Canavalia sericea LC Taxonomic Authority: A.Gray  Global Assessment  Regional Assessment Region: Global  Endemic to region Synonyms Common Names Canavalia sericea var O.Deg. & I.Deg. SILKY JACKBEAN English (Primary) Canavalia sericea var O.Deg. & I.Deg. DRALAWA Fijian FESEKA SEA Niuean LAUTOLU Tonga (Tonga Islands)

Upper Level Kingdom: PLANTAE Phylum: TRACHEOPHYTA Class: MAGNOLIOPSIDA Order: : LEGUMINOSAE Lower Level Taxonomy Rank: Infra- rank name:  Hybrid Subpopulation: Authority:

General Information Distribution Canavalia sericea is widely distributed across the South Pacific Islands and in the east coast of Queensland (Australia); introduced and naturalised in Hawaii.

Range Size Elevation Biogeographic Realm Area of Occupancy: Upper limit: 5  Afrotropical Extent of Occurrence: Lower limit: 0  Antarctic Map Status: Depth  Australasian Upper limit:  Neotropical Lower limit:  Oceanian Depth Zones  Palearctic  Shallow photic  Bathyl  Hadal  Indomalayan  Photic  Abyssal  Nearctic Population Relatively common across the South Pacific Islands' beaches, introduced and naturalised in Hawaii. Regarded in A Global Compendium of Weeds (Randall 2002) as an Environmental Weed: species that invades native ecosystems.

Total Population Size Minimum Population Size: Maximum Population Size: Habitat and Ecology Herbaceous or slightly woody perennial trailing on coastal dunes, coral sand beaches, coastal rocks and strand-lines. Also climbing on coastal shrub thickets. It is an invasive species.

System Movement pattern Crop Wild Relative  Terrestrial  Freshwater  Nomadic  Congregatory/Dispersive  Is the species a wild relative of a crop?  Marine  Migratory  Altitudinally migrant

Life History

Age at Maturity Female: Units for Age: Male: Size at Maturity (in cm) Female: Male: Longevity: Units for Longevity: Averate Reproductive Age: Units for Reproductive Age: Maximum Size (in cm): Size at Birth (in cm): Gestation Time: Units for Gestation: Generation Length: Justification: Reproductive Periodicity: Average Annual Fecundity or Litter Size: Annual Rate of Population Increase: Annual Rate of Population Increase: Natural Mortality:

Growth From Definition Forb or Herb Biennial or perennial herbacaeous plant, also termed a Hemicryptophyte Lithophyte growing on rocks Vines, lianas and creepers

Threats There are no major known threats to this species.

Past Present Future 13 None  Conservation Measures Occurs in several protected areas across its range. In Hawaii where it is naturalised, limiting the growth of this species might prevent it further invading native ecosystems.

In Place Needed 4 Habitat and site-based actions  4.4 Protected areas  5 Species-based actions  5.6 Limiting population growth 

Countries of Occurrence

PRESENCE ORIGIN Year Breeding Non- Passage Possibly ExtinctPresence Native Introduced Re- Vagrant Origin Round Season breeding migrant extinct uncertain Introduced uncertain only season only American Samoa    American Samoa    Australia    Queensland    Cook Islands    Cook Is.    Fiji    French Polynesia    Society Is.    Tubuai Is.    Marshall Islands    Micronesia, Federated States of    New Caledonia    Niue    Northern Mariana Islands    Tonga    United States    Hawaii    Vanuatu   

General Habitats Score Description Major Importance 12 Marine Intertidal1Unset Suitable 12.1 Marine Intertidal - Rocky Shoreline1Unset Suitable 12.2 Marine Intertidal - Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, 1UnsetSuitable Spits, Etc 13 Marine Coastal/Supratidal1Unset Suitable 13.1 Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands1Unset Suitable 13.3 Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Sand Dunes1Unset Suitable

Species Utilisation  Species is not utilised at all

Purpose / Type of Use Subsistence National International 12. Handicrafts, jewellery, decorations, curios, etc.  The flowers are used for leis in Hawaii (Sauer, 1964).

Trend in the level of wild offtake/harvest in relation to total wild population numbers over the last five years: Trend in the amount of offtake/harvest produced through domestication/cultivation over the last five years: CITES status: Not listed

IUCN Red Listing Red List Assessment:(using 2001 IUCN system) Least Concern (LC)

Red List Criteria: Date Last Seen (only for EX, EW or Possibly EX species): Is the species Possibly Extinct?  Possibly Extinct Candidate?  Rationale for the Red List Assessment C. sericea is listed as Least Concern since it is widely distributed across its natural range in beaches of the Southern Pacific Islands and Australia. It was introduced to Hawaii, where it is classified as an environmental weed. Furthermore, it has been recently recorded in several locations where it appears to be a common species and it is known to occur in protected areas.

Reason(s) for Change in Red List Category from the Previous Assessment:  Genuine Change  Nongenuine Change  No Change  Genuine (recent)  New information  Taxonomy  Same category  Genuine (since first assessment)  Knowledge of Criteria  Criteria Revisio and criteria  Incorrect data used  Other  Same category but previously change in criteria Current Population Trend: Stable Date of Assessment: 28/06/2010 Name(s) of the Assessor(s): Malcolm, P. Evaluator(s): Notes:

% population decline in the past: Time period over which the past decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): % population decline in the future: Time period over which the future decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): Number of Locations: Severely Fragmented: Number of Mature Individuals:

Bibliography Hacker, J.B., 1990, A guide to herbaceous and shrub of Queensland, , University of Queensland Press, St Lucia Randall, R.P., 2002, A global compendium of weeds, R.G. and F.J. Richardson, , , Sauer, J., 1964, Revision of Canavalia, Brittonia2, 106-181, ,