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Metnet - in Situ Observational Network and Orbital Platform to Investigate the Martian Environment

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Metnet - in Situ Observational Network and Orbital Platform to Investigate the Martian Environment RAPORTTEJA RAPPORTER REPORTS 2007:3 MetNet - In Situ Observational Network and Orbital Platform to Investigate the Martian Environment Ilmatieteen laitos ISBN 978-951-697-625-2 Erik Palménin aukio 1, Helsinki ISSN 0782-6079 tel. (09) 19 291 Yliopistopaino www.fmi.fi Helsinki Raportteja Rapporter Reports No:2007:3 UDC 52 MetNet - In Situ Observational Network and Orbital Plat- form to Investigate the Martian Environment A.-M. Harri, J. Leinonen, S. Merikallio, M. Paton, H.Haukka, J. Polkko (FMI), Prof. V. Linkin, V. Lipatov (IKI), Director General K. Pichkadze, A. Polyakov (LA), M. Uspensky (FMI / SpaceTec Inc), Prof. L. Vasquez (Univ. Complutence, Madrid) Dr. H. Guer- rero (INTA, Spain), D. Crisp (NASA/JPL), R. Haberle (NASA/AMES), S. Calcutt, C. Wilson (Univ. Oxford), Prof. P. Taylor (Univ. York, Canada), Prof. C. Lange (Univ. of Alberta, Canada), M. Daly (MDA Inc, Canada), L. Richter (DLR, Bremen), R. Jaumann (DLR, Berlin), J.-P. Pommereau (Service dAeronomie, Paris), F. Forget (LMD, Paris), Ph. Lognonne (IPGP, Paris), J. Zarnecki (Open University, London) Finnish Meteorological Institute Space Research ISBN 978-951-697-625-2 ISSN 0782-6079 Painopaikka: Yliopistopaino Helsinki 2007 Reports 2007:3 Published by Finnish Meteorological Institute (Erik Palménin aukio 1) , P.O. Box 503 FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland Date Authors Name of project A.-M. Harri, J. Leinonen, S. Merikallio, M. Paton, H. Haukka, MetNet J. Polkko (FMI), Prof. V. Linkin, V. Lipatov (IKI), Director General K. Pichkadze,A. Polyakov (LA), M. Uspensky (FMI / SpaceTec Inc), Prof. L. Vasquez (Univ. Complutence, Madrid) Dr. H. Guerrero (INTA, Spain), D. Crisp (NASA/JPL), R. Haberle (NASA/AMES), S. Calcutt, C. Wilson (Univ. Oxford), Prof. P. Taylor (Univ. York, Canada), Prof. C. Lange (Univ. of Alberta, Canada), M. Daly (MDA Inc, Canada), L. Richter (DLR, Bremen), R. Jaumann (DLR, Berlin), J.-P. Pommereau (Service d’Aeronomie, Paris), F. Forget (LMD, Paris), Ph. Lognonne (IPGP, Paris), J. Zarnecki (Open University, London). Commissioned by Title MetNet - In Situ Observational Network and Orbital Platform to Investigate the Martian Environment Abstract MetNet Mars Mission is an in situ observational network and orbital platform mission to investigate the Martian environment and it has been proposed to European Space Agency in response to Call for proposals for the first planning cycle of Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 D/SCI/DJS/SV/val/21851. The MetNet Mars Mission is to be implemented in collaboration with ESA, FMI, LA, IKI and the payload providing science teams. The scope of the MetNet Mission is to deploy 16 MetNet Landers (MNLs) on the Martian surface by using inflatable descent system structures accompanied by an atmospheric sounder and data relay onboard the MetNet Orbiter (MNO), which is based on ESA Mars Express satellite platform. The MNLs are attached on the three sides of the satellite and most of the MNLs are deployed to Mars separately a few weeks prior to the arrival to Mars. The MetNet Orbiter will perform continuous atmospheric soundings thus complementing the accurate in situ observations at the Martian ground produced by the MetNet observation network, as well as the orbiter will serve as the primary data relay between the MetNet Landers and the Earth. The MNLs are equipped with a versatile science payload focused on the atmospheric science of Mars. Detailed characterisa- tion of the Martian atmospheric circulation patterns, boundary layer phenomena, and climatological cycles, as well as interior investigations, require simultaneous in-situ meteorological, seismic and magnetic measurements from networks of stations on the Martian surface. MetNet Mars Mission will also provide a crucial support for the safety of large landing missions in general and manned Mars missions in particular. Accurate knowledge of atmospheric conditions and weather data is essential to guarantee safe landings of the forthcoming Mars mission elements. Publishing unit Classification (UDC) Keywords 523.43-852 MetNet, Cosmic Vision, Mars, Space mission ISSN and series title 0782-6079 Raportteja - Rapporter - Reports ISBN Language 978-951-697-625-2 English Sold by Pages 35 Price Finnish Meteorological Institute / Library P.O.Box 503, FIN-00101 Helsinki Note Finland Raportit 2007:3 Julkaisija Ilmatieteen laitos, ( Erik Palménin aukio 1) PL 503, 00101 Helsinki Julkaisuaika Tekijä(t) Projektin nimi A.-M. Harri, J. Leinonen, S. Merikallio, M. Paton, H. Haukka, MetNet J. Polkko (FMI), Prof. V. Linkin, V. Lipatov (IKI), Director General K. Pichkadze,A. Polyakov (LA), M. Uspensky (FMI / SpaceTec Inc), Prof. L. Vasquez (Univ. Complutence, Madrid) Dr. H. Guerrero (INTA, Spain), D. Crisp (NASA/JPL), R. Haberle (NASA/AMES), S. Calcutt, C. Wilson (Univ. Oxford), Prof. P. Taylor (Univ. York, Canada), Prof. C. Lange (Univ. of Alberta, Canada), M. Daly (MDA Inc, Canada), L. Richter (DLR, Bremen), R. Jaumann (DLR, Berlin), J.-P. Pommereau (Service d’Aeronomie, Paris), F. Forget (LMD, Paris), Ph. Lognonne (IPGP, Paris), J. Zarnecki (Open University, London). Toimeksiantaja Nimeke MetNet - In Situ Observational Network and Orbital Platform to Investigate the Martian Environment Tiivistelmä MetNet Mars Mission on in situ -tutkimushanke joka koostuu useista Marsin pinnalle laskeutuvista havaintoasemista, jotka muodostavat havaintoverkoston, sekä Marsia kiertävästä havaintosatelliitista. MetNet Mars missiota on esitetty Euroopan avaruusjärjestölle (ESA) hyväksyttäväksi osana Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 D/SCI/DJS/SV/val/21851 –hakua. MetNet Mars missio on toteutettu yhteistyössä ESA:n, Ilmatieteen laitoksen, LA:n, IKI:n ja hyötykuorman toimittavien tiederyhmien kanssa. MetNet Mars mission tavoitteena on lähettää 16 MetNet laskeutujaa (MNL) Marsin pinnalle kayttäen hyväksi kaasutäytteistä laskeutumisjärjestelmää joka on varta vasten suunniteltu käytettäväksi Marsiin laskeutumiseen. Lisäksi Marsin kiertoradalla on ESA:n Mars Expressiin pohjautuva kiertolainen (MNO) joka tekee Marsin kaasukehän mittauksia ja toimii tietoliikennelinkkinä Maahan. MetNet –laskeutujat on kiinnitetty satelliitin kolmelle sivustalle ja suurin osa laskeutujista irroitetaan muutamaa viikkoa ennen Marsin kiertoradalle saapumista. MetNet –laskeutujat on varustettu tieteellisellä hyötykuormalla joka on erityisesti suunniteltu mittaamaan Marsin kaasukehää ja sen ominaisuuksia. Tarkat mittaukset Marsin kaasukehän sekä maaperän ominaisuuksista vaativat meteorologisia, seismologisia ja magneettisia in situ –mittauksia useilta Marsin pinnalla olevilta havaintoasemilta. MetNet havaintoverkosto tuottaa uutta ja tarkempaa tietoa Marsin kaasukehästä joka on erityisen hyödyllistä tuleville Mars missioille, koska tarkat kaasukehän mittaukset ja säätiedot ovat tärkeitä kun valmistellaan laskeutumisia Marsin pinnalle. Julkaisijayksikkö Luokitus (UDC) Asiasanat 523.43-852 MetNet, Cosmic Vision, Mars, Space mission ISSN ja avainnimike 0782-6079 Raportteja - Rapporter - Reports ISBN Kieli 978-951-697-625-2 Englanti Myynti Sivumäärä 35 Hinta Ilmatieteen laitos / Kirjasto PL 503, 00101 Helsinki Lisätietoja Proposal in response to Call for proposals for the ÀUVWSODQQLQJF\FOHRI&RVPLF9LVLRQ 2015-2025 D/SC,'-669YDO MetNet ,Q6LWX2EVHUYDWLRQDO1HWZRUNDQG 2UELWDO3ODWIRUPWR,QYHVWLJDWHWKH 0DUWLDQ(QYLURQPHQW Correspondence: A-M. Harri et al. Space Research Unit Finnish Meteorological Institute POBox 503, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland Finnish Meteorological Institute Russian Space Research Institute /DYRVFKNLQ$VVRFLDWLRQ5XVVLD Babakin Space Center, Russia &RPSOXWHQVH8QLYHUVLW\RI0DGULG6SDLQ 'HXWVFKHV=HQWUXPIU/XIWXQG5DXPIDKUW ,QVWLWXWGH3K\VLTXHGX*OREHGH3DULV)UDQFH Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Spain /DERUDWRLUHGH0pWpRURORJLH'\QDPLTXHGX&156)UDQFH 0F'RZHOO$VVRFLDWHV&DQDGD NASA AMES Research Center, USA 1$6$-HW3URSXOVLRQ/DERUDWRU\86$ 2SHQ8QLYHUVLW\8. 2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\8. 5 L V RH1DWLRQDO/DE'HQPDUN 6HUYLFHG·DpURQRPLH)UDQFH 8QLYHUVLW\RI$OEHUWD&DQDGD 8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNL)LQODQG 8QLYHUVLW\RI:DVKLQJWRQ86$ 8QLYHUVLW\RI<RUN&DQDGD submitted 29.6.2007 M MetNet Contents 1 Introduction . 1 6FLHQWLÀF2EMHFWLYHV 0DUWLDQDWPRVSKHULFLQYHVWLJDWLRQV 'HÀQLWLRQRIVFLHQFHREMHFWLYHV 0LVVLRQ3URÀOH 0LVVLRQUHTXLUHPHQWV 3.2 Proposed mission scenario 8 3URSRVHG3D\ORDG 2YHUYLHZ 3D\ORDGDFFRPPRGDWLRQ 6HQVRUV\VWHPV 2UELWDOSD\ORDG 6SDFHFUDIW.H\)DFWRUV 6SDFHFUDIWFRQÀJXUDWLRQ 7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQ 5.3 Mass requirements 22 3RZHUUHTXLUHPHQWV 6SDFHFUDIWHQYLURQPHQW &XUUHQW+HULWDJHDQG7HFKQRORJ\5HDGLQHVV/HYHO 3URSRVHG3URFXUHPHQW$SSURDFKDQG,QWHUQDWLRQDO3DUWQHUV &ULWLFDOLVVXHVDQG5HGXQGDQF\ 6FLHQFH2SHUDWLRQVDQG$UFKLYLQJ .H\WHFKQRORJ\DUHDV 3UHOLPLQDU\3URJUDPPDWLFV&RVWV &RPPXQLFDWLRQVDQG2XWUHDFK List of Acronyms AIBU Additional Inflatable Braking Unit BoL Beginning of Lifetime CCD Charge-Coupled Device CDMS Central Data Management System CNES Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, France CNRS Centre National de la recherche scientifique, France COSPAR Committee for Space Research DLR German Aerospace Center EDLS Entry, Descent and Landing System ESA European Space Agency ESOC European Space Operations Centre ESRIN European Space Research Institute EOL End of Lifetime FMAG Field Magnetometer FMI Finnish Meteorological Institute GRS Gamma Ray Spectrometer on Mars Odyssey HiRISE High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment on MRO IKI Russian Space Research Institute INTA Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial, Spain IPR Immaterial property rights IR Infrared JPL NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory LA Lavoschkin Association, Russia LIDAR Light Detection and Ranging LMD Laboratoire
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