A Case Study of Banteay Meanchey Province, Cambodia
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APPLICATION OF GEOINFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR EVALUATION OF CASSAVA PLANTATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF BANTEAY MEANCHEY PROVINCE, CAMBODIA SOPHEAK PEN A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTER DEGREE OF GEOINFORMATICS FACULTY OF GEOINFORMATICS BURAPHA UNIVERSITY APRIL 2016 COPYRIGHT OF BURAPHA UNIVERSITY The thesisof SopheakPen has been approved by the examiningcommittee to be partial fulfillment of the requirementfor the MasterDegree of ScienceProgram in Geoinformaticsof BuraphaUniversity Advisorv Committee (Dr. SupanKarnchanasutham) 1assocr/af66ofdrro, Dr. Kaew Nualchawee) Co-advisor This thesis has been approvedby the Faculty of Geoinformatics to be partial fulfillment of the requirementsfor the MasterDegree of ScienceProgram in Geoinformaticsof Burapha University eanof the Facultvof Geoinformatics (Dr. SupanKarnchanasutham) APRIL.2016 This study I would like to express my sincere gratitude and deepest appreciation to Her Royal Highness Princess Mahachakri Sirindhorn, who provided the scholarship for me to study at Burapha University, 2549. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude and deepest appreciation to Her Royal Highness Princess Mahachakri Sirindhorn, who provide the scholarship for me to study at Burapha University. I would like to express my special gratitude and deep appreciation to Dr. Supan Karnchanasutham, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kaew Nualchawee, Dr. Narong Pleerux, who always kindly helped me to minimize difficulties, for their guidance and valuable advice throughout this study. I would like to thank Mr. Preecha Boonkhaw and Mr. Narathip Phengphit who helped and facilitated in the process of data collection for their valuable advice and assistance on technique. I am very grateful to all the professors and members of the Faculty of Geoinformatics who helped and supported me while I was studying here. Finally, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my beloved mother, Nget Eng, and father, Pen Chhoern, who always give me the warmest and greatest love and support. Unforgettablely, I offer special thanks to all my relatives and friends for their help and encouragement. Sopheak Pen 56910038: MAJOR: GEOINFORMATICS; M.Sc. (GEOINFORMATICS) KEYWORDS: GEOINFORMATION TECHNOLOGY/ CLASSIFICATION/ CASSAVA SOPHEAK PEN: APPLICATION OF GEOINFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR EVALUATION OF CASSAVA PLANTATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF BANTEAY MEANCHEY PROVINCE, CAMBODIA. ADVISORY COMMITTEE: SUPAN KARNCHANASUTHAM, D.Tech.Sc., KAEW NUALCHAWEE, Ph.D., NARONG PLEERUX, Ph.D. 70 P. 2015. Cassava is currently the most important upland crop of Cambodia. It is an agricultural product that can be processed into various other products such as ethanol, animal feed and cassava starch or flour for human consumption. The objectives of this research were to: (1) classify the cassava plantation areas in Banteay Meanchey Province, Cambodia using LANDSAT 8 (OLI) and SMMS (HJ-A1) images, and: (2) compare the cassava plantation areas between LANDSAT 8 (OLI) and SMMS (HJ- A1). The Maximum likelihood classification technique was applied to this research. Land use types were evaluated into seven classes: cassava, field crop, forest, water, perennial tree/fruit tree, rice and urban. The results revealed that the cassava areas from LANDSAT 8 (OLI) were 83,757.37 hectares or 13.54 % of the study area. Meanwhile, the cassava areas from SMMS (HJ-A1) were 97,215.33 hectares or 15.72 % of the study area. The overall accuracy of LANDSAT 8 (OLI) and SMMS (HJ-A1) was 81.48 % and 75.56 % respectively. Therefore LANDSAT 8 (OLI) can be used to classify land use/land cover with higher accuracy than SMMS (HJ-A1). ABBREVIATIONS GPS Global Positioning System GIS Geographic Information Systems RS Remote Sensing FAO Food and Agriculture organization HJ-1A Huan Jing 1A MAFF Cambodian Ministry of Agriculture Fish. SMMS Small Multi-Mission Satellite USGS United States Geological Survey UTM Universal Transverse Mercator CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENT iv ABSTRACT v CONTENTS vi LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES ix CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1 Introduction 1 Statement and Significant of the problem 3 Objectives of the Study 4 Scope of Study 4 The Study Area 4 Benefits of the Study 5 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 7 Cassava 7 Cassava production in Cambodia 8 Cultivation Practices 9 Geographic Information System 10 Remote sensing 15 Huanjing-1A (HJ-1A) 17 Orbit Characteristics of HJ-1A 19 LANDSAT 8 (OLI) 20 Global Positioning System (GPS) 22 Literature Review 24 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 28 Geocorrection of LANDSAT imagery 30 Data exploration and preprocessing 31 Collecting training samples 32 Evaluating training samples 33 vii Creating the signature file 34 Examining the signature file 34 Editing the signature file 34 Applying classification 34 Post-classification processing 35 Equipment of Analysis 36 4 RESULTS 38 Land use from SMMS (HJ-A1) 38 Land use from LANDSAT 8 (OLI) 41 Land use comparison of SMMS (HJ-A1) and LANDSAT 8 (OLI) 45 Values accuracy of model 46 5 DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 49 Discussion 49 Conclusion 50 Recommendation 51 REFERENCES 52 APPENDIX 57 ABBREVIATIONS 60 BIOGRAPHY 61 LIST OF TABLES Tables Page 2-1 Payload Parameters 19 2-2 Orbit parameters 19 2-3 LANDSAT 8 spectral band/wavelengths 21 2-4 Composition Band 22 3-1 Used software 37 4-1 Land use of Banteay Meanchey province from SMMS (HJ-A1) 2015 39 4-2 Land use of Banteay Meanchey province from LANDSAT 8 (OLI) 42 4-3 Comparison of land use in Banteay Meanchey province by LANDSAT 8 (OLI) and SMMS (HJ-A1) satellite images 45 4-4 Dislocation evaluation the accuracy of the classification of land use by SMMS (HJ-A1) satellite 47 4-5 Dislocation evaluation of the accuracy of the classification of land use in LANDSAT 8 (OLI) satellite image 48 LIST OF FIGURES Figures Page 1-1 Map of Banteay Meanchey Province 5 2-1 Components of GIS 11 2-2 GIS Application 15 3-1 Classification of Workflow 28 3-2 SMMS (HJ-A1) 29 3-3 Enhanced LANDSAT 8 imagery in 2015 30 3-4 Collecting training samples 32 3-5 Evaluation training sample editing classes 33 3-6 Editing classes 33 3-7 Creating the signature file 34 4-1 Percentage of land use Banteay Meanchey SMMS (HJ-A1) 39 4-2 Area of land use Banteay Meanchey SMMS (HJ-A1) 40 4-3 SMMS (HJ-A1) Map of Banteay Meanchey showing location of cassava plantation fields of studies 40 4-4 SMMS (HJ-A1) Map classification of Banteay Meanchey showing location fields of studies 41 4-5 Percentage of land use in Banteay Meanchey from LANDSAT 8 (OLI) 43 4-6 Area of land use in Banteay Meanchey from LANDSAT 8 (OLI) 43 4-7 The LANDSAT 8 (OLI) satellite map of Banteay Meanchey showing location of cassava plantation fields of study 44 4-8 The LANDSAT8 (OLI) satellite image map of Banteay Meanchey province showing location fields of study 44 4-9 Comparison of land use in Banteay Meanchey province by LANDSAT 8 (OLI) and SMMS (HJ-A1) satellite images 46 4-10 Map showing sample locations to determine accuracy 47 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Introduction Cambodia is a country in Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos. It has twenty four provinces and a capital city. Cambodia occupies 181,035 square kilometers in the southwestern part of the Indochina peninsula, and is located between 10° and 15° latitude north and 102° and 108° longitude east. The country shares 803 kilometers of border with Thailand on the north and west, 541 kilometers of border with Laos on the northeast, 1,228 kilometers of border with Vietnam on the east and southeast, for a total of 2,572 kilometers of land borders; coastline along the Gulf of Thailand about 443 square kilometers. The population of Cambodia is 15,184,116 million (Cambodia T. , 2014). Cambodia has a tropical climate with two distinct monsoon seasons the rainy season starts in mid- April and continues to October. Average annual rainfall is 1,250-1,750 millimeters (Cambodia Ministry of Agriculture Fish, 2014). Sihanouk Ville has the highest average annual rainfall of 2,996 millimeters and the average rainfall in Banteay Meanchey Province is 1,000 millimeters, with peak rainfall occurring in September/ October and the lowest rainfall in February. As for the temperature, it is lowest in December/January with average minimum temperature of 21 degrees celsius and the highest in April with average minimum of 36 degrees celsius (Yem, 2010). Cambodia is located in the trops so is suitable for several kinds of economic plants such as soybeans, green bean, rice, cassava, corn (maize) and sugarcane. Agriculture has been the first priority of the government’s development strategies since1993. Agriculture is a fundamental sector of the Cambodian economy and small farmers dominate the agricultural sector of the country. The territory of Banteay Meanchey is a Cambodian province in the northwest of the country. In 1988 the province of Banteay Meanchey was split off from Battambang, and its capital is named Sisophon, approximately 359 kilometers from Phnom Penh by National Road Number 5. The district is subdivided into 7 and 2 cities, communes 64 and 649 villages (National Institute of Statistics). One of the 2 most known places in that province is Poi Pet, a town on the Thailand/Cambodia border. It is the key crossing point between the two countries. The total population is 745,618 or (5.242%) of the total population of 14,363,519 in Cambodia (provincial government data, 2011) with a growth rate of 5.93 %, which consists of 402,201 males (49.11%), and 414,181 females (50.89%). The above number also consists of 654, 033 (93%) farmers, 8,228 (1.17%), fishermen, 35,162 (5%), traders, and 5,814 (0.83%), government officers (Tourism of Cambodia , 2015). Cassava is currently the most important upland crop of Cambodia.