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A Chronology of Middle Missouri Plains Village Sites

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A Chronology of Middle Missouri Plains Village Sites Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press smithsonian contributions to botany • n u m b e r 9 4 Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press MarineA Chronology Algae of theof NorthernMiddle GulfMissouri of California: Plains ChlorophytaVillage Sites and Phaeophyceae By Craig M. Johnson withJames contributions N. Norris by Stanley A. Ahler, Herbert Haas, and Georges Bonani SerieS PublicationS of the SmithSonian inStitution Emphasis upon publication as a means of “diffusing knowledge” was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: “It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge.” This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, com- mencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to History and Technology Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Museum Conservation Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report on the research and collections of its various museums and bureaus. The Smithsonian Contributions Series are distributed via mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institu- tions throughout the world. Manuscripts submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press from authors with direct affilia- tion with the various Smithsonian museums or bureaus and are subject to peer review and review for compliance with manuscript preparation guidelines. General requirements for manuscript preparation are on the inside back cover of printed volumes. For detailed submissions require- ments and to review the “Manuscript Preparation and Style Guide for Authors,” visit the Submissions page at www.scholarlypress.si.edu. smithsonian contributions to botany • n u m b e r 9 4 Marine Algae of the Northern Gulf of California: Chlorophyta and Phaeophyceae James N. Norris washington d.c. 2010 ABSTRACT Norris, James N. Marine Algae of the Northern Gulf of California: Chlorophyta and Phaeophyceae. Smith- sonian Contributions to Botany, number 94, x + 276 pages, 109 figures, 2010. — The present treatment constitutes a taxonomic study of the green and brown benthic marine algae currently known in the north- ern Gulf of California. In all, 133 species were found: 4 classes, 7 orders, 13 families, 20 genera, and 63 species of Chlorophyta and 9 orders, 15 families, 26 genera, and 70 species of Phaeophyceae. The sys- tematic account is a guide to the identification of marine algae from the northern Gulf of California, with the accepted name, keys, and descriptions of the orders, families, genera, and species. The date, place, and author(s) of valid publication of each taxon are cited. The current name for each species is given along with its basionym, type locality, synonyms, relevant taxonomic studies, habitat, and distribution in the Gulf of California and in the Pacific Ocean. Illustrations are provided for most species. A remarks section includes additional information on taxonomy, nomenclature, ecology, and/or other problems or facts of interest. In addition to reviewing the taxonomic phycological literature pertinent to the Gulf of California and Pacific México, new records and distribution extensions are given. Four new sections of Sargassum subgen. Sargassum are proposed: S. sect. herporhizum E. Y. Dawson ex J. N. Norris, S. sect. johnstonii E. Y. Dawson ex J. N. Norris, S. sect. lapazeanum E. Y. Dawson ex J. N. Norris, and S. sect. sinicola E. Y. Dawson ex J. N. Norris; five new combinations are made: Desmarestia munda subsp. mexicana (E. Y. Dawson) J. N. Norris, Epicladia condensata (Setchell et N. L. Gardner) J. N. Norris, Epicladia mexicana (Setchell et N. L. Gardner) J. N. Norris, Hincksia bryantii (Setchell et N. L. Gardner) J. N. Norris, and Sargassum sinicola subsp. camouii J. N. Norris et Yensen. One new species, Sporochnus neushulii J. N. Norris, is described. Cover images, left to right: Figures 55, 37, and 79A (details). Published by Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press P.O. Box 37012, MRC 957 Washington, D.C. 20013-7012 www.scholarlypress.si.edu Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Norris, James N. Marine algae of the northern Gulf of California: Chlorophyta and Phaeophyceae / James N. Norris. p. cm. — (Smithsonian contributions to botany ; no. 94) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Marine algae—Mexico—California, Gulf of. I. Title. II. Series: Smithsonian contributions to botany ; no. 94. QK571.9.C35N67 2010 579.8'8091641—dc22 2009046617 ISSN: (print) 0081-024X; (online) 1938-2812 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48–1992. Contents LIST OF FIGURES vii INTRODUCTION 1 General Oceanographic Features of the Gulf of California 3 General Features of the Marine Flora of the Northern Gulf of California 7 Historical Review of Marine Botanical Exploration of the Gulf of California 13 Current Study 16 PART I: GREEN ALGAE 19 CHLOROPHYTA 19 ULVOPHYCEAE 20 Ctenocladales 21 Ulvellaceae 21 Entocladia Reinke 22 Epicladia Reinke 25 Stromatella Kornmann et Sahling 26 Ulvella P. Crouan et H. Crouan 28 Phaeophilales 30 Phaeophilaceae 30 Phaeophila Hauck 30 Ulvales 31 Ulvaceae 31 Ulva Linnaeus 32 CLADOPHOROPHYCEAE 49 Cladophorales 49 Cladophoraceae 50 Chaetomorpha Kützing 50 Cladophora Kützing 54 Rhizoclonium Kützing 64 i v • smithsonian contributions to botany Siphonocladales sensu stricto 67 Boodleaceae 67 Cladophoropsis Børgesen 68 Phyllodictyon J. E. Gray 70 Siphonocladaceae 74 Ernodesmis Børgesen 74 Valoniaceae 75 Valoniopsis Børgesen 75 BRYOPSIDOPHYCEAE 77 Bryopsidales 77 Bryopsidineae 78 Bryopsidaceae 78 Bryopsis J. V. Lamouroux 79 Derbesiaceae 82 Derbesia Solier 82 Halicystis-phase 85 Codiaceae 85 Codium Stackhouse 86 Halimedineae 92 Caulerpaceae 94 Caulerpa J. V. Lamouroux 94 Halimedaceae 98 Halimeda J. V. Lamouroux 99 DASYCLADOPHYCEAE 101 Dasycladales 101 Polyphysaceae 102 Acetabularia J. V. Lamouroux 102 PART II: BROWN ALGAE 105 STRAMENOPILES 105 PHAEOPHYCEAE 106 Ishigeales 108 Ishigeaceae 108 Ishige Yendo 108 Sphacelariales sensu stricto 111 Sphacelariaceae 111 Sphacelaria Lyngbye in Hornemann 111 Dictyotales 117 Dictyotaceae 117 Dictyopteris J. V. Lamouroux 119 Dictyota J. V. Lamouroux 122 Padina Adanson 133 Rugulopteryx De Clerck et Coppejans 141 Spatoglossum Kützing 142 Desmarestiales 144 Desmarestiaceae 144 Desmarestia J. V. Lamouroux 145 n u m b e r 9 4 • v Sporochnales 148 Sporochnaceae 150 Sporochnus C. Agardh 150 Ralfsiales* 155 Ralfsiaceae 155 Hapterophycus Setchell et N. L. Gardner in Setchell 156 Ralfsia Berkeley in J. E. Smith et J. C. Sowerby 157 Cutleriales 161 Cutleriaceae 162 Cutleria Greville 162 Ectocarpales 165 Acinetosporaceae 166 Feldmannia Hamel 167 Hincksia J. E. Gray 168 Chnoosporaceae 171 Chnoospora J. Agardh 172 Chordariaceae 174 Hecatonema Sauvageau 174 Nemacystus Derbès et Solier 176 Streblonema Derbès et Solier 177 Ectocarpaceae 180 Ectocarpus Lyngbye 180 Pylaiellaceae 186 Pylaiella Bory de Saint-Vincent 186 Leathesiaceae** 187 Leathesia S. F. Gray 187 Scytosiphonaceae 189 Colpomenia (Endlicher) Derbès et Solier 189 Compsonema Kuckuck 194 Hydroclathrus Bory de Saint-Vincent 195 Rosenvingea Børgesen 196 Fucales 199 Sargassaceae 200 Sargassum C. Agardh 200 Excluded Records of Phaeophyceae 219 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 221 APPENDIX 1: LIST OF NEW TAXA AND COMBINATIONS 225 APPENDIX 2: ENDEMIC TAXA OF THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA THAT OCCUR IN THE NORTHERN GULF 227 APPENDIX 3: ALGAL SPECIMENS ILLUSTRATED: SPECIES LOCALITY INFORMATION AND HERBARIUM 229 REFERENCES 235 INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES 271 * Contributed by Daniel León Álvarez and James N. Norris. ** Contributed by Luis E. Aguilar-Rosas, Raúl Aguilar-Rosas, and James N. Norris. Figures 1. Gemini V photograph of northern Gulf of California 2 2. Map of the northern Gulf of California, Mexico 4 3. Summer intertidal marine flora, Puerto Peñasco 8 4. Winter intertidal marine flora, Puerto Peñasco 9 5. Colpomenia sinuosa and Codium simulans 11 6. Intertidal zonation, low tide, Puerto Refugio, Isla Ángel de la Guarda 12 7. E. Yale Dawson (left) and Palmer T. Beaudette during 1959 expedition to Pacific Mexico and Central America 15 8. E. Yale Dawson preparing for collecting dive during 1958 cruise on M/V Stella Polaris; collecting subtidal algae in Costa Rica, 1959 15 9. Entocladia marchantiae, E. polysiphoniae, Entocladia sp., and E. viridis 24 10. Epicladia condensata and E. mexicana 26 11. Stromatella monostromatica epiphytic on Polysiphonia 27 12. Ulvella lens and U. setchellii epiphytes on Cladophora 29 13. Ulva anatomy: diagrammatic transections of Ulva sect. ulva and Ulva sect. enteromorpha 31 14. Ulva californica habits, typical forms found in the northern Gulf 35 15. Ulva lactuca habit 36 16. Ulva lobata habit 37 17. Ulva nematoidea habits 38 18. Ulva rigida habit 40 19. Ulva acanthophora
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