Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 18(4) 790-797 2019 DOI: 10.22092/ijfs.2018.116900 Life history and other biological traits of buhsei (Kessler,1877) in the Gharachay River,

Yazdani Z.1; Vatandoust S.2; Khayatzadeh J.3*

Received: December 2014 Accepted: October 2017

Abstract Capoeta buhsei is native in the Namak Lake basin and biological aspects of life history of this in Iranian waters is not very well known. Life history of this fish examined by collecting 92 samples in Gharachay River. Sampling done by using Electroshoker in July and January 2011 and October 2012. The maximum age was found +4 years in female. Sex Ratio (male: female) was 1:0.73, and length –weight relationship was BW=35.55.TL3.2 in male and BW=14.8. TL3.07 in female. Mean egg diameter (ED) was 0.8726  0.12 mm ranging from 0.67 to 1.1 mm. Mean absolute (AF) and relative fecundity (RF) were 4917.2157 (  1690.04 SE) egg female-1 and 69.1 ( 16.15 SE) eggs g-1 body weight, respectively. AF and ED were found to increase significantly with increasing fish size, whereas RF increased significantly with both fish TL and weight.

Keywords: Capoeta buhsei, Life history, Egg diameter, Reproduction, Fecundity

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1-Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, , 2-Department of Fisheries, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran 3-Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Islamic Azad university University, Branch, Mashhad, Iran *Corresponding author's Email: [email protected]

791 Yazdani et al., Life history and other biological traits of…

Introduction The reproduction cycle of the C. buhsei Capoeta buhsei (Kessler, 1877) is a in Gharachay River is known to start Cyprinid species and native fish in the from August and extend to January, so Namak Lake basin, encompassing specimens were collected from middle much of the Iranian part of Esfehan, parts of the river during these months in Zaribar Lake in Kordestan, Kol River 2011 and 2012, by using an near Darab in Hormozgan basin and electroshoker device with 1.7 kw Power Jazmorian Compared with the other and 200-300 V voltage. All fish species of family, many specimens were immediately preserved biological aspects of C.buhsei life cycle in 10% formaldehyde solution to remains unknown. Growth and subsequent examination in the reproduction featured differences are laboratory. Total length (TL), body unknown between the populations of weight (BW) and gonad weight (0.01g) this species are existing and living in of all samples were measured in the various regions, and these differences laboratory. Age was determined by are fundamental for understanding the observing operculum taken from both specie's life history patterns. The aim of sides, which were Validated with scale the this study is to introduce the first and cleithra [SE1] readings. Opercula detailed data on the growth and life- were observed for banding patterns history cycle of C. buhsei in the three times, each time by a different Gharachay River in Saveh. person using a binocular microscope under reflected light at 20-30X. The Materials and methods relationship between the TL and TW The Gharachay River is located in the was determined by fitting the data with Markazi Province (Latitude: 52o53'34" the equation TW=aTLb, where a is the E; longitude: 50o22'48" N , altitude: intercept and b is the slope (coefficient Downloaded from jifro.ir at 11:07 +0330 on Thursday September 30th 2021 960m) of allometry) .

Figure 1: Total length (mm) frequency of males and females of Capoeta buhsei in Gharachay River, Saveh.

Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 18(4) 2019 792

Male

male

(g) Total Weight

Total Length (mm)

Total Length (mm)

female

Total Weilght (g) Total Weilght

Total Length (mm)

Figure 2: Relative growth curves (total length – total weight) of males, and females of Capoeta buhsei in Gharachay River, Saveh.

Downloaded from jifro.ir at 11:07 +0330 on Thursday September 30th 2021 Sex was determined by visual AF was estimated using the examination of the gonad tissue by eye gravimetric method, using three pieces or by using stereomicroscope. removed around anterior, medial and Gonadosomatic index (GSI%= posterior parts of the ovary. RF was [gonad weight ÷ Tw] ×100) was calculated as RF=AF/TW. calculated for each fish and all the Mean egg diameter was examined by mean values was calculated for each measuring 25-30 eggs taken randomly sampling date. In order to estimate from pieces of the ovary of 39 ripe absolute (AF) and relative (RF) females used for fecundity fecundities, the ovaries of 39 ripe determination. Measurements were females with maturity stage IV were made to the nearest 0.05 mm with an used. Ovaries were removed, weighed ocular micrometer microscope. and then placed in Gilson's fluid for 3-4 Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) days to harden eggs and dissolve was performed to test significance ovarian membranes. differences in weight length 793 Yazdani et al., Life history and other biological traits of…

relationships between sexes. The pattern of allometric growth. GSI was overall sex ratio was assessed using the significantly lower in males than chi-square test. Comparison of GSI females, with the highest mean value values between sexes was carried out observed in January for both sex, by analysis of variance (ANOVA). 4.6  0.5 SE and 2.08 0.3 SE in Statistical analyses were performed November, 2.7 0.3 SE in Aug, in 2011 with the SPSS 19 software package and and 2012, respectively. Spawning was a significant level of 0.05 was accepted. first observed in August, so the reproductive period for this species in Results Gharachay River, Saveh is August to In the 92 specimens of the captured C. January. buhsei maximum age in both sexes was Mean egg size was 0.8726 0.12 SE age +4, with males ranging from 64/74 mm, with the majority of oocyte to 202/79 mm, TL and 17.26 to 82.81 ranging from 0.67 to 1.1 mm. Egg gr. TW and females ranging from 76/5 diameter was positively correlated with to 222/44 mm TL and 25 to 101.05 gr both TL and TW. TW. The most frequent size class in the Minimum absolute fecundity (AF) samples was 133-148 mm for males and was 4917.2157 ( 1690.04 SE) eggs 178-182 mm for females (Fig. 1). The per female. AF was found to increase overall sex ratio was 0.73:1 female: significantly with increasing fish size. males, with males significantly more Mean RF was 69.1 ( 16.15 SE), prevalent than (x2=0.14, p<0.05). ranging from 38.91 to 98/42 eggs g-1. Length – weight relationships were RF was found to increase significantly significant with a high regression with both fish TL and TW. coefficient (Figs. 1, 2). The coefficients of the calculated Downloaded from jifro.ir at 11:07 +0330 on Thursday September 30th 2021 regressions were significantly different between each of considered groups. The slope b values indicate a positive

Ova Diameter

Ova Diameter

Total Weight (g) Total Length (mm)

Figure 3: Relationship between ovarium diameter and total length (mm) and total weight (g) of female trout barb Capoeta buhsei in the Gharachay River, Saveh. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 18(4) 2019 794

Absolute Fecundity Total weight (mm)

Absolute Fecundity Total Lenght (mm)

Figure 4: Relationship between absolute fecundity and fish total length (mm) and total weight (g) of female Capoeta buhsei in the Gharachay River, Saveh.

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Relative FecundityRelative Total Length (mm)

Relative FecundityRelative

Total weight (g) Figure 5: Relationship between relative fecundity and fish total weight (mm) and total length (g) of female Capoeta buhsei in the Gharachay River, Saveh.

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Discussion buhsci is not subject to commercial Life – history variables of organisms exploitation in the Gharachay River. are often known to vary among habitats Environmental conditions are the likely and geographical locations and C. sources of the observed variations. buhsei of the Gharachy system of Saveh C. buhsei growth is positively is no exception. Prior to the present isometric in the Gharachay River, with study, no published data were available differences between males and females on the life history of this species in explainable by differences in the size Iran, though information is available of distributions of the two sexes. In the some other Capoeta species (e.g. C. Gharachay population, the observed , C. damascina) in slope (b) values, which reflect the northern and central of Iran. Therefore, influence of local environmental factors comparisons are only possible with on growth, differ from those found for other Capoeta species and with trout the species in Karakaya Reservoir barb populations in other countries. (Kalkan, 2006), where positive As with other Capoeta species, C. isometric growth was reported for buhsei was found to be reasonably fast females (b=-3.07) and positive growing and short lived, with females isometric growth for males (b=3.20). exhibiting a much wider range in length The GSI values for C. buhsei of the and a higher maximum length. Gharachy River indicate that the Observed maximum in Gharachay relative investment in reproduction by River is lower than those reported in the two sexes is similar to that reported Turkish waters: +10 in Ceyhan River for the Tajan River in south of the (Alp et al., 2005), +12 in Karasu River Caspian Sea, where a maximum GSI in (Turkmen et al., 2002),+7 in karakaya females (8.3) was achieved in January lake (Kalkan, 2006), +10 in Oltu from (Shajee, 2007). Downloaded from jifro.ir at 11:07 +0330 on Thursday September 30th 2021 Coruh (Yildirim and Sitki Aras, 2000). Even though differences in the timing Differences in maximum length are also of spawning has been reported for observed between populations, with C. Capoeta in Turkey (Yildirim and Sitki buhsei of Gharachay River being Aras, 2000; Turkmen et al., 2002; Alp smaller than those recorded in Turkey, et al., 2005, Kalkan, 2006) and Iran 34.60 cm TL in the Ceyhan River (Alp (Badrifaiman, 2004; Johari, 2007; et al., 2005) 36.6 cm TL in Karasu Gholizade, 2008) it seems that River (Turkmen et al., 2002) and 37.70 reproductive investment by females (as cm TL in the Karakaya Lake (Kalkan, expressed by GSI) is not significantly 2006). different among population, an Variations in maximum age and fish important parameter in the reproductive size can usually be explained by strategy for this species. differences in food resource Absolute fecundity in the Gharachay availability, individual growth rates, River population of C. buhsei natural selection processes, and, or (4917  1690 SE) was lower than the exploitation patterns. Because C. mean value for the species in Tajan Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 18(4) 2019 796

River, Karasu River, Meyme River, Johari, S., 2007. An investigate of which reflects the smaller maximum some biological characteristics of egg diameter (0.87mm) observed in Capoeta fusca in Birjand. Shilat Gharachay River population than Magazine.1, 40-46 (In Farsi). reported for population in Turkey: 1.7 Gholizade, M., 2008. An investigate of in Karasu River (Kalkan, 2006) and 1.6 morphology and growth of capote in the Meymeh River (Patimar and gracilis in Zarrin Farzi, 2011). Gol, Golestan. Agricultural and Lower absolute fecundity and smaller Natural Resources Magazine.16,40- ova suggests a lower energetic 45 (In Farsi). investment per egg in the Gharachay Shajee, H., 2007. An Investigate on River population, and this increase with reproduction biology on south of increasing female size. This is also Khazar (Tajan River). evident in the minimum and maximum biology Magazine.3, 38-44 values for absolute fecundity (AF) Alp, A., Kara C., Murat H. and compared with those reported for the Bulbul O., 2005. Age, growth and Turkish Euphrates (2133-8501/76 condition of Capoeta capoeta eggs), though C. buhsei in the angorae (Hanko 1924) from the Gharachay River demonstrated a wider upper water systems of the Ceyhan range of AF values as well as an AF River, Turkey. Turkish Journal of dependency on fish size. This indicates Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 29, an increasing total energetic investment 665-676. in reproduction with increasing fish Asadollah,S.; Soffiani, N.M., keivany, size. Y. and Shadkhast, M., 2011. In Conclusion, the C. buhsei population Reproduction of Capoeta damascina in the Gharachay River differs in its life (Valenciennes, 1842), a Cyprinid Downloaded from jifro.ir at 11:07 +0330 on Thursday September 30th 2021 history traits relative to other fish in Zayandeh-Roud River, Iran. populations, reflecting adaptations to Journal of Applied Ichthyology. the environmental conditions associated 27,1061-1066 with the climate of Markazi Province. Kalkan, E., 2006. Growth and Future comparative studies are reproduction properties of Capoeta recommended in order to reveal the trutta (Heckel, 1843) in Karakaya processer underlying adaptation in Dam lake. Turkish Journal of different habitats of distribution range. Zoology, 32, 1-10. Patimar, R. and Farzi, S., 2011. Life References history and other biological traits of Badrifaiman, M., 2004. An investigate the trout barb Capoeta trutta in on some biological characteristics of River Meymeh. Folia zool, 60(2), Capoeta fussca on Ghanat 153-158. ecosystem, Talab Magazine, 4, 65- Turkmen, M., Erdogan, O., Yildirim 77 (In Farsi). A. and Akyurt, l., 2002. Reproduction tactics, age and growth 797 Yazdani et al., Life history and other biological traits of…

of Capoeta capoeta umbla (Heckel 1843) from the Askale Region of Karasu River, Turkey. Fisheries Research, 54, 317-328. Yildirim, A. and Sitki Aras, M., 2000. Some reproduction characteristics of Capoeta tinca (Heckel, 1843) living in the Olto Stream of Coroh Basin. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 24, 45-1 01.

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