities may experience mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety. Unfortunately, the mental health system in the US has struggled to meet the needs of people with psychiatric disabilities and is largely ill-prepared and underfunded to RTC:Rural address the mental health needs of individuals with other 52 Corbin Hall disabilities.
    [Show full text]
  • Value of Peers, 2017
    Value of , Peers 2017 Peer Support Peers Supporting Recovery from Mental Health Conditions Peers Supporting Recovery Family, Parent and from Substance Use Disorders Caregiver Peer Support in Behavioral Health Value of Peers, 2017 Peer Support “Because of peer support I am alive!” —Melodie PEER SUPPORT What is Peer Support? Peer support encompasses a range of acNviNes and interacNons between people who share similar experiences of being diagnosed with mental health condiNons, substance use disorders, or both. This mutuality—o>en called “peerness”—between a peer support worker and person in or seeking recovery promotes connecNon and inspires hope. Peer support offers a level of acceptance, understanding, and validaNon not found in many other professional relaNonships (Mead & McNeil, 2006). By sharing their own lived experience and pracNcal guidance, peer support workers help people to develop their own goals, create strategies for self-­‐empowerment, and take concrete steps towards building fulfilling, self-­‐determined lives for themselves. What Does A Peer Support Worker Do? A peer support worker is someone with the lived experience of recovery from a mental health condiNon, substance use disorder, or both. They provide support to others experiencing similar challenges. They provide non-­‐clinical, strengths-­‐based support and are “experienNally credenNaled” by their own recovery journey (Davidson, et al., 1999). Peer support workers may be referred to by different names depending upon the sePng in which they pracNce. Common Ntles include: peer specialists, peer recovery coaches, peer advocates, and peer recovery support specialists. What Does A Peer Support Worker Do? cont. Peer support workers inspire hope that people can and do recover; walk with people on their recovery journeys; dispel myths about what it means to have a mental health condiNon or substance use disorder; provide self-­‐help educaNon and link people to tools and resources; and support people in idenNfying their goals, hopes, and dreams, and creaNng a roadmap for gePng there.
    [Show full text]
  • Peer Support and Trauma Recovery
    Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction Volume 15 Issue 1 The Journal of ERW and Mine Action Article 6 April 2011 Peer Support and Trauma Recovery Cameron Macauley Center for International Stabilization and Recovery at JMU (CISR) Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-journal Part of the Other Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons, and the Peace and Conflict Studies Commons Recommended Citation Macauley, Cameron (2011) "Peer Support and Trauma Recovery," The Journal of ERW and Mine Action : Vol. 15 : Iss. 1 , Article 6. Available at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-journal/vol15/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for International Stabilization and Recovery at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction by an authorized editor of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Macauley: Peer Support and Trauma Recovery Peer Support and Trauma Recovery Peer support is becoming an important strategy to help survivors of war-related violence recover from psychological trauma. After a short training in counseling techniques, peer-support workers seek out trauma survivors in the community and help them reintegrate into society, find work, engage in sports and come to terms with their traumatic memories. Peer-support programs incur costs related to transportation and communication, but support groups may recover some costs through income- generating projects. by Cameron Macauley, MPH [ Center for International Stabilization and Recovery ] or most people who survive injuries from land- A Brief History mines or other explosive remnants of war, friends Peer-support programs for military veterans date and family can significantly aid in the recovery back to just after World War I, according toThe New York Fprocess.
    [Show full text]
  • Peer Support Groups: Evaluating a Culturally Grounded, Strengths-Based Approach for Work with Refugees
    Peer Support Groups: Evaluating a Culturally Grounded, Strengths-Based Approach for Work With Refugees Azadeh Masalehdan Block Leslie Aizenman Adam Saad Stephanie Harrison Amanda Sloan Simone Vecchio Vanessa Wilson Abstract: Many refugees will face unique socio-emotional stressors before, during, and after resettling in their new home country. The program presented herein focuses on the use of para-professionals, peer educators, from within refugee communities to build upon the Center for Torture and Trauma Survivors Clubhouse model. Group leaders seek to provide supports that will: 1) decrease feelings of isolation; 2) build community networks and; 3) increase feelings of empowerment within the community. To accurately represent the fluidity of the refugee population in this metropolitan region, background is presented on an established refugee population from Iraq and a more recent influx of refugees of Bhutan (ethnic Nepali). The juxtaposition of the two groups underscores the importance of presenting a dynamic program that is peer-led to provide the supports necessary to acclimate to their new environment. Program evaluation results from groups run in 2016- 2017 indicate that the groups have been successful in helping participants make friends, get information, become more independent, and feel better about life in America. Additionally, participants report a significantly higher number of individuals who they can “talk to about problems or worries” and connect to with a sense of trust within their ethnic community. Finally, the utility
    [Show full text]
  • An Assessment of Innovative Models of Peer Support Services in Behavioral Health to Reduce Preventable Acute Hospitalization And
    U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation Office of Disability, Aging and Long-Term Care Policy AN ASSESSMENT OF INNOVATIVE MODELS OF PEER SUPPORT SERVICES IN BEHAVIORAL HEALTH TO REDUCE PREVENTABLE ACUTE HOSPITALIZATION AND READMISSIONS December 2015 Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation The Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE) is the principal advisor to the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) on policy development issues, and is responsible for major activities in the areas of legislative and budget development, strategic planning, policy research and evaluation, and economic analysis. ASPE develops or reviews issues from the viewpoint of the Secretary, providing a perspective that is broader in scope than the specific focus of the various operating agencies. ASPE also works closely with the HHS operating agencies. It assists these agencies in developing policies, and planning policy research, evaluation and data collection within broad HHS and administration initiatives. ASPE often serves a coordinating role for crosscutting policy and administrative activities. ASPE plans and conducts evaluations and research--both in-house and through support of projects by external researchers--of current and proposed programs and topics of particular interest to the Secretary, the Administration and the Congress. Office of Disability, Aging and Long-Term Care Policy The Office of Disability, Aging and Long-Term Care Policy (DALTCP), within ASPE, is responsible for the development, coordination, analysis, research and evaluation of HHS policies and programs which support the independence, health and long-term care of persons with disabilities--children, working aging adults, and older persons.
    [Show full text]
  • Peer Support: the Eep R Support Movement and the Future of Mental Health Care Amy Shutz Western Oregon University
    Western Oregon University Digital Commons@WOU Maurice Undergraduate Initiative Prize Student Scholarship 2014 Peer Support: The eeP r Support Movement and the Future of Mental Health Care Amy Shutz Western Oregon University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wou.edu/maurice Recommended Citation Shutz, Amy, "Peer Support: The eP er Support Movement and the Future of Mental Health Care" (2014). Maurice Undergraduate Initiative Prize. 5. https://digitalcommons.wou.edu/maurice/5 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at Digital Commons@WOU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Maurice Undergraduate Initiative Prize by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@WOU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Peer Support 1 Peer Support; The Peer Support Movement and the Future of Mental Health Care Amy Shutz Western Oregon University Peer Support 2 Peer Support; The Peer Support Movement and the Future of Mental Health Care In 1908, Clifford Beers wrote a book title A Mind That Found Itself; An Autobiography, chronicling his experiences inside of State and private sanitariums. Thinking that he had epilepsy and that it would be a huge embarrassment to his alma mater, Yale, and a burden to his family, Beers attempted suicide by jumping out of a window hoping to die on the pavement below. His attempt failed to end his life but broke his body and his spirit further landing him in a sanitarium. The attendants at the institution were perhaps underqualified or just working a job for a paycheck, at any rate they were brusque and inattentive.
    [Show full text]
  • Position Statement on the Routine Administration of Cognitive
    POSITION STATEMENT ON THE ROUTINE ADMINISTRATION OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR PSYCHOSIS AS THE STANDARD OF CARE FOR INDIVIDUALS SEEKING TREATMENT FOR PSYCHOSIS Sarah L. Kopelovich, PhD* Monica Basco-Ramirez, PhD Meaghan Stacy, PhD Harry Sivec, PhD * Dr. Kopelovich received staff support from Jennifer Blank, BA at the University of Washington. 2 Table of Contents Preface .............................................................................................................................................4 Section 1: Psychosis and the Current Model of Care .................................................................5 Section 2: Establishing Recovery, Flourishing, Personal Fulfillment, and Community Inclusion as Care Priorities .....................................................................................9 Section 3: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: What is it and Why is it Needed? .......................10 Section 3.1: What is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy? ........................................................11 Section 3.2: What is CBT for psychosis (CBTp)? .............................................................13 Section 3.3: What does the empirical evidence suggest about the benefits of CBTp? .............................................................................................................15 Section 4: How Does CBTp Advance the Mission of Healthcare Systems? ............................18 Claim 1: CBTp aligns with the mission and values of healthcare Organizations ....................................................................................................................19
    [Show full text]