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Proceedings of the Eighth Global Vaccine Research Forum and Parallel Satellite Symposia WHO/IVB/09.04 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH Proceedings of the Eighth Global Vaccine Research Forum and Parallel Satellite Symposia Institutstitut Pasteur,Paaste Paris, France 299 June–2J July 2008 Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals WHO/IVB/09.04 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH ProceedingsPr of thehe EighthE GlobalGlobbal Vaccine Research Forum and Parallelel Satellitee SymposiaSympoSSy Institutstitut Pasteur,Paaste Paris, France 299 June–2J July 2008 Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals The Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals thanks the donors whose unspecified financial support has made the production of this document possible. This document was produced by the Initiative for Vaccine Research (IVR) of the Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals Ordering code: WHO/IVB/09.04 Printed: March 2009 This publication is available on the Internet at: www.who.int/vaccines-documents/ Copies of this document as well as additional materials on immunization, vaccines and biologicals may be requested from: World Health Organization Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland s&AX+ 41 22 791 4227s%[email protected] © World Health Organization 2009 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. The named authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication. Printed by the WHO Document Production Services, Geneva, Switzerland ii Contents !BBREVIATIONSAND!CRONYMS ......................................................................................... vii !CKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................iX 1. Highlights of recent WHO activities on the research and development of new vaccines ............................................................................................................1 'LOBALPROGRESSINACCESSTOIMMUNIZATION ..................................................1 .EWVACCINESRESEARCH DEVELOPMENTANDINTRODUCTION ..............................2 0NEUMOCOCCALVACCINE!-#4ARGETPRODUCTPROlLE ..................................3 %THICSOFVACCINECLINICALTRIALS .......................................................................3 7(/PRIORITIZATIONOFVACCINE PREVENTABLEDISEASES .................................4 2. Keynote address: The long quest for an HIV vaccine ......................................6 3. Session I: Pandemic influenza vaccine research and development .................8 !VIANINmUENZAVIRUSSURVEILLANCE ................................................................8 #ANDIDATE(.PANDEMICINmUENZAVACCINES .........................................9 3.3 .OVELINmUENZAVACCINECONCEPTS ..............................................................10 4HEIMPORTANCEOFTHElGHTAGAINSTPNEUMOCOCCALPNEUMONIA ................12 /PTIMIZATIONOFPANDEMICVACCINEDISTRIBUTION ......................................13 3TRENGTHENINGINmUENZAVACCINEPRODUCTIONCAPACITYIN DEVELOPINGCOUNTRIES A7(/PROJECT ........................................................13 4. Session II. Improving access to immunization ................................................15 !CCESSTOIMMUNIZATIONOUTOFTHE%XPANDED0ROGRAMMEOF )MMUNIZATION%0) ....................................................................................15 #OMMUNITYPARTICIPATIONINHEALTHANDTHENATIONALVACCINATION CAMPAIGNSIN.ICARAGUA ...........................................................15 0UBLIC(EALTHVERSUSINDIVIDUALPROTECTION ..............................................16 !REUSERFEESDESIRABLE ................................................................................17 5. Session III. New tuberculosis vaccines ..............................................................18 %PIDEMIOLOGYOFTUBERCULOSIS4" ANDPOTENTIALIMPACT of new vaccines .............................................................................................18 !NTIGENSELECTIONFOR4"VACCINES ...............................................................19 4"SUBUNITVACCINES ....................................................................................19 $EVELOPMENTOFVIRAL VECTOREDTUBERCULOSISVACCINES ...............................20 /LDANDNEWLIVEVACCINESAGAINSTTUBERCULOSIS .........................................21 "#'VACCINATIONINDUCESDIFFERENTIMMUNERESPONSESIN %UROPEANAND!FRICANPOPULATIONSIMPLICATIONSFORTHE DESIGNOFNEWTUBERCULOSISVACCINES ...........................................................21 iii 6. Session IV. Update on vaccines against GAVI priority diseases ....................22 6.1 Overview ......................................................................................................22 .EARINGSUCCESSTHEDEVELOPMENTOFANAFFORDABLE'ROUP! MENINGOCOCCALCONJUGATEVACCINEFORELIMINATIONOF EPIDEMICMENINGITISFROM!FRICA .................................................................22 0ROGRESSINTHEDEVELOPMENTOF'ROUP"MENINGOCOCCALVACCINES ..........23 2OTAVIRUSVACCINESINTHEDEVELOPINGWORLDUPDATEON CLINICALTRIALSIN!FRICAAND!SIA ..................................................................23 2OTAVIRUSVACCINEINTRODUCTIONIN,ATIN!MERICAAND THE#ARIBBEANSTATUSANDLESSONSLEARNT ....................................................24 4HE(IBINITIATIVEUPDATEANDLESSONSLEARNT ..........................................24 7HATSEROTYPESCAUSEPNEUMOCOCCALDISEASESAMONG CHILDRENAROUNDTHEWORLD ...........................................................................25 %XPANDING'!6)SPORTFOLIO .....................................................................25 7. Session V: Therapeutic vaccines .........................................................................27 #HRONICVIRAL)NFECTIONSOVERVIEWOFTHETHEORYOF TOLERANCEANDCLINICALRESULTS ........................................................................27 7.2 Vaccines against cancer ................................................................................28 7.3 VACCINESAGAINSTNEURODEGENERATIVEDISORDERS !LZHEIMERDISEASE!$ ..............................................................................29 ,IFE STYLEVACCINESNICOTINEADDICTION ........................................................30 6ACCINESAGAINSTCHRONICDISEASESATHEROSCLEROSIS ......................................31 8. Satellite Workshop on vaccine cost-effectiveness ............................................32 8.1 Overview ......................................................................................................32 3TANDARDIZATIONOFECONOMICEVALUATIONSOFIMMUNIZATIONPROGRAMS ....33 -ODELINGOPTIONSFORECONOMICEVALUATION ................................................33 %VALUATINGTHEGUIDELINESTHEIMPACTOFMETHODOLOGICAL CHOICEONTHE#%OFVACCINATIONPROGRAMS .................................................34 4OWARDSOPTIMIZINGTHEIMPACTOF#%ANALYSESONPOLICYDECISIONS !SSESSMENTOFTHE'!6)INVESTMENTCASESFORROTAVIRUS ANDPNEUMOCOCCALVACCINES .........................................................................34 C-90TOOLANDCOST EFFECTIVENESS ...............................................................35 $ISSEMINATIONOF#%TOOLS/N ,INEINTERNATIONAL 6ACCINE%CONOMICSAND3TATISTICS/,)6%3 PROJECT .................................35 9. Satellite workshop on aging and immunity ...........................................................36 9.1 Overview ......................................................................................................36 0OPULATIONAGING!CHALLENGEFORTHESTCENTURY ...................................37 !GE RELATEDCHANGESINIMMUNITY)MPLICATIONSFOR VACCINATIONINTHEELDERLY ............................................................................38 #ELLULARANALYSISOFIMPAIREDIMMUNITYAND IMMUNOSENESCENCE .......................................................................................39 %VALUATING4CELLRESPONSESTOINmUENZAVACCINATIONIN OLDERADULTS ...................................................................................................40 3EASONALINmUENZAVACCINATIONBYINTRADERMALMICROINJECTION
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