Publisher’s Note...... vii Complete Table of Contents.... vii Complete Table of Contents.... vii Editor’s Introduction...... ix Complete Table of Contents.....xi Alex Haley...... 361 Sonia Sanchez...... 729 List of Contributors...... xiii Virginia Hamilton...... 368 Ntozake Shange...... 741 Lorraine Hansberry...... 373 Anna Deavere Smith...... 751 Ai ...... 1 Michael S. Harper...... 383 Tracy K. Smith...... 756 Maya Angelou...... 7 Robert Hayden...... 392 Jean Toomer...... 765 James Baldwin...... 18 Terrance Hayes...... 401 Natasha Trethewey...... 779 Toni Cade Bambara...... 32 Chester Himes...... 407 Alice Walker...... 791 Amiri Baraka...... 41 bell hooks...... 418 Joseph A. Walker...... 808 Arna Wendell Bontemps...... 54 Langston Hughes...... 425 Booker T. Washington...... 813 Edward Kamau Brathwaite...... 62 Zora Neale Hurston...... 439 Cornel West...... 819 Gwendolyn Brooks...... 72 Charles Johnson...... 456 Phillis Wheatley...... 825 Sterling A. Brown...... 82 June Jordan...... 471 Colson Whitehead...... 837 Ed Bullins...... 89 Adrienne Kennedy...... 479 John Edgar Wideman...... 848 Octavia E. Butler...... 101 Jamaica Kincaid...... 486 John A. Williams...... 868 Bebe Moore Campbell...... 110 Martin Luther King, Jr...... 497 August Wilson...... 875 Barbara Chase-Riboud...... 116 Etheridge Knight...... 503 Jacqueline Woodson...... 884 Charles Waddell Chesnutt...... 122 Yusef Komunyakaa...... 509 Jay Wright...... 894 Alice Childress...... 134 Nella Larsen...... 517 Richard Wright...... 905 Lucille Clifton...... 139 Audre Lorde...... 523 Frank Yerby...... 919 Ta-Nehisi Coates...... 145 Haki R. Madhubuti...... 532 Al Young...... 927 Teju Cole...... 151 Clarence Major...... 543 Countee Cullen...... 157 Paule Marshall...... 555 Genre Essasys...... 943 Edwidge Danticat...... 166 Dawn Lundy Martin...... 566 African American Drama...... 945 Samuel R. Delany...... 180 James McBride...... 572 African American Poetry...... 961 Toi Derricotte...... 194 Claude McKay...... 586 African American Owen Dodson...... 201 Reginald McKnight...... 596 Long Fiction...... 983 Frederick Douglass...... 208 Terry McMillan...... 602 African American Rita Dove...... 215 James Alan McPherson...... 608 Short Fiction...... 1005 W. E. B. Du Bois...... 228 Dinaw Mengestu...... 617 Paul Laurence Dunbar...... 235 Toni Morrison...... 624 Bibliography...... 1027 Michael Eric Dyson...... 248 Walter Dean Myers...... 642 Genre Index...... 1061 Cornelius Eady...... 257 Gloria Naylor...... 649 Title Index...... 1063 Lonne Elder III...... 265 Lynn Nottage...... 658 Subject Index...... 1073 Ralph Ellison...... 271 Gordon Parks, Sr...... 665 Percival Everett...... 291 Suzan-Lori Parks...... 673 Jessie Redmon Fauset...... 302 Ann Petry...... 680 Charles Fuller...... 308 Dudley Randall...... 695 Ernest J. Gaines...... 315 Claudia Rankine...... 706 Henry Louis Gates, Jr...... 331 Ishmael Reed...... 718 Roxane Gay...... 339 Nikki Giovanni...... 344 xi