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What Size Viola?
From Violins and Violinists December 1943 What Size Viola? VIOLA EXPERIMENTA By Robert Dolejsi When the Violin finally reached her destiny in the ideal instrument that knows no peer today, and was recognized as the stringed mistress of the soprano family, it fell to the unfortunate lot of that hapless maiden Viola to become the subject of avid experimentation. In their search for an instrument of identical design and superb characteristics, makers, luthiers, artisans and, (indirectly through suggestion) composers and players, conducted intense experiments to find a medium of deeper register that would represent the alto and tenor voice and thus complete the quartet of strings. There is ample ground in all instrumental bibliography to support the theory that experimentation was one of the chief causes for the numerous sizes in fiddles that marked instrument making in the viola category from the 17th century onward. That generic English term Viol designated the instrument that succeeded the medieval fiddle. In literature at least, though not in actual invention, it preceded the violin family; for it must be emphasized that contrary to general conception, the viol was more the precursor and not the predecessor or direct ancestor of the violin. This distinction in progenitorship belongs to that branch of the instrumental tree represented by the rebec and Iyra—and all three branches were growing and developing simultaneously side by side. The experimental premise had already been laid in the highly variegated family of viols. Oddly enough, and paradoxically too, it appears that the viola or tenor ( the names were interchangeable during a period when great confusion in sizes and types existed ), was the first of the viol family to adopt changes in tuning and string number. -
Twelfth Night KEY CHARACTERS and SENSORY MOMENTS
Twelfth Night KEY CHARACTERS AND SENSORY MOMENTS Characters Viola Sebastian Olivia Malvolio Sir Andrew Sir Toby Feste Maria Orsino Antonio Sensory Moments Below is a chronological summary of the key sensory moments in each act and scene. Latex balloons are used onstage throughout the show. Visual, dialogue or sound cues indicating dramatic changes in light, noise or movement are in bold. PRESHOW • A preshow announcement plays over the loudspeaker and instruments tune onstage. ACT ONE SCENE ONE SENSORY MOMENTS • Feste begins to sing a song. When he puts DESCRIPTION a paper ship in the water, the storm begins. At Duke Orsino’s palace in Illyria, Cesario and There is frequent loud thunder, flickering others sing for Orsino. He’s in love with the lights and flashes of lightning via strobe countess Olivia, but it’s unrequited because she lights. Actors shout during the turmoil, is in mourning for her brother and won’t receive cymbals crash and drums rumble. his messengers. • The storm sequence lasts about 90 seconds. • After the storm, lights slowly illuminate SENSORY MOMENTS the stage. • Actors begin singing a song. Orsino enters the stage and picks up a balloon. When he walks to the center of the stage, the balloon SCENE TWO pops loudly. • When Orsino says, “Love-thoughts lie rich DESCRIPTION when canopied with bowers,” the actors Viola washes ashore in Illyria, saved by the leave the stage, suspenseful music plays and ship’s captain. She asks the captain to help her the lights go dark. disguise herself so she can get work in Orsino’s court. -
Bisexuality and Transvestitism in William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night
Articulāte Volume 2 Article 5 1997 Bisexuality and Transvestitism in William Shakespeare's Twelfth iN ght Julie Driscoll Denison University Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.denison.edu/articulate Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Driscoll, Julie (1997) "Bisexuality and Transvestitism in William Shakespeare's Twelfth iN ght," Articulāte: Vol. 2 , Article 5. Available at: http://digitalcommons.denison.edu/articulate/vol2/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Denison Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articulāte by an authorized editor of Denison Digital Commons. Julie Driscoll 25 or in the Renaissance, this was the role of Viola in Twelfth Night. duties. Her flourishing remarks and declaration of devotion to her BLSEXUALITY AM) TRANSVESTITLSM IN WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE'S The acceptance of such a practice has worked its way into society, imply a definite sexual attraction. However, she shares the same proving to be another perspective one can apply toward interpreta- Twi:um NIGHT attitude toward Orsino, suggesting that she would be a better woman tions of Twelfth Night. The way in which these devices affect the fit for him, as she has already devoted her service as an attendant. actions of characters is relevant in examining their intentions, de- Viola displays the same tone of love toward both Orsino and Olivia JULIE DRISCOLL '97 ceptions, and sexual desires throughout the play. and adorns each with varying compliments, exhibiting bisexual be- Historically, bisexuality has been written out of literature, and havior. possibly out of the Shakespeare canon. -
Proposed Core Literature Titles Twelfth Night, Or, What You Will
Proposed Core Literature Titles The following summary is provided by the California Department of Education’s “Recommended Literature List”, and the top three Google searches of the book title and author name that produced a description of the title. Twelfth Night, or, What You Will Proposed Grade Level: 8 Title: Twelfth Night, or, What You Will Author: William Shakespeare First Published: 2002 Lexile Level: 1140 Proposed Grade Level: 8 California Department of Education, Recommended Literature List: https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/cr/rl/ This title is on the CDE Recommended Literature List. Annotation: On the island of Illyria, Duke Orsino pines away for the love of the beautiful, but unapproachable Olivia. A tempest occurs that brings Viola and Sebastian to the shores, and a renewed pursuing of affection begins among the island's inhabitants. (Circa 1600.) Copyright: 1992: Original Copyright: 1600 Grade Level Span: 9-12 Genre: Drama Classification: Classic Topic: English-Language Arts/General Discipline: English Language Arts/Vocabulary; Visual and Performing Arts Descriptions From Top 3 Google Searches: Search: "Twelfth Night or What You Will" by William Shakespeare https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelfth_Night Viola is shipwrecked on the coast of Illyria and she comes ashore with the help of a Captain. She has lost contact with her twin brother, Sebastian, whom she believes to be drowned, and with the aid of the Captain, she disguises herself as a young man under the name Cesario and enters the service of Duke Orsino. Duke Orsino has convinced himself that he is in love with Olivia, who is mourning the recent deaths of her father and brother. -
B!.^:^ Been Tlen?!F Asi Bravo
November 1 9 1965 NEWSLETTER MO. 4 THE CATCHUP ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY As announced in the last issue,, a concert was «ivan at thn vw vm« in New York City on.. May 20,1965 at. whi* the S/vioJin "~" all eight members was presented toj public^ r,"*>"tfa^iD%««-_-, "Consort the The for True Violins",,— compose d^anf^^ed by The music gave each of the instruments a real, HenlHr^t their work-out, cSISL musical potential in various combinations of parts a^d fSfm^from solo, duo, and trio to a thick texture of the entiri oatet? B 00t f lhe"fffS? ne'w^^iSfeed^?!!.^:^ -" ° **«»"« %&£*£*£ Leopold Stokowski was in the large audience, and was del igbtS'd He told Louis Condax that he would never forget the sound of thf viola in The New York Times' Howard Klein quoted Maestro Stokowski ?s "We need to revise all. the orchestral instruments. The strings have needed this treatment for a long time. Now the woodwinds nS! -1 Z _LXi^ o motIL- In his review of May 21 „ 1.Q65,. Mr. Klein went on to say- "The produced wonderful and rumblings, the sonorities of. the Mgher viol fes re m high registers. The resonance of the c.foodTh p .food middle rln^e lis M lnst ent3 > whe paying their lowest notes, soundfd tiLT or¥?J£&nasal, so "there is workf to be done. But a the major step toward rwSvat'n* strings for the first time in 200 years has been tLen?!f aSi bravo^ msiola 8 who Vl^* «» new weref * instruments in their premiere concert __ Max Pollikoff Treble vjolin Lrnestine Briemeister Soprano violin Lllla Ealman — Mezzo violin lll^L^yf —- (vertical viola) Peter Rosenfeld TenorA"?.^?violinl^ Joseph Tekula Baritone violin David Walter Bass violin Stuart Sankey G ontrabass viol in Many members of the Catgut Acoustical Sooiaty, who shared m the have actually work of developing these instruments over the past sev-n years, were in the audience. -
Twelfth Night Edited by Rex Gibson Excerpt More Information
Cambridge University Press 0521618770 - Twelfth Night Edited by Rex Gibson Excerpt More information List of characters Illyria The Duke’s court The Countess’s household Orsino, Duke of Illyria Olivia, a countess Valentine, a courtier Sir Toby Belch, her uncle Curio, a courtier Malvolio, her steward Musicians Feste, her fool Lords Maria, her gentlewoman Officers Fabian, a servant APriest ASea Captain The visitors Viola, later called Cesario Sebastian, her twin brother Sir Andrew Aguecheek, suitor to Olivia Antonio, a friend to Sebastian Sailors The action of the play takes place in Illyria 1 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521618770 - Twelfth Night Edited by Rex Gibson Excerpt More information Twelfth Night Orsino calls for music to feed his hunger for love. He reflects that love is like the sea, absorbing and devaluing every other experience. He claims to be completely obsessed by his love for Olivia. 1 Orsino: in love or infatuated? (in groups of three) The best approach to Scene 1 is to take parts as Orsino, Curio and Valentine, and read it through. Then change roles and read through again. Don’t worry about unfamiliar words in these read-throughs, but afterwards work on the following activities: a Love or infatuation? The opening lines suggest the play will be much about love. But what sort of love? You will find various expressions of love throughout Twelfth Night. Many people believe Orsino is not truly in love, but is just infatuated, and wallows in his emotions. To discover your own views, speak lines 1–15 in different ways (e.g. -
Twelfth Night (C
Twelfth Night (c. 1602) Contextual information Quotes from Twelfth Night The earliest reference to Twelfth Night is in the diary of a law student, John Manningham. He saw the play performed on 2 February 1602 in Middle Temple Hall, in the legal Inns of Court in London at the Christian feast of Candelmas. The candle- lit hall in winter might have highlighted the play’s themes of darkness and illumination. View a photograph of Middle Temple Hall, the location for the first recorded performance of Twelfth Night The play’s title refers to a Christian festival twelve days after Christmas on January 5– 6. Before Henry VIII’s reforms to the English church, ‘twelfth night’ was celebrated with a period of carnival. Social hierarchies were temporarily re-arranged to become ‘topsy-turvy’ and a ‘Lord of Misrule’ was appointed. This 1559 painting by Pieter Bruegel the Elder represents the opposing forces of View The Fight between Carnival and Lent Carnival and Lent – raucous excess and religious restraint – which some see reflected in Twelfth Night. John Manningham compared Twelfth Night to other plays involving confusion between twins, including Shakespeare’s Comedy of Errors and an Italian drama called Gl’ Ingannati (1531) or ‘The Deceived’. In both Twelfth Night and Gl’Ingannati the twins are boy/girl pairs. But on the Italian stage, women were played by female actors, while in Shakespeare’s England they were played by men. Shakespeare had twins, Hamnet and Judith, born in 1585. Hamnet died in 1596, five years before Twelfth Night was first performed. Explore Gl’Ingannati, an Italian play about twins and mistaken identity The British Library | www.bl.uk/shakespeare 1 In his Symposium, the ancient Greek philosopher Plato, includes a fable explaining the origins of love, gender and sexuality: Humans were originally two joined creatures, but we grew overconfident, and Zeus punished us by splitting us down the middle. -
TWELFTH NIGHT Or What You Will by William Shakespeare
TWELFTH NIGHT or What You Will by William Shakespeare adapted by Ezra Flam CHARACTERS: VIOLA, twin sister of Sebastian (disguises as Cesario) SEBASTIAN, twin brother of Viola ORSINO, Duke of Illyria VALENTINE, attendant to Orsino CURIO, attendant to Orsino ATTENDANTS TO ORSINO OLIVIA, a Countess SIR TOBY BELCH, uncle of Olivia SIR ANDREW AGUECHEEK, friend of Sir Toby MARIA, attendant to Olivia. MALVOLIO, steward to Olivia. FABIAN, servant to Olivia ATTENDANTS TO OLIVIA FESTE, a Clown ANTONIA, a sailor SEA CAPTAIN PRIEST FIRST OFFICER SECOND OFFICER SERVANT MUSICIANS SETTING: A city in Illyria, and the wharf near it. Belmont High School Rehearsal Draft 9/16/14 ACT I, SCENE I: DUKE ORSINO’S PALACE MUSICIANS play. Enter DUKE ORSINO, CURIO, ATTENDANTS DUKE ORSINO If music be the food of love, play on— Give me excess of it, that, surfeiting, the appetite may sicken, and so die. That strain again! It had a dying fall. O, it came o’er my ear like the sweet sound that breathes upon a bank of violets, stealing and giving odor! MUSICIANS play Enough! No more. ‘Tis not so sweet now as it was before. CURIO Will you go hunt, my lord? DUKE ORSINO What, Curio? CURIO The hart. DUKE ORSINO Why, so I do, the noblest that I have. O, when mine eyes did see Olivia first methought she purged the air of pestilence! That instant was I turned into a hart and my desires, like fell and cruel hounds, e’er since pursue me— Enter VALENTINE How now! What news from her? VALENTINE So please my lord, I might not be admitted, but from her handmaid do return this answer: the element itself, till seven years’ heat, shall not behold her face at ample view 1 but, like a cloistress, she will veiléd walk, and water once a day her chamber round with eye-offending brine. -
Genderqueer Twelfth Night?
Genderqueer Twelfth Night? The Shakespeare-themed television comedy Upstart Crow ends each episode with the author and his shrewd wife, Ann, pondering events. One programme revolves around the ill-fated performance of a play called ‘Eighth Night’. As they smoke their pipes, Ann reassures Will that the time will come when his comedy will be truly appreciated, and he agrees that perhaps his world was not quite ready for a play about gender indeterminacy with a trans central character. Oh, and that Twelfth Night might have a better ring to it. The comic insight, that a play can change or be read differently because the historical context of its reception changes, is a truism about Shakespeare’s works. Part of Shakespeare’s appeal has been the ability of his plays to speak to issues and concerns that the Elizabethan world could barely have contemplated. His works are thus not primarily windows to some historical past but living theatrical organisms with sometimes surprising relevance to modern concerns. In this article I want to discuss some of the ways in which contemporary understandings of gender might reshape Twelfth Night, and to show how our understanding of the play has changed along with social attitudes. Twenty-first century Trans In their recent book Trans Like Me: A Journey for All of Us (2017), trans activist and musician CN Lester explains the meaning of the key term ‘trans’: ‘any person who, in some way or combinations of ways, has found that how they experience their gendered self does not fit with the gender and sex they were assigned at birth’. -
Twelfth Night Viola's Soliloquy Act 2 Scene 2
Twelfth Night Viola’s Soliloquy Act 2 Scene 2 There's quite a complicated set up to this soliloquy. Viola has been shipwrecked in a foreign land and to protect her honour has dressed as a man. She has been employed by Duke Orsino to deliver his messages of love to the beautiful Olivia. Unbeknown to Viola, Olivia was very taken with Orsino's attractive new messenger and has fallen in love with "him". In order to send a secret hint about her feelings to Viola, Olivia pretends that Viola gave her a ring as a present from Orsino and gets her "churlish messenger" to "return" it to her. Viola tries to work out what’s going on and comes to a surprising, unexpected, and complicated conclusion. Oh, I forgot to mention that Viola has fallen in love with Orsino. (I've cut a rather complicated line in which Viola laments that women are such weak and impressionable creatures. Neither Olivia nor Viola are weak nor impressionable. Viola: A modern translation I left no ring with her: what means this lady? What's all this with the ring? Fortune forbid my outside have not charmed her! Oh my God she has been charmed by disguise! She made good view of me; indeed, so much, Let's think this through, I thought she That sure methought her eyes had lost her tongue, was looking at me and speaking in an odd way. For she did speak in starts distractedly. She loves me, sure. The cunning of her passion She's fallen in love, that's what the ring Invites me in this churlish messenger. -
21St Century Consort Composer Performance List
21st Century Consort Composer List 1975 - 2019 Archive of performance recordings Hans Abrahamsen Winternacht (1976-78) 1986-12-06 (15:27) flute, clarinet, trumpet, French horn, piano, violin, cello, conductor John Adams Hallelujah Junction 2016-02-06 (17:25) piano, piano Road Movies 2012-05-05 (15:59) violin, piano Shaker Loops (1978) 2000-04-15 (26:34) violin, violin, violin, viola, cello, cello, contrabass, conductor Bruce Adolphe Machaut is My Beginning (1989) 1996-03-16 (5:01) violin, cello, flute, clarinet, piano Miguel Del Agui Clocks 2011-11-05 (20:46) violin, piano, viola, violin, cello Stephen Albert Treestone (1984) 1991-11-02 (38:15) soprano, tenor, violin, violin, viola, cello, bass, trumpet, clarinet, French horn, flute, percussion, piano, conductor Distant Hills Coming Nigh (1989-90) 1991-05-11 (31:28) tenor, soprano, violin, cello, bassoon, clarinet, viola, piano, French horn, double bass, flute, conductor Tribute (1988) 2002-01-26 (9:55) violin, piano Into Eclipse [New Version for Cello Solo Prepared by Jonathan Leshnoff] (2002) 2002-01-26 (31:53) violin, violin, viola, cello, cello, contrabass, flute, clarinet, trumpet, percussion, percussion, piano, conductor To Wake the Dead (1978) 1993-02-13 (27:24) soprano, violin, conductor Treestone (1978) 1984-03-17 (30:22) soprano, tenor, flute, clarinet, trumpet, horn, harp, violin, violin, viola, cello, bass, piano, percussion, conductor To Wake the Dead (1978) (Six Sentimental Songs and an Interlude After Finnegans Wake) 2013-02-23 (28:24) violin, clarinet, piano, flute, conductor, -
Title ID Titlename D0043 DEVIL's ADVOCATE D0044 a SIMPLE
Title ID TitleName D0043 DEVIL'S ADVOCATE D0044 A SIMPLE PLAN D0059 MERCURY RISING D0062 THE NEGOTIATOR D0067 THERES SOMETHING ABOUT MARY D0070 A CIVIL ACTION D0077 CAGE SNAKE EYES D0080 MIDNIGHT RUN D0081 RAISING ARIZONA D0084 HOME FRIES D0089 SOUTH PARK 5 D0090 SOUTH PARK VOLUME 6 D0093 THUNDERBALL (JAMES BOND 007) D0097 VERY BAD THINGS D0104 WHY DO FOOLS FALL IN LOVE D0111 THE GENERALS DAUGHER D0113 THE IDOLMAKER D0115 SCARFACE D0122 WILD THINGS D0147 BOWFINGER D0153 THE BLAIR WITCH PROJECT D0165 THE MESSENGER D0171 FOR LOVE OF THE GAME D0175 ROGUE TRADER D0183 LAKE PLACID D0189 THE WORLD IS NOT ENOUGH D0194 THE BACHELOR D0203 DR NO D0204 THE GREEN MILE D0211 SNOW FALLING ON CEDARS D0228 CHASING AMY D0229 ANIMAL ROOM D0249 BREAKFAST OF CHAMPIONS D0278 WAG THE DOG D0279 BULLITT D0286 OUT OF JUSTICE D0292 THE SPECIALIST D0297 UNDER SIEGE 2 D0306 PRIVATE BENJAMIN D0315 COBRA D0329 FINAL DESTINATION D0341 CHARLIE'S ANGELS D0352 THE REPLACEMENTS D0357 G.I. JANE D0365 GODZILLA D0366 THE GHOST AND THE DARKNESS D0373 STREET FIGHTER D0384 THE PERFECT STORM D0390 BLACK AND WHITE D0391 BLUES BROTHERS 2000 D0393 WAKING THE DEAD D0404 MORTAL KOMBAT ANNIHILATION D0415 LETHAL WEAPON 4 D0418 LETHAL WEAPON 2 D0420 APOLLO 13 D0423 DIAMONDS ARE FOREVER (JAMES BOND 007) D0427 RED CORNER D0447 UNDER SUSPICION D0453 ANIMAL FACTORY D0454 WHAT LIES BENEATH D0457 GET CARTER D0461 CECIL B.DEMENTED D0466 WHERE THE MONEY IS D0470 WAY OF THE GUN D0473 ME,MYSELF & IRENE D0475 WHIPPED D0478 AN AFFAIR OF LOVE D0481 RED LETTERS D0494 LUCKY NUMBERS D0495 WONDER BOYS