DOCSLIB.ORG

Assessing the Excitability Changes of DRG Neurons in Models of Diabetic Neuropathy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Assessing the Excitability Changes of DRG Neurons in Models of Diabetic Neuropathy Assessing the Excitability Changes of DRG Neurons in Models of Diabetic Neuropathy Katerina Kaloyanova Kaloyanova A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Sheffield Faculty of Science Department of Biomedical Science April / 2021 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Mohammed Nassar. From the day we met, he has shown unwavering belief in me and my potential. He always prioritised my health and mental wellbeing and made me believe in myself, even during my most difficult times of self-doubt. Since day one, he has treated me as an equal colleague and listened and considered my ideas and questions. Despite his extremely busy schedule, he always found time to help with any difficulties I had, both personal and professional. Because of his never- ending patience and support, I never felt alone in my challenges throughout the last four years. Dr. Nassar’s extensive scientific knowledge and professionalism made this work what it is, but his kindness, enthusiasm and profound belief in my abilities made me the scientist I am today. I feel truly lucky and blessed to have had the best supervisor one could have asked for. Thank you! You made me a better scientist and person and for that I will be eternally grateful. I am extremely grateful to my advisors Dr. Liz Seward and Prof. Walter Marcotti for their encouragement as well as expert guidance and constructive remarks, which helped refine and advance this research. I would also like to extend my sincerest thanks to Zainab Mohammed for training and helping me in the first months of this degree and trusting me with continuing some of her own work. I would also like to thank Nadya and Jiahao, whose contribution to the data analysis for Chapter 5 was instrumental to the results presented here. During this degree, I was fortunate to meet some exceptional people: Eve, Judit and Mohamed, who were always around to lend a listening ear, for a laugh or just a chat. With you around, this experience was enjoyable despite the difficulties. My special thanks are extended to Mohamed – thank you for checking on me and keeping me company during the long hours of calcium imaging experiments, for your endless encouraging and comforting words and for supporting me through my worries – big or small. I wish to also thank my closest friends Elisabetta, Beth and Ainhoa who have been by my side since we all started our first science degrees together. Thank you all for your understanding and positive vibes. Ainhoa, we went through this hand in hand and you understood my struggles better than anyone. Thank you for the numerous coffees, chats, advice and your sincere friendship. My sincere appreciation goes to Patrick Wood, for all his love and continuing support. Thank you for encouraging me to be ambitious and embark on this journey. Thank you for helping me practice all my talks and presentations, for listening to my venting, for making me laugh so hard I cry and for always taking care of me when I could not do it myself. You are my home and family here. Finally, I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to my loving family in Bulgaria. Thank you for encouraging your only child to begin her education in a country so far away from you 8 years ago. Thank you for all your sacrifices, all your phone calls, all the postcards and parcels you have sent. Thank you for reminding me of how far I have come in times when I felt that I could not continue. Your tremendous belief and trust empower me to achieve things I never believed I could. This work is fully dedicated to you – my parents. I love you both. ABSTRACT Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the most common type of neuropathy, with 25-50% of patients experiencing pain at any stage of its progression. However, the understanding of the pathophysiology of DN is still incomplete. No disease-modifying treatments have yet been developed and pain is only treated symptomatically with drugs targeting the central nervous system (CNS). These have limited efficacy and can produce serious side effects. Research into novel analgesics is turning away from the CNS and now focusing on the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and more specifically the pain-sensing neurons (nociceptors) to produce better-targeted and safer treatments. However, to this end, a suitable medium-to-high throughput screening tool is needed, able to discriminate nociceptors from non-nociceptors in a heterogeneous cell population, such as the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Previously, our lab showed a link between the veratridine (VTD)-induced oscillatory (OS) and slow decay (SD) calcium response profiles with nociceptors and non-nociceptors, respectively. Here, we validated the VTD-response profiles as broad functional markers of these DRG subpopulations using mice with genetically ablated nociceptors (1.8-DTA). Then, by using voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) blockers with different specificities, we demonstrated that the VTD- Ca2+ imaging assay can be used as a drug screening platform for drugs, individually or in novel combinations. The VTD-Ca2+ imaging assay was then applied in combination with nociceptive agonists to investigate the excitability changes in distinct neuronal subpopulations during DN. In db/db mice, during the early metabolic phase, small- to medium-diameter nociceptors showed 1.4 -fold increased sensitivity to CAP and 1.2-fold increased VGSC excitability. In the late, NEU phase, small-diameter nociceptors showed increased sensitivity to CAP (1.6-fold) and increased VGSC excitability (1.4-fold), whereas medium nociceptors show decreased sensitivity to AITC (1.8-fold) . This is the first study to characterise phase- and subpopulation- specific excitability changes in the well-established db/db mouse model. Collectively, these results point to specific subpopulations of DRG neurons affected during the early and late stages of DN. These findings could aid in the better targeting of novel therapies for the treatment of DN and pain. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the VTD-Ca2+ imaging assay can be applied as a tool for the characterisation of excitability changes in distinct DRG subpopulations during neuropathological conditions such as DN. DECLARATION I declare that the work presented in this thesis is my own original research and has been composed entirely by myself. All supporting literature, resources, and collaborative contributions have been acknowledged clearly. Part of this work has been published prior to submission of this thesis under the title: “An unbiased and efficient assessment of excitability of sensory neurons for analgesic drug discovery” PAIN, 2020 Signature: Katerina Kaloyanova Kaloyanova, April 2021 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS •OH Superhydroxyl AGE Advanced glycation end products AITC Allyl isothiocyanate AMH Aδ-mechano-heat AP Action potential AR Aldose reductase ATP Adenosine 5’-triphosphate AUC Area under curve CAP Capsaicin CGRP Calcitonin gene-related peptide CIP Channelopathy-associated insensitivity to pain CNS Central nervous system DAG Diacylglycerol DN Diabetic neuropathy DoA Days of age DRG Dorsal root ganglia eGFP Enhanced green fluorescent protein FADH2 Flavin dinucleotide + hydrogen FEPS Familial episodic pain syndrome FFAs Free fatty acids GECI Genetically encoded calcium indicator GlcNac 5-diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine GLUT Glucose transporter GoF Gain of function GP Glutathione peroxidase H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide HFD High fat diet IB4 Isolectin B4 ID Intermediate decay IEM Inherited erythromelalgia IENF Intraepidermal nerve fibre iPSC Induced pluripotent stem cell IR Insulin resistance KO Knock-out LDL Low density lipoproteins LoF Loss of function LOX1 Oxidized-LDL-receptor 1 LTMR Low-threshold mechanoreceptors NADH Nicotinamide dinucleotide + hydrogen NADPH Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NCV Nerve conduction velocity NF200 Neurofilament 200 NOD Non-obese diabetic OS Oscillatory P2X3 P2X purinoceptor 3 PARP Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase PC12 Pheochromocytoma cells PDN Painful diabetic neuropathy PKA Protein kinase A PKC Protein kinase C PNS Peripheral nervous system RAGE Receptor for advanced glycation end products RD Rapid decay RMP Resting membrane potential ROS Reactive oxygen species SC Schwann cell scRNA-seq Single-cell PCR and RNA sequencing SD Slow decay SNRI Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors STZ Streptozotocin T1D Type 1 diabetes T1DN Type 1 diabetic neuropathy T2D Type 2 diabetes T2DN Type 2 diabetic neuropathy TCA Tricyclic antidepressants TH Tyrosine hydroxylase TLR4 Toll-like receptor 4 TRP Transient receptor potential-activated TTX Tetrodotoxin TTX-R Tetrodotoxin resistant TTX-S Tetrodotoxin sensitive VGCC Voltage-gated calcium channels VGKC Voltage-gated potassium channels VGSC Voltage-gated sodium channel VTD Veratridine WoA Weeks of age TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ____________________________________________________________ II ABSTRACT _______________________________________________________________________ III DECLARATION ____________________________________________________________________IV LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ___________________________________________________________ V CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ________________________________________________________ 1 1.1. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA (DRG) NEURONS ____________________________ 2 1.1.1. DRG NEURONS: HETEROGENEITY AND CLASSIFICATION ______________________________________ 3 1.1.2. DRG NEURONS EXCITABILITY _______________________________________________________
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Extensive Exposure to Tear Gases in Ankara
    Turk Thorac J 2019 DOI: 10.5152/TurkThoracJ.2018.18096 Original Article Extensive Exposure to Tear Gases in Ankara Aslıhan Ilgaz1 , Filiz Çağla Küçük Uyanusta2 , Peri Arbak3 , Arif Müezzinoğlu4 , Tansu Ulukavak Çiftçi5 , Serdar Akpınar6 , Hikmet Fırat6 , Selma Fırat Güven7 , Bülent Çiftçi8 , Selen Karaoğlanoğlu9 , Elif Dağlı10 , Feyza Erkan11 1Clinic of Pulmonary Diseases, Middle East Technical University, Medical Center, Ankara, Turkey 2Clinic of Pulmonary Diseases, ARTE Hekimköy Medical Center, Ankara, Turkey 3Department of Chest Diseases, Düzce University School of Medicine, Düzce, Turkey 4Ankara Chamber of Medical Doctors, Commission of Workers’ Health and Occupational Physicians, Ankara, Turkey 5Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey 6Clinic of Chest Diseases, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey 7Sleep Disorders Center, Atatürk Chest Diseases, Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey 8Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Bozok University School of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey 9Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Ordu University School of Medicine, Ordu, Turkey 10Clinic of Child Chest Diseases, Acıbadem Fulya Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey 11Department of Pulmonary Medicine, İstanbul University İstanbul School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey Cite this article as: Ilgaz A, Küçük Uyanusta FÇ, Arbak P, et al. Extensive Exposure to Tear Gases in Ankara. Turk Thorac J 2019; DOI: 10.5152/TurkThoracJ.2018.18096 Abstract OBJECTIVES: The most common chemical substances used as mass control agents are chloroacetophenone, chlorobenzylidene malono- nitrile, and oleoresin capsicum. These agents not only have local and rapid effects but also have systemic and long-term effects. The aim of the present study was to discuss the patterns of tear gas exposure and to investigate its effects on respiratory functions.
    [Show full text]
  • A Simplified Fascial Model of Pelvic Anatomical Surgery: Going Beyond
    Anatomical Science International https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-020-00553-z ORIGINAL ARTICLE A simplifed fascial model of pelvic anatomical surgery: going beyond parametrium‑centered surgical anatomy Stefano Cosma1 · Domenico Ferraioli2 · Marco Mitidieri3 · Marcello Ceccaroni4 · Paolo Zola5 · Leonardo Micheletti1 · Chiara Benedetto1 Received: 13 March 2020 / Accepted: 5 June 2020 © The Author(s) 2020 Abstract The classical surgical anatomy of the female pelvis is limited by its gynecological oncological focus on the parametrium and burdened by its modeling based on personal techniques of diferent surgeons. However, surgical treatment of pelvic diseases, spreading beyond the anatomical area of origin, requires extra-regional procedures and a thorough pelvic anatomical knowl- edge. This study evaluated the feasibility of a comprehensive and simplifed model of pelvic retroperitoneal compartmen- talization, based on anatomical rather than surgical anatomical structures. Such a model aims at providing an easier, holistic approach useful for clinical, surgical and educational purposes. Six fresh-frozen female pelves were macroscopically and systematically dissected. Three superfcial structures, i.e., the obliterated umbilical artery, the ureter and the sacrouterine ligament, were identifed as the landmarks of 3 deeper fascial-ligamentous structures, i.e., the umbilicovesical fascia, the urogenital-hypogastric fascia and the sacropubic ligament. The retroperitoneal areolar tissue was then gently teased away, exposing the compartments delimited by these deep fascial structures. Four compartments were identifed as a result of the intrapelvic development of the umbilicovesical fascia along the obliterated umbilical artery, the urogenital-hypogastric fascia along the mesoureter and the sacropubic ligaments. The retroperitoneal compartments were named: parietal, laterally to the umbilicovesical fascia; vascular, between the two fasciae; neural, medially to the urogenital-hypogastric fascia and visceral between the sacropubic ligaments.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology Editors: Damian Ballam Msc and Allister Vale MD
    Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology Editors: Damian Ballam MSc and Allister Vale MD April 2015 CONTENTS General Toxicology 9 Metals 44 Management 22 Pesticides 49 Drugs 23 Chemical Warfare 51 Chemical Incidents & 36 Plants 52 Pollution Chemicals 37 Animals 52 CURRENT AWARENESS PAPERS OF THE MONTH Acute toxicity profile of tolperisone in overdose: observational poison centre-based study Martos V, Hofer KE, Rauber-Lüthy C, Schenk-Jaeger KM, Kupferschmidt H, Ceschi A. Clin Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1022896: Introduction Tolperisone is a centrally acting muscle relaxant that acts by blocking voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels. There is a lack of information on the clinical features of tolperisone poisoning in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the demographics, circumstances and clinical features of acute overdoses with tolperisone. Methods An observational study of acute overdoses of tolperisone, either alone or in combination with one non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in a dose range not expected to cause central nervous system effects, in adults and children (< 16 years), reported to our poison centre between 1995 and 2013. Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology is produced monthly for the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology by the Birmingham Unit of the UK National Poisons Information Service, with contributions from the Cardiff, Edinburgh, and Newcastle Units. The NPIS is commissioned by Public Health England Results 75 cases were included: 51 females (68%) and 24 males (32%); 45 adults (60%) and 30 children (40%). Six adults (13%) and 17 children (57%) remained asymptomatic, and mild symptoms were seen in 25 adults (56%) and 10 children (33%).
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomical Study of the Superior Cluneal Nerve and Its Estimation of Prevalence As a Cause of Lower Back Pain in a South African Population
    Anatomical study of the superior cluneal nerve and its estimation of prevalence as a cause of lower back pain in a South African population by Leigh-Anne Loubser (10150804) Dissertation to be submitted in full fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Anatomy In the Faculty of Health Science University of Pretoria Supervisor: Prof AN Van Schoor1 Co-supervisor: Dr RP Raath2 1 Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria 2 Netcare Jakaranda Hospital, Pretoria 2017 DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA The Department of Anatomy places great emphasis upon integrity and ethical conduct in the preparation of all written work submitted for academic evaluation. While academic staff teach you about referencing techniques and how to avoid plagiarism, you too have a responsibility in this regard. If you are at any stage uncertain as to what is required, you should speak to your lecturer before any written work is submitted. You are guilty of plagiarism if you copy something from another author’s work (e.g. a book, an article, or a website) without acknowledging the source and pass it off as your own. In effect, you are stealing something that belongs to someone else. This is not only the case when you copy work word-for-word (verbatim), but also when you submit someone else’s work in a slightly altered form (paraphrase) or use a line of argument without acknowledging it. You are not allowed to use work previously produced by another student. You are also not allowed to let anybody copy your work with the intention of passing if off as his/her work.
    [Show full text]
  • Policing in Ames - a Path Forward
    POLICING IN AMES - A PATH FORWARD September 29, 2020 BACKGROUND: As in other cities throughout the country, after the death of George Floyd while in police custody, the City Council began receiving an extraordinary amount of feedback regarding the manner in which our law enforcement and criminal justice systems are being operated. This input has included questions about policing philosophy and operations as well as suggestions/recommendations/demands to modify how the Ames Police Department functions in those areas. Rather than respond individually to this input over time, the City Council requested that the City Manager compile all the correspondence received, consolidate this information into common themes, and provide recommendations regarding how to address each theme. The following is a list of the common themes: THEME PAGES I. Organizational Culture 2-3 II. Police Officer Recruitment and Selection Process 4-7 III. Police Officer Training/Education 8-10 IV. Departmental Policies 11-23 V. City Ordinances and State Law 24-27 VI. Transparency 28-29 VII. Accountability in Complaint Handling and Discipline 30-37 VIII. Communication 38-39 IX. Funding 40-42 This report is structured to deal with each theme separately, highlighting: 1) What has been suggested, 2) What the City is currently doing in regard to each theme, and 3) the City Manager’s recommendations to address each theme. The recommendations reflected in this report were influenced by the following sources: • Community member suggestions • Police Department staff suggestions • Peer department activities and services • Guidance from the President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing 1 THEME I – ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE WHAT HAS BEEN SUGGESTED? Many individuals who provided input wanted to ensure that there is not a culture of racial bias embedded in the Ames Police Department.
    [Show full text]
  • * * * Chemical Agent * * * Instructor's Manual
    If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. · --. -----;-:-.. -----:-~------ '~~~v:~r.·t..~ ._.,.. ~Q" .._L_~ •.• ~,,,,,.'.,J-· .. f.\...('.1..-":I- f1 tn\. ~ L. " .:,"."~ .. ,. • ~ \::'J\.,;;)\ rl~ lL/{PS-'1 J National Institute of Corrections Community Corrections Division * * * CHEMICAL AGENT * * * INSTRUCTOR'S MANUAL J. RICHARD FAULKNER, JR. CORRECTIONAL PROGRAM SPECIALIST NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CORRECTIONS WASIHNGTON, DC 20534 202-307-3106 - ext.138 , ' • 146592 U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of Justice This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the person or organization originating it. Points of view or opinions stated In tl]!::; document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the National Institute of Justice. Permission to reproduce this "'"P 'J' ... material has been granted by Public Domain/NrC u.s. Department of Justice to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). • Further reproduction outside of the NCJRS system reqllires permission of the f ._kt owner, • . : . , u.s. Deparbnent of Justice • National mstimte of Corrections Wtulringttm, DC 20534 CHEMICAL AGENTS Dangerous conditions that are present in communities have raised the level of awareness of officers. In many jurisdictions, officers have demanded more training in self protection and the authority to carry lethal weapons. This concern is a real one and administrators are having to address issues of officer safety. The problem is not a simple one that can be solved with a new policy. Because this involves safety, in fact the very lives of staff, the matter is extremely serious. Training must be adopted to fit policy and not violate the goals, scope and mission of the agency.
    [Show full text]
  • Law Enforcement's Use of Weaponized Drones
    SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW LAW ENFORCEMENT’S USE OF WEAPONIZED DRONES: TODAY AND TOMORROW INTRODUCTION What do children, adults, photographers, farmers, utilities, agriculture, oil and manufacturing companies, and law enforcement have in common? They all asked for a drone for Christmas. In fact, the Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”) became concerned in October of 2015 with reports of at least one million Americans likely to find a drone under the tree on Christmas morning.1 However, one of these things is not like the other. While children, adults, farmers, and companies are using drones to monitor their own activities, law enforcement agencies are using drones to monitor the activities of others.2 While a step in the right direction for those concerned with the safety of our police officers, some see this as a platform for constitutional issues.3 Amongst these varying points of view are residents of North Dakota, where a bill was passed with the intention to enumerate and limit law enforcement’s use of drones.4 However, after a close reading of the finalized bill, the text itself may actually expand law enforcement’s use of drones, rather than limit it.5 North Dakota passed House Bill 1328 into law on April 16, 2015, which “provide[s] for limitations on the use of unmanned aircraft for surveillance.”6 The purpose of the act was to restrict law enforcement’s use of drones for 7 surveillance efforts in the collection of criminal evidence. Along with these 1. Dan Reed, A Million Drones for Christmas? FAA Frets the Threat for Planes, FORBES (Oct.
    [Show full text]
  • Pepper Spray: What Do We Have to Expect?
    Pepper Spray: What Do We Have to Expect? Assoc. Prof. Mehmet Akif KARAMERCAN, MD Gazi University School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Presentation Plan • History • Pepper Spray • Tear Gas • Symptoms • Medical Treatment • If you are the victim ??? History • PEPPER SPRAY ▫ OC (oleoresin of capsicum) (Most Commonly Used Compound) • TEAR GAS ▫ CN (chloroacetophenone) (German scientists 1870 World War I and II) ▫ CS (orthochlorobenzalmalononitrile) (US Army adopted in 1959) ▫ CR (dibenzoxazepine) (British Ministry of Defence 1950-1960) History of Pepper Spray • Red Chili Pepper was being used for self defense in ancient India - China - Japan (Ninjas). ▫ Throw it at the faces of their enemies, opponents, or intruders. • Japan Tukagawa Empire police used a weapon called the "metsubishi." • Accepted as a weapon ▫ incapacitate a person temporarily. • Pepper as a weapon 14th and 15th century for slavery rampant and became a popular method for torturing people (criminals, slaves). History of Pepper Spray • 1980's The USA Postal Workers started using pepper sprays against dogs, bears and other pets and became a legalized non-lethal weapon ▫ Pepper spray is also known as oleoresin of capsicum (OC) spray • The FBI in 1987 endorse it as an official chemical agent and it took 4 years it could be legally accepted by law enforcement agency. Pepper Spray • The active ingredient in pepper spray is capsaicin, which is a chemical derived from the fruit of plants of chilis. • Extraction of Oleoresin Capsicum from peppers ▫ capsicum to be finely ground, capsaicin is then extracted using an organic solvent (ethanol). The solvent is then evaporated, remaining waxlike resin is the Oleoresin Capsicum • Propylene Glycol is used to suspend the OC in water, pressurized to make it aerosol in Pepper Spray.
    [Show full text]
  • The Neuroanatomy of Female Pelvic Pain
    Chapter 2 The Neuroanatomy of Female Pelvic Pain Frank H. Willard and Mark D. Schuenke Introduction The female pelvis is innervated through primary afferent fi bers that course in nerves related to both the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. The somatic pelvis includes the bony pelvis, its ligaments, and its surrounding skeletal muscle of the urogenital and anal triangles, whereas the visceral pelvis includes the endopelvic fascial lining of the levator ani and the organ systems that it surrounds such as the rectum, reproductive organs, and urinary bladder. Uncovering the origin of pelvic pain patterns created by the convergence of these two separate primary afferent fi ber systems – somatic and visceral – on common neuronal circuitry in the sacral and thoracolumbar spinal cord can be a very dif fi cult process. Diagnosing these blended somatovisceral pelvic pain patterns in the female is further complicated by the strong descending signals from the cerebrum and brainstem to the dorsal horn neurons that can signi fi cantly modulate the perception of pain. These descending systems are themselves signi fi cantly in fl uenced by both the physiological (such as hormonal) and psychological (such as emotional) states of the individual further distorting the intensity, quality, and localization of pain from the pelvis. The interpretation of pelvic pain patterns requires a sound knowledge of the innervation of somatic and visceral pelvic structures coupled with an understand- ing of the interactions occurring in the dorsal horn of the lower spinal cord as well as in the brainstem and forebrain. This review will examine the somatic and vis- ceral innervation of the major structures and organ systems in and around the female pelvis.
    [Show full text]
  • You Can't Tear Us Apart
    You Can’t Tear Us Apart Tear Gas, Militarism and Local/Global Solidarity A workshop by War Resisters League, 2013 You Can’t Tear Us Apart Tear Gas, Militarism and Local/Global Solidarity A workshop by War Resisters League, 2013 This interactive workshop comes as the world witnesses both skyrocketing repression and resistance, incarceration and resilience. It is designed especially with US-based front-line communities in mind. Sections: 1. Introductions (5—10 minutes) 2. “The World of Tear Gas”—Gallery Walk—(30—40 minutes) 3. Themes and Patterns—Small Group Conversations—(20 minutes) 4. The Big Picture of Militarism—Takeaways (20 minutes) 5. Evaluation (5 minutes) *Appendix A Goals: Participants will • collectively define “militarism” • situate the history of domestic tear gas use within the broader history of the militarization of the police and mass incarceration in the US • become familiar with some of the key companies responsible for the manufacture of so-called “nonlethal technologies” that are exported and used throughout the world— framing them as war profiteers or, more specifically, “repression profiteers.” • analyze and debunk the humanitarian myth that that tear gas manufacturers tell about chemical weapons like tear gas and pepper spray. • learn more about the social movements and political organizing repressed through the use of tear gas. • learn how the case studies we present in this workshop are connected with one another • share the calls for global solidarity from movements in Egypt, Turkey, and Palestine and others that sparked the formation of the Facing Tear Gas campaign. • explore how the Facing Tear Gas campaign may be able to support participants’ political work and how people can participate in this campaign in solidarity with global movements.
    [Show full text]
  • The Problematic Legality of Tear Gas Under International Human Rights Law
    The Problematic Legality of Tear Gas Under International Human Rights Law Natasha Williams, Maija Fiorante, Vincent Wong Edited by: Ashley Major, Petra Molnar This publication is the result of an investigation by the University of Toronto’s International Human Rights Program (IHRP) at the Faculty of Law. Authors: Natasha Williams, Maija Fiorante, Vincent Wong Editors: Ashley Major, Petra Molnar Design and Illustrations: Azza Abbaro | www.azzaabbaro.com Copyright © 2020 International Human Rights Program (Faculty of Law, University of Toronto) “The Problematic Legality of Tear Gas Under International Human Rights Law” Licensed under the Creative Commons BY-SA 4.0 (Attribution-ShareAlike Licence) The Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 license under which this report is licensed lets you freely copy, distribute, remix, transform, and build on it, as long as you: • give appropriate credit; • indicate whether you made changes; and • use and link to the same CC BY-SA 4.0 licence. However, any rights in excerpts reproduced in this report remain with their respective authors; and any rights in brand and product names and associated logos remain with their respective owners. Uses of these that are protected by copyright or trademark rights require the rightsholder’s prior written agreement. Electronic version first published by the International Human Rights Program August, 2020. This work can be accessed through https://ihrp.law.utoronto.ca/ About the International Human Rights Program The International Human Rights Program (IHRP) at the University of Toronto Faculty of Law addresses the most pressing human rights issues through two avenues: The Program shines a light on egregious human rights abuses through reports, publications, and public outreach activities; and the Program offers students unparalleled opportunities to refine their legal research and advocacy skills through legal clinic projects andglobal fellowships.
    [Show full text]
  • The Burden of Poisoning in Ohio,1999-2008
    THE BURDEN OF POISONING IN OHIO, 1999-2008 VIOLENCE AND INJURY PREVENTION PROGRAM BUREAU OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND RISK REDUCTION OFFICE OF HEALTHY OHIO OHIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH DATA PROVIDED BY THE OHIO HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION OHIO BOARD OF PHARMACY OHIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH Office of Healthy Ohio Bureau of Health Promotion and Risk Reduction Violence and Injury Prevention Program Edward Socie, MS Injury Epidemiologist Columbus, Ohio Annemarie Hirsch, MPH Injury Researcher Columbus, Ohio Christy Beeghly, MPH Injury Prevention Program Administrator Columbus, Ohio Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Division of Adult and Community Health Rosemary Duffy, DDS, MPH Deputy State Chronic Disease Epidemiologist Atlanta, GA October 2010 Acknowledgements Special thanks go to Dave Engler and Dan Paoletti of the Ohio Hospital Association and Danna Droz of the Ohio State Board of Pharmacy for their assistance. This publication was supported by the Cooperative Agreement Award Number 5U17CE52524801-06 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Control and Prevention. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Burden of Poisoning in Ohio 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Ohio Violence and Injury Prevention Program Overview 4 Executive Summary 7 Section 1: Introduction and Overview of Poisoning in Ohio 10 Introduction and Definitions 10
    [Show full text]