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Institute of Zoology Review 2016-17 REVIEW 2016-17 INSTITUTE OF ZOOLOGY ZOOLOGY OF INSTITUTE SCIENCE FOR CONSERVATION FOR SCIENCE ZSL Institute of Zoology Review | 2016-17 Sambar deer (Rusa unicolor), Sariska National Park, India, location of the CONTENTS Interventions in Wildlife Health field course Welcome 3 The Institute’s global reach 4 Institute news 6 Director’s intro 8 Impacts Making an impact 9 The ‘one health’ approach 10 Saving small populations from extinction 12 Wildlife microbiomes 14 Monitoring species through telemetry 16 Fostering coexistence between people and nature 18 Conservation genetics 20 Highlights Research 23 Research highlights 24 How our science is done 28 Education and training 30 ZSL Library 33 Communicating science 34 ZSL Scientific Awards 36 Funding 37 Governance and staff 38 2 ZSL Science Review 2016-17 zsl.org WELCOME The President and Director General of the Zoological Society of London present the Institute of Zoology Review 2016-17. s President of the Zoological Society of London, I am he Institute of Zoology is at the forefront of tackling the pleased to introduce the Institute of Zoology Annual Review. challenges faced by the world’s most seriously threatened One of the key successes of 2016 was the successful wildlife, developing new techniques and a deeper translocationA of hihi to the New Zealand mainland since their Tunderstanding of the issues at hand to help drive conservation disappearance from the area over a century ago. The Institute’s action across the globe. researchers have been working with hihi for over a decade, In 2016 our scientists made a step forward in the fight to eradicate alongside several conservation partners and the New Zealand fungal pathogens, such as chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium Government, and the successful growth of hihi populations dendrobatidis), a disease that has devastated amphibian populations represents the project’s strong emphasis on planned research globally. A new study indicated that microbiome diversity could be a and theoretical frameworks. critical trait in predicting host resistance to disease, and research will Another area I am extremely proud of is our work to understand continue into whether microbiome diversity can weaken pathogens. and mitigate the effects of infectious pathogens on wildlife Meanwhile, our UK Cetacean Strandings Investigation Programme health. The increased pace of human activity – motorised continues to monitor strandings and put pressure on the UK transport, the encroachment of wildlife habitats and an expanding Government to speed up the destruction of polychlorinated biphenyls population – has exposed both wildlife and humans to infections (PCBs) through a variety of policy-focused reports. PCBs pose a major they have not previously contended with. Our major research in global threat to the future of marine apex predators, such as killer this area includes the discovery of snake fungal disease in Europe; whales, and the issue was widely covered in several broadsheet providing the scientific evidence demonstrating that culling of newspapers – bringing the toxic legacy of PCBs to public attention badgers increases the risk of bovine tuberculosis spillover to more than ever before. livestock; and a 10-year study into the ecology of pathogens We are dedicated to educating the scientists of the future, supporting carried by West African fruit bats. more than 100 PhD and master’s students, and we remain one of the ZSL’s Institute of Zoology remains at the cutting edge of world’s leading institutions for zoological study. We continue to run MSc developing conservation technology to address the long-term courses in Wild Animal Biology and Wild Animal Health, in collaboration issues facing wildlife. Genetic diversity is crucial to the future with the University of London’s Royal Veterinary College, and support survival of species, and the Institute has developed new software capacity building in developing nations through our ‘Interventions in to evaluate genetic diversity based on population size, as well Wildlife Health’ field course. Meanwhile, our Soapbox Science initiative as new methods for estimating individual relationships based provides a platform for women scientists to encourage greater diversity on genetic marker data. in the next generation of research scientists. This review presents six key impact areas in which our research Finally, as we look back at the past 12 months at the Institute, I must is making a difference to conservation and increasing our take this opportunity to announce my own retirement after 13 years at understanding of the natural world. Thank you to those involved, the helm of this incredible Society. ZSL’s Institute of Zoology is vital to whose tireless diligence makes our work possible. the future of our wildlife and it has been an honour to be a part of such an important organisation. Professor Sir John Beddington CMG, FRS Ralph Armond President, Zoological Society of London Director General, Zoological Society of London zsl.org ZSL Science Review 2016-17 3 GLOBAL REACH The Institute’s global reach A Iceland B United Kingdom The light-bellied brent goose (Branta bernicla Previously found in almost every county of England and Wales, the hrota) has one of the longest migratory journeys common dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) has undergone of any goose species, and spends most of May a marked decline over the past century. The Institute’s refuelling in Iceland before breeding in the High Disease Risk Analysis and Health Surveillance team Arctic. Institute researchers, in collaboration carries out essential research on disease management with the University of Exeter and the University for reintroduction, for example, screening dormice of Iceland, are using long-term ringing data to for pathogens that could present a health risk for the understand how differences in migratory route dormice themselves or other wildlife at the release and habitat use during the Icelandic staging site. In 2016, in partnership with the People’s Trust for period can influence individual reproductive Endangered Species and Natural England, 38 dormice success. Understanding how individuals use were released into managed woodland in the Yorkshire foraging resources across their entire annual Dales National Park. range, and how these patterns drive variation in breeding success, has important implications for the management of threatened populations in the wild. A B D C Mauritius Only 25 years ago, fewer than 20 echo parakeets (Psittacula eques) remained in the wild after widespread habitat loss and increasing competition with introduced, exotic species. Through the intense work of the Mauritian Wildlife Foundation, the population has now increased to almost 600 wild birds. Institute research is examining the underlying demography of the population and, in particular, its response to environmental conditions, disease and management actions, to ensure a long- term, viable population. To find out more about our current research projects, visit zsl.org/science/research 4 ZSL Science Review 2016-17 zsl.org Institute of Zoology research is truly international. Each dot on the map represents at least one project. Here, we highlight six projects that illustrate the breadth of our work. D Spain E Namibia The Institute has partnered with the Spanish National Ephemeral rivers are fundamental to Research Council for almost 20 years, investigating biodiversity in arid lands. Although dry and the geographic distributions and impacts of emergent sandy for most of the year, their groundwater viral and fungal diseases of amphibians. Our work has supports riparian woodlands, which act as identified species and amphibian habitats most at risk a linear oasis, providing food and shelter of ranavirus and chytridiomycosis, the diseases that to a wide variety of desert animals, as well as most threaten Europe’s amphibian biodiversity. We natural resources to local people. However, have been developing strategies to mitigate disease these unique ecosystems are under threat. In impacts, including characterising skin microbial Namibia, we have been investigating widespread communities that can help amphibians fend off and decline among the riparian trees of the Swakop River, one of the clear infections, and applying antifungal and antiviral country’s most important rivers (and on which our Tsaobis Baboon interventions that have, in some cases, cleared Project is based). Our results suggest that damming is largely infections from isolated amphibian populations. responsible, but that the management of tributary flows may help Our goal is to ensure the survival of the novel and to alleviate local impacts. highly endemic Spanish amphibian species community in the face of F New Zealand an ever-expanding repertoire of The New Zealand fairy tern (Sternula threatening infectious diseases. nereis) is New Zealand’s rarest bird. Only 39 adult individuals remain and this tiny population is facing a range of threats, including human encroachment on breeding habitat and predation from non-native mammalian species. A recent evaluation of past recovery actions has called for more aggressive strategies that may promote recovery, but that are also risky. This includes translocation to establish breeding colonies in areas protected from predators and away from beachfront development. Institute researchers are working closely with the Department of Conservation in New Zealand to compare alternative recovery strategies, thus allowing an evidence-based choice of management that provides
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